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Dziech A. Identification of Wolf-Dog Hybrids in Europe – An Overview of Genetic Studies. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.760160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant development of genetic tools during the last decades provided opportunities for more detailed analyses and deeper understanding of species hybridization. New genetic markers allowed for reliable identification of admixed individuals deriving from recent hybridization events (a few generations) and those originating from crossings up to 19 generations back. Implementation of microsatellites (STRs) together with Bayesian clustering provided abundant knowledge regarding presence of admixed individuals in numerous populations and helped understand the problematic nature of studying hybridization (i.a., defining a reliable thresholds for recognizing individuals as admixed or obtaining well-grounded results representing actual proportion of hybrids in a population). Nevertheless, their utilization is limited to recent crossbreeding events. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) proved to be more sensible tools for admixture analyses furnishing more reliable knowledge, especially for older generation backcrosses. Small sets of Ancestry Informative Markers (AIMs) of both types of markers were effective enough to implement in monitoring programs, however, SNPs seem to be more appropriate because of their ability to identify admixed individuals up to 3rd generations. The main aim of this review is to summarize abundant knowledge regarding identification of wolf-dog hybrids in Europe and discuss the most relevant problems relating to the issue, together with advantages and disadvantages of implemented markers and approaches.
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2
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Can species distribution models and molecular tools help unravel disjunct distribution of Rhododendron arboreum? J Genet 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-021-01270-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Robust Benchmark Structural Variant Calls of An Asian Using the State-of-art Long Fragment Sequencing Technologies. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 20:192-204. [PMID: 33662625 PMCID: PMC9510867 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The importance of structural variants (SVs) for human phenotypes and diseases is now recognized. Although a variety of SV detection platforms and strategies that vary in sensitivity and specificity have been developed, few benchmarking procedures are available to confidently assess their performances in biological and clinical research. To facilitate the validation and application of these SV detection approaches, we established an Asian reference material by characterizing the genome of an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-immortalized B lymphocyte line along with identified benchmark regions and high-confidence SV calls. We established a high-confidence SV callset with 8938 SVs by integrating four alignment-based SV callers, including 109× Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) continuous long reads (CLRs), 22× PacBio circular consensus sequencing (CCS) reads, 104× Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) long reads, and 114× Bionano optical mapping platform, and one de novo assembly-based SV caller using CCS reads. A total of 544 randomly selected SVs were validated by PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing, demonstrating the robustness of our SV calls. Combining trio-binning-based haplotype assemblies, we established an SV benchmark for identifying false negatives and false positives by constructing the continuous high-confidence regions (CHCRs), which covered 1.46 gigabase pairs (Gb) and 6882 SVs supported by at least one diploid haplotype assembly. Establishing high-confidence SV calls for a benchmark sample that has been characterized by multiple technologies provides a valuable resource for investigating SVs in human biology, disease, and clinical research.
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Pieper S, Dorken M, Freeland J. Genetic structure in hybrids and progenitors provides insight into processes underlying an invasive cattail (Typha × glauca) hybrid zone. Heredity (Edinb) 2020; 124:714-725. [PMID: 32203248 PMCID: PMC7239851 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-020-0307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional models of hybrid zones have assumed relatively low hybrid fitness, and thus focussed more on interspecific gene flow than on hybrid dispersal. Therefore, when hybrids have high fitness and the potential for autonomous dispersal, we have limited understanding of whether hybrid dispersal or repeated local hybrid formation is more important for maintaining hybrid zones. The invasive hybrid cattail Typha × glauca occupies an extensive hybrid zone in northeastern North America where it is sympatric with its progenitors T. latifolia and T. angustifolia. We characterized genetic diversity and genetic structure of the three taxa across a broad spatial scale where the maternal parent is relatively rare, and tested the hypothesis that the hybrid shows stronger evidence of gene flow than its progenitor species, particularly among disturbed sites (ditches) compared with established wetlands. Support for this hypothesis would suggest that dispersal, rather than repeated local formation, is more important for maintaining hybrid zones. Within each taxon, genetic differentiation among ditches was comparable to that among wetlands, although clonal richness was consistently greater in ditches, suggesting more frequent seed establishment. Genetic structure across sites was more pronounced in the hybrid compared with either progenitor species. Overall, our data reflect relatively low gene flow in hybrids, and suggest that hybrids are more likely to be created in situ than to be introduced from other sites. Despite the high fitness of invasive T. × glauca and its potential for autonomy, local processes appear more important than dispersal in maintaining this hybrid zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pieper
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Marcel Dorken
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Joanna Freeland
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada.
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada.
