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Zheng C, Sarin KY. Unveiling the genetic landscape of hereditary melanoma: From susceptibility to surveillance. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2024; 40:100837. [PMID: 39137473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2024.100837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The multifactorial etiology underlying melanoma development involves an array of genetic, phenotypic, and environmental factors. Genetic predisposition for melanoma is further influenced by the complex interplay between high-, medium-, and low-penetrance genes, each contributing to varying degrees of susceptibility. Within this network, high-penetrance genes, including CDKN2A, CDK4, BAP1, and POT1, are linked to a pronounced risk for disease, whereas medium- and low-penetrance genes, such as MC1R, MITF, and others, contribute only moderately to melanoma risk. Notably, these genetic factors not only heighten the risk of melanoma but may also increase susceptibility towards internal malignancies, such as pancreatic cancer, renal cell cancer, or neural tumors. Genetic testing and counseling hold paramount importance in the clinical context of suspected hereditary melanoma, facilitating risk assessment, personalized surveillance strategies, and informed decision-making. As our understanding of the genomic landscape deepens, this review paper aims to comprehensively summarize the genetic underpinnings of hereditary melanoma, as well as current screening and management strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenming Zheng
- Stanford University Department of Dermatology, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Kavita Y Sarin
- Stanford University Department of Dermatology, Redwood City, CA, USA.
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2
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Cui HS, Joo SY, Cho YS, Lee YR, Ro YM, Kwak IS, Hur GY, Seo CH. Exosomes Derived from Hypertrophic Scar Fibroblasts Suppress Melanogenesis in Normal Human Epidermal Melanocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7236. [PMID: 39000342 PMCID: PMC11241421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-burn hypertrophic scars often exhibit abnormal pigmentation. Exosomes play important roles in maintaining normal physiological homeostasis and in the pathological development of diseases. This study investigated the effects of the exosomes derived from hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HTSFs) on melanocytes, which are pigment-producing cells. Normal fibroblasts (NFs) and HTSFs were isolated and cultured from normal skin and hypertrophic scar (HTS) tissue. Both the NF- and HTSF-exosomes were isolated from a cell culture medium and purified using a column-based technique. The normal human epidermal melanocytes were treated with both exosomes at a concentration of 100 μg/mL at different times. The cell proliferation, melanin content in the medium, apoptotic factors, transcription factors, melanin synthesis enzymes, signaling, signal transduction pathways, and activators of transcription factors (STAT) 1, 3, 5, and 6 were investigated. Compared with the Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS)-treated controls and NF-exosomes, the HTSF-exosomes decreased the melanocyte proliferation and melanin secretion. The molecular patterns of apoptosis, proliferation, melanin synthesis, Smad and non-Smad signaling, and STATs were altered by the treatment with the HTSF-exosomes. No significant differences were observed between the DPBS-treated control and NF-exosome-treated cells. HTSF-derived exosomes may play a role in the pathological epidermal hypopigmentation observed in patients with HTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Song Cui
- Burn Institute, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea; (H.S.C.); (Y.R.L.); (Y.M.R.)
| | - So Young Joo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.J.); (Y.S.C.)
| | - Yoon Soo Cho
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.J.); (Y.S.C.)
| | - You Ra Lee
- Burn Institute, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea; (H.S.C.); (Y.R.L.); (Y.M.R.)
| | - Yu Mi Ro
- Burn Institute, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea; (H.S.C.); (Y.R.L.); (Y.M.R.)
| | - In Suk Kwak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea;
| | - Gi Yeun Hur
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheong Hoon Seo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.J.); (Y.S.C.)
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3
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Ralli S, Vira T, Robles-Espinoza CD, Adams DJ, Brooks-Wilson AR. Variant ranking pipeline for complex familial disorders. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13599. [PMID: 38866901 PMCID: PMC11169219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying genetic susceptibility factors for complex disorders remains a challenging task. To analyze collections of small and large pedigrees where genetic heterogeneity is likely, but biological commonalities are plausible, we have developed a weights-based pipeline to prioritize variants and genes. The Weights-based vAriant Ranking in Pedigrees (WARP) pipeline prioritizes variants using 5 weights: disease incidence rate, number of cases in a family, genome fraction shared amongst cases in a family, allele frequency and variant deleteriousness. Weights, except for the population allele frequency weight, are normalized between 0 and 1. Weights are combined multiplicatively to produce family-specific-variant weights that are then averaged across all families in which the variant is observed to generate a multifamily weight. Sorting multifamily weights in descending order creates a ranked list of variants and genes for further investigation. WARP was validated using familial melanoma sequence data from the European Genome-phenome Archive. The pipeline identified variation in known germline melanoma genes POT1, MITF and BAP1 in 4 out of 13 families (31%). Analysis of the other 9 families identified several interesting genes, some of which might have a role in melanoma. WARP provides an approach to identify disease predisposing genes in studies with small and large pedigrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Ralli
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Tariq Vira
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | | | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Angela R Brooks-Wilson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
