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Gurry T, Scapozza L. Exploiting the gut microbiota's fermentation capabilities towards disease prevention. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 189:113469. [PMID: 32688211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
One of the crucial roles played in the context of human physiology by the human gut microbiota is to ferment resistant polysaccharides and dietary fibres in the colon. Even though it has long been presumed that these processes play fundamental roles in regulating human health, we remain unable to treat or even diagnose deficiencies in microbial fermentation. In part, this relatively slow progress can be attributed to the fact that studying the gut microbiota and its metabolic properties has until now heavily relied on next generation sequencing and case-control cohorts to identify differentially abundant genes, pathways or organisms in the context of a particular clinical indication. Unfortunately, these methods and studies do not allow us to rigorously probe the functional and metabolic phenotype of a microbiota, or for elucidating its mechanisms of action on the host. To improve our clinical control over these fermentation processes, it is critical that we improve our quantitative, mechanistic understanding of their impact on host physiology. In this review, we provide an overview of our current understanding of the roles microbial fermentation processes play in human health in the context of disease prevention. We then describe the evidence linking these processes with depression and anxiety-related conditions, and use these complex disorders as a framework for illustrating the fact that achieving a clinical vision that exploits microbial fermentation towards human health will depend on thoughtful multi-disciplinary collaboration between clinical research, systems biology, and the pharmaceutical and analytical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gurry
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, (PSI-WS), University of Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Leonardo Scapozza
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, (PSI-WS), University of Geneva, Switzerland
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Dieting, mindfulness and mindful eating:exploring whether or not diets reinforce mindfulness and mindful eating practices. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY REPORT 2020. [DOI: 10.5114/hpr.2019.88057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Alwerdt J, Small BJ. Fecal incontinence as a moderator between dietary intake and depressive symptoms among a sample of older adults obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Aging Ment Health 2019; 23:222-232. [PMID: 29171958 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2017.1399348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many studies have established a relationship between diet and mental health, as well as the importance of bowel health. Further, with increased evidence of a gut-brain bidirectional relationship, an indication of dysbiosis as a potential moderator between diet and depression may be a viable target for future interventions. The current study investigated the relationship between diet and depressive symptoms (DS) among older adults, as well as gender, and whether a symptom of dysbiosis, fecal incontinence severity (FIS), moderated this relationship. METHOD Using moderated regressions, we examined whether FIS moderates the relationship between diet and DS while controlling for covariates in the overall sample (N = 1918), as well as among the male (n = 841) and female sample (n = 1077). The dietary variables were reduced using a factor analysis. RESULTS Results indicated significant moderating effects of FIS between Component 4 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PFA) in the overall sample. Component 4, protein, carbohydrates, and alcohol were significant in males only while PFA only in females. Further analysis of protein/carbohydrate ratio groups indicated significant differences within males. Higher scores of FIS were related to higher DS and less consumption of Component 4 nutrients, PFA, and protein. Males that consumed higher protein and carbohydrates resulted in lower DS with increased FIS. CONCLUSION Outcomes from the current study provide further evidence of the importance of healthy bowel function and the potential of modifying the diet to improve DS in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alwerdt
- a Center For Healthy Aging , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , PA , USA.,b School of Aging Studies , The University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - B J Small
- b School of Aging Studies , The University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
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Schneider C, Wissink T. Depression. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35868-2.00005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Oda SS. The influence of Omega3 fatty acids supplementation against aluminum-induced toxicity in male albino rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:14354-14361. [PMID: 27055897 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the protective and antioxidant potential of Omega3 fatty acids (FAs) against aluminum intoxicated male albino rats. Twenty-four male albino rats were divided into four equal groups: group I served as control; group II (Omega3-treated) received Omega3 FAs 1000 mg/kg bwt/day orally; group III (aluminum-treated) received aluminum chloride 100 mg/kg bwt/day orally and group IV (aluminum + Omega3-treated) received aluminum chloride 100 mg/kg bwt/day and Omega3 FAs 1000 mg/kg bwt/day orally. Treatments lasted for 4 weeks. Results indicate that administration of aluminum chloride showed non-significant changes in serum alanine aminotransferase, urea, and creatinine levels, a significant increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase and malondialdehyde as well as a significant reduction in serum-reduced glutathione levels. Aluminum treatment induced histopathological alterations in the liver, kidney, brain, testes, and epididymis. Omega3 FAs supplementation improved the serum parameters, enhanced endogenous antioxidant status, reduced lipid peroxidation, and ameliorated the intensity of the histopathological lesions. These findings reveal that Omega3 FAs supplementation can lighten the toxic effects of aluminum through their antioxidant and free radical-scavenging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah S Oda
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, P.O. Box. 22758, Edfina-Rashid-Behera, Egypt.