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5
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Bateta R, Saarman NP, Okeyo WA, Dion K, Johnson T, Mireji PO, Okoth S, Malele I, Murilla G, Aksoy S, Caccone A. Phylogeography and population structure of the tsetse fly Glossina pallidipes in Kenya and the Serengeti ecosystem. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0007855. [PMID: 32092056 PMCID: PMC7058365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glossina pallidipes is the main vector of animal African trypanosomiasis and a potential vector of human African trypanosomiasis in eastern Africa where it poses a large economic burden and public health threat. Vector control efforts have succeeded in reducing infection rates, but recent resurgence in tsetse fly population density raises concerns that vector control programs require improved strategic planning over larger geographic and temporal scales. Detailed knowledge of population structure and dispersal patterns can provide the required information to improve planning. To this end, we investigated the phylogeography and population structure of G. pallidipes over a large spatial scale in Kenya and northern Tanzania using 11 microsatellite loci genotyped in 600 individuals. Our results indicate distinct genetic clusters east and west of the Great Rift Valley, and less distinct clustering of the northwest separate from the southwest (Serengeti ecosystem). Estimates of genetic differentiation and first-generation migration indicated high genetic connectivity within genetic clusters even across large geographic distances of more than 300 km in the east, but only occasional migration among clusters. Patterns of connectivity suggest isolation by distance across genetic breaks but not within genetic clusters, and imply a major role for river basins in facilitating gene flow in G. pallidipes. Effective population size (Ne) estimates and results from Approximate Bayesian Computation further support that there has been recent G. pallidipes population size fluctuations in the Serengeti ecosystem and the northwest during the last century, but also suggest that the full extent of differences in genetic diversity and population dynamics between the east and the west was established over evolutionary time periods (tentatively on the order of millions of years). Findings provide further support that the Serengeti ecosystem and northwestern Kenya represent independent tsetse populations. Additionally, we present evidence that three previously recognized populations (the Mbeere-Meru, Central Kenya and Coastal "fly belts") act as a single population and should be considered as a single unit in vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Bateta
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Kikuyu, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Norah P. Saarman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Winnie A. Okeyo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Kikuyu, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Kirstin Dion
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Thomas Johnson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Paul O. Mireji
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Kikuyu, Nairobi, Kenya
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Sylvance Okoth
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Kikuyu, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Imna Malele
- Vector and Vector Borne Diseases Research Institute, Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - Grace Murilla
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Kikuyu, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Serap Aksoy
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Adalgisa Caccone
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, Connecticut, United States of America
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6
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Khan G, Franco FF, Silva GAR, Bombonato JR, Machado M, Alonso DP, Ribolla PEM, Albach DC, Moraes EM. Maintaining genetic integrity with high promiscuity: Frequent hybridization with low introgression in multiple hybrid zones of Melocactus (Cactaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 142:106642. [PMID: 31605812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hybridization and introgression between species in contact/hybrid zones provide important insight into the genetic and ecological mechanisms of speciation. Cactaceae represents the most important radiation of true succulent angiosperms in the New World. This diversification continues to date, with species experiencing few intrinsic barriers to gene flow and the frequent occurrence of natural hybridization. Here, we used RAD-Seq single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data to investigate the genetic architecture of hybridization in four hybrid zones hosting Melocactus concinnus and four congeneric species (M. ernestii, M. glaucescens, M. paucispinus, and M. zehntneri). Our results revealed that M. concinnus is highly promiscuous in sympatric areas and hybridizes with various species distributed in Morro do Chapéu (Diamantina Plateau, Bahia), eastern Brazil. However, the contemporary genomic introgression among the investigated species is very low (c. 2-5%), confirming that even in the face of hybridization, Melocactus species maintain their genetic integrity. The genomic cline approach showed a large fraction of loci deviating from a model of neutral introgression, where most of the loci are consistent with selection favoring parental genotypes. Our results suggest the occurrence of weak premating but strong postmating reproductive isolation in the analyzed cactus species. Furthermore, as most of the Melocactus species are restricted in distribution, hybridization might negatively affect their integrity if hybrids replace the parental species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulzar Khan
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia, Brazil
| | - Fernando F Franco
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia, Brazil
| | - Gislaine A R Silva
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia, Brazil
| | - Juliana R Bombonato
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Comparada, Brazil
| | - Marlon Machado
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Diego P Alonso
- Biotechnology Institute (IBTEC) & Biosciences Institute at Botucatu (IBB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo E M Ribolla
- Biotechnology Institute (IBTEC) & Biosciences Institute at Botucatu (IBB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dirk C Albach
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Evandro M Moraes
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia, Brazil.
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7
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Yang M, Xu C, Duchesne P, Ma Q, Yin G, Fang Y, Lu F, Zhang W. Landscape genetic structure of Scirpus mariqueter reveals a putatively adaptive differentiation under strong gene flow in estuaries. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:3059-3074. [PMID: 30962881 PMCID: PMC6434575 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estuarine organisms grow in highly heterogeneous habitats, and their genetic differentiation is driven by selective and neutral processes as well as population colonization history. However, the relative importance of the processes that underlie genetic structure is still puzzling. Scirpus mariqueter is a perennial grass almost limited in the Changjiang River estuary and its adjacent Qiantang River estuary. Here, using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), a moderate-high level of genetic differentiation among populations (range F ST: 0.0310-0.3325) was showed despite large ongoing dispersal. FLOCK assigned all individuals to 13 clusters and revealed a complex genetic structure. Some genetic clusters were limited in peripheries compared with very mixing constitution in center populations, suggesting local adaptation was more likely to occur in peripheral populations. 21 candidate outliers under positive selection were detected, and further, the differentiation patterns correlated with geographic distance, salinity difference, and colonization history were analyzed with or without the outliers. Combined results of AMOVA and IBD based on different dataset, it was found that the effects of geographic distance and population colonization history on isolation seemed to be promoted by divergent selection. However, none-liner IBE pattern indicates the effects of salinity were overwhelmed by spatial distance or other ecological processes in certain areas and also suggests that salinity was not the only selective factor driving population differentiation. These results together indicate that geographic distance, salinity difference, and colonization history co-contributed in shaping the genetic structure of S. mariqueter and that their relative importance was correlated with spatial scale and environment gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- College of AgricultureYangtze UniversityJingzhouChina
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, and Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River EstuaryFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chengyuan Xu
- School of Health, Medical and Applied SciencesCentral Queensland UniversityBundabergQueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Qiang Ma
- Shanghai Chongming Dongtan National Nature ReserveShanghaiChina
| | - Ganqiang Yin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, and Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River EstuaryFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yang Fang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, and Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River EstuaryFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Fan Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, and Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River EstuaryFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wenju Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, and Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River EstuaryFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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8
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Mota MR, Pinheiro F, Leal BSS, Wendt T, Palma-Silva C. The role of hybridization and introgression in maintaining species integrity and cohesion in naturally isolated inselberg bromeliad populations. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:122-132. [PMID: 30195257 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization is a widespread phenomenon present in numerous lineages across the tree of life. Its evolutionary consequences range from effects on the origin and maintenance, to the loss of biodiversity. We studied genetic diversity and intra- and interspecific gene flow between two sympatric populations of closely-related species, Pitcairnia flammea and P. corcovadensis (Bromeliaceae), which are adapted to naturally fragmented Neotropical inselbergs, based on nuclear and plastidial DNA. Our main results indicate a strong reproductive isolation barrier, although low levels of interspecific gene flow were observed in both sympatric populations. The low rates of intraspecific gene flow observed for both P. corcovadensis and P. flammea populations corroborate the increasing body of evidence that inselberg bromeliad species are maintained as discrete evolutionary units despite the presence of low genetic connectivity. Nuclear patterns of genetic diversity and gene flow revealed that hybridization and introgression might not cause species extinction via genetic assimilation of the rare P. corcovadensis. In the face of reduced intraspecific gene exchange, hybridization and introgression may be important aspects of the Pitcairnia diversification process, with a positive evolutionary impact at the bromeliad community level, and thus contribute to increasing and maintaining genetic diversity in local isolated inselberg populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Mota
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - F Pinheiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - B S S Leal
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - T Wendt
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C Palma-Silva
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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9
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Caccavo JA, Papetti C, Wetjen M, Knust R, Ashford JR, Zane L. Along-shelf connectivity and circumpolar gene flow in Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarctica). Sci Rep 2018; 8:17856. [PMID: 30552350 PMCID: PMC6294782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarctica) is a critically important forage species with a circumpolar distribution and is unique among other notothenioid species for its wholly pelagic life cycle. Previous studies have provided mixed evidence of population structure over regional and circumpolar scales. The aim of the present study was to test the recent population hypothesis for Antarctic silverfish, which emphasizes the interplay between life history and hydrography in shaping connectivity. A total of 1067 individuals were collected over 25 years from different locations on a circumpolar scale. Samples were genotyped at fifteen microsatellites to assess population differentiation and genetic structuring using clustering methods, F-statistics, and hierarchical analysis of variance. A lack of differentiation was found between locations connected by the Antarctic Slope Front Current (ASF), indicative of high levels of gene flow. However, gene flow was significantly reduced at the South Orkney Islands and the western Antarctic Peninsula where the ASF is absent. This pattern of gene flow emphasized the relevance of large-scale circulation as a mechanism for circumpolar connectivity. Chaotic genetic patchiness characterized population structure over time, with varying patterns of differentiation observed between years, accompanied by heterogeneous standard length distributions. The present study supports a more nuanced version of the genetic panmixia hypothesis that reflects physical-biological interactions over the life history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilda Alicia Caccavo
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via G. Colombo 3, Padua, 35121, Italy.