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Min Y, Yu H, Li Q. Transcriptional and post-translational regulation of MITF mediated by bHLH domain during the melanogenesis and melanocyte proliferation in Crassostrea gigas. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131138. [PMID: 38547943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Melanocyte differentiation is orchestrated by the master regulator transcription factor MITF. However, its ability to discern distinct binding sites linked to effective gene regulation remains poorly understood. This study aims to assess how co-activator acetyltransferase interacts with MITF to modulate their related lysine action, thereby mediating downstream gene regulation, including DNA affinity, stability, transcriptional activity, particularly in the process of shell pigmentation. Here, we have demonstrated that the CgMITF protein can be acetylated, further enabling selective amplification of the melanocyte maturation program. Collaboration with transcriptional co-regulator p300 advances MITF dynamically interplay with downstream targeted gene promoters. We have established that MITF activation was partially dependent on the bHLH domain, which was well conserved across species. The bHLH domain contained conserved lysine residues, including K6 and K43, which interacted with the E-box motif of downstream targeted-genes. Mutations at K6 and K43 lead to a decrease in the binding affinity of the E-box motif. CgMITF protein bound to the E-box motif within the promoter regions of the tyrosinase-related genes, contributing to melanogenesis, and also interacted with the E-box motif within the TBX2 promoter regions, associated with melanocyte proliferation. We elucidated how the bHLH domain links the transcriptional regulation and acetylation modifications in the melanocyte development in C. gigas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Min
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, and College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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5
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Wolfram L, Gimpel C, Schwämmle M, Clark SJ, Böhringer D, Schlunck G. The impact of substrate stiffness on morphological, transcriptional and functional aspects in RPE. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7488. [PMID: 38553490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56661-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the structure and composition of Bruch's membrane (BrM) and loss of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are associated with various ocular diseases, notably age-related macular degeneration (AMD) as well as several inherited retinal diseases (IRDs). We explored the influence of stiffness as a major BrM characteristic on the RPE transcriptome and morphology. ARPE-19 cells were plated on soft ( E = 30 kPa ) or stiff ( E = 80 kPa ) polyacrylamide gels (PA gels) or standard tissue culture plastic (TCP). Next-generation sequencing (NGS) data on differentially expressed small RNAs (sRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were validated by qPCR, immunofluorescence or western blotting. The microRNA (miRNA) fraction of sRNAs grew with substrate stiffness and distinct miRNAs such as miR-204 or miR-222 were differentially expressed. mRNA targets of differentially expressed miRNAs were stably expressed, suggesting a homeostatic effect of miRNAs. mRNA transcription patterns were substrate stiffness-dependent, including components of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor (MITF) and Dicer. These findings highlight the relevance of mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in cell culture experiments, especially those focusing on ECM-related diseases, such as AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Wolfram
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Department for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department for Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Clara Gimpel
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Schlosspark-Klinik Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melanie Schwämmle
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon J Clark
- Department for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department for Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Daniel Böhringer
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Günther Schlunck
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Shao J, Lang Y, Ding M, Yin X, Cui L. Transcription Factor EB: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Ischemic Stroke. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:170-190. [PMID: 37491856 PMCID: PMC10788889 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230724095558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is an important endogenous defensive protein that responds to ischemic stimuli. Acute ischemic stroke is a growing concern due to its high morbidity and mortality. Most survivors suffer from disabilities such as numbness or weakness in an arm or leg, facial droop, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, confusion, impaired balance or coordination, or loss of vision. Although TFEB plays a neuroprotective role, its potential effect on ischemic stroke remains unclear. This article describes the basic structure, regulation of transcriptional activity, and biological roles of TFEB relevant to ischemic stroke. Additionally, we explore the effects of TFEB on the various pathological processes underlying ischemic stroke and current therapeutic approaches. The information compiled here may inform clinical and basic studies on TFEB, which may be an effective therapeutic drug target for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Lang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Manqiu Ding
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiang Yin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Cui
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Katkat E, Demirci Y, Heger G, Karagulle D, Papatheodorou I, Brazma A, Ozhan G. Canonical Wnt and TGF-β/BMP signaling enhance melanocyte regeneration but suppress invasiveness, migration, and proliferation of melanoma cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1297910. [PMID: 38020918 PMCID: PMC10679360 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1297910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and develops from the melanocytes that are responsible for the pigmentation of the skin. The skin is also a highly regenerative organ, harboring a pool of undifferentiated melanocyte stem cells that proliferate and differentiate into mature melanocytes during regenerative processes in the adult. Melanoma and melanocyte regeneration share remarkable cellular features, including activation of cell proliferation and migration. Yet, melanoma considerably differs from the regenerating melanocytes with respect to abnormal proliferation, invasive growth, and metastasis. Thus, it is likely that at the cellular level, melanoma resembles early stages of melanocyte regeneration with increased proliferation but separates from the later melanocyte regeneration stages due to reduced proliferation and enhanced differentiation. Here, by exploiting the zebrafish melanocytes that can efficiently regenerate and be induced to undergo malignant melanoma, we unravel the transcriptome profiles of the regenerating melanocytes during early and late regeneration and the melanocytic nevi and malignant melanoma. Our global comparison of the gene expression profiles of melanocyte regeneration and nevi/melanoma uncovers the opposite regulation of a substantial number of genes related to Wnt signaling and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/(bone morphogenetic protein) BMP signaling pathways between regeneration and cancer. Functional activation of canonical Wnt or TGF-β/BMP pathways during melanocyte regeneration promoted melanocyte regeneration but potently suppressed the invasiveness, migration, and proliferation of human melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the opposite regulation of signaling mechanisms between melanocyte regeneration and melanoma can be exploited to stop tumor growth and develop new anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Katkat
