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Xu J, Bricker J, Fu X, Su C, Wang P, Qi T, Cheng F. Design and Development of Smoking Cessation Apps Based on Smokers' and Providers' Perspectives in China: Survey Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019; 7:e12200. [PMID: 31588914 PMCID: PMC6800458 DOI: 10.2196/12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there are more than 60 smartphone apps for smoking cessation in China, many of them do not include the content and features that health care professionals and smokers prefer-which may make them impractical, unengaging, and ineffective. Therefore, we investigated both health care providers' and smokers' preferences for features of future smoking cessation apps. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate Chinese health care providers' and smokers' desired features of a smoking cessation app, with the goal of providing design recommendations for app designers and researchers. METHODS Both Chinese smokers who own smartphones (n=357) and Chinese health care providers (n=224) responded to a survey collecting data on their sociodemographic characteristics and opinions on the importance of 20 smoking cessation app design features studied in previous US research. RESULTS Chinese health care providers expressed strong support of smoking cessation apps on a number of attitude indicators (range 153/224, 68.3% to 204/224, 91.1%). They rated nearly all (18/20) features as very or extremely important (range 52.2%-83.4%) and rated nearly all features (17/20) as more important than the smokers did. More than 60% of smokers rated the following 4 features as very or extremely important: allow sharing the process of smoking cessation with family members and friends (216/319, 67.7%), helping smokers track their progress (such as the amount of smoking per day; 213/319, 66.8%), helping with the side effects of medications and nicotine withdrawal symptoms (201/319, 63.0%), and adapting to ongoing needs and interests of smokers (194/319, 60.8%). Contrary to a similar study of US smokers and health care providers, Chinese smokers and providers rated reputation and ability to communicate with family members and friends as important features, whereas Chinese smokers rated privacy and security as less important. CONCLUSIONS The design of future smoking cessation and health behavior change apps should consider perspectives of both providers and smokers as well as the role of culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Xu
- Center for Health Policy Studies, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jonathan Bricker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Xiaoxing Fu
- Institute of Anthropology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Su
- Media School, University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peicheng Wang
- Research Center for Public Health, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tengfei Qi
- Department of Sociology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Research Center for Public Health, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Cowdery SP, Sajjad MA, Holloway-Kew KL, Mohebbi M, Williams LJ, Kotowicz MA, Livingston PM, Khasraw M, Hakkennes S, Dunning TL, Brumby S, Page RS, Sutherland AG, Brennan-Olsen SL, Berk M, Campbell D, Pasco JA. Mapping Cancer incidence across Western Victoria: the association with age, accessibility, and socioeconomic status among men and women. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:892. [PMID: 31492163 PMCID: PMC6728959 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a leading burden of disease in Australia and worldwide, with incidence rates varying with age, sex and geographic location. As part of the Ageing, Chronic Disease and Injury study, we aimed to map the incidence rates of primary cancer diagnoses across western Victoria and investigate the association of age, accessibility/remoteness index of Australia (ARIA) and area-level socioeconomic status (SES) with cancer incidence. METHODS Data on cancer incidence in the study region were extracted from the Victorian Cancer Registry (VCR) for men and women aged 40+ years during 2010-2013, inclusive. The age-adjusted incidence rates (per 10,000 population/year), as well as specific incidence for breast, prostate, lung, bowel and melanoma cancers, were calculated for the entire region and for the 21 Local Government Areas (LGA) that make up the whole region. The association of aggregated age, ARIA and SES with cancer incidence rates across LGAs was determined using Poisson regression. RESULTS Overall, 15,120 cancer cases were identified; 8218 (54%) men and 6902 women. For men, the age-standardised rate of cancer incidence for the whole region was 182.1 per 10,000 population/year (95% CI 177.7-186.5) and for women, 162.2 (95% CI: 157.9-166.5). The incidence of cancer (overall) increased with increasing age for men and women. Geographical variations in cancer incidence were also observed across the LGAs, with differences identified between men and women. Residents of socioeconomically disadvantaged and less accessible areas had higher cancer incidence (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Cancer incidence rates varied by age, sex, across LGAs and with ARIA. These findings not only provide an evidence base for identifying gaps and assessing the need for services and resource allocation across this region, but also informs policy and assists health service planning and implementation of preventative intervention strategies to reduce the incidence of cancer across western Victoria. This study also provides a model for further research across other geographical locations with policy and clinical practice implications, both nationally and internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohammadreza Mohebbi
- Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Biostatistics Unit, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Mark A Kotowicz
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Australia.,University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Mustafa Khasraw
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Trisha L Dunning
- Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research, Barwon Health Partnership, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University Geelong, Hamilton, Australia
| | - Susan Brumby
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,National Centre for Farmer Health, Western District Health Service, Hamilton, Australia
| | - Richard S Page
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.,Barwon Centre for Orthopaedic Research and Education, Barwon Health and St John of God Hospitals, Geelong, Australia
| | - Alasdair G Sutherland
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,South West Healthcare, Warrnambool, Australia
| | - Sharon L Brennan-Olsen
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, St Albans, Australia.,Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Campbell
- University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Julie A Pasco
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Australia.,University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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3
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Yu XQ, Luo Q, Kahn C, Grogan P, O'Connell DL, Jemal A. Contrasting temporal trends in lung cancer incidence by socioeconomic status among women in New South Wales, Australia, 1985-2009. Lung Cancer 2017. [PMID: 28625648 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined long-term trends in lung cancer incidence for women by socioeconomic groups in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. METHODS Data on lung cancer incidence for women were extracted from the NSW Cancer Registry database. We divided the study cohort into five quintiles according to an area-based index of education and occupation (IEO) and calculated annual age-standardised incidence rates by IEO quintile for the period 1985-2009. The age-standardised incidence ratio (SIR) was estimated for IEO quintiles and 5-year period of diagnosis using the highest IEO quintile as the reference. RESULTS Overall, lung cancer incidence for women aged 25-69 years increased gradually from 19.8 per 100,000 in 1985 to 25.7 per 100,000 in 2009. The trends by IEO quintile were somewhat comparable from 1985 through to 1995, but from then on rates remained relatively stable for women residing in the highest quintile while increasing for women residing in the remaining four quintiles. Consequently, the SIR for all four of the lower IEO quintiles increased significantly over the 25-year period. For example, the SIR in the lowest IEO quintile increased from 1.16 (95% CI, 0.99-1.37) during 1985-1989 to 1.70 (95% CI, 1.50-1.93) during 2005-2009. The corresponding estimates for women aged 70 years or older showed no clear pattern of socioeconomic gradient. CONCLUSION The increasing gap in lung cancer incidence between women in the highest socioeconomic group and all others suggests that there is a continued need for the broad implementation of tobacco control interventions, so that smoking prevalence is reduced across all segments of the population and the subsequent benefits are shared more equitably across all demographic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qin Yu
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia; Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Qingwei Luo
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia; Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Clare Kahn
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul Grogan
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Cancer Council Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dianne L O'Connell
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia; Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Abramson MJ, Kaushik S, Benke GP, Borg BM, Smith CL, Dharmage SC, Thompson BR. Symptoms and lung function decline in a middle-aged cohort of males and females in Australia. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:1097-103. [PMID: 27307725 PMCID: PMC4887046 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s103817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The European Community Respiratory Health Survey is a major international study designed to assess lung health in adults. This Australian follow-up investigated changes in symptoms between sexes and the roles of asthma, smoking, age, sex, height, and change in body mass index (ΔBMI) on lung function decline (LFD), which is a major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS LFD was measured as the rate of decline over time in FEV1 (mL/year) (ΔFEV1) and FVC (ΔFVC) between 1993 and 2013. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate associations between risk factors and LFD, separately for males and females. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess sex differences and changes in respiratory symptoms over time. RESULTS In Melbourne, 318 subjects (53.8% females) participated. The prevalence of most respiratory symptoms had either remained relatively stable over 20 years or decreased (significantly so for wheeze). The exception was shortness of breath after activity, which had increased. Among the 262 subjects who completed spirometry, current smoking declined from 20.2% to 7.3%. Overall mean (± standard deviation) FEV1 declined by 23.1 (±17.1) and FVC by 22.9 (±20.2) mL/year. Predictors of ΔFEV1 in males were age, maternal smoking, and baseline FEV1; and in females they were age, ΔBMI, baseline FEV1, and pack-years in current smokers. Decline in FVC was predicted by baseline FVC, age, and ΔBMI in both sexes; however, baseline FVC predicted steeper decline in females than males. CONCLUSION Most respiratory symptoms remained stable or decreased over time in both sexes. Age, baseline lung function, and change in BMI were associated with the rate of decline in both sexes. However, obesity and personal smoking appear to put females at higher risk of LFD than males. Health promotion campaigns should particularly target females to prevent COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Abramson
