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Mladěnka P, Macáková K, Kujovská Krčmová L, Javorská L, Mrštná K, Carazo A, Protti M, Remião F, Nováková L. Vitamin K - sources, physiological role, kinetics, deficiency, detection, therapeutic use, and toxicity. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:677-698. [PMID: 34472618 PMCID: PMC8907489 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K is traditionally connected with blood coagulation, since it is needed for the posttranslational modification of 7 proteins involved in this cascade. However, it is also involved in the maturation of another 11 or 12 proteins that play different roles, encompassing in particular the modulation of the calcification of connective tissues. Since this process is physiologically needed in bones, but is pathological in arteries, a great deal of research has been devoted to finding a possible link between vitamin K and the prevention of osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases. Unfortunately, the current knowledge does not allow us to make a decisive conclusion about such a link. One possible explanation for this is the diversity of the biological activity of vitamin K, which is not a single compound but a general term covering natural plant and animal forms of vitamin K (K1 and K2) as well as their synthetic congeners (K3 and K4). Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) is found in several vegetables. Menaquinones (MK4–MK13, a series of compounds known as vitamin K2) are mostly of a bacterial origin and are introduced into the human diet mainly through fermented cheeses. Current knowledge about the kinetics of different forms of vitamin K, their detection, and their toxicity are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. K. Macáková is with the Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republicv
| | - Kateřina Macáková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kujovská Krčmová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Javorská
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Mrštná
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. K. Macáková is with the Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republicv
| | - Michele Protti
- M. Protti is with the Research Group of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis (PTA Lab), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fernando Remião
- F. Remião is with the UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, The Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Bartstra JW, Draaisma F, Zwakenberg SR, Lessmann N, Wolterink JM, van der Schouw YT, de Jong PA, Beulens JWJ. Six months vitamin K treatment does not affect systemic arterial calcification or bone mineral density in diabetes mellitus 2. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1691-1699. [PMID: 33068157 PMCID: PMC7987615 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02412-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin K-dependent proteins are involved in (patho)physiological calcification of the vasculature and the bones. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is associated with increased arterial calcification and increased fractures. This study investigates the effect of 6 months vitamin K2 supplementation on systemic arterial calcification and bone mineral density (BMD) in DM2 patients with a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS In this pre-specified, post hoc analysis of a double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial, patients with DM2 and CVD were randomized to a daily, oral dose of 360 µg vitamin K2 or placebo for 6 months. CT scans were made at baseline and follow-up. Arterial calcification mass was quantified in several large arterial beds and a total arterial calcification mass score was calculated. BMD was assessed in all non-fractured thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. RESULTS 68 participants were randomized, 35 to vitamin K2 (33 completed follow-up) and 33 to placebo (27 completed follow-up). The vitamin K group had higher arterial calcification mass at baseline [median (IQR): 1694 (812-3584) vs 1182 (235-2445)] for the total arterial calcification mass). Six months vitamin K supplementation did not reduce arterial calcification progression (β [95% CI]: - 0.02 [- 0.10; 0.06] for the total arterial calcification mass) or slow BMD decline (β [95% CI]: - 2.06 [- 11.26; 7.30] Hounsfield units for all vertebrae) when compared to placebo. CONCLUSION Six months vitamin K supplementation did not halt progression of arterial calcification or decline of BMD in patients with DM2 and CVD. Future clinical trials may want to pre-select patients with very low vitamin K status and longer follow-up time might be warranted. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02839044.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas W Bartstra
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fieke Draaisma
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine R Zwakenberg
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolas Lessmann
- Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jelmer M Wolterink
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne T van der Schouw
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pim A de Jong