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Türkiye
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Yeliz Demirci
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Türkiye
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | | | - Doga Karagulle
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Türkiye
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Irene Papatheodorou
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory—European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alvis Brazma
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory—European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gunes Ozhan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Türkiye
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Türkiye
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Bian WP, Xie SL, Wang C, Martinovich GG, Ma YB, Jia PP, Pei DS. mitfa deficiency promotes immune vigor and potentiates antitumor effects in zebrafish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109130. [PMID: 37777099 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The mitfa gene is a well-known transcription factor associated with microphthalmia and is essential for early melanophore development. However, little is known about how mitfa affects the immune system. Here, we generated a novel mitfa knock-out zebrafish line using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The mitfa-/- zebrafish exhibited reduced melanin levels compared to the nacre mutant. We investigated the impact on the immune system after exposure to Edwardsiella tarda and bifenazate in zebrafish larvae, and observed that the macrophage numbers were reduced in both treated groups. Remarkably, the expression levels of immune-related genes exhibited significant increases after bacterial challenge or bifenazate exposure in the mitfa-/- zebrafish, except for tlr4 and rela. Furthermore, we conducted xenograft experiments using mouse B16 melanoma cells. Notably, the cancer cells didn't show a high cell migration ratio, implying that the immune system was highly activated after the loss of mifta. Taken together, our findings suggest that mitfa-/- zebrafish serve as a valuable model for investigating the relationship between the immune system and melanocytes, providing new insights into the role of mitfa in immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ping Bian
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Shao-Lin Xie
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | | | - Yan-Bo Ma
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Pan-Pan Jia
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Cao M, Xu T, Song Y, Wang H, Wei S, Yin D. 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether causes depigmentation in zebrafish larvae via a light-mediated pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165382. [PMID: 37422226 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are organic pollutants widely detected in various environmental media due to their high persistence and bioaccumulation. PBDE-induced visual impairment and neurotoxicity were previously demonstrated using zebrafish (Danio rerio) models, and recent research reported the phenotypic depigmentation effect of PBDEs at high concentrations on zebrafish, but whether those effects are still present at environment-relevant levels is still unclear. Herein, we performed both phenotypic examination and mechanism investigation in zebrafish embryos (48 hpf) and larvae (5 dpf) about their pigmentation status when exposing to PBDE congener BDE-47 (2,2',4,4'-tetrabrominated diphenyl ether) at levels from 0.25 to 25 μg/L. Results showed that low-level BDE-47 can restrain the relative melanin abundance of zebrafish larvae to 70.47% (p < 0.05) and 61.54% (p < 0.01) respectively under 2.5 and 25 μg/L BDE-47 compared with control, and the thickness of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) remarkably reduced from 571.4 nm to 350.3 nm (p < 0.001) under 25 μg/L BDE-47 exposure. We also observed disrupted expressions of melanin synthesis genes and disorganized mitfa differentiation patterns based on Tg(mifta:EGFP), as well as visual impairment resulting from thinner RPE. Considering both processes of visual development and melanin synthesis are highly sensitive to ambient light conditions, we prolonged the light regime of maintaining zebrafish larvae from 14 hours light versus 10 hours dark (14L:10D) to 18 hours light versus 6 hours dark (18L:6D). Lengthening photoperiod successfully rescued the fluorescent level of mitfa in zebrafish epidermis and most gene expressions associated with melanin synthesis under 25 μg/L BDE-47 exposure to the normal level. In conclusion, our work reported the effects of low-level PBDEs on melanin production using zebrafish embryos and larvae, and identified the potential role of a light-mediated pathway in the neurotoxic mechanism of PBDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yiqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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10
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Shinzawa K, Matsumoto S, Sada R, Harada A, Saitoh K, Kato K, Ikeda S, Hirayama A, Yokoi K, Tanemura A, Nimura K, Ikawa M, Soga T, Kikuchi A. GREB1 isoform 4 is specifically transcribed by MITF and required for melanoma proliferation. Oncogene 2023; 42:3142-3156. [PMID: 37658191 PMCID: PMC10575781 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02803-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Growth regulation by estrogen in breast cancer 1 (GREB1) is involved in hormone-dependent and -independent tumor development (e.g., hepatoblastoma). In this study, we found that a GREB1 splicing variant, isoform 4 (Is4), which encodes C-terminal half of full-length GREB1, is specifically expressed via microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in melanocytic melanoma, and that two MITF-binding E-box CANNTG motifs at the 5'-upstream region of GREB1 exon 19 are necessary for GREB1 Is4 transcription. MITF and GREB1 Is4 were strongly co-expressed in approximately 20% of the melanoma specimens evaluated (17/89 cases) and their expression was associated with tumor thickness. GREB1 Is4 silencing reduced melanoma cell proliferation in association with altered expression of cell proliferation-related genes in vitro. In addition, GREB1 Is4 targeting by antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) decreased melanoma xenograft tumor formation and GREB1 Is4 expression in a BRAFV600E; PTENflox melanoma mouse model promoted melanoma formation, demonstrating the crucial role of GREB1 Is4 for melanoma proliferation in vivo. GREB1 Is4 bound to CAD, the rate-limiting enzyme of pyrimidine metabolism, and metabolic flux analysis revealed that GREBI Is4 is necessary for pyrimidine synthesis. These results suggest that MITF-dependent GREB1 Is4 expression leads to melanoma proliferation and GREB1 Is4 represents a new molecular target in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koei Shinzawa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Shinji Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryota Sada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akikazu Harada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaori Saitoh
