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Takemura Y, Inoue T, Matsunaga K, Tani R, Fu HY, Minamino T. The impact of dietary fat type on lipid profiles in lean mass hyper-responder phenotype. Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e8485. [PMID: 38323135 PMCID: PMC10844582 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message Although the lean mass hyper-responder (LMHR) phenotype is well known, its diagnosis is impeded by the influence of fat type and intake on the lipid profile. Accordingly, a detailed assessment is warranted if LMHR is suspected. Abstract A 47-year-old man with suspected familial hypercholesterolemia presented with elevated triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. He had adhered to a ketogenic diet and was suspected of a lean mass hyper-responder phenotype; however, his lipid profile did not meet the definition. His lipid profile improved through dietary management without medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Takemura
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineKagawa UniversityKagawaJapan
| | - Tomoko Inoue
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineKagawa UniversityKagawaJapan
| | - Keiji Matsunaga
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineKagawa UniversityKagawaJapan
| | - Ryosuke Tani
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineKagawa UniversityKagawaJapan
| | - Hai Ying Fu
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineKagawa UniversityKagawaJapan
| | - Tetsuo Minamino
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineKagawa UniversityKagawaJapan
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Effects of 6-month episodic future thinking training on delay discounting, weight loss and HbA1c changes in individuals with prediabetes. J Behav Med 2022; 45:227-239. [PMID: 35006500 PMCID: PMC8744570 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-021-00278-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
People with prediabetes are at risk for type 2 diabetes. They may discount the future delay discounting (DD), and not engage in preventive health behaviors. Episodic future thinking (EFT) can reduce DD when future scenarios are cued, but research is needed to assess long-term effects of EFT and when EFT is not cued. This study tested EFT training compared to control for people with prediabetes enrolled in a 6-month weight loss program on DD, weight, HbA1c, and physical activity. Results showed a reliable EFT effect on reducing DD in cued (p = 0.0035), and uncued DD tasks (p = 0.048), and significant overall changes in weight (p < 0.001), HbA1c (p, 0.001) and physical activity (p = 0.003), but no significant differences in these outcomes by group (p’s > 0.05). Sixty-eight percent of the sample ended below the prediabetes HbA1c range. These results suggest that DD can be modified over extended periods, and the effects of EFT can be observed without EFT cues. However, these data do not suggest that changes in weight, HbA1c or physical activity were due to EFT training. The study was initiated before the COVID-19 pandemic which provided the opportunity to compare differences for people treated in-person or remotely. Analyses showed no differences in DD, weight, HBA1c or physical activity outcomes were observed between in-person and remote treatment, suggesting telehealth is a scalable approach to treating prediabetes.
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3
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Gallardo-Alfaro L, Bibiloni MDM, Bouzas C, Mascaró CM, Martínez-González MÁ, Salas-Salvadó J, Corella D, Schröder H, Martínez JA, Alonso-Gómez ÁM, Wärnberg J, Vioque J, Romaguera D, Lopez-Miranda J, Estruch R, Tinahones FJ, Lapetra J, Serra-Majem L, Bueno-Cavanillas A, Micó RM, Pintó X, Gaforio JJ, Ortíz-Ramos M, Altés-Boronat A, Luca BL, Daimiel L, Ros E, Sayon-Orea C, Becerra-Tomás N, Gimenez-Alba IM, Castañer O, Abete I, Tojal-Sierra L, Pérez-López J, Torres-Collado L, Colom A, Garcia-Rios A, Castro-Barquero S, Bernal R, Santos-Lozano JM, Fernandez-Lazaro CI, Hernández-Alonso P, Saiz C, Zomeño MD, Zulet MA, Belló-Mora MC, Basterra-Gortari FJ, Canudas S, Goday A, Tur JA. Physical activity and metabolic syndrome severity among older adults at cardiovascular risk: 1-Year trends. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:2870-2886. [PMID: 34366176 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Modifiable lifestyle factors, such as physical activity (PA) and Mediterranean diet (MD), decrease metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim was to assess 1-year changes of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), sedentary behavior, and diet quality according to MetS severity in older population at high cardiovascular risk. METHODS AND RESULTS Prospective analysis of 55-75-year-old 4359 overweight/obese participants with MetS (PREDIMED-Plus trial) categorized in tertiles according to 1-year changes of a validated MetS severity score (MetSSS). Anthropometrics, visceral adiposity index, triglycerides and glucose index, dietary nutrient intake, biochemical marker levels, dietary inflammatory index, and depression symptoms were measured. Diet quality was assessed by 17-item MD questionnaire. PAs were self-reported using the Minnesota-REGICOR Short Physical Activity Questionnaire and 30-s chair stand test. Sedentary behaviors were measured using the Spanish version of the Nurses' Health Study questionnaire. After 1-year follow-up, decreasing MetSSS was associated with an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern, high intake of vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, whole grain cereals, white fish, and bluefish and low intake of refined cereals, red and processed meat, cookies/sweets, and snacks/ready-to-eat-meals. It resulted in high intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, protein, fiber, vitamins B1, B6, B9, C, D, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus and low glycemic index and saturated fatty acid, trans fatty acid, and carbohydrates intake. Regarding PA and sedentary behavior, decreasing MetSSS was associated with increased moderate-to-vigorous LTPA, chair stand test, and decreased sedentary and TV-viewing time. CONCLUSION Decreasing MetSSS was associated with an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern, high LTPA, high MD adherence, low sedentary time, and low depression risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gallardo-Alfaro