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Won MS, Kim S, Yang YJ. Comparison of Health Status and Nutrient Intake between Depressed Women and Non-depressed Women: Based on the 2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Clin Nutr Res 2016; 5:112-25. [PMID: 27152301 PMCID: PMC4855039 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2016.5.2.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to provide supporting data for the management of dietary habits in depression by comparing health and nutrition in adult Korean women according to depression status. A total of 2,236 women aged between 19 and 64 years who participated in the 2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were divided into a depression group (n = 315) and a non-depression group (n = 1,921). Among 19–29-year-old women, the depression group showed higher proportions of individuals with impairment of everyday activities, menopause, and suicidal thoughts than the non-depression group. The depression group showed lower intake of cereal, chocolate, meat, and carbonated drinks, as well as a lower index of nutritional quality (INQ) for protein, iron, and niacin. Among 30–49-year-old women, the depression group showed higher proportions of individuals with impairment of everyday activities, chronic disease, stress, and suicidal thoughts. The depression group showed lower intake of rice with mixed grains and higher intake of instant and cup noodles than the non-depression group. Among 50–64-year-old women, the depression group showed higher proportions of individuals with impairment of everyday activities, menopause, stress, and suicidal thoughts. The depression group showed lower intake of vegetables, mushrooms, and seaweed, lower nutritional intake of fat, saturated fat, and n-3 fatty acids, as well as a lower INQ for niacin and a lower Recommended Food Score. For all age groups, individuals with depression showed poorer health and nutritional intake than healthy individuals, demonstrating a correlation of depression with health and nutritional intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Suk Won
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Korea
| | - Sunghee Kim
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Korea.; Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Korea
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Food choice in disorders of eating behavior: correlations with the psychopathological aspects of the diseases. Compr Psychiatry 2014; 55:1203-11. [PMID: 24703769 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating disorders (ED) are characterized by alterations in food choice and in the quantity and quality of nutrient intake. In a population of 124 female patients with ED (anorexia nervosa restricting subtype [AN-R, n=37]; AN bingeing-purging subtype [AN-BP, n=18]; bulimia nervosa purging subtype [BN-P, n=40]; and binge eating disorder [BED, n=29]) and healthy age-matched controls ([C], n=20) we compared food choice and macronutrient intake with psychopathologic symptoms of the disorders. Data were collected from the probands' 7-day food diaries and the scores from two assessment scales (Eating Disorder Inventory-2 [EDI-2] and Temperament and Character Inventory-revised [TCI-R]) that measure symptom domains, dimensions of personality and character dimensions, respectively. Multiple regression analysis was applied to the nutritional data and scale scores. When compared to the values for the control group, intake of animal proteins (grams) was significantly lower for all patient groups, intake of lactoproteins was lower for the AN-R and AN-BP than BN-P and BED groups, intake of vegetal proteins was higher for the AN-R, AN-BP, BN-P and BED groups, intake of dietary fats was lower for the AN-R and AN-BP subtype groups, and intake of total carbohydrates and oligosaccharides was lower for the AN-R and AN-BP groups, and oligosaccharides also for the BED, when calculated in grams but not when expressed in percent. When studied as percent values animal proteins were lower in patients than in controls, lactoprotein in BN-P and BED, vegetal proteins higher in all the patients, fat lower in AN-R and AN-BP, while carbohydrates did not differ between patients and controls. Significant correlations emerged between food choice and TCI-R and EDI-2 scale scores. Food choice in ED might depend on alterations in neurotransmitter peptides, neuropeptides, and peripheral peptides, which regulate and are regulated by macronutrient intake and underlie psychological and temperamental alterations.