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Keiko Kato
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Satsuki Ikeda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yokoi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanemura
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nimura
- Department of Genome Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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11
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Louphrasitthiphol P, Loffreda A, Pogenberg V, Picaud S, Schepsky A, Friedrichsen H, Zeng Z, Lashgari A, Thomas B, Patton EE, Wilmanns M, Filippakopoulos P, Lambert JP, Steingrímsson E, Mazza D, Goding CR. Acetylation reprograms MITF target selectivity and residence time. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6051. [PMID: 37770430 PMCID: PMC10539308 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41793-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of transcription factors to discriminate between different classes of binding sites associated with specific biological functions underpins effective gene regulation in development and homeostasis. How this is achieved is poorly understood. The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor MITF is a lineage-survival oncogene that plays a crucial role in melanocyte development and melanoma. MITF suppresses invasion, reprograms metabolism and promotes both proliferation and differentiation. How MITF distinguishes between differentiation and proliferation-associated targets is unknown. Here we show that compared to many transcription factors MITF exhibits a very long residence time which is reduced by p300/CBP-mediated MITF acetylation at K206. While K206 acetylation also decreases genome-wide MITF DNA-binding affinity, it preferentially directs DNA binding away from differentiation-associated CATGTG motifs toward CACGTG elements. The results reveal an acetylation-mediated switch that suppresses differentiation and provides a mechanistic explanation of why a human K206Q MITF mutation is associated with Waardenburg syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakavarin Louphrasitthiphol
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Alessia Loffreda
- Experimental Imaging Center, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Vivian Pogenberg
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Hamburg Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Picaud
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander Schepsky
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hans Friedrichsen
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Zhiqiang Zeng
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, MRC Human Genetics Unit & Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anahita Lashgari
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada; Endocrinology - Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Benjamin Thomas
- Central Proteomics Facility, Sir William Dunn Pathology School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E Elizabeth Patton
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, MRC Human Genetics Unit & Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Matthias Wilmanns
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany
- University Hamburg Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Panagis Filippakopoulos
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Jean-Philippe Lambert
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada; Endocrinology - Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Eiríkur Steingrímsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Davide Mazza
- Experimental Imaging Center, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- Università Vita-Salulte San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Colin R Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK.
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12
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García-Llorca A, Ólafsson KH, Sigurdsson AT, Eysteinsson T. Progressive Cone-Rod Dystrophy and RPE Dysfunction in Mitfmi/+ Mice. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1458. [PMID: 37510362 PMCID: PMC10379086 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the mouse microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf) gene affect retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) differentiation and development and can lead to hypopigmentation, microphthalmia, deafness, and blindness. For instance, an association has been established between loss-of-function mutations in the mouse Mitf gene and a variety of human retinal diseases, including Waardenburg type 2 and Tietz syndromes. Although there is evidence showing that mice with the homozygous Mitfmi mutation manifest microphthalmia and osteopetrosis, there are limited or no data on the effects of the heterozygous condition in the eye. Mitf mice can therefore be regarded as an important model system for the study of human disease. Thus, we characterized Mitfmi/+ mice at 1, 3, 12, and 18 months old in comparison with age-matched wild-type mice. The light- and dark-adapted electroretinogram (ERG) recordings showed progressive cone-rod dystrophy in Mitfmi/+ mice. The RPE response was reduced in the mutant in all age groups studied. Progressive loss of pigmentation was found in Mitfmi/+ mice. Histological retinal sections revealed evidence of retinal degeneration in Mitfmi/+ mice at older ages. For the first time, we report a mouse model of progressive cone-rod dystrophy and RPE dysfunction with a mutation in the Mitf gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea García-Llorca
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - Arnór Thorri Sigurdsson
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Thor Eysteinsson
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Landspitali—National University Hospital, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
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13