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Maria Del Mar Bibiloni
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Catalina M Mascaró
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IDISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, IISPV, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan. Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Helmut Schröder
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Cardiometabolics Nutrition Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ángel M Alonso-Gómez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48013 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Málaga-IBIMA, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Vioque
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Miguel Hernández University, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, ISABIAL-UMH, 46020 Alicante, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José Lopez-Miranda
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luís Serra-Majem
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael M Micó
- CIBER Diabetes y enfermedades metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071 Leon, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José J Gaforio
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Health Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain
| | - María Ortíz-Ramos
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreu Altés-Boronat
- Department of Endocrinology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bogdana L Luca
- Department of Endocrinology, Fundación Jiménez-Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program.IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sayon-Orea
- University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IDISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Servicio Navarro de Salud, Osasunbidea, 31003, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nerea Becerra-Tomás
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, IISPV, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan. Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Ignacio Manuel Gimenez-Alba
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Itziar Abete
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lucas Tojal-Sierra
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48013 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jéssica Pérez-López
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Málaga-IBIMA, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Laura Torres-Collado
- Miguel Hernández University, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, ISABIAL-UMH, 46020 Alicante, Spain
| | - Antoni Colom
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio Garcia-Rios
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sara Castro-Barquero
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Bernal
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - José Manuel Santos-Lozano
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cesar I Fernandez-Lazaro
- University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IDISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pablo Hernández-Alonso
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, IISPV, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan. Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Carmen Saiz
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Dolors Zomeño
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Zulet
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria C Belló-Mora
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48013 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - F Javier Basterra-Gortari
- University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IDISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Servicio Navarro de Salud, Osasunbidea, 31003, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Silvia Canudas
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, IISPV, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan. Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Albert Goday
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Caprio M, Ceriani F, Chavez AO, El Ghoch M, Frias-Toral E, Mehta RJ, Mendez V, Paschou SA, Pazderska A, Savastano S, Colao A. Nutritional guidelines for the management of insulin resistance. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6947-6960. [PMID: 33797999 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1908223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and its related co-morbidities, namely type 2 diabetes (T2D), pose a significant global public health problem. Insulin resistance (IR) in muscle and liver is the core pathophysiologic defect that underlies obesity preceding and predicting the onset of T2D in susceptible humans. There is a broad population with IR that has no indication for prescription of medications, who still need medical consultation and specific advice in this respect. This prevalent need can be achieved by appropriate diet, exercise, and other behavioral therapies for lifestyle interventions. Despite a well-recognized role of IR in the progression to metabolic diseases, no specific nutritional recommendations exist to manage this condition, to the best of our knowledge. An international panel of experts reviewed and critically appraised the updated literature published about this topic. This review primarily examines the evidence for areas of consensus and ongoing uncertainty or controversy about diet and exercise approaches for IR. The aim of this article is to present the most common IR states, namely obesity and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), and provide nutritional advice to manage IR, hyperinsulinemia, and reactive hypoglycemia. These nutritional guidelines could prevent progression or worsening of IR with resultant beta-cell failure and, as a result, T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples, Italy.,Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile", Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Napoli, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.,Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Florencia Ceriani
