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Song B, Wang K, Peng Y, Zhu Y, Cui Z, Chen L, Yu Z, Song B. Combined signature of G protein-coupled receptors and tumor microenvironment provides a prognostic and therapeutic biomarker for skin cutaneous melanoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:18135-18160. [PMID: 38006451 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05486-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been shown to have an important role in tumor development and metastasis, and abnormal expression of GPCRs is significantly associated with poor prognosis of tumor patients. In this study, we analyzed the GPCRs-related gene (GPRGs) and tumor microenvironment (TME) in skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) to construct a prognostic model to help SKCM patients obtain accurate clinical treatment strategies. METHODS SKCM expression data and clinical information were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Differential expression analysis, LASSO algorithm, and univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis were used to screen prognosis-related genes (GPR19, GPR146, S1PR2, PTH1R, ADGRE5, CXCR3, GPR143, and OR2I1P) and multiple prognosis-good immune cells; the data set was analyzed according to above results and build up a GPR-TME classifier. The model was further subjected to immune infiltration, functional enrichment, tumor mutational load, immunotherapy prediction, and scRNA-seq data analysis. Finally, cellular experiments were conducted to validate the functionality of the key gene GPR19 in the model. RESULTS The findings indicate that high expression of GPRGs is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with SKCM, highlighting the significant role of GPRGs and the tumor microenvironment (TME) in SKCM development. Notably, the group characterized by low GPR expression and a high TME exhibited the most favorable prognosis and immunotherapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, cellular assays demonstrated that knockdown of GPR19 significantly reduced the proliferation, migration, and invasive capabilities of melanoma cells in A375 and A2058 cell lines. CONCLUSION This study provides novel insights for the prognosis evaluation and treatment of melanoma, along with the identification of a new biomarker, GPR19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyu Song
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yixuan Peng
- School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yuhan Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhiwei Cui
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Baoqiang Song
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
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2
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Yang L, Zhang K, Zheng D, Bai Y, Yue D, Wu L, Ling H, Ni S, Zou H, Ye B, Liu C, Deng Y, Liu Q, Li Y, Wang D. Platelet-Based Nanoparticles with Stimuli-Responsive for Anti-Tumor Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:6293-6309. [PMID: 37954456 PMCID: PMC10637234 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s436373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to hemostasis and coagulation, years of studies have proved that platelets are involved in the whole process of tumor progression, including tumor invasion, intravasation, extravasation, and so on. It means that this property of platelets can be used in anti-tumor therapy. However, traditional platelet-based antitumor drugs often cause autologous platelet damage due to lack of targeting, resulting in serious side effects. Therefore, the researchers designed a variety of anti-tumor drug delivery systems based on platelets by targeting platelets or platelet membrane coating. The drug delivery systems have special response modes, which is crucial in the design of nanoparticles. These modes enhance the targeting and improve the anti-tumor effect. Here, we present a review of recent discoveries in the field of the crosstalk between platelets and tumors and the progress of platelet-based anti-tumor nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlan Yang
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaijiong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongming Zheng
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Bai
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daifan Yue
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lichun Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Ling
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sujiao Ni
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haimin Zou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiancheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of Mianyang People’s Hospital, Mianyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Hasan N, Nadaf A, Imran M, Jiba U, Sheikh A, Almalki WH, Almujri SS, Mohammed YH, Kesharwani P, Ahmad FJ. Skin cancer: understanding the journey of transformation from conventional to advanced treatment approaches. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:168. [PMID: 37803407 PMCID: PMC10559482 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01854-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is a global threat to the healthcare system and is estimated to incline tremendously in the next 20 years, if not diagnosed at an early stage. Even though it is curable at an early stage, novel drug identification, clinical success, and drug resistance is another major challenge. To bridge the gap and bring effective treatment, it is important to understand the etiology of skin carcinoma, the mechanism of cell proliferation, factors affecting cell growth, and the mechanism of drug resistance. The current article focusses on understanding the structural diversity of skin cancers, treatments available till date including phytocompounds, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, photothermal therapy, surgery, combination therapy, molecular targets associated with cancer growth and metastasis, and special emphasis on nanotechnology-based approaches for downregulating the deleterious disease. A detailed analysis with respect to types of nanoparticles and their scope in overcoming multidrug resistance as well as associated clinical trials has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazeer Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Arif Nadaf
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Imran
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - Umme Jiba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Afsana Sheikh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, 24381, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Salman Almujri
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, 61421, Asir-Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Kuthambakkam, India.
| | - Farhan Jalees Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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Chiavarini M, Naldini G, Giacchetta I, Fabiani R. Exogenous Hormone Factors in Relation to the Risk of Malignant Melanoma in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133192. [PMID: 35804961 PMCID: PMC9264834 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of exogenous female hormones on the risk of developing malignant melanoma in women remains controversial. The aim of our review and meta-analysis is to summarize the evidence and derive a more accurate estimation of the association between oral contraceptives (OCs) or menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and the risk of developing malignant melanoma in women. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus database were searched for studies published up until October 2021. The PRISMA statement and MOOSE guidelines were followed. Studies were pooled using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was explored with the chi-square-based Cochran’s Q statistic and the I2 statistic. Publication bias was assessed with Begg’s test and Egger’s test. Forty-six studies met the eligibility criteria. The pooled analysis (26 studies) on OC use and the risk of developing cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) showed no significant association, but demonstrated significant association for cohort studies (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.16; I2 = 0.00%, p = 0.544). The pooled analysis (16 studies) showed a significantly increased risk of CMM in association with MHT (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.08–1.23; I2 = 25.32%, p = 0.169). Stratifying the results by study design showed that a significant increased risk of CMM was associated with MHT in the cohort studies (OR 1.12; 95% CI 1.04–1.19; I2 = 0%, p = 0.467). No significant publication bias could be detected. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential association with formulation, duration of use, and dosage of use, and to better understand the role of possible confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Chiavarini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Public Heath, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Giulia Naldini
- School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Irene Giacchetta
- School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Roberto Fabiani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy;
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Targeting GPCRs and Their Signaling as a Therapeutic Option in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030706. [PMID: 35158973 PMCID: PMC8833576 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Sixteen G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been involved in melanogenesis or melanomagenesis. Here, we review these GPCRs, their associated signaling, and therapies. Abstract G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) serve prominent roles in melanocyte lineage physiology, with an impact at all stages of development, as well as on mature melanocyte functions. GPCR ligands are present in the skin and regulate melanocyte homeostasis, including pigmentation. The role of GPCRs in the regulation of pigmentation and, consequently, protection against external aggression, such as ultraviolet radiation, has long been established. However, evidence of new functions of GPCRs directly in melanomagenesis has been highlighted in recent years. GPCRs are coupled, through their intracellular domains, to heterotrimeric G-proteins, which induce cellular signaling through various pathways. Such signaling modulates numerous essential cellular processes that occur during melanomagenesis, including proliferation and migration. GPCR-associated signaling in melanoma can be activated by the binding of paracrine factors to their receptors or directly by activating mutations. In this review, we present melanoma-associated alterations of GPCRs and their downstream signaling and discuss the various preclinical models used to evaluate new therapeutic approaches against GPCR activity in melanoma. Recent striking advances in our understanding of the structure, function, and regulation of GPCRs will undoubtedly broaden melanoma treatment options in the future.