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Wang W, Di T, Wang W, Jiang H. EGCG, GCG, TFDG, or TSA Inhibiting Melanin Synthesis by Downregulating MC1R Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11017. [PMID: 37446194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Without affecting cell viability, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), gallocatechin gallate (GCG), theaflavine-3,3'-digallate (TFDG), or theasinensin A (TSA) have been found to effectively reduce intracellular melanin content and tyrosinase (TYR) activity. However, studies on the anti-melanogenic mechanism of the above samples remain weak, and the activities of these samples in regulating melanogenesis at the molecular level lack comparison. Using B16F10 cells with the α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) stimulation and without the α-MSH stimulation as models, the effects of EGCG, GCG, TFDG, or TSA on cell phenotypes and expression of key targets related to melanogenesis were studied. The results showed that α-MSH always promoted melanogenesis with or without adding the four samples. Meanwhile, the anti-melanogenic activities of the four samples were not affected by whether the α-MSH was added in the medium or not and the added time of the α-MSH. On this basis, the 100 µg/mL EGCG, GCG, TFDG, or TSA did not affect the TYR catalytic activity but inhibited melanin formation partly through downregulating the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), and the TYR family. The downregulation abilities of catechins on the TYR family and MITF expression were stronger than those of dimers at both the transcription and translation levels, while the ability of dimers to downregulate the MC1R expression was stronger than that of catechins at both the transcription and translation levels to some extent. The results of molecular docking showed that these four samples could stably bind to MC1R protein. Taken together, this study offered molecular mechanisms for the anti-melanogenic activity of the EGCG, GCG, TFDG, and TSA, as potential effective components against the UV-induced tanning reactions, and a key target (MC1R) was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310008, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Taimei Di
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Heyuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310008, China
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14
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Silva P, Atukorallaya D. Characterising the Effect of Wnt/β-Catenin Signalling on Melanocyte Development and Patterning: Insights from Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10692. [PMID: 37445870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a well-established model organism for studying melanocyte biology due to its remarkable similarity to humans. The Wnt signalling pathway is a conserved signal transduction pathway that plays a crucial role in embryonic development and regulates many aspects of the melanocyte lineage. Our study was designed to investigate the effect of Wnt signalling activity on zebrafish melanocyte development and patterning. Stereo-microscopic examinations were used to screen for changes in melanocyte count, specific phenotypic differences, and distribution in zebrafish, while microscopic software tools were used to analyse the differences in pigment dispersion of melanocytes exposed to LiCl (Wnt enhancer) and W-C59 (Wnt inhibitor). Samples exposed to W-C59 showed low melanocyte densities and defects in melanocyte phenotype and patterning, whereas LiCl exposure demonstrated a stimulatory effect on most aspects of melanocyte development. Our study demonstrates the crucial role of Wnt signalling in melanocyte lineage and emphasises the importance of a balanced Wnt signalling level for proper melanocyte development and patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praneeth Silva
- Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Devi Atukorallaya
- Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
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15
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Honda M, Nishida Y. In Vitro Evaluation of Skin-Related Physicochemical Properties and Biological Activities of Astaxanthin Isomers. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19311-19319. [PMID: 37305308 PMCID: PMC10249140 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dietary astaxanthin exists predominantly as the all-E-isomer; however, certain amounts of the Z-isomers are universally present in the skin, whose roles remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the astaxanthin E/Z-isomer ratio on skin-related physicochemical properties and biological activities using human dermal fibroblasts and B16 mouse melanoma cells. We revealed that astaxanthin enriched in Z-isomers (total Z-isomer ratio = 86.6%) exhibited greater UV-light-shielding ability and skin antiaging and skin-whitening activities, such as anti-elastase and anti-melanin formation activities, than the all-E-isomer-rich astaxanthin (total Z-isomer ratio = 3.3%). On the other hand, the all-E-isomer was superior to the Z-isomers in singlet oxygen scavenging/quenching activity, and the Z-isomers inhibited type I collagen release into the culture medium in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings help clarify the roles of astaxanthin Z-isomers in the skin and would help in the development of novel skin health-promoting food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Honda
- Faculty
of Science & Technology, Meijo University, Shiogamaguchi,
Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nishida
- Fuji
Chemical Industries, Co., Ltd., Yokohoonji, Kamiich-machi, Nakaniikawa-gun, Toyama 930-0405, Japan
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16
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Liu Z, Jin C, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Wang J, Zheng L. Identification of BRAF, CCND1, and MYC mutations in a patient with multiple primary malignant tumors: a case report and review of the literature. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:158. [PMID: 37221610 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple primary malignant tumors (MPMTs), usually associated with worse malignant behavior and prognosis comparing to a single primary tumor, and have recently been found to have an increasing incidence globally. However, the pathogenesis of MPMTs remains to be clarified. Here, we report a unique case of the coexistence of malignant melanoma (MM), papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) along with our perceptions on its pathogenesis. CASE PRESENTATION The case reported is of a 59-year-old male patient with unilateral nasal obstruction as well as a renal occupying lesion. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) revealed a palpable mass of 32 × 30 mm on the posterior and left walls of the nasopharynx. In addition, an isodense nodule was observed in the right superior renal pole, approximately 25 mm in diameter, as well as a slightly hypodense shadow in the right leaf of the thyroid, approximately 13 mm in diameter. Nasal endoscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed the existence of a nasopharyngeal neoplasm. Afterward, biopsies of the nasopharyngeal neoplasm, thyroid gland and kidney were performed, and the patient was diagnosed with MM, PTC, and ccRCC according to the pathological and immunohistochemical results. Moreover, mutation of BRAFV600E was detected in bilateral thyroid tissues, and amplification of both CCND1 and MYC oncogenes were detected in the nasopharyngeal melanoma. After chemotherapy, the patient is now in good overall condition. CONCLUSIONS This is the first reported case of a patient with the co-existence of MM, PTC and ccRCC undergoing chemotherapy with a favorable prognosis. Herein, we suggest that such a combination may be non-random, as for mutation of BRAFV600E might account for the co-occurrence of PTC and MM, while mutations of CCND1 and MYC cause the coexistence of MM and ccRCC. This finding may provide valuable guidance on the diagnosis and treatment of such disease, as well as the prevention of developing a second or third tumor for patients with a single primary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Jin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongquan Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingshuo Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Luying Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