- Nutrition School, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alberto O Chavez
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Marwan El Ghoch
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Evelyn Frias-Toral
- School of Medicine, Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | | | - Verna Mendez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General de Zona 49, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, México
| | - Stavroula A Paschou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Agnieszka Pazderska
- Endocrinology Unit, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Clinical Senior Lecturer, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples, Italy.,Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile", Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples, Italy
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5
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Mens Sana in Corpore Sano: Does the Glycemic Index Have a Role to Play? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102989. [PMID: 33003562 PMCID: PMC7599769 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although diet interventions are mostly related to metabolic disorders, nowadays they are used in a wide variety of pathologies. From diabetes and obesity to cardiovascular diseases, to cancer or neurological disorders and stroke, nutritional recommendations are applied to almost all diseases. Among such disorders, metabolic disturbances and brain function and/or diseases have recently been shown to be linked. Indeed, numerous neurological functions are often associated with perturbations of whole-body energy homeostasis. In this regard, specific diets are used in various neurological conditions, such as epilepsy, stroke, or seizure recovery. In addition, Alzheimer’s disease and Autism Spectrum Disorders are also considered to be putatively improved by diet interventions. Glycemic index diets are a novel developed indicator expected to anticipate the changes in blood glucose induced by specific foods and how they can affect various physiological functions. Several results have provided indications of the efficiency of low-glycemic index diets in weight management and insulin sensitivity, but also cognitive function, epilepsy treatment, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases. Overall, studies involving the glycemic index can provide new insights into the relationship between energy homeostasis regulation and brain function or related disorders. Therefore, in this review, we will summarize the main evidence on glycemic index involvement in brain mechanisms of energy homeostasis regulation.
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Harvey CJDC, Schofield GM, Zinn C, Thornley SJ, Crofts C, Merien FLR. Low-carbohydrate diets differing in carbohydrate restriction improve cardiometabolic and anthropometric markers in healthy adults: A randomised clinical trial. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6273. [PMID: 30740270 PMCID: PMC6368026 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diets are useful for treating a range of health conditions, but there is little research evaluating the degree of carbohydrate restriction on outcome measures. This study compares anthropometric and cardiometabolic outcomes between differing carbohydrate-restricted diets. OBJECTIVE Our hypothesis was that moderate carbohydrate restriction is easier to maintain and more effective for improving cardiometabolic health markers than greater restriction. DESIGN A total of 77 healthy participants were randomised to a very low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (VLCKD), low-carbohydrate diet (LCD), or moderate-low carbohydrate diet (MCD), containing 5%, 15% and 25% total energy from carbohydrate, respectively, for 12-weeks. Anthropometric and metabolic health measures were taken at baseline and at 12 weeks. Using ANOVA, both within and between-group outcomes were analysed. RESULTS Of 77 participants, 39 (51%) completed the study. In these completers overall, significant reductions in weight and body mass index occurred ((mean change) 3.7 kg/m2; 95% confidence limits (CL): 3.8, 1.8), along with increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, (0.49 mmol/L; 95% CL; 0.06, 0.92; p = 0.03), and total cholesterol concentrations (0.11 mmol/L; 95% CL; 0.00, 0.23; p = 0.05). Triglyceride (TG) levels were reduced by 0.12 mmol/L (95% CL; -0.20, 0.02; p = 0.02). No significant changes occurred between groups. The largest improvements in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and TG and anthropometric changes occurred for the VLCKD group. CONCLUSIONS Low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets have a positive effect on markers of health. Adherence to the allocation of carbohydrate was more easily achieved in MCD, and LCD groups compared to VLCKD and there were comparable improvements in weight loss and waist circumference and greater improvements in HDL-c and TG with greater carbohydrate restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grant M. Schofield
- Human Potential Centre, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Caryn Zinn
- Human Potential Centre, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simon J. Thornley
- Human Potential Centre, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Catherine Crofts
- Human Potential Centre, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Fabrice L. R. Merien