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Karatzas E, Baltoumas FA, Panayiotou NA, Schneider R, Pavlopoulos GA. Arena3Dweb: interactive 3D visualization of multilayered networks. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:W36-W45. [PMID: 33885790 PMCID: PMC8128064 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient integration and visualization of heterogeneous biomedical information in a single view is a key challenge. In this study, we present Arena3Dweb, the first, fully interactive and dependency-free, web application which allows the visualization of multilayered graphs in 3D space. With Arena3Dweb, users can integrate multiple networks in a single view along with their intra- and inter-layer connections. For clearer and more informative views, users can choose between a plethora of layout algorithms and apply them on a set of selected layers either individually or in combination. Users can align networks and highlight node topological features, whereas each layer as well as the whole scene can be translated, rotated and scaled in 3D space. User-selected edge colors can be used to highlight important paths, while node positioning, coloring and resizing can be adjusted on-the-fly. In its current version, Arena3Dweb supports weighted and unweighted undirected graphs and is written in R, Shiny and JavaScript. We demonstrate the functionality of Arena3Dweb using two different use-case scenarios; one regarding drug repurposing for SARS-CoV-2 and one related to GPCR signaling pathways implicated in melanoma. Arena3Dweb is available at http://bib.fleming.gr:3838/Arena3D or http://bib.fleming.gr/Arena3D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Karatzas
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, BSRC "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Fotis A Baltoumas
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, BSRC "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Nikolaos A Panayiotou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Section of Industrial Management and Operational Research, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Reinhard Schneider
- University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Bioinformatics Core, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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7
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Klatt W, Wallner S, Brochhausen C, Stolwijk JA, Schreml S. Expression profiles of proton-sensing G-protein coupled receptors in common skin tumors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15327. [PMID: 32948783 PMCID: PMC7501253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71700-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The proton-sensing GPCRs (pH-GPCRs) GPR4 (GPR19), TDAG8 (GPR65, T-cell death associated gene 8), OGR1 (GPR68, ovarian cancer GPCR1), and G2A (GPR132, G2 accumulation protein) are involved in sensing and transducing changes in extracellular pH (pHe). Extracellular acidification is a central hallmark of solid cancer. pH-GPCR function has been associated with cancer cell proliferation, adhesion, migration and metastasis, as well as with modulation of the immune system. Little is known about the expression levels and role of pH-GPCRs in skin cancer. To better understand the functions of pH-GPCRs in skin cancer in vivo, we examined the expression-profiles of GPR4, TDAG8, OGR1 and G2A in four common skin tumors, i.e. squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), malignant melanoma (MM), compound nevus cell nevi (NCN), basal cell carcinoma (BCC). We performed immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining on paraffin-embedded tissue samples acquired from patients suffering from SCC, MM, NCN or BCC. We show the expression of pH-GPCRs in four common skin cancers. Different expression patterns in the investigated skin cancer types indicate that the different pH-GPCRs may have distinct functions in tumor progression and serve as novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wybke Klatt
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Wallner
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Brochhausen
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Judith A Stolwijk
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schreml
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Apostolakou AE, Baltoumas FA, Stravopodis DJ, Iconomidou VA. Extended Human G-Protein Coupled Receptor Network: Cell-Type-Specific Analysis of G-Protein Coupled Receptor Signaling Pathways. J Proteome Res 2019; 19:511-524. [PMID: 31774292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate crucial physiological functions in humans, have been implicated in an array of diseases, and are therefore prime drug targets. GPCRs signal via a multitude of pathways, mainly through G-proteins and β-arrestins, to regulate effectors responsible for cellular responses. The limited number of transducers results in different GPCRs exerting control on the same pathway, while the availability of signaling proteins in a cell defines the result of GPCR activation. The aim of this study was to construct the extended human GPCR network (hGPCRnet) and examine the effect that cell-type specificity has on GPCR signaling pathways. To achieve this, protein-protein interaction data between GPCRs, G-protein coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), Gα subunits, β-arrestins, and effectors were combined with protein expression data in cell types. This resulted in the hGPCRnet, a very large interconnected network, and similar cell-type-specific networks in which, distinct GPCR signaling pathways were formed. Finally, a user friendly web application, hGPCRnet ( http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/hGPCRnet ), was created to allow for the visualization and exploration of these networks and of GPCR signaling pathways. This work, and the resulting application, can be useful in further studies of GPCR function and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avgi E Apostolakou
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Sciences , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis , Athens 15701 , Greece
| | - Fotis A Baltoumas
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Sciences , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis , Athens 15701 , Greece
| | - Dimitrios J Stravopodis
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Sciences , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis , Athens 15701 , Greece
| | - Vassiliki A Iconomidou
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Sciences , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis , Athens 15701 , Greece
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Dika E, Patrizi A, Lambertini M, Manuelpillai N, Fiorentino M, Altimari A, Ferracin M, Lauriola M, Fabbri E, Campione E, Veronesi G, Scarfì F. Estrogen Receptors and Melanoma: A Review. Cells 2019; 8:E1463. [PMID: 31752344 PMCID: PMC6912660 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last three decades cutaneous melanoma has been widely investigated as a steroid hormone-sensitive cancer. Following this hypothesis, many epidemiological studies have investigated the relationship between estrogens and melanoma. No evidence to date has supported this association due to the great complexity of genetic, external and environmental factors underlying the development of this cancer. Molecular mechanisms through which estrogen and their receptor exert a role in melanoma genesis are still under investigation with new studies increasingly focusing on the discovery of new molecular targets for therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Dika
- Dermatology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.P.); (M.L.); (N.M.); (G.V.); (F.S.)
| | - Annalisa Patrizi
- Dermatology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.P.); (M.L.); (N.M.); (G.V.); (F.S.)
| | - Martina Lambertini
- Dermatology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.P.); (M.L.); (N.M.); (G.V.); (F.S.)
| | - Nicholas Manuelpillai
- Dermatology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.P.); (M.L.); (N.M.); (G.V.); (F.S.)
| | - Michelangelo Fiorentino
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (M.F.); (E.F.)
| | - Annalisa Altimari
- Laboratory of Oncologic Molecular Pathology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (M.F.); (E.F.)
| | - Mattia Lauriola
- Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology Unit Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine—DIMES University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Enrica Fabbri
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (M.F.); (E.F.)
| | - Elena Campione
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giulia Veronesi
- Dermatology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.P.); (M.L.); (N.M.); (G.V.); (F.S.)
| | - Federica Scarfì
- Dermatology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.P.); (M.L.); (N.M.); (G.V.); (F.S.)