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Research Institutes, Postbox 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Hu LX, Feng JJ, Wu J, Li W, Gningue SM, Yang ZM, Wang Z, Liu Y, Xue ZL. Identification of six important amino acid residues of MenA from Bacillus subtilis natto for enzyme activity and formation of menaquinone. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 138:109583. [PMID: 32527527 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme 1, 4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (DHNA) prenyltransferase (MenA) is a critical player in determining the efficiency of the menaquinone (MK) synthesis pathway and is an attractive target for the development of novel chemotherapeutics against pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria. However, there has been no report on structural properties or active region of MenA. To solve this challenge, we predicted the three-dimensiona structure and critical amino acid sites of MenA by bioinformatics analysis. Six amino acid sites were chosen by alligning the amino acid sequence of MenA from Bacillus subtilis natto with 4-hydroxybenzoate octaprenyl transferase (UbiA) from Escherichia coli, Aeropyrum pernix and Archaeoglobus fulgidus. Among them, four Asp sites located in two Asp-rich motifs (D78XXXXXD84 and D208XXXD212) were found to be indispensable amino acid residues in maintaining MenA activity. Site-directed mutagenesis of two other sites (Q67th, N74th) positively affected the catalytic activity of MenA and the MK titer. Q67R resulted in more than a 5-fold increase in specific 2-demethylmenaquinone (DMK) content (YP1/x) compared to wild-type, and the hydrophobic interaction between Cys63 and Arg67 could be the main reason according to the three-dimensional structure analysis. Moreover, a dramatic increase in specific MK content (YP2/x) was realized by co-expressing menG in EcMenA (Q67R). The results obtained could be useful not only in developing novel chemotherapeutics to combat potentially pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria, but also in regulating and optimizating E. coli mutant cultures for the efficient production of MK metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Xiu Hu
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, 241000, Wuhu, China; Wuhu Zhanghengchun Medicine CO., LTD, 241000, Wuhu, China
| | - Jing-Jing Feng
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, 241000, Wuhu, China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, 241000, Wuhu, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, 241000, Wuhu, China
| | - Sokhna Mbacke Gningue
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, 241000, Wuhu, China
| | - Zi-Ming Yang
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, 241000, Wuhu, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, 241000, Wuhu, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, 241000, Wuhu, China.
| | - Zheng-Lian Xue
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, 241000, Wuhu, China.
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Microbial production of vitamin K2: current status and future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 39:107453. [PMID: 31629792 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin K2, also called menaquinone, is an essential lipid-soluble vitamin that plays a critical role in blood clotting and prevention of osteoporosis. It has become a focus of research in recent years and has been widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This review will briefly introduce the functions and applications of vitamin K2 first, after which the biosynthesis pathways and enzymes will be analyzed in-depth to highlight the bottlenecks facing the microbial vitamin K2 production on the industrial scale. Then, various strategies, including strain mutagenesis and genetic modification, different cultivation modes, fermentation and separation processes, will be summarized and discussed. The future prospects and perspectives of microbial menaquinone production will also be discussed finally.
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Huang Y. Combined treatment of vitamin K and teriparatide on bone metabolism and biomechanics in rats with osteoporosis. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:315-319. [PMID: 29387190 PMCID: PMC5768059 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a degenerative disease caused by lack of estrogen whereby bone degeneration exceeds bone formation, resulting in loss of bone mass. Various drugs have been utilized in an attempt to ameliorate bone strength in such patients. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of vitamin K or teriparatide alone and combined on bone metabolism and biomechanics in rats with osteoporosis. The ovaries of rats were excised to construct a rat model of osteoporosis. Rats were subjected to oral intake of vitamin K or subcutaneous injection of teriparatide or both for 8 weeks. ELISA was used to detect the content of carboxylated-type of osteocalcin (Gla-OC) and C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I) in serum. Bone density of shaft of femur and metaphyseal bone was measured. Three-point bending test was performed to analyze the load-deformation curve of femur. Undecalcified sections of femur were stained with toluidine blue to measure bone histomorphometric static, dynamic and bone resorption parameters. Compared with monotherapy, vitamin K combined with teriparatide significantly increased serum Gla-OC level and the number of osteoblast, decreased serum CTX-I level, reduced the number of osteoclasts and increased bone density and strength. This study showed that the efficacy of vitamin K combined with teriparatide is better than that of monotherapy. This combined treatment can promote bone formation, inhibit bone degradation, and improve bone density and strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youqing Huang