- AUT-Roche Diagnostics Laboratory, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Gabrial SGN, Shakib MCR, Gabrial GN. Effect of Pseudocereal-Based Breakfast Meals on the First and Second Meal Glucose Tolerance in Healthy and Diabetic Subjects. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2016; 4:565-573. [PMID: 28028392 PMCID: PMC5175500 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2016.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have indicated that the incidence of serious diabetic complications may be reduced through strict glycemic control. A low glycemic index diet is one tool to improve insulin resistance and improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). AIM The objective was to study the effect of pseudocereals-based breakfasts (quinoa and buckwheat) on glucose variations at first meal (breakfast) and second meal (standardised lunch) in healthy and diabetic subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Twelve healthy subjects and 12 patients with Type 2 DM (not- insulin dependent) were recruited in the study. Subjects were provided with quinoa and buckwheat breakfast meals. A standardised lunch was provided 4 h after breakfast. Postprandial blood glucose response after breakfast and the second meal effect was measured in healthy and diabetic subjects. Incremental area under the curve (IAUC) values for glucose was measured in response to the breakfast and lunch. The glycemic index of the 2 pseudocereals-based test breakfasts was determined. A white wheat bread (WWB) was served as a reference breakfast meal. RESULTS In post-breakfast analyses, healthy subjects showed that buckwheat meal had significantly lower IAUC values for blood glucose compared to WWB reference meal (P < 0.001) while quinoa meal showed no significance. In diabetic subjects, buckwheat and quinoa meals had significantly lower IAUC values for blood glucose compared to WWB reference meal (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05 respectively). Blood glucose concentrations started to decline gradually for the quinoa and buckwheat but not for WWB in all healthy and diabetic subjects and returned to near-fasting baseline levels by 210 min. Post-lunch analyses indicated higher IAUC for the two breakfast types in healthy and diabetic subjects. In addition, the quinoa and buckwheat breakfast meals were followed by a significantly flatter blood glucose response to the second meal for the period between 270 and 330 min. At the end of the second meal period, values were below or near-fasting baseline levels in the breakfast period. The blood glucose concentration after consuming quinoa meal showed a high peak at 30 min similar to that of WWB reference meal. This peak resulted in a high glycemic index (GI) for quinoa (89.4). The GI of buckwheat recorded a low value (26.8). CONCLUSION The two studied pseudocereals; quinoa and buckwheat have high potential to improve glucose tolerance at the first and second meal (lunch) and are recommended to be introduced in our daily diet for healthy and diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreef G. N. Gabrial
- National Research Centre, Nutrition and Food Science Department, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt
| | - Marie-Christine R. Shakib
- National Research Centre, Nutrition and Food Science Department, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt
| | - Gamal N. Gabrial
- National Research Centre, Nutrition and Food Science Department, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt
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Luley C, Blaik A, Götz A, Kicherer F, Kropf S, Isermann B, Stumm G, Westphal S. Weight Loss by Telemonitoring of Nutrition and Physical Activity in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome for 1 Year. J Am Coll Nutr 2014; 33:363-74. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2013.875437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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Qi Q, Xu M, Wu H, Liang L, Champagne CM, Bray GA, Sacks FM, Qi L. IRS1 genotype modulates metabolic syndrome reversion in response to 2-year weight-loss diet intervention: the POUNDS LOST trial. Diabetes Care 2013; 36:3442-7. [PMID: 24009303 PMCID: PMC3816909 DOI: 10.2337/dc13-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic variants near IRS1 are associated with features of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We examined whether genetic variants near IRS1 might modulate the effects of diets varying in fat content on the MetS status in a 2-year weight-loss trial. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Two variants near IRS1, rs1522813 and rs2943641, were genotyped in 738 overweight/obese adults (age 60 ± 9 years; BMI 32.7 ± 3.9 kg/m2) randomly assigned to one of four weight-loss diets (a deficit of 750 kcal/day of caloric intake from baseline) varying in macronutrient contents for 2 years. We compared MetS status of high-fat (40% of caloric intake; n = 370) and low-fat (20% caloric intake; n = 368) diet groups differentiated by genotypes (rs1522813 A-allele carriers and noncarriers and rs2943641T-allele carriers and noncarriers). RESULTS Among rs1522813 A-allele carriers, the reversion rates of the MetS were higher in the high-fat diet group than those in the low-fat diet group over the 2-year intervention (P = 0.002), while no significant difference between diet groups was observed among noncarriers (P = 0.27). The genetic modulation on dietary effect was independent of weight changes. The odds ratio (OR) for the 2-year reversion of the MetS was 2.88 (95% CI 1.25-6.67) comparing the high-fat and low-fat diets among rs1522813 A-allele carriers, while the corresponding OR was 0.83 (0.36-1.92) in noncarriers. The variant rs2943641 was not observed to modulate dietary effects on the MetS status. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that high-fat weight-loss diets might be more effective in the management of the MetS compared with low-fat diets among individuals with the A-allele of the rs1522813 variant near IRS1.