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Al-Awadhi FH, Gao B, Rezaei MA, Kwan JC, Li C, Ye T, Paul VJ, Luesch H. Discovery, Synthesis, Pharmacological Profiling, and Biological Characterization of Brintonamides A-E, Novel Dual Protease and GPCR Modulators from a Marine Cyanobacterium. J Med Chem 2018; 61:6364-6378. [PMID: 30015488 PMCID: PMC7341966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Five novel modified linear peptides named brintonamides A-E (1-5) were discovered from a marine cyanobacterial sample collected from Brinton Channel, Florida Keys. The total synthesis of 1-5 in addition to two other structurally related analogues (6 and 7) was achieved, which provided more material to allow rigorous biological evaluation and SAR studies. Compounds were subjected to cancer-focused phenotypic cell viability and migration assays and orthogonal target-based pharmacological screening platforms to identify their protease and GPCR modulatory activity profiles. The cancer related serine protease kallikrein 7 (KLK7) was inhibited to similar extents with an IC50 near 20 μM by both representative members 1 and 4, which differed in the presence or lack of the N-terminal unit. In contrast to the biochemical protease profiling study, clear SAR was observed in the functional GPCR screens, where five GPCRs in antagonist mode (CCR10, OXTR, SSTR3, TACR2) and agonist mode (CXCR7) were modulated by compounds 1-7 to varying extents. Chemokine receptor type 10 (CCR10) was potently modulated by brintonamide D (4) with an IC50 of 0.44 μM. We performed in silico modeling to understand the structural basis underlying the differences in the antagonistic activity among brintonamides toward CCR10. Because of the significance of KLK7 and CCR10 in cancer progression and metastasis, we demonstrated the ability of brintonamide D (4) at 10 μM to significantly target downstream cellular substrates of KLK7 (Dsg-2 and E-cad) in vitro and to inhibit CCL27-induced CCR10-mediated proliferation and the migration of highly invasive breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma H. Al-Awadhi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Bowen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mohammad A. Rezaei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Jason C. Kwan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Tao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Valerie J. Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station, Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, Florida 34949, United States
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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11
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Identification of a gene expression signature associated with the metastasis suppressor function of NME1: prognostic value in human melanoma. J Transl Med 2018; 98:327-338. [PMID: 29058705 PMCID: PMC5839922 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although NME1 is well known for its ability to suppress metastasis of melanoma, the molecular mechanisms underlying this activity are not completely understood. Herein, we utilized a bioinformatics approach to systematically identify genes whose expression is correlated with the metastasis suppressor function of NME1. This was accomplished through a search for genes that were regulated by NME1, but not by NME1 variants lacking metastasis suppressor activity. This approach identified a number of novel genes, such as ALDOC, CXCL11, LRP1b, and XAGE1 as well as known targets such as NETO2, which were collectively designated as an NME1-Regulated Metastasis Suppressor Signature (MSS). The MSS was associated with prolonged overall survival in a large cohort of melanoma patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The median overall survival of melanoma patients with elevated expression of the MSS genes was >5.6 years longer compared with that of patients with lower expression of the MSS genes. These data demonstrate that NMEl represents a powerful tool for identifying genes whose expression is associated with metastasis and survival of melanoma patients, suggesting their potential applications as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in advanced forms of this lethal cancer.
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzie Chen
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Marion School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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13
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Ribeiro MPC, Santos AE, Custódio JBA. The activation of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) inhibits the proliferation of mouse melanoma K1735-M2 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 277:176-184. [PMID: 28947257 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The activation of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) by its specific agonist G-1 inhibits prostate cancer and 17β-estradiol-stimulated breast cancer cell proliferation. Tamoxifen (TAM), which also activates the GPER, decreases melanoma cell proliferation, but its action mechanism remains controversial. Here we investigated the expression and the effects of GPER activation by G-1, TAM and its key metabolite endoxifen (EDX) on melanoma cells. Mouse melanoma K1735-M2 cells expressed GPER and G-1 reduced cell biomass, and the number of viable cells, without increasing cell death. Rather, G-1 decreased cell division by blocking cell cycle progression in G2. Likewise, TAM and EDX exhibited an antiproliferative activity in melanoma cells due to decreased cell division. Both G-1 and the antiestrogens showed a trend to decrease the levels of phosphorylated ERK 1/2 after 1 h treatment, although only EDX, the most potent antiproliferative antiestrogen, induced significant effects. Importantly, the targeting of GPER with siRNA abolished the cytostatic activity of both G-1 and antiestrogens, suggesting that the antitumor actions of antiestrogens in melanoma cells involve GPER activation. Our results unveil a new target for melanoma therapy and identify GPER as a key mediator of antiestrogen antiproliferative effects, which may contribute to select the patients that benefit from an antiestrogen-containing regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana P C Ribeiro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Armanda E Santos
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - José B A Custódio
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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14
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Shen Z, Chen Y, Hong L, Cui Z, Yang H, He X, Shi Y, Shi L, Han F, Zhou N. BNGR-A25L and -A27 are two functional G protein-coupled receptors for CAPA periviscerokinin neuropeptides in the silkworm Bombyx mori. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:16554-16570. [PMID: 28842502 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.803445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
CAPA peptides, such as periviscerokinin (PVK), are insect neuropeptides involved in many signaling pathways controlling, for example, metabolism, behavior, and reproduction. They are present in a large number of insects and, together with their cognate receptors, are important for research into approaches for improving insect control. However, the CAPA receptors in the silkworm (Bombyx mori) insect model are unknown. Here, we cloned cDNAs of two putative CAPA peptide receptor genes, BNGR-A27 and -A25, from the brain of B. mori larvae. We found that the predicted BNGR-A27 ORF encodes 450 amino acids and that one BNGR-A25 splice variant encodes a full-length isoform (BNGR-A25L) of 418 amino acid residues and another a short isoform (BNGR-A25S) of 341 amino acids with a truncated C-terminal tail. Functional assays indicated that both BNGR-A25L and -A27 are activated by the PVK neuropeptides Bom-CAPA-PVK-1 and -PVK-2, leading to a significant increase in cAMP-response element-controlled luciferase activity and Ca2+ mobilization in a Gq inhibitor-sensitive manner. In contrast, BNGR-A25S was not significantly activated in response to the PVK peptides. Moreover, Bom-CAPA-PVK-1 directly bound to BNGR-A25L and -A27, but not BNGR-A25S. Of note, CAPA-PVK-mediated ERK1/2 phosphorylation and receptor internalization confirmed that BNGR-A25L and -A27 are two canonical receptors for Bombyx CAPA-PVKs. However, BNGR-A25S alone is a nonfunctional receptor but serves as a dominant-negative protein for BNGR-A25L. These results provide evidence that BNGR-A25L and -A27 are two functional Gq-coupled receptors for Bombyx CAPA-PVKs, enabling the further elucidation of the endocrinological roles of Bom-CAPA-PVKs and their receptors in insect biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangfei Shen
- the Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, and
| | - Yu Chen
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences
| | - Lingjuan Hong
- the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenteng Cui
- the Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, and
| | - Huipeng Yang
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences
| | - Xiaobai He
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences
| | - Ying Shi
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences
| | - Liangen Shi
- the Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, and
| | - Feng Han
- the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Naiming Zhou
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences,
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15