| | - Chiara Papetti
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via G. Colombo 3, Padua, 35121, Italy
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Piazzale Flaminio 9, Rome, 00196, Italy
| | - Maj Wetjen
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau, 76829, Germany
| | - Rainer Knust
- Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute, Am Alten Hafen 26, Bremerhaven, 27568, Germany
| | - Julian R Ashford
- Department of Ocean, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Center for Quantitative Fisheries Ecology, Old Dominion University, 800 West 46th Street, Norfolk, VA, 23508, United States
| | - Lorenzo Zane
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via G. Colombo 3, Padua, 35121, Italy
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Piazzale Flaminio 9, Rome, 00196, Italy
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10
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Okeyo WA, Saarman NP, Bateta R, Dion K, Mengual M, Mireji PO, Ouma C, Okoth S, Murilla G, Aksoy S, Caccone A. Genetic Differentiation of Glossina pallidipes Tsetse Flies in Southern Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 99:945-953. [PMID: 30105964 PMCID: PMC6159567 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The tsetse fly Glossina pallidipes, the major vector of the parasite that causes animal African trypanosomiasis in Kenya, has been subject to intense control measures with only limited success. The G. pallidipes population dynamics and dispersal patterns that underlie limited success in vector control campaigns remain unresolved, and knowledge on genetic connectivity can provide insights, and thereby improve control and monitoring efforts. We therefore investigated the population structure and estimated migration and demographic parameters in G. pallidipes using genotypic data from 11 microsatellite loci scored in 250 tsetse flies collected from eight localities in Kenya. Clustering analysis identified two genetically distinct eastern and western clusters (mean between-cluster F ST = 0.202) separated by the Great Rift Valley. We also found evidence of admixture and migration between the eastern and western clusters, isolation by distance, and a widespread signal of inbreeding. We detected differences in population dynamics and dispersal patterns between the western and eastern clusters. These included lower genetic diversity (allelic richness; 7.48 versus 10.99), higher relatedness (percent related individuals; 21.4% versus 9.1%), and greater genetic differentiation (mean within-cluster F ST; 0.183 versus 0.018) in the western than the eastern cluster. Findings are consistent with the presence of smaller, less well-connected populations in Western relative to eastern Kenya. These data suggest that recent anthropogenic influences such as land use changes and vector control programs have influenced population dynamics in G. pallidipes in Kenya, and that vector control efforts should include some region-specific strategies to effectively control this disease vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie A. Okeyo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Kisumu, Kenya
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, Kenya
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Norah P. Saarman
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rosemary Bateta
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kirstin Dion
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael Mengual
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Paul O. Mireji
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, Kenya
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Center for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Collins Ouma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Sylvance Okoth
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Grace Murilla
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, Kenya
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Serap Aksoy
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Adalgisa Caccone
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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11
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Riss S, Arthofer W, Steiner FM, Schlick-Steiner BC, Pichler M, Stadler P, Stelzer CP. Do genome size differences within Brachionus asplanchnoidis (Rotifera, Monogononta) cause reproductive barriers among geographic populations? HYDROBIOLOGIA 2017; 796:59-75. [PMID: 34764495 PMCID: PMC7611973 DOI: 10.1007/s10750-016-2872-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Genome size in the rotifer Brachionus asplanchnoidis, which belongs to the B. plicatilis species complex, is greatly enlarged and extremely variable (205-407 Mbp). Such variation raises the question whether large genome size differences among individuals might cause reproductive barriers, which could trigger speciation within this group by restricting gene flow across populations. To test this hypothesis, we used B. asplanchnoidis clones from three geographic populations and conducted assays to quantify reproductive isolation among clones differing in genome size, and we examined the population structure of all three populations using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). AFLPs indicated that these populations were genetically separated, but we also found hints of natural gene flow. Clones from different populations with genome size differences of up to 1.7-fold could interbred successfully in the laboratory and give rise to viable, fertile 'hybrid' offspring. Genome sizes of these 'hybrids' were intermediate between those of their parents, and fitness in terms of male production, population growth, and egg development time was not negatively affected. Thus, we found no evidence for reproductive isolation or nascent speciation within B. asplanchnoidis. Instead, our results suggest that gene flow within this species can occur despite a remarkably large range of genome sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Riss
- Research Institute for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondseestr. 9, 5310 Mondsee, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Arthofer
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian M Steiner
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Maria Pichler
- Research Institute for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondseestr. 9, 5310 Mondsee, Austria
| | - Peter Stadler
- Research Institute for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondseestr. 9, 5310 Mondsee, Austria
| | - Claus-Peter Stelzer
- Research Institute for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondseestr. 9, 5310 Mondsee, Austria
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12
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Genetic diversity and population structure of the tsetse fly Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (Diptera: Glossinidae) in Northern Uganda: Implications for vector control. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005485. [PMID: 28453513 PMCID: PMC5425221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Uganda is the only country where the chronic and acute forms of human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) or sleeping sickness both occur and are separated by < 100 km in areas north of Lake Kyoga. In Uganda, Glossina fuscipes fuscipes is the main vector of the Trypanosoma parasites responsible for these diseases as well for the animal African Trypanosomiasis (AAT), or Nagana. We used highly polymorphic microsatellite loci and a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) marker to provide fine scale spatial resolution of genetic structure of G. f. fuscipes from 42 sampling sites from the northern region of Uganda where a merger of the two disease belts is feared. Based on microsatellite analyses, we found that G. f. fuscipes in northern Uganda are structured into three distinct genetic clusters with varying degrees of interconnectivity among them. Based on genetic assignment and spatial location, we grouped the sampling sites into four genetic units corresponding to northwestern Uganda in the Albert Nile drainage, northeastern Uganda in the Lake Kyoga drainage, western Uganda in the Victoria Nile drainage, and a transition zone between the two northern genetic clusters characterized by high level of genetic admixture. An analysis using HYBRIDLAB supported a hybrid swarm model as most consistent with tsetse genotypes in these admixed samples. Results of mtDNA analyses revealed the presence of 30 haplotypes representing three main haplogroups, whose location broadly overlaps with the