- Department of Pain Management, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
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Yan MKW, Khalil H. Vitamin supplements in type 2 diabetes mellitus management: A review. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11 Suppl 2:S589-S595. [PMID: 28420574 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health challenge that affects countries across the world. The use of pharmacological therapy is often limited in some patients due to a loss of effect over time or development of adverse effects such as weight gain or hypoglycaemia. This has prompted searches into the role of non-pharmacological therapies in T2DM. The availability and use of vitamin supplements in developed countries have increased significantly and there is evidence that certain vitamins may have roles in the management of T2DM. This review examines the literature assessing the use of vitamins A, C, E, D, K and the B group vitamins (B1, B3, B7, B6, B9, B12) in the management of T2DM. No clear evidence supporting the beneficial role of any specific vitamin in the treatment of T2DM was found. Thus, it is recommended that until further studies are conducted to clarify the role of such vitamins in T2DM management, they should not be routinely recommended in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanan Khalil
- School of Rural Health, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
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Nagura N, Komatsu J, Iwase H, Hosoda H, Ohbayashi O, Nagaoka I, Kaneko K. Effects of the combination of vitamin K and teriparatide on the bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats. Biomed Rep 2015; 3:295-300. [PMID: 26137225 DOI: 10.3892/br.2015.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the combined effects of vitamin K (VK) and teriparatide (TPTD) on bone mineral density (BMD), mechanical strength and other parameters for bone metabolism using a rat ovariectomized osteoporosis model. Ovariectomized female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered with VK (an oral dose of 30 mg/kg/day), TPTD (a subcutaneous dose of 30 µg/kg, three times a week) or a combination for 8 weeks. Thereafter, serum levels of γ-carboxylated osteocalcin (Gla-OC) were quantitated by ELISA; BMD and mechanical strength were measured by computed tomography and biomechanical testing, respectively at the femoral metaphysis. Additionally, histomorphometry was performed using the toluidine blue-stained coronal sections of distal femur. The combination of VK and TPTD clearly increased the serum levels of Gla-OC (a specific marker for bone formation) and osteoblast surface (the number of osteoblasts attaching with the surface of cancellous bone), compared to VK or TPTD alone. In addition, the combination of the two agents improved the BMD and bone strength of the femur in the ovariectomized rats, compared to VK or TPTD alone. Taken together, these findings suggest that the treatment with VK and TPTD may have a therapeutic advantage over VK or TPTD monotherapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis, possibly by enhancing the bone formation through the actions on OC and osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Nagura
- Department of Medicine for Motor Organs, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Jun Komatsu
- Department of Medicine for Motor Organs, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hideaki Iwase
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Juntendo University Institute of Casualty Center, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hosoda
- Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohbayashi
- Department of Medicine for Motor Organs, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Isao Nagaoka
- Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kaneko
- Department of Medicine for Motor Organs, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Inhibition of diabetic-cataract by vitamin K1 involves modulation of hyperglycemia-induced alterations to lens calcium homeostasis. Exp Eye Res 2014; 128:73-82. [PMID: 25257692 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential of vitamin K1 against streptozotocin-induced diabetic cataract in Wistar rats. A single, intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg) resulted in hyperglycemia, accumulation of sorbitol and formation of advanced glycation end product (AGE) in eye lens. Hyperglycemia in lens also resulted in superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical generation and less reduced glutathione suggesting oxidative stress in lens. Hyperglycemia also resulted in increase in lens Ca2+ and significant inhibition of lens Ca2+ ATPase activity. These changes were associated with cataract formation in diabetic animals. By contrast treatment of diabetic rats with vitamin K1 (5 mg/kg, sc, twice a week) resulted in animals with partially elevated blood glucose and with transparent lenses having normal levels of sorbitol, AGE, Ca2+ ATPase, Ca2+, and oxidative stress. Vitamin K 1 may function to protect against cataract formation in the STZ induced diabetic rat by affecting the homeostasis of blood glucose and minimizing subsequent oxidative and osmotic stress. Thus, these results show that Vitamin K1 inhibits diabetic-cataract by modulating lens Ca2+ homeostasis and its hypoglycemic effect through its direct action on the pancreas.