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sonia Kaushik
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geza P Benke
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brigitte M Borg
- Department of Allergy, Immunology & Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine L Smith
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bruce R Thompson
- Department of Allergy, Immunology & Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Scollo M, Bayly M, Wakefield M. Plain packaging: a logical progression for tobacco control in one of the world's 'darkest markets'. Tob Control 2015; 24:ii3-ii8. [PMID: 28407604 PMCID: PMC4392189 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-052048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Australian approach to tobacco control has been a comprehensive one, encompassing mass media campaigns, consumer information, taxation policy, access for smokers to smoking cessation advice and pharmaceutical treatments, protection from exposure to tobacco smoke and regulation of promotion. World-first legislation to standardise the packaging of tobacco was a logical next step to further reduce misleadingly reassuring promotion of a product known for the past 50 years to kill a high proportion of its long-term users. Similarly, refreshed, larger pack warnings which started appearing on packs at the end of 2012 were a logical progression of efforts to ensure that consumers are better informed about the health risks associated with smoking. Regardless of the immediate effects of legislation, further progress will continue to require a comprehensive approach to maintain momentum and ensure that government efforts on one front are not undermined by more vigorous efforts and greater investment by tobacco companies elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Scollo
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Megan Bayly
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie Wakefield
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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6
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Lowe JB, Robinson P, Stoneham M, Campbell S. What did you do at work today? Aust N Z J Public Health 2014; 38:504. [PMID: 25440461 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Hefler M, Chapman S. Disadvantaged youth and smoking in mature tobacco control contexts: a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research. Tob Control 2014; 24:429-35. [PMID: 25326217 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review qualitative research and synthesise findings about socioeconomically disadvantaged and socially marginalised adolescents and young adults in mature tobacco control contexts. DATA SOURCES Searches of PubMed and MEDLINE, additional purposive searches in Google Scholar, PsycINFO, grey literature, specialist journals and reference lists for English language articles published after 2000. Search terms were qualitative, youth or adolescent or young adult, smoking/tobacco and vulnerable populations or disadvantage or socioeconomic inequality. The most recent update of the search was undertaken in January 2014. STUDY SELECTION Twenty articles, reporting on 17 studies, from 902 initial records were included. Inclusion criteria were: qualitative study undertaken in a country in the final stage of the tobacco epidemic and with comprehensive tobacco control measures in place, participants were youth who were socioeconomically disadvantaged or members of an identified subgroup with higher smoking prevalence and/or resided in a geographical area of low socioeconomic status. The target age range was 10-24. DATA EXTRACTION Data were independently extracted by one author, summarised and reviewed, compared and re-reviewed at multiple time points. DATA SYNTHESIS The majority of studies were from the UK, with the remainder from the USA, Australia and New Zealand. The review used a thematic analysis approach, and started with an open question: 'what does qualitative research tell us about disadvantaged young people and smoking?' The synthesis provides insights into the social context of smoking for marginalised and disadvantaged young people, group affiliation and identity, the role of smoking in social capital and sources of cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS Surprisingly few qualitative studies focused exclusively on smoking and disadvantaged young people were found. Future qualitative studies on the intersection between specific psychosocial characteristics associated with disadvantage and increased smoking risk would be of use to inform approaches to reduce socioeconomic differentials in smoking prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita Hefler
- A27-School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon Chapman