microsatellite defined clusters. Migration analyses based on microsatellites point to moderate migration among the northern units located in the Albert Nile, Achwa River, Okole River, and Lake Kyoga drainages, but not between the northern units and the Victoria Nile drainage in the west. Effective population size estimates were variable with low to moderate sizes in most populations and with evidence of recent population bottlenecks, especially in the northeast unit of the Lake Kyoga drainage. Our microsatellite and mtDNA based analyses indicate that G. f. fuscipes movement along the Achwa and Okole rivers may facilitate northwest expansion of the Rhodesiense disease belt in Uganda. We identified tsetse migration corridors and recommend a rolling carpet approach from south of Lake Kyoga northward to minimize disease dispersal and prevent vector re-colonization. Additionally, our findings highlight the need for continuing tsetse monitoring efforts during and after control. Northern Uganda is an epidemiologically important region affected by human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) because it harbors both forms of the HAT disease (T. b. gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense). The geographic location of this region creates the risk that these distinct foci could merge, which would complicate diagnosis and treatment, and may result in recombination between the two parasite strains with as yet unknown consequences. Both strains require a tsetse fly vector for transmission, and in Uganda, G. f. fuscipes is the major vector of HAT. Controlling the vector remains one of the most effective strategies for controlling trypanosome parasites. However, vector control efforts may not be sustainable in terms of long term reduction in G. f. fuscipes populations due to population rebounds. Population genetics data can allow us to determine the likely source of population rebounds and to establish a more robust control strategy. In this study, we build on a previous broad spatial survey of G. f. fuscipes genetic structure in Uganda by adding more than 30 novel sampling sites that are strategically spaced across a region of northern Uganda that, for historical and political reasons, was severely understudied and faces particularly high disease risk. We identify natural population breaks, migration corridors and a hybrid zone with evidence of free interbreeding of G. f. fuscipes across the geographic region that spans the two HAT disease foci. We also find evidence of low effective population sizes and population bottlenecks in some areas that have been subjects of past control but remain regions of high tsetse density, which stresses the risk of population rebounds if monitoring is not explicitly incorporated into the control strategy. We use these results to make suggestions that will enhance the design and implementation of control activities in northern Uganda.
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Sun M, Zhang C, Zhang X, Fan Y, Fu K, Wu W, Bai S, Zhang J, Peng Y, Huang L, Yan Y, Ma X. AFLP assessment of genetic variability and relationships in an Asian wild germplasm collection of Dactylis glomerata L. C R Biol 2017; 340:145-155. [PMID: 28215522 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), an excellent perennial and cool season forage species distributed in most temperate regions, has been cultivated widely in Western China. Amplified fragment length polymorphism markers were employed to determine the genetic variability and population structure among 41 indigenous orchardgrass accessions from Central Asia and Western China. On the basis of 531 polymorphic fragments resulted from eight primer combinations, polymorphic information content (PIC), marker index (MI) and resolving power (RP) averaged 0.252, 16.34 and 25.27 per primer combination, respectively, demonstrating the high efficiency and reliability of the markers used. We found relatively low differentiation (Fst=0.135) for three geographical groups, where Central Asia (CA) and Southwest China (SWC) group exhibited higher intra-population diversity (He=0.20 and 0.21) than that of the Xinjiang (XJ) group (He=0.14). We also did not detect a clear pattern of isolation by distance with a low value of r=0.301 in the Mantel test. STRUCTURE, FLOCK, UPGMA clustering and PCoA analyses showed that CA group is more related to the SWC Group rather than to the XJ Group. In addition, this study strongly suggests that geographical and ecological environmental factors together could better explain the genetic differentiation between different geographical regions than geographic isolation alone, especially for Xinjiang accessions. The present study also could support that Southwest China might be the internal diversity center of D. glomerata in China. The knowledge about the genetic variability of the Asian accessions examined contributes to rapid characterization, defining gene pools of wild accessions, and selecting appropriate germplasms for plant improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sun
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Chenglin Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - XinQuan Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yan Fan
- Chongqing Municipal Institute of Animal Husbandry, Chongqing 400039, China
| | - Kaixin Fu
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Wendan Wu
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shiqie Bai
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Linkai Huang
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yanhong Yan
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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Duchesne P, Turgeon J. Interpreting the flock algorithm: a reply to Anderson & Barry (2015). Mol Ecol Resour 2016; 16:13-6. [PMID: 26768196 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anderson & Barry (Molecular Ecology Resources, 2015, 10, 1020-1030) compared a reprogrammed version of flock (Duchesne & Turgeon , Molecular Ecology Resources, 2009, 9, 1333-1344), flockture, to a particular model of structure (Pritchard , Genetics, 2000, 155, 945-959) that they propose is equivalent to flock, a non-MCMC, non-Bayesian algorithm. They conclude that structure performs better than flockture at clustering individuals from simulated populations with very low level of differentiation (FST c. 0.008) based on 15 microsatellites or 96 SNPs. We rather consider that both algorithms failed, with proportions of correct allocations lower than 50%. The authors also noted the slightly better performance of flockture with SNPs at intermediate FST values (c. 0.02-0.04) but did not comment. Finally, we disagree with the way the processing time of each program was compared. When compared on the basis of a run leading to a clustering solution, the main output of any clustering algorithm, flock, is, as users can readily experience, much faster. In all, we feel that flock performs at least as well as structure as a clustering algorithm. Moreover, flock has two major assets: high speed and clear, well validated, rules to estimate K, the number of populations. It thus provides a valuable addition to the set of tools at the disposal of the many researchers dealing with real empirical data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Duchesne
- Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada, G1V 0A6
| | - J Turgeon
- Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada, G1V 0A6