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17
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Yu F, Du Z, Zhong Z, Yu X, Chen J, Lu Y, Lin J. Creb2 involved in innate immunity by activating PpMitf-mediated melanogenesis in Pteria penguin. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 138:108809. [PMID: 37182797 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
cAMP response element binding protein 2 (CREB2) acts as an intracellular transcriptional factor and regulates many physiological processes, including melanogenesis and melanocyte differentiation. In our previous research, the Creb2 gene has been characterized from Pteria penguin (P. penguin), but its role and regulatory mechanism in P. penguin are still unclear. In this study, first, the function of PpCreb2 in melanogenesis and innate immunity were identified. PpCreb2 silencing significantly decreased the tyrosinase activity and melanin content, indicating PpCreb2 played an important role in melanogenesis. Meanwhile, PpCreb2 silencing visibly suppressed the antibacterial activity of hemolymph supernatant, indicating that PpCreb2 was involved in innate immunity of P. penguin. Second, the PpCreb2 was confirmed to perform immune function by regulating the melanogenesis. The decreased melanin oxidation product due to PpCreb2 silencing triggered the declining of antibacterial activity of hemolymph supernatant, which then could be rescued by adding exogenous melanin oxidation products. Third, the regulation pathway of PpCreb2 involved in innate immunity was analyzed. The promoter sequence analysis of PpMitf discovered 5 conserved cAMP response element (CRE), which were specifically recognized by basic Leucine zipper domain (bZIP) of upstream activation transcription factor. The luciferase activities analysis showed that PpCreb2 could activate the CRE in PpMitf promoter via highly conserved bZIP domain and regulate the expression of PpMitf, which further regulated the PpTyr expression. Therefore, the results collectively demonstrated that PpCreb2 participated in innate immunity by activating PpMitf-mediated melanogenesis in P. penguin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yu
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Academician Joint Laboratory of Germplasm Resource Exploitation, Utilization and Health Assessment for Aquatic Animal, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Zexin Du
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Zhiming Zhong
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Academician Joint Laboratory of Germplasm Resource Exploitation, Utilization and Health Assessment for Aquatic Animal, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Xiangyong Yu
- Ocean College, South China Agriculture University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Academician Joint Laboratory of Germplasm Resource Exploitation, Utilization and Health Assessment for Aquatic Animal, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Yishan Lu
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Academician Joint Laboratory of Germplasm Resource Exploitation, Utilization and Health Assessment for Aquatic Animal, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
| | - Jinji Lin
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Academician Joint Laboratory of Germplasm Resource Exploitation, Utilization and Health Assessment for Aquatic Animal, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
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18
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Zhuang J, Pan ZJ, Qin Y, Liang H, Zhang WF, Sun ZY, Shi HB. Evaluation of BDE-47-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:54022-54034. [PMID: 36869944 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26170-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There are growing concerns about the neurodevelopmental toxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), but the toxicological phenotypes and mechanisms are not well elucidated. Here, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) from 4 to 72 h post-fertilization (hpf). The results showed that BDE-47 stimulated the production of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine, but inhibited expression of Nestin, GFAP, Gap43, and PSD95 in 24 hpf embryos. Importantly, we unraveled the inhibitory effects of BDE-47 on neural crest-derived melanocyte differentiation and melanin syntheses process, evidenced by disrupted expression of wnt1, wnt3, sox10, mitfa, tyrp1a, tyrp1b, tryp2, and oca2 gene in 72 hpf embryos and decreased tyrosinase activities in embryos at 48 and 72 hpf. The transcriptional activities of myosin VAa, kif5ba, rab27a, mlpha, and cdc42 genes, which are associated with intracellular transport process, were also disturbed during zebrafish development. Ultimately, these alterations led to fast spontaneous movement and melanin accumulation deficit in zebrafish embryos upon BDE-47 exposure. Our results provide an important extension for understanding the neurodevelopmental effects of PBDEs and facilitate the comprehensive evaluation of neurotoxicity in embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 Changjiang West Road, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zheng-Jun Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 Changjiang West Road, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 Changjiang West Road, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 Changjiang West Road, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Feng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 Changjiang West Road, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ze-Yu Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 Changjiang West Road, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han-Bo Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 Changjiang West Road, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu, China
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19