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Bazzan AJ, Zabrecky G, Monti DA, Newberg AB. Current evidence regarding the management of mood and anxiety disorders using complementary and alternative medicine. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 14:411-23. [PMID: 24597999 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2014.892420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This article is an updated review on the potential uses of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) approaches for the management of patients with mood and anxiety disorders. We have focused this current paper on the different types of disorders and the CAM intervention which might be useful. This is in distinction to the prior paper which focused on the CAM interventions. In addition, we have provided a discussion of more recent studies that help to further inform practitioners about CAM interventions in these disorders. Mood and anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent mental health issues affecting people today and there are many approaches towards their management. CAM interventions can include supplements, botanical remedies, meditation and spiritual practices, acupuncture, and dietary practices. There are a growing number of research studies on the effectiveness of CAM interventions in mood and anxiety disorders, and this review evaluates and critiques such data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Bazzan
- Thomas Jefferson University - Integrative Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Haberka M, Mizia-Stec K, Mizia M, Gieszczyk K, Chmiel A, Sitnik-Warchulska K, Gąsior Z. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on depressive symptoms, anxiety and emotional state in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Pharmacol Rep 2013; 65:59-68. [PMID: 23563024 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)70964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to assess whether an early introduced n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) supplementation affects depression symptoms, anxiety and emotional state in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and no history of mental disorders. METHODS Fifty two patients with AMI were enrolled into the study and randomized to the study group (group P; n=26; standard therapy+n-3 PUFA 1 g daily) or the control group (group C; n=26; standard therapy). The following psychological tests were used at the baseline (3rd day of AMI) and after one month (30±1 days): Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory in a specific situation (STAI-S) and as a general trait (STAI-T), Emotional State Questionnaire (ESQ). RESULTS The baseline characteristics, pharmacotherapy and BDI, STAI-S/T and ESQ were similar between both groups. The mean test scores assessed for all patients (group P and C) during the one-month observation were significantly lower for BDI (p=0.04), STAI-T (p=0.03), STAI-S (p=0.01) and harm/loss emotions (p=0.005). After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, coronary artery disease severity, ejection fraction, serum troponin level and the baseline tests results, n-3 PUFA intervention revealed additional significant decrease in BDI (p=0.046), STAI-S (p=0.03) and harm/loss emotions (p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides novel and preliminary observations--n-3 PUFA supplementation reveals additional decreasing effects on depressive and anxiety symptoms in early post-MI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Haberka
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Ziołowa 45/47, PL 40-635 Katowice, Poland.
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Skarupski KA, Tangney CC, Li H, Evans DA, Morris MC. Mediterranean diet and depressive symptoms among older adults over time. J Nutr Health Aging 2013; 17:441-5. [PMID: 23636545 PMCID: PMC4454450 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-012-0437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether adherence to a Mediterranean-based dietary pattern is predictive of depressive symptoms among older adults. DESIGN Generalized estimating equation models were used to test the association between a Mediterranean-based dietary pattern and depressive symptoms over time. Models were adjusted for age, sex, race, education, income, widowhood, antidepressant use, total calorie intake, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, number of self-reported medical conditions, cognitive function, and physical disability. SETTING Chicago, Illinois. PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling participants (n=3502) of the Chicago Health and Aging Project aged 65+ years (59% African American) who had no evidence of depression at the baseline. MEASUREMENTS Adherence to a Mediterranean-based dietary pattern was assessed by the MedDietScore. Dietary evaluation was performed with a food frequency questionnaire at baseline and related to incident depression as measured by the presence of four or more depressive symptoms from the 10-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. RESULTS Over an average follow-up of 7.2 years, greater adherence to a Mediterranean-based diet was associated with a reduced number of newly occurring depressive symptoms (parameter estimate = -0.002, standard error = 0.001; p = 0.04). The annual rate of developing depressive symptoms was 98.6% lower among persons in the highest tertile of a Mediterranean-based dietary pattern compared with persons in the lowest tertile group. CONCLUSION Our results support the hypothesis that adherence to a diet comprised of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, fish, and legumes may protect against the development of depressive symptoms in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Skarupski