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Hodac̆ L, Ulum FB, Opfermann N, Breidenbach N, Hojsgaard D, Tjitrosoedirdjo SS, Vornam B, Finkeldey R, Hörandl E. Population Genetic Structure and Reproductive Strategy of the Introduced Grass Centotheca lappacea in Tropical Land-Use Systems in Sumatra. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147633. [PMID: 26807958 PMCID: PMC4726506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive transformation of lowland rainforest into oil palm and rubber monocultures is the most common land-use practice in Sumatra (Indonesia), accompanied by invasion of weeds. In the Jambi province, Centotheca lappacea is one of the most abundant alien grass species in plantations and in jungle rubber (an extensively used agroforest), but largely missing in natural rainforests. Here, we investigated putative genetic differentiation and signatures for adaptation in the introduced area. We studied reproductive mode and ploidy level as putative factors for invasiveness of the species. We sampled 19 populations in oil palm and rubber monocultures and in jungle rubber in two regions (Bukit Duabelas and Harapan). Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) revealed a high diversity of individual genotypes and only a weak differentiation among populations (FST = 0.173) and between the two regions (FST = 0.065). There was no significant genetic differentiation between the three land-use systems. The metapopulation of C. lappacea consists of five genetic partitions with high levels of admixture; all partitions appeared in both regions, but with different proportions. Within the Bukit Duabelas region we observed significant isolation-by-distance. Nine AFLP loci (5.3% of all loci) were under natural diversifying selection. All studied populations of C. lappacea were diploid, outcrossing and self-incompatible, without any hints of apomixis. The estimated residence time of c. 100 years coincides with the onset of rubber and oil palm planting in Sumatra. In the colonization process, the species is already in a phase of establishment, which may be enhanced by efficient selection acting on a highly diverse gene pool. In the land-use systems, seed dispersal might be enhanced by adhesive spikelets. At present, the abundance of established populations in intensively managed land-use systems might provide opportunities for rapid dispersal of C. lappacea across rural landscapes in Sumatra, while the invasion potential in rainforest ecosystems appears to be moderate as long as they remain undisturbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Hodac̆
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium), Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fuad Bahrul Ulum
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium), Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Opfermann
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium), Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Natalie Breidenbach
- Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Diego Hojsgaard
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium), Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Barbara Vornam
- Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Finkeldey
- Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elvira Hörandl
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium), Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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16
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Twyford AD, Kidner CA, Ennos RA. Maintenance of species boundaries in a Neotropical radiation of Begonia. Mol Ecol 2016; 24:4982-93. [PMID: 26301313 PMCID: PMC4600226 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A major goal of evolutionary biology is to determine the mechanisms generating biodiversity. In Begonia, one of the largest plant genera (1900+ species), it has been postulated that the high number of endemic species is a by-product of low gene flow among populations, which predisposes the group to speciation. However, this model of divergence requires that reproductive barriers accumulate rapidly among diverging species that overlap in their geographic ranges, otherwise speciation will be opposed by homogenizing gene flow in zones of secondary contact. Here, we test the outcomes of secondary contact in Begonia by genotyping multiple sympatric sites with 12 nuclear and seven plastid loci. We show that three sites of secondary contact between B. heracleifolia and B. nelumbiifolia are highly structured, mostly containing parental genotypes, with few F1 hybrids. A sympatric site between B. heracleifolia and B. sericoneura contains a higher proportion of F1s, but little evidence of introgression. The lack of later-generation hybrids contrasts with that documented in many other plant taxa, where introgression is extensive. Our results, in conjunction with previous genetic work, show that Begonia demonstrate properties making them exceptionally prone to speciation, at multiple stages along the divergence continuum. Not only are populations weakly connected by gene flow, promoting allopatric speciation, but species often show strong reproductive barriers in secondary contact. Whether similar mechanisms contribute to diversification in other large genera remains to be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex D Twyford
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK.,Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, UK.,Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JH, UK
| | - Catherine A Kidner
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, UK.,Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JH, UK
| | - Richard A Ennos
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
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17
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Laporte M, Perrier C, Magnan P, Berrebi P. Genetic evidence of recent migration among isolated-by-sea populations of the freshwater blenny (Salaria fluviatilis). CONSERV GENET 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-015-0791-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Morphological and genetic variation in Cisco (Coregonus artedi) and Shortjaw Cisco (C. zenithicus): multiple origins of Shortjaw Cisco in inland lakes require a lake-specific conservation approach. CONSERV GENET 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-015-0759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Vonhof MJ, Russell AL, Miller-Butterworth CM. Range-Wide Genetic Analysis of Little Brown Bat (Myotis lucifugus) Populations: Estimating the Risk of Spread of White-Nose Syndrome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128713. [PMID: 26154307 PMCID: PMC4495924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) is one of the most widespread bat species in North America and is experiencing severe population declines because of an emerging fungal disease, white-nose syndrome (WNS). To manage and conserve this species effectively it is important to understand patterns of gene flow and population connectivity to identify possible barriers to disease transmission. However, little is known about the population genetic structure of little brown bats, and to date, no studies have investigated population structure across their entire range. We examined mitochondrial DNA and nuclear microsatellites in 637 little brown bats (including all currently recognized subspecific lineages) from 29 locations across North America, to assess levels of genetic variation and population differentiation across the range of the species, including areas affected by WNS and those currently unaffected. We identified considerable spatial variation in patterns of female dispersal and significant genetic variation between populations in eastern versus western portions of the range. Overall levels of nuclear genetic differentiation were low, and there is no evidence for any major barriers to gene flow across their range. However, patterns of mtDNA differentiation are highly variable, with high ΦST values between most sample pairs (including between all western samples, between western and eastern samples, and between some eastern samples), while low mitochondrial differentiation was observed within two groups of samples found in central and eastern regions of North America. Furthermore, the Alaskan population was highly differentiated from all others, and western populations were characterized by isolation by distance while eastern populations were not. These data raise the possibility that the current patterns of spread of WNS observed in eastern North America may not apply to the entire range and that there may be broad-scale spatial variation in the risk of WNS transmission and occurrence if the disease continues to spread west.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten J. Vonhof
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States of America
- Environmental and Sustainability Studies Program, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Amy L. Russell
- Department of Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan, United States of America
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20