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Identification of Three Novel Splicing Variants and Expression Analysis of Chicken GPR1 Gene. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1074054. [PMID: 28203567 PMCID: PMC5292125 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1074054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
GPR1 is a G protein-coupled receptor that plays critical roles in eukaryotic cells: typically, response to glucose stimulation, lipid accumulation, and transmitting nutrition signals to cAMP pathway. However, the alternative splicing of the GPR1 gene and its expression pattern in chicken tissues and ovarian follicles were unknown. In our current study, we used RACE-PCR to identify three GPR1 variants, including the full-length variant (GPR1-va1) and two alternatively spliced variants (GPR1-va2, GPR1-vb). Quantitative real-time PCR examined the expression pattern of GPR1 mRNA in chicken tissues and ovarian follicles. The result reveals that the coding sequence of the three variants cDNA is 1053, 1053, and 627 bp in length, encoding 350, 350, and 208 amino acids, respectively. The three variants of GPR1 show similar tissue distributions; GPR1 expression was abundant in the abdominal fat, lung, and heart. With the follicular development, the expression of GPR1 gene gradually increased, and GPR1-va1 and GPR1-va2 spliced variants expression in F2 were significantly higher than in F5, F4, and prehierarchical follicles (P < 0.05). Taken together, we found three novel variants of GPR1, and the results of GPR1 expression profiling in adipose tissues and ovarian follicles suggest that GPR1 may play a significant role in the lipid accumulation and progression of follicular development.
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16
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Rosero RA, Villares GJ, Bar-Eli M. Protease-Activated Receptors and other G-Protein-Coupled Receptors: the Melanoma Connection. Front Genet 2016; 7:112. [PMID: 27379162 PMCID: PMC4908108 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast array of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play crucial roles in both physiological and pathological processes, including vision, coagulation, inflammation, autophagy, and cell proliferation. GPCRs also affect processes that augment cell proliferation and metastases in many cancers including melanoma. Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, yet limited therapeutic modalities are available to patients with metastatic melanoma. Studies have found that both chemokine receptors and protease-activated receptors, both of which are GPCRs, are central to the metastatic melanoma phenotype and may serve as potential targets in novel therapies against melanoma and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Menashe Bar-Eli
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, USA
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17
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Isola AL, Chen S. Exosomes: The Link between GPCR Activation and Metastatic Potential? Front Genet 2016; 7:56. [PMID: 27092178 PMCID: PMC4824768 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) by their respective ligands initiates a cascade of multiple signaling processes within the cell, regulating growth, metabolism and other essential cellular functions. Dysregulation and aberrant expression of these GPCRs and their subsequent signaling cascades are associated with many different types of pathologies, including cancer. The main life threatening complication in patients diagnosed with cancer is the dissemination of cells from the primary tumor to distant vital organs within the body, metastasis. Communication between the primary tumor, immune system, and the site of future metastasis are some of the key events in the early stages of metastasis. It has been postulated that the communication is mediated by nanovesicles that, under non-pathological conditions, are released by normal cells to relay signals to other cells in the body. These nanovesicles are called exosomes, and are utilized by the tumor cell to influence changes within the recipient cell, such as bone marrow progenitor cells, and cells within the site of future metastatic growth, in order to prepare the site for colonization. Tumor cells have been shown to release an increased number of exosomes when compared to their normal cell counterpart. Exosome production and release are regulated by proteins involved in localization, degradation and size of the multivesicular body, whose function may be altered within cancer cells, resulting in the release of an increased number of these vesicles. This review investigates the possibility of GPCR signaling cascades acting as the upstream activator of proteins involved in exosome production and release, linking a commonly targeted trans-membrane protein class with cellular communication utilized by tumor cells in early stages of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Isola
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers the State UniversityPiscataway, NJ, USA; Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers the State UniversityPiscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Suzie Chen
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers the State UniversityPiscataway, NJ, USA; Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers the State UniversityPiscataway, NJ, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New JerseyNew Brunswick, NJ, USA
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18
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Yu LJ, Wall BA, Chen S. The current management of brain metastasis in melanoma: a focus on riluzole. Expert Rev Neurother 2015; 15:779-92. [PMID: 26092602 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1055321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastasis is a common endpoint in human malignant melanoma, and the prognosis for patients remains poor despite advancements in therapy. Current treatment for melanoma metastatic to the brain is grouped into those providing symptomatic relief such as corticosteroids and antiepileptic agents, to those that are disease modifying. Related to the latter group, recent studies have demonstrated that aberrant glutamate signaling plays a role in the transformation and maintenance of various cancer types, including melanoma. Glutamate secretion from these and surrounding cells have been found to stimulate regulatory pathways that control tumor growth, proliferation and survival in vitro and in vivo. The antiglutamatergic actions of an inhibitor of glutamate release, riluzole, have been detected by its ability to clear glutamate from the synapse, and it has been shown to inhibit glutamate release rather than directly inhibiting glutamate receptors. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the ability of riluzole to act as a radiosensitizing agent in melanoma. The effect of riluzole on downstream glutamatergic signaling has pointed to cross talk between the metabotropic G-protein-coupled glutamate receptors implicated in a subset of human melanomas with other signaling pathways, including apoptotic, angiogenic, ROS and cell invasion mechanisms, thus establishing its potential to be further explored in combination therapy regimens for both primary human melanoma and melanoma metastatic to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumeng J Yu
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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19
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An iGlu Receptor Antagonist and Its Simultaneous Use with an Anticancer Drug for Cancer Therapy. Chemistry 2015; 21:6123-31. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Fujinaga M, Xie L, Yamasaki T, Yui J, Shimoda Y, Hatori A, Kumata K, Zhang Y, Nengaki N, Kawamura K, Zhang MR. Synthesis and Evaluation of 4-Halogeno-N-[4-[6-(isopropylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-N-[11C]methylbenzamide for Imaging of Metabotropic Glutamate 1 Receptor in Melanoma. J Med Chem 2015; 58:1513-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jm501845n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Fujinaga
- Molecular
Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Lin Xie
- Molecular
Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoteru Yamasaki
- Molecular
Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Joji Yui
- Molecular
Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yoko Shimoda
- Molecular
Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Akiko Hatori
- Molecular
Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Katsushi Kumata
- Molecular
Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yiding Zhang
- Molecular
Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuki Nengaki
- Molecular
Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- SHI Accelerator
Service Co. Ltd., 5-9-11 Kitashinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-8686, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kawamura
- Molecular
Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Molecular
Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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21
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Liu J, Bai X, Li YX, Chen KS, Wen HT. Clinicopathological significance of GPRC5A and STAT3 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:4810-4815. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i31.4810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of G protein-coupled receptor family C, member 5, group A (GPRC5A) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) proteins in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and to analyze their clinicopathological significance.
METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of GPRC5A and STAT3 proteins in ESCC, matched tumor-adjacent tissue and normal esophageal tissue. The correlation between the expression of these proteins and clinicopathologic features of ESCC was analyzed.
RESULTS: The rate of GPRC5A protein expression in ESCC was significantly lower than those in tumor-adjacent tissue and normal esophageal tissue (41.79% vs 58.21%, 68.66%, P < 0.05 for both). The positive rate of STAT3 expression was significantly higher in ESCC than in tumor-adjacent tissue and normal esophageal tissue (80.60% vs 71.64%, 53.73%, P < 0.05 for both). Expression of GPRC5A was significantly associated with tumor invasion depth and histological grade, but not with age, sex or lymph node metastasis. STAT3 expression was significantly associated with tumor invasion depth and histological grade, but not with age, sex or lymph node metastasis. GPRC5A protein expression was positively correlated with the expression of STAT3 proteins (r = -0.254, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: GPRC5A and STAT3 may participate in the occurrence and metastasis of esophageal carcinoma. Combined detection of the expression of these proteins will be helpful to the diagnosis of esophageal carcinoma and accurate determination of the biological behavior of this malignancy. GPRC5A and STAT3 may become new targets for gene therapy of esophageal carcinoma.
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22
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Kim TJ, Sun J, Lu S, Zhang J, Wang Y. The regulation of β-adrenergic receptor-mediated PKA activation by substrate stiffness via microtubule dynamics in human MSCs. Biomaterials 2014; 35:8348-8356. [PMID: 24973298 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical microenvironment surrounding cells has a significant impact on cellular function. One prominent example is that the stiffness of the substrate directs stem cell differentiation. However, the underlying mechanisms of how mechanical cues affect stem cell functions are largely elusive. Here, we report that in human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs), substrate stiffness can regulate cellular responses to a β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) agonist, Isoproterenol (ISO). Fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based A-Kinase Activity Reporter revealed that HMSCs displayed low activity of ISO-induced protein kinase A (PKA) signal on soft substrate, whereas a significantly higher activity can be observed on hard substrate. Meanwhile, there is an increasing ISO-induced internalization of β2-AR with increasing substrate stiffness. Further experiments revealed that the effects of substrate stiffness on both events were disrupted by interfering the polymerization of microtubules, but not actin filaments. Mechanistic investigation revealed that inhibiting ISO-induced PKA activation abolished β2-AR internalization and vice versa, forming a feedback loop. Thus, our results suggest that the cellular sensing mechanism of its mechanical environment, such as substrate stiffness, affects its response to chemical stimulation of β-AR signaling and PKA activation through the coordination of microtubules, which may contribute to how mechanical cues direct stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Jin Kim
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Department of Bioengineering and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Bioengineering and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Department of Integrative and Molecular Physiology, Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Shaoying Lu
- Department of Bioengineering and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience and Department of Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Department of Bioengineering and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience and Department of Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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23
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Xie L, Yui J, Fujinaga M, Hatori A, Yamasaki T, Kumata K, Wakizaka H, Furutsuka K, Takei M, Jin ZH, Furukawa T, Kawamura K, Zhang MR. Molecular imaging of ectopic metabotropic glutamate 1 receptor in melanoma with a positron emission tomography radioprobe (18) F-FITM. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:1852-9. [PMID: 24643962 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Oncoimaging using positron emission tomography (PET) with a specific radioprobe would facilitate individualized cancer management. Evidence indicates that ectopically expressed metabotropic glutamate 1 (mGlu1) receptor independently induces melanocyte carcinogenesis, and it is therefore becoming an important target for personalized diagnosis and treatment strategies for melanomas. Here, we report the development of an oncoprotein-based PET imaging platform in melanomas for noninvasive visualization and quantification of mGlu1 with a novel mGlu1-specific radioprobe, 4-(18)F-fluoro-N-[4-[6-(isopropyl amino)pyrimidin-4-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-N-methylbenzamide ((18)F-FITM). (18)F-FITM shows excellent pharmacokinetics, namely the dense and specific accumulation in mGlu1-positive melanomas versus mGlu1-negative hepatoma and normal tissues. Furthermore, the accumulation levels of radioactivity corresponded to the extent of tumor and to levels of mGlu1 protein expression in melanomas and melanoma metastasis. The (18)F-FITM PET imaging platform, as a noninvasive personalized diagnostic tool, is expected to open a new avenue for defining individualized therapeutic strategies, clinical trials, patient management and understanding mGlu1-triggered oncologic events in melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xie
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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24
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U1 Adaptor Oligonucleotides Targeting BCL2 and GRM1 Suppress Growth of Human Melanoma Xenografts In Vivo. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2013; 2:e92. [PMID: 23673539 PMCID: PMC4817935 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2013.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
U1 Adaptor is a recently discovered oligonucleotide-based gene-silencing technology with a unique mechanism of action that targets nuclear pre-mRNA processing. U1 Adaptors have two distinct functional domains, both of which must be present on the same oligonucleotide to exert their gene-silencing function. Here, we present the first in vivo use of U1 Adaptors by targeting two different human genes implicated in melanomagenesis, B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) and metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (GRM1), in a human melanoma cell xenograft mouse model system. Using a newly developed dendrimer delivery system, anti-BCL2 U1 Adaptors were very potent and suppressed tumor growth at doses as low as 34 µg/kg with twice weekly intravenous (iv) administration. Anti-GRM1 U1 Adaptors suppressed tumor xenograft growth with similar potency. Mechanism of action was demonstrated by showing target gene suppression in tumors and by observing that negative control U1 Adaptors with just one functional domain show no tumor suppression activity. The anti-BCL2 and anti-GRM1 treatments were equally effective against cell lines harboring either wild-type or a mutant V600E B-RAF allele, the most common mutation in melanoma. Treatment of normal immune-competent mice (C57BL6) indicated no organ toxicity or immune stimulation. These proof-of-concept studies represent an in-depth (over 800 mice in ~108 treatment groups) validation that U1 Adaptors are a highly potent gene-silencing therapeutic and open the way for their further development to treat other human diseases.