- A27-School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Betts KS, Williams GM, Najman JM, Alati R. Generational changes in tobacco use by young women: a cross-generational analysis of mother-daughter dyads. Drug Alcohol Rev 2014; 33:540-7. [PMID: 25091802 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Cross-generational evidence is needed to confirm the decline in young female smoking and to identify factors that impede cessation despite two decades of government intervention. DESIGN AND METHODS Data are from the Mater University Study of Pregnancy, a cross-generational pre-birth cohort study beginning in 1981 in Australia. The sample comprised of 993 mother-daughter dyads, for which mothers were aged 18 ≤ 25 at the baseline measurement and their daughters were between the same ages when assessed 21 years later. We used multinomial logistic regression for clustered data to assess associations between four levels of cross-generationally measured mothers and daughters smoking in early adulthood, and assessed the role of education and depressive symptoms. RESULTS The rate of smoking had declined substantially in the daughters' generation, with mothers having 5.77 (95% confidence interval 4.24, 8.09) and 2.04 (95% confidence interval 1.60, 2.64) times the odds of smoking at heavy and moderate levels, respectively. Smoking across the two cohorts was found to interact with education and depressive symptoms, such that daughters who did not complete secondary school or who had depressive symptoms were at greater risk of smoking than their mothers were 20 years earlier. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Over two generations of mothers and daughters, smoking prevalence and smoking intensity has declined, largely in line with findings from national surveys. The remaining smoking has concentrated heavily among those who did not complete secondary education, and there is evidence that increases in light smoking among the daughters may be related to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim S Betts
- School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Clayforth C, Pettigrew S, Mooney K, Lansdorp-Vogelaar I, Rosenberg M, Slevin T. A cost-effectiveness analysis of online, radio and print tobacco control advertisements targeting 25-39 year-old males. Aust N Z J Public Health 2014; 38:270-4. [PMID: 24750454 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relative cost-effectiveness of various non-television advertising media in encouraging 25-39 year-old male smokers to respond to a cessation-related call to action. Information about how new electronic media compare in effectiveness is important to inform the implementation of future tobacco control media campaigns. METHODS Two testimonial advertisements featuring members of the target group were developed for radio, press and online media. Multiple waves of media activity were scheduled over a period of seven weeks, including an initial integrated period that included all three media and subsequent single media phases that were interspersed with a week of no media activity. The resulting Quit website hits, Quitline telephone calls, and registrations to online and telephone counselling services were compared to advertising costs to determine the relative cost-effectiveness of each media in isolation and the integrated approach. RESULTS The online-only campaign phase was substantially more cost-effective than the other phases, including the integrated approach. CONCLUSIONS This finding is contrary to the current assumption that the use of a consistent message across multiple media simultaneously is the most cost-effective way of reaching and affecting target audiences. IMPLICATIONS Online advertising may be a highly cost-effective channel for low-budget tobacco control media campaigns.
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Provision of smoking cessation services in Australian community pharmacies: a simulated patient study. Int J Clin Pharm 2014; 36:604-14. [PMID: 24718946 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-014-9944-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the rising interest in expanding pharmacists' role in smoking cessation, it is pertinent that community pharmacists be equipped with up-to-date knowledge and competence to provide optimal therapeutic services that meet the demands of various presenting subsets of smokers. OBJECTIVE To investigate and evaluate responses to requests of quitting smoking from 'high risk' smokers seeking assistance and treatment within the pharmacy venue. SETTING Community pharmacies located within Sydney greater metropolitan area, New South Wales, Australia. METHOD A simulated patient methodology was utilised. Two scenarios were developed and enacted by two trained simulated patients in 100 randomly selected pharmacies. Scenario 1 involved a 28-year-old pregnant female who presents with a request for help in quitting smoking. Scenario 2 involved a 22-year-old female requesting a quit smoking product for her 55-year-old father who has cardiovascular problems. A standardised scoring key was designed to assess the performance of pharmacists during each encounter. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The primary outcome measure was the supply/non-supply of nicotine replacement products and the corresponding provision of counselling and advice to facilitate smoking cessation. RESULTS A product(s) was supplied in 42 % of the 100 encounters, while a product was adequately suggested pending doctor's referral in 45 %. In 13 % of the cases, a product was not supplied based on inappropriate notions of nicotine replacement therapy not being safe in the presented scenario. Pharmacists performed better in dispensing scores (counselling about product use) as compared to pre-dispensing scores (eliciting patient history). ANOVA followed by regression analysis indicated that the estimated age and gender of the pharmacist/staff were significant predictors affecting total scores. CONCLUSION Whilst pharmacists' counselling about smoking cessation aids seems satisfactory, further education is required to improve practice standards in terms of matching a patient's history and smoking status to an appropriate product.