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Vonhof MJ, Russell AL. Genetic approaches to the conservation of migratory bats: a study of the eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis). PeerJ 2015; 3:e983. [PMID: 26038736 PMCID: PMC4451038 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Documented fatalities of bats at wind turbines have raised serious concerns about the future impacts of increased wind power development on populations of migratory bat species. However, for most bat species we have no knowledge of the size of populations and their demographic trends, the degree of structuring into discrete subpopulations, and whether different subpopulations use spatially segregated migratory routes. Here, we utilize genetic data from eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis), one of the species most highly affected by wind power development in North America, to (1) evaluate patterns of population structure across the landscape, (2) estimate effective population size (Ne ), and (3) assess signals of growth or decline in population size. Using data on both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA variation, we demonstrate that this species forms a single, panmictic population across their range with no evidence for the historical use of divergent migratory pathways by any portion of the population. Further, using coalescent estimates we estimate that the effective size of this population is in the hundreds of thousands to millions of individuals. The high levels of gene flow and connectivity across the population of eastern red bats indicate that monitoring and management of eastern red bats must integrate information across the range of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten J. Vonhof
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
- Environmental and Sustainability Studies Program, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Amy L. Russell
- Department of Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, USA
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21
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Anderson EC, Barry PD. Interpreting the flock algorithm from a statistical perspective. Mol Ecol Resour 2015; 15:1020-30. [PMID: 25913195 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We show that the algorithm in the program flock (Duchesne & Turgeon 2009) can be interpreted as an estimation procedure based on a model essentially identical to the structure (Pritchard et al. 2000) model with no admixture and without correlated allele frequency priors. Rather than using MCMC, the flock algorithm searches for the maximum a posteriori estimate of this structure model via a simulated annealing algorithm with a rapid cooling schedule (namely, the exponent on the objective function →∞). We demonstrate the similarities between the two programs in a two-step approach. First, to enable rapid batch processing of many simulated data sets, we modified the source code of structure to use the flock algorithm, producing the program flockture. With simulated data, we confirmed that results obtained with flock and flockture are very similar (though flockture is some 200 times faster). Second, we simulated multiple large data sets under varying levels of population differentiation for both microsatellite and SNP genotypes. We analysed them with flockture and structure and assessed each program on its ability to cluster individuals to their correct subpopulation. We show that flockture yields results similar to structure albeit with greater variability from run to run. flockture did perform better than structure when genotypes were composed of SNPs and differentiation was moderate (FST= 0.022-0.032). When differentiation was low, structure outperformed flockture for both marker types. On large data sets like those we simulated, it appears that flock's reliance on inference rules regarding its 'plateau record' is not helpful. Interpreting flock's algorithm as a special case of the model in structure should aid in understanding the program's output and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Anderson
- Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 110 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Patrick D Barry
- School of Fisheries and Ocean Science, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, 17101 Point Lena Loop Road, Juneau, AK, 99801, USA
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22
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Marranca JM, Welsh AB, Roseman E. Genetic effects of habitat restoration in the Laurentian Great Lakes: an assessment of lake sturgeon origin and genetic diversity. Restor Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M. Marranca
- Division of Forestry and Natural Resources; West Virginia University; P.O. Box 6125 Morgantown WV 26506 U.S.A
| | - Amy B. Welsh
- Division of Forestry and Natural Resources; West Virginia University; P.O. Box 6125 Morgantown WV 26506 U.S.A
| | - Edward Roseman
- Great Lakes Science Center; U.S. Geological Survey; 1451 Green Road Ann Arbor MI 48105-2807 U.S.A
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23
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Laporte M, Leblois R, Coulon A, Bonhomme F, Magnan P, Berrebi P. Genetic structure of a vulnerable species, the freshwater blenny (Salaria fluviatilis). CONSERV GENET 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-014-0682-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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24
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Ray A, Ray R. Rapid divergence of ecotypes of an invasive plant. AOB PLANTS 2014; 6:plu052. [PMID: 25165061 PMCID: PMC4215188 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plu052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species demonstrate rapid evolution within a very short period of time allowing one to understand the underlying mechanism(s). Lantana camara, a highly invasive plant of the tropics and subtropics, has expanded its range and successfully established itself almost throughout India. In order to uncover the processes governing the invasion dynamics, 218 individuals from various locations across India were characterized with six microsatellites. By integrating genetic data with niche modelling, we examined the effect of drift and environmental selection on genetic divergence. We found multiple genetic clusters that were non-randomly distributed across space. Spatial autocorrelation revealed a strong fine-scale structure, i.e. isolation by distance. In addition, we obtained evidence of inhibitory effects of selection on gene flow, i.e. isolation by environmental distance. Perhaps, local adaptation in response to selection is offsetting gene flow and causing the populations to diverge. Niche models suggested that temperature and precipitation play a major role in the observed spatial distribution of this plant. Based on a non-random distribution of clusters, unequal gene flow among them and different bioclimatic niche requirements, we concluded that the emergence of ecotypes represented by two genetic clusters is underway. They may be locally adapted to specific climatic conditions, and perhaps at the very early stages of ecological divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avik Ray
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India Present address: Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Sriramapura, Jakkur Post, Bangalore 560064, India, and Center for Interdisciplinary Studies (CIS), Basudha, Kolkata 700078, India
| | - Rajasri Ray
- Center for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Kraaijenbrink T, van der Gaag KJ, Zuniga SB, Xue Y, Carvalho-Silva DR, Tyler-Smith C, Jobling MA, Parkin EJ, Su B, Shi H, Xiao CJ, Tang WR, Kashyap VK, Trivedi R, Sitalaximi T, Banerjee J, Gaselô KTO, Tuladhar NM, Opgenort JRML, van Driem GL, Barbujani G, de Knijff P. A linguistically informed autosomal STR survey of human populations residing in the greater Himalayan region. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91534. [PMID: 24614536 PMCID: PMC3948894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The greater Himalayan region demarcates two of the most prominent linguistic phyla in Asia: Tibeto-Burman and Indo-European. Previous genetic surveys, mainly using Y-chromosome polymorphisms and/or mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms suggested a substantially reduced geneflow between populations belonging to these two phyla. These studies, however, have mainly focussed on populations residing far to the north and/or south of this mountain range, and have not been able to study geneflow patterns within the greater Himalayan region itself. We now report a detailed, linguistically informed, genetic survey of Tibeto-Burman and Indo-European speakers from the Himalayan countries Nepal and Bhutan based on autosomal microsatellite markers and compare these populations with surrounding regions. The genetic differentiation between populations within the Himalayas seems to be much higher than between populations in the neighbouring countries. We also observe a remarkable genetic differentiation between the Tibeto-Burman speaking populations on the one hand and Indo-European speaking populations on the other, suggesting that language and geography have played an equally large role in defining the genetic composition of present-day populations within the Himalayas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirsa Kraaijenbrink