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25
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Differential expression of the G-protein-coupled formyl Peptide receptor in melanoma associates with aggressive phenotype. Am J Dermatopathol 2013; 35:184-90. [PMID: 23147350 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0b013e31825b2506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma, due to its metastatic rate, is among the most aggressive forms of skin cancer. Human formyl peptide receptor (FPR) and its variant FPR-like 1 (FPRL1) have been associated with cell migration and invasiveness in neoplasms. We have studied the in situ expression of these receptors in a large series of melanocytic lesions and correlated the expression with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Tissue microarray blocks of 141 cases including nevi (31 cases), primary (84 cases), and metastatic melanomas (26 cases) were semiquantitatively evaluated by immunohistochemistry for the expression of FPR and FPRL1 proteins. A significant association was observed regarding diagnosis and percentage of cells showing expression of FPR (P = 0.0311) and FPRL1 (P = 0.0053). A gain of FPR immunoreactivity was observed in the lesions having ulceration (P = 0.0194) and Breslow thickness (P = 0.044). Also, high FPRL1 cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was seen in lesions without tumor regression (P = 0.04). In addition, in patients with increased cytoplasmic staining for FPR, the probability of disease-specific survival was significantly lower (log rank test, P = 0.0089). Our findings reveal that FPR and FPRL1 are overexpressed in primary melanoma and correlate with aggressive tumor characteristics, underscoring them as potential therapeutic targets.
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G Protein-Coupled Receptors in cancer: biochemical interactions and drug design. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2013; 115:143-73. [PMID: 23415094 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394587-7.00004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) share the same topology made of seven-transmembrane segments and represent the largest family of membrane receptors. Initially associated with signal transduction in differentiated cells, GPCRs and heterotrimeric G proteins were shown to behave as proto-oncogenes whose overexpression or activating mutations confer transforming properties. The first part of this review focuses on the link between biochemical interactions of a GPCR with other receptors, such as dimerization or multiprotein complexes, and their oncogenic properties. Alteration of these interactions or deregulation of transduction cascades can promote uncontrolled cell proliferation or cell transformation that leads to tumorigenicity and malignancy. The second part concerns the design of drugs specifically targeting these complex interactions and their promise in cancer therapy.
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Linglart A, Fryssira H, Hiort O, Holterhus PM, Perez de Nanclares G, Argente J, Heinrichs C, Kuechler A, Mantovani G, Leheup B, Wicart P, Chassot V, Schmidt D, Rubio-Cabezas Ó, Richter-Unruh A, Berrade S, Pereda A, Boros E, Muñoz-Calvo MT, Castori M, Gunes Y, Bertrand G, Bougnères P, Clauser E, Silve C. PRKAR1A and PDE4D mutations cause acrodysostosis but two distinct syndromes with or without GPCR-signaling hormone resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:E2328-38. [PMID: 23043190 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-2326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Acrodysostosis is a rare skeletal dysplasia that is associated with multiple resistance to G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling hormones in a subset of patients. Acrodysostosis is genetically heterogeneous because it results from heterozygous mutations in PRKAR1A or PDE4D, two key actors in the GPCR-cAMP-protein kinase A pathway. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to identify the phenotypic features that distinguish the two genotypes causing acrodysostosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixteen unrelated patients with acrodysostosis underwent a candidate-gene approach and were investigated for phenotypic features. RESULTS All patients had heterozygous de novo mutations. Fourteen patients carried a PRKAR1A mutation (PRKAR1A patients), five each a novel PRKAR1A mutation (p.Q285R, p.G289E, p.A328V, p.R335L, or p.Q372X), nine the reported PRKAR1A p.R368X mutation; two patients harbored a mutation in PDE4D (PDE4D patients) (one novel mutation, p.A227S; one reported, p.E590A). All PRKAR1A, but none of the PDE4D mutated patients were resistant to PTH and TSH. Two PRKAR1A patients each with a novel mutation presented a specific pattern of brachydactyly. One PDE4D patient presented with acroskyphodysplasia. Additional phenotypic differences included mental retardation in PDE4D patients. In addition, we report the presence of pigmented skin lesions in PRKAR1A and PDE4D patients, a feature not yet described in the acrodysostosis entity. CONCLUSIONS All PRKAR1A and PDE4D patients present similar bone dysplasia characterizing acrodysostosis. Phenotypic differences, including the presence of resistance to GPCR-cAMP signaling hormones in PRKAR1A but not PDE4D patients, indicate phenotype-genotype correlations and highlight the specific contributions of PRKAR1A and PDE4D in cAMP signaling in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Linglart
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 986 et Centre de Reference des Maladies Rares du Phosphate et du Calcium, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre Cedex, France
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Walker G. P-REX1, a Rac guanine exchange factor, links melanocyte development and melanoma progression. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2012; 24:1086-7. [PMID: 22216451 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2011.00934.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ultraviolet radiation and the slug transcription factor induce proinflammatory and immunomodulatory mediator expression in melanocytes. J Skin Cancer 2012; 2012:410925. [PMID: 22745913 PMCID: PMC3382223 DOI: 10.1155/2012/410925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive investigation, the precise contribution of the ultraviolet radiation (UVR) component of sunlight to melanoma etiology remains unclear. UVR induces keratinocytes to secrete proinflammatory and immunomodulatory mediators that promote inflammation and skin tumor development; expression of the slug transcription factor in keratinocytes is required for maximal production of these mediators. In the present studies we examined the possibility that UVR-exposed melanocytes also produce proinflammatory mediators and that Slug is important in this process. Microarray studies revealed that both UVR exposure and Slug overexpression altered transcription of a variety of proinflammatory mediators by normal human melanocytes; some of these mediators are also known to stimulate melanocyte growth and migration. There was little overlap in the spectra of cytokines produced by the two stimuli. However IL-20 was similarly induced by both stimuli and the NFκB pathway appeared to be important in both circumstances. Further exploration of UVR-induced and Slug-dependent pathways of cytokine induction in melanocytes may reveal novel targets for melanoma therapy.