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Byun KA, Kim HM, Oh S, Son KH, Byun K. Radiofrequency Irradiation Attenuated UVB-Induced Skin Pigmentation by Modulating ATP Release and CD39 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065506. [PMID: 36982581 PMCID: PMC10052073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperpigmentation stimulated by ultraviolet (UV)-induced melanin overproduction causes various cosmetic problems. UV radiation’s activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)/microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) pathway is the main pathway for melanogenesis. However, the secretion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from keratinocytes due to UV radiation also leads to melanogenesis. Adenosine, converted from ATP by CD39 and CD73, can activate adenylate cyclase (AC) activity and increase intracellular cAMP expression. cAMP-mediated PKA activation results in dynamic mitochondrial changes that affect melanogenesis via ERK. We evaluated whether radiofrequency (RF) irradiation could decrease ATP release from keratinocytes and suppress the expression of CD39, CD73, and A2A/A2B adenosine receptors (ARs) and the activity of AC and downregulate the PKA/CREB/MITF pathway, which would eventually decrease melanogenesis in vitro in UV-irradiated cells and animal skin. Our results indicate that RF decreased ATP release from UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. When conditioned media (CM) from UVB-irradiated keratinocytes (CM-UVB) were administered to melanocytes, the expressions of CD39, CD73, A2A/A2BARs, cAMP, and PKA increased. However, the expression of these factors decreased when CM from UVB and RF-irradiated keratinocytes (CM-UVB/RF) was administered to melanocytes. The phosphorylation of DRP1 at Ser637, which inhibits mitochondrial fission, increased in UVB-irradiated animal skin and was decreased by RF irradiation. The expression of ERK1/2, which can degrade MITF, was increased using RF treatment in UVB-irradiated animal skin. Tyrosinase activity and melanin levels in melanocytes increased following CM-UVB administration, and these increases were reversed after CD39 silencing. Tyrosinase activity and melanin levels in melanocytes were decreased by CM-UVB/RF irradiation. In conclusion, RF irradiation decreased ATP release from keratinocytes and the expressions of CD39, CD73, and A2A/A2BARs, which decreased AC activity in melanocytes. RF irradiation downregulated the cAMP-mediated PKA/CREB/MITF pathway and tyrosinase activity, and these inhibitory effects can be mediated via CD39 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (K.B.); Tel.: +82-32-460-3666 (K.H.S.); +82-32-899-6511 (K.B.)
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (K.B.); Tel.: +82-32-460-3666 (K.H.S.); +82-32-899-6511 (K.B.)
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20
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Kenski JCN, Huang X, Vredevoogd DW, de Bruijn B, Traets JJH, Ibáñez-Molero S, Schieven SM, van Vliet A, Krijgsman O, Kuilman T, Pozniak J, Loayza-Puch F, Terry AM, Müller J, Logtenberg MEW, de Bruijn M, Levy P, Körner PR, Goding CR, Schumacher TN, Marine JC, Agami R, Peeper DS. An adverse tumor-protective effect of IDO1 inhibition. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100941. [PMID: 36812891 PMCID: PMC9975322 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
By restoring tryptophan, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitors aim to reactivate anti-tumor T cells. However, a phase III trial assessing their clinical benefit failed, prompting us to revisit the role of IDO1 in tumor cells under T cell attack. We show here that IDO1 inhibition leads to an adverse protection of melanoma cells to T cell-derived interferon-gamma (IFNγ). RNA sequencing and ribosome profiling shows that IFNγ shuts down general protein translation, which is reversed by IDO1 inhibition. Impaired translation is accompanied by an amino acid deprivation-dependent stress response driving activating transcription factor-4 (ATF4)high/microphtalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF)low transcriptomic signatures, also in patient melanomas. Single-cell sequencing analysis reveals that MITF downregulation upon immune checkpoint blockade treatment predicts improved patient outcome. Conversely, MITF restoration in cultured melanoma cells causes T cell resistance. These results highlight the critical role of tryptophan and MITF in the melanoma response to T cell-derived IFNγ and uncover an unexpected negative consequence of IDO1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana C N Kenski
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Xinyao Huang
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David W Vredevoogd
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Beaunelle de Bruijn
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joleen J H Traets
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sofía Ibáñez-Molero
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan M Schieven
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alex van Vliet
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar Krijgsman
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Kuilman
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joanna Pozniak
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fabricio Loayza-Puch
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandra M Terry
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Judith Müller
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Meike E W Logtenberg
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein de Bruijn
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pierre Levy
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pierre-René Körner
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Colin R Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, OX OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Ton N Schumacher
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reuven Agami
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel S Peeper
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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21
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Fernandes B, Cavaco-Paulo A, Matamá T. A Comprehensive Review of Mammalian Pigmentation: Paving the Way for Innovative Hair Colour-Changing Cosmetics. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020290. [PMID: 36829566 PMCID: PMC9953601 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The natural colour of hair shafts is formed at the bulb of hair follicles, and it is coupled to the hair growth cycle. Three critical processes must happen for efficient pigmentation: (1) melanosome biogenesis in neural crest-derived melanocytes, (2) the biochemical synthesis of melanins (melanogenesis) inside melanosomes, and (3) the transfer of melanin granules to surrounding pre-cortical keratinocytes for their incorporation into nascent hair fibres. All these steps are under complex genetic control. The array of natural hair colour shades are ascribed to polymorphisms in several pigmentary genes. A myriad of factors acting via autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine mechanisms also contributes for hair colour diversity. Given the enormous social and cosmetic importance attributed to hair colour, hair dyeing is today a common practice. Nonetheless, the adverse effects of the long-term usage of such cosmetic procedures demand the development of new methods for colour change. In this context, case reports of hair lightening, darkening and repigmentation as a side-effect of the therapeutic usage of many drugs substantiate the possibility to tune hair colour by interfering with the biology of follicular pigmentary units. By scrutinizing mammalian pigmentation, this review pinpoints key targetable processes for the development of innovative cosmetics that can safely change the hair colour from the inside out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Fernandes
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.C.-P.); (T.M.); Tel.: +351-253-604-409 (A.C.-P.); +351-253-601-599 (T.M.)
| | - Teresa Matamá
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.C.-P.); (T.M.); Tel.: +351-253-604-409 (A.C.-P.); +351-253-601-599 (T.M.)