- MGC Department of Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kristiaan J. van der Gaag
- MGC Department of Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sofia B. Zuniga
- MGC Department of Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yali Xue
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Chris Tyler-Smith
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A. Jobling
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma J. Parkin
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Bing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology and Kunming Primate Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Hong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology and Kunming Primate Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Chun-Jie Xiao
- Human Genetics Centre, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Wen-Ru Tang
- Human Genetics Centre, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - V. K. Kashyap
- National DNA Analysis Center, Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Kolkata, India
| | - R. Trivedi
- National DNA Analysis Center, Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Kolkata, India
| | - T. Sitalaximi
- National DNA Analysis Center, Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Kolkata, India
| | - Jheelam Banerjee
- National DNA Analysis Center, Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Kolkata, India
| | - Karma Tshering of Gaselô
- Himalayan Languages Project, Institut für Sprachwissenschaft, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nirmal M. Tuladhar
- Centre for Nepal and Asian Studies, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | | | - George L. van Driem
- Himalayan Languages Project, Institut für Sprachwissenschaft, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Guido Barbujani
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Peter de Knijff
- MGC Department of Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
- * E-mail: (P. de Knijff)
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Randi E, Hulva P, Fabbri E, Galaverni M, Galov A, Kusak J, Bigi D, Bolfíková BČ, Smetanová M, Caniglia R. Multilocus detection of wolf x dog hybridization in italy, and guidelines for marker selection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86409. [PMID: 24466077 PMCID: PMC3899229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization and introgression can impact the evolution of natural populations. Several wild canid species hybridize in nature, sometimes originating new taxa. However, hybridization with free-ranging dogs is threatening the genetic integrity of grey wolf populations (Canis lupus), or even the survival of endangered species (e.g., the Ethiopian wolf C. simensis). Efficient molecular tools to assess hybridization rates are essential in wolf conservation strategies. We evaluated the power of biparental and uniparental markers (39 autosomal and 4 Y-linked microsatellites, a melanistic deletion at the β-defensin CBD103 gene, the hypervariable domain of the mtDNA control-region) to identify the multilocus admixture patterns in wolf x dog hybrids. We used empirical data from 2 hybrid groups with different histories: 30 presumptive natural hybrids from Italy and 73 Czechoslovakian wolfdogs of known hybrid origin, as well as simulated data. We assessed the efficiency of various marker combinations and reference samples in admixture analyses using 69 dogs of different breeds and 99 wolves from Italy, Balkans and Carpathian Mountains. Results confirmed the occurrence of hybrids in Italy, some of them showing anomalous phenotypic traits and exogenous mtDNA or Y-chromosome introgression. Hybridization was mostly attributable to village dogs and not strictly patrilineal. The melanistic β-defensin deletion was found only in Italian dogs and in putative hybrids. The 24 most divergent microsatellites (largest wolf-dog FST values) were equally or more informative than the entire panel of 39 loci. A smaller panel of 12 microsatellites increased risks to identify false admixed individuals. The frequency of F1 and F2 was lower than backcrosses or introgressed individuals, suggesting hybridization already occurred some generations in the past, during early phases of wolf expansion from their historical core areas. Empirical and simulated data indicated the identification of the past generation backcrosses is always uncertain, and a larger number of ancestry-informative markers is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Randi
- Laboratorio di Genetica, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e Ricerca Ambientale, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
- Department 18/Section of Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Pavel Hulva
- Department of Zoology, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Life Science Research Centre, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Fabbri
- Laboratorio di Genetica, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e Ricerca Ambientale, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Galaverni
- Laboratorio di Genetica, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e Ricerca Ambientale, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ana Galov
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josip Kusak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Daniele Bigi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Milena Smetanová
- Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Romolo Caniglia
- Laboratorio di Genetica, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e Ricerca Ambientale, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
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Arntzen JW, Recuero E, Canestrelli D, Martínez-Solano I. How complex is the Bufo bufo species group? Mol Phylogenet Evol 2013; 69:1203-8. [PMID: 23880535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Species delineation remains one of the most challenging tasks in the study of biodiversity, mostly owing to the application of different species concepts, which results in contrasting taxonomic arrangements. This has important practical consequences, since species are basic units in fields like ecology and conservation biology. We here review molecular genetic evidence relevant to the systematics of toads in the Bufo bufo species group (Anura, Bufonidae). Two studies recently published in this journal (Recuero et al., MPE 62: 71-86 and García-Porta et al., MPE 63: 113-130) addressed this issue but reached opposing conclusions on the taxonomy of the group (four versus two species). In particular, allozyme data in the latter paper were interpreted as evidence for hybridization across species (between B. bufo-B. spinosus and B. bufo-B. verrucosissimus). We tested claims for hybridization through re-analysis of allozyme data for individuals instead of populations, to be able to distinguish between sympatry with and without admixture, and found no evidence of hybridization across taxa. We propose alternative explanations for the observed patterns that García-Porta et al. (2012) failed to consider. In the absence of unequivocal evidence for hybridization and introgression, we reject the proposal to downgrade Bufo spinosus and Bufo verrucosissimus to the subspecies level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan W Arntzen