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Abstract
Ion channels and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a fundamental role in cancer progression by influencing Ca(2+) influx and signaling pathways in transformed cells. Transformed cells thrive in a hostile environment that is characterized by extracellular acidosis that promotes the pathological phenotype. The pathway(s) by which extracellular protons achieve this remain unclear. Here, a role for proton-sensing ion channels and GPCRs as mediators of the effects of extracellular protons in cancer cells is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Glitsch
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Exon capture analysis of G protein-coupled receptors identifies activating mutations in GRM3 in melanoma. Nat Genet 2011; 43:1119-26. [PMID: 21946352 PMCID: PMC3376644 DOI: 10.1038/ng.950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest human gene family, are important regulators of signaling pathways. However, knowledge of their genetic alterations is limited. In this study, we used exon capture and massively parallel sequencing methods to analyze the mutational status of 734 GPCRs in melanoma. This investigation revealed that one family member, GRM3, was frequently mutated and that one of its mutations clustered within one position. Biochemical analysis of GRM3 alterations revealed that mutant GRM3 selectively regulated the phosphorylation of MEK, leading to increased anchorage-independent growth and migration. Melanoma cells expressing mutant GRM3 had reduced cell growth and cellular migration after short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of GRM3 or treatment with a selective MEK inhibitor, AZD-6244, which is currently being used in phase 2 clinical trials. Our study yields the most comprehensive map of genetic alterations in the GPCR gene family.
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Abstract
With the emerging new crystal structures of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), the number of reported in silico receptor models vastly increases every year. The use of these models in lead optimization (LO) is investigated here. Although there are many studies where GPCR models are used to identify new chemotypes by virtual screening, the classical application in LO is rarely reported. The reason for this may be that the quality of a model, which is appropriate for atomistic modeling, must be very high, and the biology of GPCR ligand-dependent signaling is still not fully understood. However, the few reported studies show that GPCR models can be used efficiently in LO for various problems, such as affinity optimization or tuning of physicochemical parameters.
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Lee HJ, Wall BA, Wangari-Talbot J, Shin SS, Rosenberg S, Chan JLK, Namkoong J, Goydos JS, Chen S. Glutamatergic pathway targeting in melanoma: single-agent and combinatorial therapies. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:7080-92. [PMID: 21844014 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Melanoma is a heterogeneous disease where monotherapies are likely to fail due to variations in genomic signatures. B-RAF inhibitors have been clinically inadequate but response might be augmented with combination therapies targeting multiple signaling pathways. We investigate the preclinical efficacy of combining the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib or the mutated B-RAF inhibitor PLX4720 with riluzole, an inhibitor of glutamate release that antagonizes metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (GRM1) signaling in melanoma cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Melanoma cell lines that express GRM1 and either wild-type B-RAF or mutated B-RAF were treated with riluzole, sorafenib, PLX4720, or the combination of riluzole either with sorafenib or with PLX4720. Extracellular glutamate levels were determined by glutamate release assays. MTT assays and cell-cycle analysis show effects of the compounds on proliferation, viability, and cell-cycle profiles. Western immunoblotting and immunohistochemical staining showed apoptotic markers. Consequences on mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway were assessed by Western immunoblotting. Xenograft tumor models were used to determine the efficacy of the compounds in vivo. RESULTS The combination of riluzole with sorafenib exhibited enhanced antitumor activities in GRM1-expressing melanoma cells harboring either wild-type or mutated B-RAF. The combination of riluzole with PLX4720 showed lessened efficacy compared with the combination of riluzole and sorafenib in suppressing the growth of GRM1-expressing cells harboring the B-RAF(V600E) mutation. CONCLUSIONS The combination of riluzole with sorafenib seems potent in suppressing tumor proliferation in vitro and in vivo in GRM1-expressing melanoma cells regardless of B-RAF genotype and may be a viable therapeutic clinical combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Jin Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
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Gilaberte Y, Roca MJ, Garcia-Prats MD, Coscojuela C, Arbues MD, Vera-Alvarez JJ. Neuropeptide Y expression in cutaneous melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011; 66:e201-8. [PMID: 21620518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 12/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is widely found in the nervous system and has a role in numerous physiologic processes. In addition, NPY receptors are expressed in neuroendocrine tumors, breast cancer, prostate cancer, kidney cancer, and some types of sarcomas. Different neuropeptides, particularly α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of melanoma. OBJECTIVE We sought to analyze the expression of NPY in cutaneous melanoma, its association with clinical and histologic features, and its correlation with α-MSH. METHODS This was an observational study of the immunohistochemical expression of NPY and α-MSH in tissue samples of cutaneous melanomas, different types of melanocytic nevi, and melanoma metastases diagnosed from 2004 to 2008 in San Jorge Hospital, Huesca, Spain. RESULTS A total of 184 lesions were studied: 49 primary cutaneous melanomas, 12 melanoma metastases (9 cutaneous and 3 lymphatic), and 123 melanocytic nevi. Immunostaining revealed that levels of NPY and α-MSH were significantly higher in melanomas than in melanocytic nevi (P < .001). Melanoma metastases were negative for both neuropeptides. Nodular melanomas showed the highest median percentage of NPY positive cells (75% [20-95]) followed by superficial spreading melanoma (25% [2-92]), whereas lentigo maligna were negative (0% [0-0]). Significant, direct associations between NPY expression and vertical growth (P = .0141) and presence of metastasis (P = .0196) were observed. NPY and α-MSH were positively correlated in cutaneous melanoma (0.49, P < .001). LIMITATIONS The sample size of melanomas was not very large. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that NPY is significantly expressed in melanomas, especially the nodular type, being associated with invasiveness independently of proliferative markers such as thickness, ulceration, and mitotic index.