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10
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Jönsson T, Granfeldt Y, Lindeberg S, Hallberg AC. Subjective satiety and other experiences of a Paleolithic diet compared to a diabetes diet in patients with type 2 diabetes. Nutr J 2013; 12:105. [PMID: 23890471 PMCID: PMC3727993 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We found marked improvement of glycemic control and several cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes given advice to follow a Paleolithic diet, as compared to a diabetes diet. We now report findings on subjective ratings of satiety at meal times and participants’ other experiences of the two diets from the same study. Methods In a randomized cross-over study, 13 patients with type 2 diabetes (3 women and 10 men), were instructed to eat a Paleolithic diet based on lean meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, root vegetables, eggs and nuts, and a diabetes diet designed in accordance with dietary guidelines, during two consecutive 3-month periods. In parallel with a four-day weighed food record, the participants recorded their subjective rating of satiety. Satiety quotients were calculated as the intra-meal quotient of change in satiety during a meal and consumed energy or weight of food and drink for that specific meal. All participants answered the same three open-ended questions in a survey following each diet: “What thoughts do you have about this diet?”, “Describe your positive and negative experiences with this diet” and “How do you think this diet has affected your health?”. Results The participants were equally satiated on both diets. The Paleolithic diet resulted in greater satiety quotients for energy per meal (p = 0.004), energy density per meal (p = 0.01) and glycemic load per meal (p = 0.02). The distribution of positive and negative comments from the survey did not differ between the two diets, and the comments were mostly positive. Among comments relating to recurring topics, there was no difference in distribution between the two diets for comments relating to tastelessness, but there was a trend towards more comments on the Paleolithic diet being satiating and improving blood sugar values, and significantly more comments on weight loss and difficulty adhering to the Paleolithic diet. Conclusions A Paleolithic diet is more satiating per calorie than a diabetes diet in patients with type 2 diabetes. The Paleolithic diet was seen as instrumental in weight loss, albeit it was difficult to adhere to. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00435240
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Jönsson
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
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11
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Ericson U, Rukh G, Stojkovic I, Sonestedt E, Gullberg B, Wirfält E, Wallström P, Orho-Melander M. Sex-specific interactions between the IRS1 polymorphism and intakes of carbohydrates and fat on incident type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 97:208-16. [PMID: 23221578 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.046474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The minor T allele of rs2943641 near the gene encoding for insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) has been associated with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and adiposity in genome-wide association studies. Dietary intake can influence the regulation of IRS1, and studies have indicated sex-specific associations between IRS1 and adiposity. OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine the interaction between IRS1 rs2943641 and macronutrient intakes on incident T2D and percentage body fat in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. DESIGN The study included 15,227 women and 9614 men aged 45-74 y without prevalent diabetes. Dietary data were collected with a modified diet history method. During 12 y of follow-up, 1567 incident T2D cases were identified. RESULTS The T allele was associated with lower incidence of T2D (P-trend = 0.003) and, in men, with higher percentage body fat (P-trend = 0.00002). We observed 3-way interactions between sex, rs2943641, and carbohydrate intake (P = 0.01) as well as between sex, rs2943641, and fat intake (P = 0.01) on incident T2D. Among women, the T allele was associated with decreased risk only in the lower tertiles of carbohydrate intake (P-trend = 0.01, P-interaction = 0.01). In contrast, among men, the T allele was associated with decreased risk in the lowest tertile of fat intake (P-trend = 0.01, P-interaction = 0.02). No interaction was observed between macronutrient intakes and rs2943641 on percentage body fat. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that IRS1 rs2943641 interacts with carbohydrate and fat intakes on incident T2D in a sex-specific fashion. A protective association between the rs2943641 T allele and T2D was restricted to women with low carbohydrate intake and to men with low fat intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Ericson
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease, Genetic Epidemiology , Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
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12