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Local genetic structure of a montane herb among isolated grassland patches: implications for the preservation of genetic diversity under climate change. POPUL ECOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10144-013-0373-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mitsui Y, Setoguchi H. Demographic histories of adaptively diverged riparian and non-riparian species of Ainsliaea (Asteraceae) inferred from coalescent analyses using multiple nuclear loci. BMC Evol Biol 2012; 12:254. [PMID: 23273287 PMCID: PMC3542178 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding demographic histories, such as divergence time, patterns of gene flow, and population size changes, in ecologically diverging lineages provide implications for the process and maintenance of population differentiation by ecological adaptation. This study addressed the demographic histories in two independently derived lineages of flood-resistant riparian plants and their non-riparian relatives [Ainsliaea linearis (riparian) and A. apiculata (non-riparian); A. oblonga (riparian) and A. macroclinidioides (non-riparian); Asteraceae] using an isolation-with-migration (IM) model based on variation at 10 nuclear DNA loci. RESULTS The highest posterior probabilities of the divergence time parameters were estimated to be ca. 25,000 years ago for A. linearis and A. apiculata and ca. 9000 years ago for A. oblonga and A. macroclinidioides, although the confidence intervals of the parameters had broad ranges. The likelihood ratio tests detected evidence of historical gene flow between both riparian/non-riparian species pairs. The riparian populations showed lower levels of genetic diversity and a significant reduction in effective population sizes compared to the non-riparian populations and their ancestral populations. CONCLUSIONS This study showed the recent origins of flood-resistant riparian plants, which are remarkable examples of plant ecological adaptation. The recent divergence and genetic signatures of historical gene flow among riparian/non-riparian species implied that they underwent morphological and ecological differentiation within short evolutionary timescales and have maintained their species boundaries in the face of gene flow. Comparative analyses of adaptive divergence in two sets of riparian/non-riparian lineages suggested that strong natural selection by flooding had frequently reduced the genetic diversity and size of riparian populations through genetic drift, possibly leading to fixation of adaptive traits in riparian populations. The two sets of riparian/non-riparian lineages showed contrasting patterns of gene flow and genetic differentiation, implying that each lineage showed different degrees of reproductive isolation and that they had experienced unique evolutionary and demographic histories in the process of adaptive divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Mitsui
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Hyseni C, Kato AB, Okedi LM, Masembe C, Ouma JO, Aksoy S, Caccone A. The population structure of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes in the Lake Victoria basin in Uganda: implications for vector control. Parasit Vectors 2012; 5:222. [PMID: 23036153 PMCID: PMC3522534 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glossina fuscipes fuscipes is the primary vector of trypanosomiasis in humans and livestock in Uganda. The Lake Victoria basin has been targeted for tsetse eradication using a rolling carpet initiative, from west to east, with four operational blocks (3 in Uganda and 1 in Kenya), under a Pan-African Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Eradication Campaign (PATTEC). We screened tsetse flies from the three Ugandan PATTEC blocks for genetic diversity at 15 microsatellite loci from continental and offshore populations to provide empirical data to support this initiative. Methods We collected tsetse samples from 11 sites across the Lake Victoria basin in Uganda. We performed genetic analyses on 409 of the collected tsetse flies and added data collected for 278 individuals in a previous study. The flies were screened across 15 microsatellite loci and the resulting data were used to assess the temporal stability of populations, to analyze patterns of genetic exchange and structuring, to estimate dispersal rates and evaluate the sex bias in dispersal, as well as to estimate demographic parameters (NE and NC). Results We found that tsetse populations in this region were stable over 4-16 generations and belong to 4 genetic clusters. Two genetic clusters (1 and 2) corresponded approximately to PATTEC blocks 1 and 2, while the other two (3 and 4) fell within PATTEC block 3. Island populations grouped into the same genetic clusters as neighboring mainland sites, suggesting presence of gene flow between these sites. There was no evidence of the stretch of water separating islands from the mainland forming a significant barrier to dispersal. Dispersal rates ranged from 2.5 km per generation in cluster 1 to 14 km per generation in clusters 3 and 4. We found evidence of male-biased dispersal. Few breeders are successfully dispersing over large distances. Effective population size estimates were low (33–310 individuals), while census size estimates ranged from 1200 (cluster 1) to 4100 (clusters 3 and 4). We present here a novel technique that adapts an existing census size estimation method to sampling without replacement, the scheme used in sampling tsetse flies. Conclusion Our study suggests that different control strategies should be implemented for the three PATTEC blocks and that, given the high potential for re-invasion from island sites, mainland and offshore sites in each block should be targeted at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaz Hyseni
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Bilodeau E, Simon JC, Guay JF, Turgeon J, Cloutier C. Does variation in host plant association and symbiont infection of pea aphid populations induce genetic and behaviour differentiation of its main parasitoid, Aphidius ervi? Evol Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-012-9577-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Duchesne P, Turgeon J. FLOCK provides reliable solutions to the "number of populations" problem. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 103:734-43. [PMID: 22615162 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/ess038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Identifying groups of individuals forming coherent genetic clusters is relevant to many fields of biology. This paper addresses the K-partition problem: given a collection of genotypes, partition those genotypes into K groups, each group being a sample of the K source populations that are represented in the collection of genotypes. This problem involves allocating genotypes to genetic groups while building those groups at the same time without the use of any other a priori information. FLOCK is a non-Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm that uses an iterative method to partition a collection of genotypes into k groups. Rules to estimate K are formulated and their validity firmly established by running simulations under several migration rates, migration regimes, number of loci, and values of K. FLOCK tended to build clusters largely consistent with the source samples. The performance of FLOCK was also compared with that of STRUCTURE and BAPS. FLOCK provided more accurate allocations to clusters and more reliable estimates of K; it also ran much faster than STRUCTURE. FLOCK is based on an entirely novel approach and provides a true alternative to the existing, MCMC based, algorithms. FLOCK v.2.0 for microsatellites or for AFLP markers can be downloaded from http://www.bio.ulaval.ca/no_cache/departement/professeurs/fiche_des_professeurs/professeur/11/13/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Duchesne
- the Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6 Canada
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Spatiotemporal segregation among summer stocks of beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) despite nuclear gene flow: implication for the endangered belugas in eastern Hudson Bay (Canada). CONSERV GENET 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-011-0294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Gruber MAM, Hoffmann BD, Ritchie PA, Lester PJ. Recent behavioural and population genetic divergence of an invasive ant in a novel environment. DIVERS DISTRIB 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00833.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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COLBECK GABRIELJ, TURGEON JULIE, SIROIS PASCAL, DODSON JULIANJ. Historical introgression and the role of selective vs. neutral processes in structuring nuclear genetic variation (AFLP) in a circumpolar marine fish, the capelin (Mallotus villosus). Mol Ecol 2011; 20:1976-87. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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36
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Dawnay N, Dawnay L, Hughes RN, Cove R, Taylor MI. Substantial genetic structure among stocked and native populations of the European grayling (Thymallus thymallus, Salmonidae) in the United Kingdom. CONSERV GENET 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-010-0179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Thibault I, Bernatchez L, Dodson JJ. The contribution of newly established populations to the dynamics of range expansion in a one-dimensional fluvial-estuarine system: rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Eastern Quebec. DIVERS DISTRIB 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00606.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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