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ERK and PDE4 cooperate to induce RAF isoform switching in melanoma. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2011; 18:584-91. [PMID: 21478863 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Melanocytes use BRAF to activate the MAP kinase (MAPK) pathway because CRAF is inhibited by the cyclic AMP (cAMP) pathway in these cells. By contrast, melanomas harboring Ras mutations use CRAF to activate the MAPK pathway. We describe the molecular mechanism of Raf isoform switching and cAMP pathway disruption, which take place during melanocyte transformation. We show that overactivation of the MAPK pathway, induced by the oncogenic Ras in melanoma, induces constitutive phosphorylation of BRAF on Ser151 by ERK, which inhibits NRAS-BRAF interaction . We also demonstrate that melanoma cells have elevated cAMP phosphodiesterase activity owing to overexpression of the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase-4 enzymes; this activity inhibits cAMP signaling and allows CRAF reactivation in these cells. Reactivating the cAMP pathway inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of Ras-mutated melanoma cells, suggesting a new therapeutic approach for treating melanomas harboring Ras mutations.
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Valsesia A, Rimoldi D, Martinet D, Ibberson M, Benaglio P, Quadroni M, Waridel P, Gaillard M, Pidoux M, Rapin B, Rivolta C, Xenarios I, Simpson AJG, Antonarakis SE, Beckmann JS, Jongeneel CV, Iseli C, Stevenson BJ. Network-guided analysis of genes with altered somatic copy number and gene expression reveals pathways commonly perturbed in metastatic melanoma. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18369. [PMID: 21494657 PMCID: PMC3072964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer genomes frequently contain somatic copy number alterations (SCNA) that can significantly perturb the expression level of affected genes and thus disrupt pathways controlling normal growth. In melanoma, many studies have focussed on the copy number and gene expression levels of the BRAF, PTEN and MITF genes, but little has been done to identify new genes using these parameters at the genome-wide scale. Using karyotyping, SNP and CGH arrays, and RNA-seq, we have identified SCNA affecting gene expression ('SCNA-genes') in seven human metastatic melanoma cell lines. We showed that the combination of these techniques is useful to identify candidate genes potentially involved in tumorigenesis. Since few of these alterations were recurrent across our samples, we used a protein network-guided approach to determine whether any pathways were enriched in SCNA-genes in one or more samples. From this unbiased genome-wide analysis, we identified 28 significantly enriched pathway modules. Comparison with two large, independent melanoma SCNA datasets showed less than 10% overlap at the individual gene level, but network-guided analysis revealed 66% shared pathways, including all but three of the pathways identified in our data. Frequently altered pathways included WNT, cadherin signalling, angiogenesis and melanogenesis. Additionally, our results emphasize the potential of the EPHA3 and FRS2 gene products, involved in angiogenesis and migration, as possible therapeutic targets in melanoma. Our study demonstrates the utility of network-guided approaches, for both large and small datasets, to identify pathways recurrently perturbed in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armand Valsesia
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Donata Rimoldi
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Martinet
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mark Ibberson
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paola Benaglio
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manfredo Quadroni
- Protein Analysis Facility, Center for Integrative Genomics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrice Waridel
- Protein Analysis Facility, Center for Integrative Genomics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Muriel Gaillard
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mireille Pidoux
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Blandine Rapin
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Rivolta
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Andrew J. G. Simpson
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Jacques S. Beckmann
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C. Victor Jongeneel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute for Genomic Biology and National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Christian Iseli
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (CI); (BJS)
| | - Brian J. Stevenson
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (CI); (BJS)
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Biomarkers: the useful and the not so useful--an assessment of molecular prognostic markers for cutaneous melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:1971-87. [PMID: 20555347 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Among individuals with localized (Stage I-II) melanoma, stratifying patients by a number of phenotypic variables (e.g., depth of invasion, ulceration) yields a wide range of 10-year melanoma-specific survival rates. With the possible exception of Ki-67, no molecular assessment is routinely used. However, there have been a tremendous number of studies assessing protein expression by immunohistochemistry toward the goal of better prediction of recurrence. In a previous systematic review, which required publication of multivariable prognostic models as a strict inclusion criterion, we identified 37 manuscripts that collectively reported on 62 proteins. Data for 324 proteins extracted from 418 manuscripts did not meet our inclusion criteria for that study, but are revisited here, emphasizing trends of protein expression across either melanocytic lesion progression or gradations of tumor thickness. These identified 101 additional proteins that stratify melanoma, organized according to the Hanahan and Weinberg functional capabilities of cancer.
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Becker JC, Houben R, Schrama D, Voigt H, Ugurel S, Reisfeld RA. Mouse models for melanoma: a personal perspective. Exp Dermatol 2010; 19:157-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00986.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Saldana-Caboverde A, Kos L. Roles of endothelin signaling in melanocyte development and melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2010; 23:160-70. [PMID: 20128875 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2010.00678.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin (Edn) signaling via the G-coupled, Edn receptor type B (Ednrb) is essential for the development of melanocytes from the neural crest (NC) and has been associated with melanoma progression. Edn3 plays varying roles during melanocyte development, promoting the proliferation and self-renewal of NC-derived multi- and bi-potential precursors as well as the survival, proliferation, differentiation and migration of committed melanocyte precursors. Melanocyte differentiation is achieved via the interaction of Ednrb and Kit signaling, with Ednrb being specifically required in the final differentiation step, rather than in the initial specification of melanocytic fate. Ednrb has also been implicated in the de-differentiation of mature melanocytes, a process that takes place during the malignant transformation of these cells. Ednrb was found to be upregulated in melanoma metastases and was shown to alter tumor-host interactions leading to melanoma progression. Antagonists to this receptor were shown to inhibit melanoma cell growth and increase the apoptotic rate of these cells, and to lead to disease stabilization in melanoma patients. Thus, Edn signaling inhibition may prove useful in the treatment of certain types of melanoma.
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Markovic D, Challiss RAJ. Alternative splicing of G protein-coupled receptors: physiology and pathophysiology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:3337-52. [PMID: 19629391 PMCID: PMC11115665 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Revised: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a superfamily of transmembrane receptors that have a broad distribution and can collectively recognise a diverse array of ligands. Activation or inhibition of GPCR signalling can affect many (patho)physiological processes, and consequently they are a major target for existing and emerging drug therapies. A common observation has been that the pharmacological, signalling and regulatory properties of GPCRs can differ in a cell- and tissue-specific manner. Such "phenotypic" diversity might be attributable to post-translational modifications and/or association of GPCRs with accessory proteins, however, post-transcriptional mechanisms are also likely to contribute. Although approximately 50% of GPCR genes are intronless, those that possess introns can undergo alternative splicing, generating GPCR subtype isoforms that may differ in their pharmacological, signalling and regulatory properties. In this review we shall highlight recent research into GPCR splice variation and discuss the potential consequences this might have for GPCR function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Markovic
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Leicester, UK.
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Ishii S, Noguchi K, Yanagida K. Non-Edg family lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptors. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2009; 89:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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