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Iwamoto J, Sato Y, Matsumoto H. Vitamin K2 improves femoral bone strength without altering bone mineral density in gastrectomized rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2014; 60:71-7. [PMID: 24975215 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.60.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Gastrectomy (GX) induces osteopenia in rats. The present study examined the skeletal effects of vitamin K2 in GX rats. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats (12 wk old) were randomized by the stratified weight method into the following three groups of 10 animals each: sham operation (control) group; GX group; and GX+oral vitamin K2 (menatetrenone, 30 mg/kg, 5 d/wk) group. Treatment was initiated at 1 wk after surgery. After 6 wk of treatment, the bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and mechanical strength of the femoral diaphysis and distal metaphysis were determined by peripheral quantitative computed tomography and mechanical strength tests, respectively. GX induced decreases in the BMC, BMD, and ultimate force of the femoral diaphysis and distal metaphysis. Vitamin K2 did not significantly influence the BMC or BMD of the femoral diaphysis or distal metaphysis in GX rats, but attenuated the decrease in the ultimate force and increased the stiffness of the femoral diaphysis. The present study showed that administration of vitamin K2 to GX rats improved the bone strength of the femoral diaphysis without altering the BMC or BMD, suggesting effects of vitamin K2 on the cortical bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Iwamoto
- Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
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Varsha MKNS, Thiagarajan R, Manikandan R, Dhanasekaran G. Vitamin K1 alleviates streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes by mitigating free radical stress, as well as inhibiting NF-κB activation and iNOS expression in rat pancreas. Nutrition 2014; 31:214-22. [PMID: 25466668 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to understand the mechanism of action of vitamin K1 against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. METHODS Male Wistar rats were administered 35 mg/kg STZ and after 3 d were treated with vitamin K1 (5 mg/kg, twice a week) for 3 months. Blood glucose was monitored twice a month. At the end of the study, animals were sacrificed and pancreas dissected out and analyzed for free radicals, antioxidants, metabolic enzymes related to glucose, membrane ATPases, histopathological evaluation, and expression of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Glycated hemoglobin, plasma insulin, and islet area were determined at the end of the study. RESULTS Treatment of STZ-induced type 1 diabetic rats with vitamin K1 reduced oxidative stress, enhanced antioxidants, and inhibited aldose reductase in pancreas. Vitamin K1 administration rescued endocrine pancreas from STZ-induced cell death, resulting in enhanced insulin secretion and normal blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Histologic analyses also showed the antidiabetic potential of vitamin K1. Measure of pancreatic islet area showed an increase in the islet area upon vitamin K1 treatment when compared with the STZ-administered group, suggesting the possibility of regeneration. To understand the mechanism involved in vitamin K1 mediated changes, we performed immunohistochemical analyses for NF-κB and iNOS enzyme. Vitamin K1 was shown to suppress NF-κB activation and iNOS expression in the islets upon administration of STZ. CONCLUSION This work shows, to our knowledge for the first time, the mechanism of action of vitamin K1 against type 1 diabetes and the possible therapeutic use of this vitamin in stimulating islet cell proliferation/regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K N Sai Varsha
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - R Thiagarajan
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India.
| | - R Manikandan
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India
| | - G Dhanasekaran
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India
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Tarafder S, Davies NM, Bandyopadhyay A, Bose S. 3D printed tricalcium phosphate scaffolds: Effect of SrO and MgO doping on in vivo osteogenesis in a rat distal femoral defect model. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:1250-1259. [PMID: 24729867 PMCID: PMC3979641 DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60132c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The presence of interconnected macro pores is important in tissue engineering scaffolds for guided tissue regeneration. This study reports in vivo biological performance of interconnected macro porous tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffolds due to the addition of SrO and MgO as dopants in TCP. We have used direct three dimensional printing (3DP) technology for scaffold fabrication followed by microwave sintering. Mechanical strength was evaluated by scaffolds with 500 µm, 750 µm, and 1000 µm interconnected designed pore sizes. Maximum compressive strength of 12.01 ± 1.56 MPa was achieved for 500 µm interconnected designed pore size Sr-Mg doped scaffold. In vivo biological performance of the microwave sintered pure TCP and Sr-Mg doped TCP scaffolds was assessed by implanting 350 µm designed interconnected macro porous scaffolds in rat distal femoral defect. Sintered pore size of these 3D printed scaffolds were 311 ± 5.9 µm and 245 ± 7.5 µm for pure and SrO-MgO doped TCP scaffolds, respectively. These 3D printed scaffolds possessed multiscale porosity, i.e., 3D interconnected designed macro pores along with intrinsic micro pores. Histomorphology and histomorphometric analysis revealed a significant increase in osteoid like new bone formation, and accelerated mineralization inside SrO and MgO doped 3D printed TCP scaffolds as compared to pure TCP scaffolds. An increase in osteocalcin and type I collagen level was also observed in rat blood serum with SrO and MgO doped TCP scaffolds compared to pure TCP scaffolds. Our results show that these 3D printed SrO and MgO doped TCP scaffolds with multiscale porosity contributed to early healing through accelerated osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solaiman Tarafder
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Neal M. Davies
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Amit Bandyopadhyay