- Rush University Medical Center, 1653 West Congress Pkwy, Kidston Building, Suite 606 Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Schneider C, Lovett EA. Depression. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-1793-8.00004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Stapelberg NJC, Neumann DL, Shum DHK, McConnell H, Hamilton-Craig I. A topographical map of the causal network of mechanisms underlying the relationship between major depressive disorder and coronary heart disease. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2011; 45:351-69. [PMID: 21500954 DOI: 10.3109/00048674.2011.570427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Major depressive disorder (MDD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) are both clinically important public health problems. Depression is linked with a higher incidence of ischaemic cardiac events and MDD is more prevalent in patients with CHD. No single comprehensive model has yet described the causal mechanisms linking MDD to CHD. Several key mechanisms have been put forward, comprising behavioural mechanisms, genetic mechanisms, dysregulation of immune mechanisms, coagulation abnormalities and vascular endothelial dysfunction, polyunsaturated omega-3 free fatty acid deficiency, and autonomic mechanisms. It has been suggested that these mechanisms form a network, which links MDD and CHD. The aim of this review is to examine the causal mechanisms underlying the relationship between MDD and CHD, with the aim of constructing a topological map of the causal network which describes the relationship between MDD and CHD. METHODS The search term 'depression and heart disease' was entered into an electronic multiple database search engine. Abstracts were screened for relevance and individually selected articles were collated. RESULTS This review introduces the first topological map of the causal network which describes the relationship between MDD and CHD. CONCLUSIONS Viewing the causal pathways as an interdependent network presents a new paradigm in this field and provides fertile ground for further research. The causal network can be studied using the methodology of systems biology, which is briefly introduced. Future research should focus on the creation of a more comprehensive topological map of the causal network and the quantification of the activity between each node of the causal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J C Stapelberg
- School of Psychology and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland 4215, Australia.
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Lucas M, Kirmayer LJ, Déry S, Dewailly É. Erythrocyte N-3 Is Inversely Correlated with Serious Psychological Distress among the Inuit: Data from the Nunavik Health Survey. J Am Coll Nutr 2010; 29:211-21. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2010.10719836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lucas M, Dewailly E, Blanchet C, Gingras S, Holub BJ. Plasma omega-3 and psychological distress among Nunavik Inuit (Canada). Psychiatry Res 2009; 167:266-78. [PMID: 19394089 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2008.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2006] [Revised: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 04/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Marine omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids have been associated with beneficial effects in mental health. Cultural and social changes have been related to a decline in mental health of the Inuit, but the role of diet has received scant attention. We examined the relationship between psychological distress (PD) and plasma n-3 among 368 Nunavik Inuit aged 18-74 years who took part in a survey in 1992. Participants were categorized as high-level PD if they scored over the 80th percentile of the PD Index Santé-Québec Survey (PDISQS-14), and non-distressed subjects were those who scored less than this cutoff. Compared with the non-distressed group, n-3 concentrations in the PD group were significantly lower in women but not in men. Compared with the lowest tertile of EPA + DHA, the odds ratios for high-level PD among women were 0.32 (95% CI: 0.13-0.82) for the second, and 0.30 (95% CI: 0.10-0.90) for the third tertile, after controlling for confounders. In males, there were no significant associations between EPA+DHA and PDISQS-14 scores. Our findings suggest that marine n-3 may play a role in PD among Inuit women. The gender difference observed in our analysis must be examined more carefully in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Lucas
- Public Health Research Unit, Laval University Medical Research Centre (CHUQ), Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the extent to which levels of membrane eicosapentaenoic (EPA)+docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) (the omega-3 index) were associated with depression in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Depression is associated with worse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in patients with ACS. Reduced levels of blood cell membrane omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids (FAs), an emerging risk factor for both CV disease and depression, may help to explain the link between depression and adverse CV outcomes. METHODS We measured membrane FA composition in 759 patients with confirmed ACS. The analysis included not only EPA and DHA but also the n-6 FAs linoleic and arachidonic acids (LA and AA). Depressive symptoms were measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ). Multivariable linear regression was used to adjust for demographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS There was a significant inverse relationship between the n-3 index and depressive symptoms (PHQ) in the fully adjusted model (p = .034). For every 4.54% point rise in the n-3 index, there was a 1-point decline in depressive symptoms. In contrast to the n-3 FAs, membrane levels of the n-6 FAs LA and AA were not different between depressed and nondepressed ACS patients. CONCLUSION We found an inverse relationship between the n-3 index and the prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients with ACS. Therefore, this study supports the hypothesis that reduced n-3 FA tissue levels are a common and potentially modifiable link between depression and adverse CV outcomes.