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Morita-Suzuki S, Fujioka Y, Mitsuoka H, Tashiro M, Harada M. Adding diet and exercise counseling to the health promotion plan alleviates anthropometric and metabolic complications in patients with metabolic syndrome. Nutr Metab Insights 2012; 5:49-58. [PMID: 23882148 PMCID: PMC3698469 DOI: 10.4137/nmi.s9683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of individual (IC) and group (GC) diet and exercise counseling in men with metabolic syndrome. Participants received exercise instruction and exercise load was monitored. IC participants received individual diet counseling sessions and general consultations at baseline and monthly. GC participants received a group diet counseling session at baseline and general consultations at baseline and monthly. In the IC group, body mass index (BMI) percent body fat, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, and liver function levels were reduced significantly after 3 months, whereas in the GC group, waist circumference and levels of liver function were reduced. Exercise load was negatively correlated with change in BMI and waist circumference in the IC group, and positively correlated with changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in all subjects and in the GC group. Diet and exercise counseling, especially IC, may benefit patients with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Morita-Suzuki
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Japan. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Kakogawa East City Hospital
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13
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Ata SM, Vaishnav U, Puglisi M, Lofgren IE, Wood RJ, Volek JS, Fernandez ML. Macronutrient composition and increased physical activity modulate plasma adipokines and appetite hormones during a weight loss intervention. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2012; 19:139-45. [PMID: 20088670 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2009.1472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have shown previously that in overweight premenopausal women, changes in macronutrient composition and increasing the number of steps walked per day favorably affect body composition and plasma lipid profiles. As a follow-up, we evaluated the effect of moderate carbohydrate intake and increased physical activity on inflammation and regulation of appetite. METHODS Seventy premenopausal women with a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 37 kg/m(2) participated in a 10-week weight loss intervention program consisting of the following macronutrient energy distribution: 40% carbohydrate, 30% fat, and 30% protein, in addition to a progressive increase in the number of steps taken per day. Plasma adiponectin, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), leptin, and ghrelin levels were assessed at baseline and after 10 weeks. RESULTS Subjects reduced body weight by 4.5%, waist circumference (WC) by 6.4%, and trunk fat by 4.6%. Plasma insulin and insulin resistance assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) were reduced after 10 weeks (p < 0.01). Plasma adiponectin was increased by 11% (p < 0.05), and ICAM-1 levels were decreased (p < 0.05) after 10 weeks. A negative correlation was found between changes in insulin and changes in adiponectin between baseline and 10 weeks (r = -0.397, p < 0.01), indicating a role of adiponectin in increasing insulin sensitivity. In addition, plasma ghrelin levels were increased by 17% (p < 0.001), indicating a signal for increased appetite associated with weight loss. CONCLUSIONS These studies indicate that weight loss interventions involving moderate changes in dietary carbohydrate and increases in physical activity favorably affect insulin sensitivity and decrease inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shymaa M Ata
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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14
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Qi Q, Bray GA, Smith SR, Hu FB, Sacks FM, Qi L. Insulin receptor substrate 1 gene variation modifies insulin resistance response to weight-loss diets in a 2-year randomized trial: the Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS LOST) trial. Circulation 2011; 124:563-71. [PMID: 21747052 PMCID: PMC3171189 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.025767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common genetic variants in the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) gene have been recently associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. We examined whether the best-associated variant modifies the long-term changes in insulin resistance and body weight in response to weight-loss diets in Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS LOST) trial. METHODS AND RESULTS We genotyped IRS1 rs2943641 in 738 overweight adults (61% were women) who were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 diets varying in macronutrient contents for 2 years. We assessed the progress in fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and weight loss by genotypes. At 6 months, participants with the risk-conferring CC genotype had greater decreases in insulin (P=0.009), HOMA-IR (P=0.015), and weight loss (P=0.018) than those without this genotype in the highest-carbohydrate diet group whereas an opposite genotype effect on changes in insulin and HOMA-IR (P≤0.05) was observed in participants assigned to the lowest-carbohydrate diet group. No significant differences were observed across genotypes in the other 2 diet groups. The tests for genotype by intervention interactions were all significant (P<0.05). At 2 years, the genotype effect on changes in insulin and HOMA-IR remained significant in the highest-carbohydrate diet group (P<0.05). The highest carbohydrate diet led to a greater improvement of insulin and HOMA-IR (P for genotype-time interaction ≤0.009) in participants with the CC genotype than those without this genotype across 2-year intervention. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with the IRS1 rs2943641 CC genotype might obtain more benefits in weight loss and improvement of insulin resistance than those without this genotype by choosing a high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION http:www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00072995.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Qi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Luley C, Blaik A, Reschke K, Klose S, Westphal S. Weight loss in obese patients with type 2 diabetes: effects of telemonitoring plus a diet combination - the Active Body Control (ABC) Program. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2011; 91:286-92. [PMID: 21168231 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2010.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We evaluate the efficacy of the "Active Body Control (ABC) Program" for weight reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS The ABC program combines telemonitoring of the physical activity with a low-calorie diet also preferring carbohydrates with low glycemic indexes. In this 6-month, randomized, clinical trial 35 patients (aged 57 ± 9 years; BMI=35.3 ± 5.7 kg/m(2)) were treated according to the ABC program and 35 control patients (aged 58 ± 7 years; BMI=34.8 ± 5.9 kg/m(2)) received standard therapy. RESULTS After 6 months the mean weight loss in the intervention group was 11.8 kg ± 8.0 kg. Glucose and HbA1c were lowered by respectively 1.0 mmol/l and 0.8 percentage points (p=0.000, respectively). The proportion of patients with HbA1c>7% fell from 57% to 26%. Antidiabetic drugs were discontinued in 13 patients (39%) and reduced in 14 (42%). The reduction of costs on medication per patient was € 83 in 6 months. In the control group, there were no relevant changes in body weight, laboratory values or drug treatment. CONCLUSIONS The ABC program effectively lowers body weight, Hb1Ac and antidiabetic drug use in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Luley
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, Germany
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Jönsson T, Granfeldt Y, Erlanson-Albertsson C, Ahrén B, Lindeberg S. A paleolithic diet is more satiating per calorie than a mediterranean-like diet in individuals with ischemic heart disease. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2010; 7:85. [PMID: 21118562 PMCID: PMC3009971 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-7-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We found marked improvement of glucose tolerance and lower dietary energy intake in ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients after advice to follow a Paleolithic diet, as compared to a Mediterranean-like diet. We now report findings on subjective ratings of satiety at meals and data on the satiety hormone leptin and the soluble leptin receptor from the same study. Methods Twenty-nine male IHD patients with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes type 2, and waist circumference > 94 cm, were randomized to ad libitum consumption of a Paleolithic diet (n = 14) based on lean meat, fish, fruit, vegetables, root vegetables, eggs, and nuts, or a Mediterranean-like diet (n = 15) based on whole grains, low-fat dairy products, vegetables, fruit, fish, and oils and margarines during 12 weeks. In parallel with a four day weighed food record the participants recorded their subjective rating of satiety. Satiety Quotients were calculated, as the intra-meal quotient of change in satiety during meal and consumed energy or weight of food and drink for that specific meal. Leptin and leptin receptor was measured at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks. Free leptin index was calculated as the ratio leptin/leptin receptor. Results The Paleolithic group were as satiated as the Mediterranean group but consumed less energy per day (5.8 MJ/day vs. 7.6 MJ/day, Paleolithic vs. Mediterranean, p = 0.04). Consequently, the quotients of mean change in satiety during meal and mean consumed energy from food and drink were higher in the Paleolithic group (p = 0.03). Also, there was a strong trend for greater Satiety Quotient for energy in the Paleolithic group (p = 0.057). Leptin decreased by 31% in the Paleolithic group and by 18% in the Mediterranean group with a trend for greater relative decrease of leptin in the Paleolithic group. Relative changes in leptin and changes in weight and waist circumference correlated significantly in the Paleolithic group (p < 0.001) but not in the Mediterranean group. Changes in leptin receptor and free leptin index were not significant. Conclusions A Paleolithic diet is more satiating per calorie than a Mediterranean-like diet. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00419497
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Jönsson
- Department of Clinical Science, B11 BMC, University of Lund, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden.