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Susmita Bose
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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Juanola-Falgarona M, Salas-Salvadó J, Estruch R, Portillo MP, Casas R, Miranda J, Martínez-González MA, Bulló M. Association between dietary phylloquinone intake and peripheral metabolic risk markers related to insulin resistance and diabetes in elderly subjects at high cardiovascular risk. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013; 12:7. [PMID: 23298335 PMCID: PMC3558443 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin K has been related to glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and diabetes. Because inflammation underlies all these metabolic conditions, it is plausible that the potential role of vitamin K in glucose metabolism occurs through the modulation of cytokines and related molecules. The purpose of the study was to assess the associations between dietary intake of vitamin K and peripheral adipokines and other metabolic risk markers related to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Cross-sectional and longitudinal assessments of these associations in 510 elderly participants recruited in the PREDIMED centers of Reus and Barcelona (Spain). We determined 1-year changes in dietary phylloquinone intake estimated by food frequency questionnaires, serum inflammatory cytokines and other metabolic risk markers. Results In the cross-sectional analysis at baseline no significant associations were found between dietary phylloquinone intake and the rest of metabolic risk markers evaluated, with exception of a negative association with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. After 1-year of follow-up, subjects in the upper tertile of changes in dietary phylloquinone intake showed a greater reduction in ghrelin (−15.0%), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (−12.9%), glucagon-like peptide-1 (−17.6%), IL-6 (−27.9%), leptin (−10.3%), TNF (−26.9%) and visfatin (−24.9%) plasma concentrations than those in the lowest tertile (all p<0.05). Conclusion These results show that dietary phylloquinone intake is associated with an improvement of cytokines and other markers related to insulin resistance and diabetes, thus extending the potential protection by dietary phylloquinone on chronic inflammatory diseases. Trial registration http://www.controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN35739639
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Guo L, Luo T, Fang Y, Yang L, Wang L, Liu J, Shi B. Effects of erythropoietin on osteoblast proliferation and function. Clin Exp Med 2012; 14:69-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-012-0220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Iwamoto J. Effects of raloxifene on bone metabolism in hemodialysis patients. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2012; 10:573-5. [PMID: 23843823 PMCID: PMC3693629 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.5367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Iwamoto
- Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Corresponding author: Jun Iwamoto, Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan. Tel.: +81-333531211, Fax: +81-333529467, E-mail:
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Iwamoto J, Seki A, Sato Y, Matsumoto H. Vitamin K(2) improves renal function and increases femoral bone strength in rats with renal insufficiency. Calcif Tissue Int 2012; 90:50-9. [PMID: 22080166 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-011-9548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Renal insufficiency induces cortical bone loss in rats. The present study examined the influence of vitamin K(2) on renal function, cortical bone mass, and bone strength in rats with renal insufficiency. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks old) were randomized by the stratified weight method to the following three groups of 10 animals each: sham operation (control), 5/6 nephrectomy, and 5/6 nephrectomy + oral vitamin K(2) (menaquinone-4, menatetrenone, 30 mg/kg, 5 days/week). Treatment was initiated 10 days after surgery. After 6 weeks of treatment, samples of serum, urine, and bone (femur and tibia) were obtained. Renal function was evaluated, bone histomorphometric analysis was performed on the tibial diaphysis, and the bone mineral density (BMD) and mechanical strength of the femoral diaphysis were determined by peripheral quantitative computed tomography and a three-point bending test, respectively. Nephrectomy induced renal dysfunction, as indicated by increased levels of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen along with a decrease of creatinine clearance; and it also decreased BMD without significantly affecting bone strength at the femoral diaphysis. Vitamin K(2) improved renal function parameters but did not significantly influence BMD at the femoral diaphysis. However, vitamin K(2) decreased the bone marrow area of the tibial diaphysis and increased the stiffness of the femoral diaphysis. These findings suggest that administration of vitamin K(2) improves renal function and increases cortical bone strength without altering BMD in rats with renal insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Iwamoto
- Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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Iwamoto J, Sato Y, Uzawa M, Takeda T, Matsumoto H. RETRACTED: Three-year experience with alendronate treatment in postmenopausal osteoporotic Japanese women with or without type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2011; 93:166-173. [PMID: 21524811 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2011.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief due to concerns about the integrity of the research reported. The concerns include but are not limited to study conduct, including discrepancies in reporting of study design and methodology, unacknowledged text and data duplication, and implausible timeframes and data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Iwamoto
- Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Sato
- Department of Neurology, Mitate Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Uzawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keiyu Orthopaedic Hospital, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takeda
- Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideo Matsumoto
- Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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