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Féart C, Peuchant E, Letenneur L, Samieri C, Montagnier D, Fourrier-Reglat A, Barberger-Gateau P. Plasma eicosapentaenoic acid is inversely associated with severity of depressive symptomatology in the elderly: data from the Bordeaux sample of the Three-City Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87:1156-62. [PMID: 18469234 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/87.5.1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms are commonly observed in elderly people, and nutritional factors such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been proposed as potential protective determinants of depressive disorders. OBJECTIVE The objective was to analyze the relation between plasma fatty acids and severity of depressive symptomatology (DS) in French elderly community dwellers. DESIGN The study population (mean age: 74.6 y) consisted of 1390 subjects from Bordeaux (France) included in the Three-City Study cohort. DS was evaluated by using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. The use of antidepressant drugs was recorded. The proportion of each plasma fatty acid was determined. Cross-sectional analysis of the association between plasma fatty acids and severity of DS was performed by multilinear regression. RESULTS Compared with control subjects, subjects with DS were older, were more often women, were more often widowed or single, were of lower income, were receiving antidepressant treatment more frequently, had a lower incidence of hypercholesterolemia, and had lower Mini-Mental State Examination scores (mean: -1.1 point; P < 0.0001). Plasma eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was lower in the subjects with DS than in the control subjects (0.85% compared with 1.01%; P = 0.001). There were no significant differences in any other fatty acid. When adjusted for potential confounders, such as sociodemographic characteristics and health indicators, plasma EPA was inversely associated with the severity of DS (beta = -0.170, P = 0.040) in subjects taking antidepressants. CONCLUSION Higher plasma EPA was associated with a lower severity of DS in elderly subjects, especially those taking antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Féart
- INSERM U593, Equipe Epidémiologie de la Nutrition et des Comportements Alimentaires, Bordeaux, France.
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Rao TSS, Asha MR, Ramesh BN, Rao KSJ. Understanding nutrition, depression and mental illnesses. Indian J Psychiatry 2008; 50:77-82. [PMID: 19742217 PMCID: PMC2738337 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5545.42391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. R. Asha
- Department of Sensory Science, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore - 570020, India
| | - B. N. Ramesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore - 570020, India
| | - K. S. Jagannatha Rao
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore - 570020, India
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Féart C, Jutand MA, Larrieu S, Letenneur L, Delcourt C, Combe N, Barberger-Gateau P. Energy, macronutrient and fatty acid intake of French elderly community dwellers and association with socio-demographic characteristics: data from the Bordeaux sample of the Three-City Study. Br J Nutr 2007; 98:1046-57. [PMID: 17532868 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114507756520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Few data are available regarding dietary habits of the elderly, in particular about fatty acid consumption, whereas these are major risk or protective factors of several age-related diseases. The aim of the present study was to characterise the dietary intake of a French elderly population in terms of energy, macronutrients and fatty acids based on their socio-demographic characteristics. The study population (age range 67·7–94·9 years) consisted of 1786 subjects from Bordeaux (France), included in the Three-City cohort. Dietary assessment was performed by a 24 h recall, allowing the estimation of energy, protein, carbohydrate, total fat, SFA, MUFA and PUFA intakes. Socio-demographic characteristics (age, sex, marital status, educational level and income), practice of sports and BMI were registered. Total energy intake (EI) was lower in women and in older participants ( ≥ 85 years) but higher in single subjects. Higher EI was associated with higher income, but not with educational level. Mean contribution of macronutrients to EI (protein 18 %, carbohydrate 46 % and total fat 31 %) was higher in women than men, except for alcohol. The oldest individuals consumed less protein and more mono- and disaccharides. Excess saturated fat intake (43 % of total fat), associated with a relative deficit in MUFA consumption (36 % of total fat), was observed. The mean 18 : 2n-6 : 18 : 3n-3 ratio was 9.9 and decreased with higher educational level. The present results suggest that being female, older age, being widowed and low income level could be considered as risk factors of inadequate dietary intake.