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Ilomäki J, Gnjidic D, Le Couteur DG, Bell JS, Blyth FM, Handelsman DJ, Cumming RG, Seibel MJ, Waite LM, Naganathan V, Hilmer SN. Alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking among community-dwelling older Australian men: the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project. Australas J Ageing 2014; 33:185-92. [PMID: 24521471 DOI: 10.1111/ajag.12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe the prevalence and correlates of alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking among older Australian men. METHOD Self-reported alcohol and tobacco use was assessed among a random sample of community-dwelling men aged ≥70 years living in Sydney (n = 1705) from 2005 to 2007. Logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors associated with alcohol and tobacco use. RESULTS The prevalence of heavy/excessive drinking was 19.2%, daily drinking 33.7%, and binge drinking 14.1%. Daily drinking was associated with chronic pain (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.07-1.78). Binge drinking was associated with anxiety (OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.05-3.54) and being widowed (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.11-2.73). Six per cent of men were current smokers and 56.7% were former smokers. Former smoking was associated with polypharmacy (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.14-1.91) and each additional comorbid condition (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.03-1.19). CONCLUSIONS Nearly one-fifth of older men drank heavily or excessively. This highlights the need for public health initiatives to reduce alcohol consumption in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Ilomäki
- Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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12
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Saba M, Bittoun R, Kritikos V, Saini B. Smoking cessation in community pharmacy practice-a clinical information needs analysis. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:449. [PMID: 24058894 PMCID: PMC3777019 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background With the emerging role of pharmacists in implementing smoking cessation services and the recent evidence about smoking cessation pharmacotherapies, a needs analysis to assess baseline knowledge about current smoking cessation practice is needed; hence, training and development in this area can target possible ‘gaps’. Objective This study aimed at exploring pharmacy students’ knowledge about and attitudes toward smoking cessation, as compared to practicing community pharmacists and smoking cessation educators. The overall objective was to uncover underlying ‘gaps’ in pharmacy-based smoking cessation practice, particularly clinical gaps. Setting Final-year pharmacy students at the University of Sydney, practicing community pharmacists and smoking cessation educators in Australia. Method As no previous standard pharmacist-focused smoking cessation knowledge questionnaires exist, a review of the literature informed the development of such a questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered to a cohort of fourth-year pharmacy students at the University of Sydney, practicing pharmacists and smoking cessation educators. Data analysis was performed using Predictive Analytics SoftWare (PASW® Statistics 18). Mean total scores, independent t-tests, analysis of variances and exploratory factor analysis were performed. Main outcome measure To determine areas of major clinical deficits about current evidence related to smoking cessation interventions at the pharmacy level. Results Responses from 250 students, 51 pharmacists and 20 educators were obtained. Smoking educators scored significantly higher than pharmacists and students (P < .05), while score differences in the latter two groups were not statistically significant (P > .05). All groups scored high on ‘general’ knowledge questions as compared to specialised pharmacologic and pharmacotherapeutic questions. All respondents demonstrated positive attitudes toward the implications of smoking cessation. Factor analysis of the 24-item knowledge section extracted 12 items loading on 5 factors accounting for 53% of the total variance. Conclusions The results provide a valid indication of ‘gaps’ in the practice of up-to-date smoking cessation services among Australian pharmacy professionals, particularly in clinical expertise areas involving assessment of nicotine dependence and indications, dosages, adverse effects, contraindications, drug interactions and combinations of available pharmacotherapies. These gaps should be addressed, and the results should inform the design, implementation and evaluation of a pharmacy-based educational training program targeting current clinical issues in smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Saba
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
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