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17
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Evaluation of three new strategies to fight obesity in families. J Nutr Metab 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20885935 PMCID: PMC2946603 DOI: 10.1155/2010/751905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims. To evaluate 3 strategies to reduce weight in obese families. Research design and methods. 142 obese parents and 119 obese children kept a fat-calorie restriction diet. On top of this diet, the families were randomized in a three-factorial design to one or more of three weight-loss strategies: (1) an additional diet preferring carbohydrates having a low glycemic index (dual diet), (2) financial incentive, and (3) telemonitoring of weight and physical activity. Results. All children improved their BMI-SDS by 0.18 ± 0.25 (P < .001) independently of the weight-loss strategy. In parents, relative losses of weight (kg) were −6.4% versus −4.0% for dual diet versus calorie restriction (P = .029), −6.9% versus −3.4% for with or without financial incentive (P = .002), and −8.0% versus −4.8% for with or without telemonitoring (P = .033). The weight loss after financial incentive plus dual diet plus telemonitoring was −14.4%. Conclusions. All strategies were effective in adults, in particular when combined. Children improved their BMI-SDS regardless of the strategy.
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Marín C, Pérez-Martínez P, Delgado-Lista J, Gómez P, Rodríguez F, Yubero-Serrano EM, García-Ríos A, Camargo A, Pérez-Jiménez F, López-Miranda J. The insulin sensitivity response is determined by the interaction between the G972R polymorphism of the insulin receptor substrate 1 gene and dietary fat. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 55:328-35. [PMID: 20824664 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2010] [Revised: 07/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Marín
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba and Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
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Al-Sarraj T, Saadi H, Volek JS, Fernandez ML. Metabolic syndrome prevalence, dietary intake, and cardiovascular risk profile among overweight and obese adults 18-50 years old from the United Arab Emirates. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2010; 8:39-46. [PMID: 19929603 DOI: 10.1089/met.2009.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is among the highest worldwide, and metabolic syndrome predisposes to diabetes. METHODS We recruited 227 overweight/obese Emirati adults living in the city of Al-Ain, Emirati of Abu Dhabi to screen for the metabolic syndrome and to assess for the most relevant criteria for the metabolic syndrome in this population. We identified subjects as having the metabolic syndrome if they had three of the following characteristics: Waist circumference (WC) >88 cm in women and >102 cm in men; plasma glucose >5.5 mmol/L; blood pressure >130/85 mmHg, triglycerides (TG) >1.7 mmol/L, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) <1.0 mmol/L in men and <1.3 mmol/L in women. In addition to features of metabolic syndrome, lipoprotein subfractions and 24-hour dietary recalls were assessed in a random sample of participants. RESULTS A total of 92 subjects (40.5%) were classified as having metabolic syndrome. The most relevant clinical criteria associated with metabolic syndrome were large WC, high blood pressure, and low HDL-C. Only 7% of subjects had TG >1.7 mmol/L, whereas 95% had plasma LDL-C >2.6 mmol/L. In addition, subjects presented low concentrations of medium very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and small HDL subfractions in agreement with low concentrations of HDL-C and TG. Dietary analysis revealed high-energy consumption, with diets high in total carbohydrates, fat, and simple sugars. In addition, subjects were sedentary with only 14% of the population engaged in physical activity. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of metabolic syndrome among overweight/obese Emirati adults predisposes this population to increased risk for developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Public health involvement targeting poor dietary habits and exercise programs among Emirati citizens is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taif Al-Sarraj
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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Relationship between number of metabolic syndrome components and dietary factors in middle-aged and elderly Japanese subjects. Hypertens Res 2010; 33:548-54. [PMID: 20224573 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2010.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of risk factors for atherosclerosis and is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The role of diet in the etiology of MetS is poorly understood, especially among Asian subjects. This cross-sectional study assessed the relationship between diet and the number of MetS components among Japanese men (n=609) and women (n=631). Mean (s.d.) age and body mass index were 57.1 (12.1) years and 22.8 (2.8) kg m(-2) for men and 55.5 (12.0) years and 22.0 (3.0) kg m(-2) for women, respectively. Diet was assessed by a 3-day dietary record that included photographs: 16 nutrients, 11 food groups, and energy % of protein and dietary fat were selected as a dietary index. The definition of MetS was based on modified National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, and the number of clustering MetS components was calculated by adding the presence of each five MetS components. A total of 61 men (10.0%) and 46 women (7.3%) were determined to have MetS. After adjusting for age, energy intake, alcohol intake, smoking status and physical activity, a lower intake of vitamin B6 and dietary fiber in men, and lower intake of calcium, milk and dairy products and higher intake of cereal in women were related to the number of MetS components. These results suggest that some dietary factors were related to the number of MetS components among community-dwelling Japanese men and women.
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