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Schneider C, Lovett E. Depression. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-2954-0.50013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Williams AL, Katz D, Ali A, Girard C, Goodman J, Bell I. Do essential fatty acids have a role in the treatment of depression? J Affect Disord 2006; 93:117-23. [PMID: 16650900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2006.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2004] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies are used more than conventional therapies by people with self-defined anxiety and depression. Preliminary evidence supports a hypothesis that low plasma concentration of essential fatty acids is associated with depression. Reported here is the result of a systematic review examining the therapeutic efficacy of essential fatty acids for depression. METHODS Data sources included Medline, Psychinfo, AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine), and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register databases searched from inception through September 2001. English language randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, intervention studies, case control studies, reviews, and case reports of humans were selected, without limits for demographics or co-morbidities. Two abstractors independently evaluated each study, then reconciled findings. When possible, between group treatment effect size was noted or calculated. RESULTS Six articles met inclusion criteria: one RCT, two reviews, and three case control trials. A common outcome measure among the case control trials allowed for direct comparison of effect sizes. CONCLUSIONS The evidence implies promise of a treatment effect of omega-3 fatty acids for depression in adults; although a statement of definitive clinical efficacy is premature. Further study of essential fatty acids as independent and adjuvant therapy for adult depression is indicated, including more sophisticated investigation of dose-response in particular populations.
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Kobayakawa M, Yamawaki S, Hamazaki K, Akechi T, Inagaki M, Uchitomi Y. Levels of omega-3 fatty acid in serum phospholipids and depression in patients with lung cancer. Br J Cancer 2006; 93:1329-33. [PMID: 16306875 PMCID: PMC2361538 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) have therapeutic effects against depression, but there is no evidence in the oncological setting. Our preliminary study reported the association between lower omega-3 FA intake and occurrence of depression in lung cancer patients. To explore the association further, the present study examined whether depression was associated with lower levels of omega-3 FAs in serum phospholipids. A total of 717 subjects in the Lung Cancer Database Project were divided into three groups by two cutoff points of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale depression subscale (HADS-D). In all, 81 subjects of the nondepression and minor depression groups (HADS-D<5 and 5⩽HADS-D⩽10, respectively) were selected to match with 81 subjects of the major depression group (HADS-D>10) for age, gender, clinical stage, and performance status. Fatty acids were assayed by gas chromatography and compared among the three matched groups. There were no differences between the major depression group and nondepression group in any FAs. The minor depression group had higher mean levels of docosahexaenoic acid (mean±s.d. (%), nondepression: 7.40±1.54; minor depression: 7.90±1.40; major depression: 7.25±1.52, P=0.017). These results suggested that serum FAs are associated with minor, but not major, depression in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kobayakawa
- Psycho-Oncology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-City, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
- Psychiatry Division, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima-City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - S Yamawaki
- Psychiatry Division, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima-City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - K Hamazaki
- Division of Clinical Application, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-City, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - T Akechi
- Psycho-Oncology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-City, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya City University Medical School, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya-City, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
- Psychiatry Division, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-City, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - M Inagaki
- Psycho-Oncology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-City, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
- Psychiatry Division, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-City, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Y Uchitomi
- Psycho-Oncology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-City, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
- Psychiatry Division, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-City, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
- Psycho-Oncology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-City, Chiba 277-8577, Japan; E-mail:
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nutritional issues have received little attention in geriatric psychiatry research. This review focuses on literature published in 2003 and 2004 on nutritional factors in mental illness in the elderly and proposes directions for future research. RECENT FINDINGS There has been more research on the role of micronutrients in psychiatric disorders of older adults but studies examining nutritional state in this population are lacking. The former research suggests associations between low folic acid/vitamin B12 status and depression in older adults whereas evidence for other micronutrients is still tentative. In the latter work, there is only one study that examines malnutrition in psychogeriatric patients despite the availability of well-validated screening tools for assessing nutritional state in the elderly and the known impact of undernutrition in ageing and the development of frailty. The role of obesity in ageing is also relevant especially as more people with schizophrenia live longer, although the current evidence in the non-mentally ill elderly suggests that being overweight may have protective effects in the elderly. SUMMARY Malnutrition is likely to have considerable impact on the mental and physical state of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Kohatsu
- Oregon Health and Science University in Portland, Oregon, USA
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25
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Bodnar LM, Wisner KL. Nutrition and depression: implications for improving mental health among childbearing-aged women. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 58:679-85. [PMID: 16040007 PMCID: PMC4288963 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2005] [Revised: 04/28/2005] [Accepted: 05/04/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Adequate nutrition is needed for countless aspects of brain functioning. Poor diet quality, ubiquitous in the United States, may be a modifiable risk factor for depression. The objective was to review and synthesize the current knowledge of the role of nutrition in depression, and address implications for childbearing-aged women. Poor omega-3 fatty acid status increases the risk of depression. Fish oil and folic acid supplements each have been used to treat depression successfully. Folate deficiency reduces the response to antidepressants. Deficiencies of folate, vitamin B12, iron, zinc, and selenium tend to be more common among depressed than nondepressed persons. Dietary antioxidants have not been studied rigorously in relation to depression. Childbearing-aged women are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of poor nutrition on mood because pregnancy and lactation are major nutritional stressors to the body. The depletion of nutrient reserves throughout pregnancy and a lack of recovery postpartum may increase a woman's risk of depression. Prospective research studies are needed to clarify the role of nutrition in the pathophysiology of depression among childbearing-aged women. Greater attention to nutritional factors in mental health is warranted given that nutrition interventions can be inexpensive, safe, easy to administer, and generally acceptable to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Bodnar
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
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Bergé JP, Barnathan G. Fatty acids from lipids of marine organisms: molecular biodiversity, roles as biomarkers, biologically active compounds, and economical aspects. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2005; 96:49-125. [PMID: 16566089 DOI: 10.1007/b135782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Because of their characteristic living environments, marine organisms produce a variety of lipids. Fatty acids constitute the essential part of triglycerides and wax esters, which are the major components of fats and oils. Nevertheless, phospholipids and glycolipids have considerable importance and will be taken into account, especially the latter compounds that excite increasing interest regarding their promising biological activities. Thus, in addition to the major polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, a great number of various fatty acids occur in marine organisms, e.g. saturated, mono- and diunsaturated, branched, halogenated, hydroxylated, methoxylated, non-methylene-interrupted. Various unprecedented chemical structures of fatty acids, and lipid-containing fatty acids, have recently been discovered, especially from the most primitive animals such as sponges and gorgonians. This review of marine lipidology deals with recent advances in the field of fatty acids since the end of the 1990s. Different approaches will be followed, mainly developing biomarkers of trophic chains in marine ecosystems and of chemotaxonomic interest, reporting new structures, especially those with biological activities or biosynthetic interest. An important part of this review will be devoted to the major PUFA, their relevance to health and nutrition, their biosynthesis, their sources (usual and promising) and market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pascal Bergé
- Centre de Nantes, Laboratoire Génie Alimentaire, Département Valorisation des Produits, Institut Français pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), BP21105, 44311 Nantes 03, France.
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Frasure-Smith N, Lespérance F, Julien P. Major depression is associated with lower omega-3 fatty acid levels in patients with recent acute coronary syndromes. Biol Psychiatry 2004; 55:891-6. [PMID: 15110732 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2003] [Revised: 01/07/2004] [Accepted: 01/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are intrinsic cell membrane components and closely involved in neurotransmission and receptor function. Lower omega-3 levels are associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), increases in cardiac events in CAD patients, and depression. We sought to examine relationships between depression and serum levels of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs in patients recovering from acute coronary syndromes (ACS). METHODS We carried out a case-control study of serum PUFA levels and current major depression in 54 age- and sex-matched pairs approximately 2 months following ACS. RESULTS Depressed patients had significantly lower concentrations of total omega-3 and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and higher ratios of arachidonic acid (AA) to DHA, AA to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and n-3 to n-6 than controls. There were no baseline differences in any potential risk or protective factors for depression. CONCLUSIONS Results are consistent with previous reports in depressed patients without CAD, and with literature concerning omega-3 levels and risk of CAD events. Dietary, genetic, and hormonal factors may all play a role in both depression and CAD. Both prospective studies and randomized trials are needed to help clarify the interrelationships.
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McGrath-Hanna NK, Greene DM, Tavernier RJ, Bult-Ito A. Diet and mental health in the Arctic: is diet an important risk factor for mental health in circumpolar peoples?--a review. Int J Circumpolar Health 2003; 62:228-41. [PMID: 14594198 DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v62i3.17560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The people living in Arctic and Subarctic environments have adapted to cold temperatures, short growing seasons, and low precipitation, but their traditional ways are now changing due to increased contact with Western society. The rapid alteration of circumpolar cultures has led to generational changes in diet from traditional foods to the processed groceries common in modern stores. OBJECTIVES Develop a link between changing traditional diets and mental health that may have substantial consequences for circumpolar peoples. METHODS Review of English language literature pertaining to the northern circumpolar environments of the world that consist of the Arctic and Subarctic areas. Electronic resources such as ISI Web of Science and PubMed were utilized, using keywords such as arctic, circumpolar, diet, omega-3 fatty acids, mental health, seasonal affective disorder, and suicide. In addition, we used the cited references of obtained articles and the extensive University of Alaska Fairbanks library collections to identify additional publications that were not available from the electronic resources. The years covered were not restricted to any particular period, although 83% of the sources were published in the last 16 years. CONCLUSION The change in traditional diets has already led to increased health problems, such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, while the mental health of circumpolar peoples has also declined substantially during the same time period. The decline in mental health is characterized by increased rates of depression, seasonal affective disorder, anxiety, and suicide, that now often occur at higher rates than in lower-latitude populations. Studies in non-circumpolar peoples have shown that diet can have profound effects on neuronal and brain development, function, and health. Therefore, we hypothesize that diet is an important risk factor for mental health in circumpolar peoples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy K McGrath-Hanna
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 99775-70000, USA
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31
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Aijänseppä S, Kivinen P, Helkala EL, Kivelä SL, Tuomilehto J, Nissinen A. Serum cholesterol and depressive symptoms in elderly Finnish men. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2002; 17:629-34. [PMID: 12112160 DOI: 10.1002/gps.666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence from previous studies suggests that alterations in lipid levels may be associated with depression in old age. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between serum lipids and depressive symptoms in a population of elderly men. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Altogether 470 men born between 1900 and 1919 were examined in the 30-year follow-up of the Seven Countries Study in 1989. Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale was used to determine the depressive status of the subjects. The depressive status was dichotomised and used as the dependent variable in the present study. RESULTS The depressive status was available for 421 men aged 70 to 89 years in 1989. The prevalence of depression, defined as the Zung sum score equal to or greater than 48, was 15.2% (n = 64). A low serum total cholesterol (odds ratio (OR) 0.67, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.48-0.94, p = 0.022) and low low density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 0.67, 95% CI: 0.46-0.98, p = 0.041) were independently associated with depression. No association with depression was found for high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration or HDL/total cholesterol ratio after the adjustment for other putative correlates for depression. CONCLUSIONS Our study of a well-documented population of elderly Finnish men confirms that low total serum cholesterol is associated with a high amount of depressive symptoms independently of weight change or chronic disease. Our study is the first to show an independent association of low LDL-cholesterol concentration with a high amount of depressive symptoms in the old-old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinikka Aijänseppä
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland.
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Abstract
Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you what you are (Anthelme Brillat-Savarin). When I behold a fashionable table set out in all its magnificence, I fancy that I see gouts and dropsies, fever and lethargies, with other innumerable distempers, lying in ambuscade among the dishes. Nature delights in the most plain and simple diet. Every animal, but man, keeps to one dish. Herbs are the food of this species, fish of that, and flesh of a third. Man falls upon everything that comes in his way; not the smallest fruit or excrescence of the earth, scarce a berry or a mushroom can escape him (Joseph Addison). The pleasures of the palate deal with us like the Egyptians thieves, who strangle those whom they embrace (Seneca). Let food be your medicine and medicine be your food (Hippocrates).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Prasad
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Crone C, Gabriel G, Wise TN. Non-herbal nutritional supplements-the next wave: a comprehensive review of risks and benefits for the C-L psychiatrist. PSYCHOSOMATICS 2001; 42:285-99. [PMID: 11496018 DOI: 10.1176/appi.psy.42.4.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The continuing popularity of complementary medicine has led to the frequent appearance of new products in the marketplace. Non-herbal supplements are now a popular choice for patients seeking relief from a variety of medical conditions. As with herbal medicines, there are concerns about the safety of these products in those with physical illness. Clearly, consultation-liaison psychiatrists will encounter patients using non-herbal products or inquiring about them. This article seeks to provide knowledge about the risks and benefits of non-herbal supplements that consultation-liaison psychiatrists are likely to encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Crone
- Department of Psychiatry, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA 22046, USA
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