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22
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Liu Z, Chen K, Dai J, Xu P, Sun W, Liu W, Zhao Z, Bennett SP, Li P, Ma T, Lin Y, Kawakami A, Yu J, Wang F, Wang C, Li M, Chase P, Hodder P, Spicer TP, Scampavia L, Cao C, Pan L, Dong J, Chen Y, Yu B, Guo M, Fang P, Fisher DE, Wang J. A unique hyperdynamic dimer interface permits small molecule perturbation of the melanoma oncoprotein MITF for melanoma therapy. Cell Res 2023; 33:55-70. [PMID: 36588115 PMCID: PMC9810709 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00744-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) regulates melanocyte development and is the "lineage-specific survival" oncogene of melanoma. MITF is essential for melanoma initiation, progression, and relapse and has been considered an important therapeutic target; however, direct inhibition of MITF through small molecules is considered impossible, due to the absence of a ligand-binding pocket for drug design. Here, our structural analyses show that the structure of MITF is hyperdynamic because of its out-of-register leucine zipper with a 3-residue insertion. The dynamic MITF is highly vulnerable to dimer-disrupting mutations, as we observed that MITF loss-of-function mutations in human Waardenburg syndrome type 2 A are frequently located on the dimer interface and disrupt the dimer forming ability accordingly. These observations suggest a unique opportunity to inhibit MITF with small molecules capable of disrupting the MITF dimer. From a high throughput screening against 654,650 compounds, we discovered compound TT-012, which specifically binds to dynamic MITF and destroys the latter's dimer formation and DNA-binding ability. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and RNA sequencing, we showed that TT-012 inhibits the transcriptional activity of MITF in B16F10 melanoma cells. In addition, TT-012 inhibits the growth of high-MITF melanoma cells, and inhibits the tumor growth and metastasis with tolerable toxicity to liver and immune cells in animal models. Together, this study demonstrates a unique hyperdynamic dimer interface in melanoma oncoprotein MITF, and reveals a novel approach to therapeutically suppress MITF activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaizhou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaige Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Mass. General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanlin Liu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Peifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiancheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Akinori Kawakami
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Mass. General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter Chase
- Scripps Research, Jupiter, FL, USA
- BMS Inc., Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | - Peter Hodder
- Scripps Research, Jupiter, FL, USA
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Chunyang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiajia Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Min Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Kangma-Healthcode Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.
| | - Pengfei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - David E Fisher
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Mass. General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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23
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Valette T, Leitwein M, Lascaux JM, Desmarais E, Berrebi P, Guinand B. Redundancy analysis, genome-wide association studies and the pigmentation of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 102:96-118. [PMID: 36218076 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The association of molecular variants with phenotypic variation is a main issue in biology, often tackled with genome-wide association studies (GWAS). GWAS are challenging, with increasing, but still limited, use in evolutionary biology. We used redundancy analysis (RDA) as a complimentary ordination approach to single- and multitrait GWAS to explore the molecular basis of pigmentation variation in brown trout (Salmo trutta) belonging to wild populations impacted by hatchery fish. Based on 75,684 single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers, RDA, single- and multitrait GWAS allowed the extraction of 337 independent colour patterning loci (CPLs) associated with trout pigmentation traits, such as the number of red and black spots on flanks. Collectively, these CPLs (i) mapped onto 35 out of 40 brown trout linkage groups indicating a polygenic genomic architecture of pigmentation, (ii) were found to be associated with 218 candidate genes, including 197 genes formerly mentioned in the literature associated to skin pigmentation, skin patterning, differentiation or structure notably in a close relative, the rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss), and (iii) related to functions relevant to pigmentation variation (e.g., calcium- and ion-binding, cell adhesion). Annotated CPLs include genes with well-known pigmentation effects (e.g., PMEL, SLC45A2, SOX10), but also markers associated with genes formerly found expressed in rainbow or brown trout skins. RDA was also shown to be useful to investigate management issues, especially the dynamics of trout pigmentation submitted to several generations of hatchery introgression.
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24
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Lam GT, Prabhakaran S, Sorvina A, Martini C, Ung BSY, Karageorgos L, Hickey SM, Lazniewska J, Johnson IRD, Williams DB, Klebe S, Malone V, O'Leary JJ, Jackett L, Brooks DA, Logan JM. Pitfalls in Cutaneous Melanoma Diagnosis and the Need for New Reliable Markers. Mol Diagn Ther 2023; 27:49-60. [PMID: 36477449 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-022-00628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer, with the development of advanced stage disease resulting in a high rate of patient mortality. Accurate diagnosis of melanoma at an early stage is essential to improve patient outcomes, as this enables treatment before the cancer has metastasised. Histopathologic analysis is the current gold standard for melanoma diagnosis, but this can be subjective due to discordance in interpreting the morphological heterogeneity in melanoma and other skin lesions. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is sometimes employed as an adjunct to conventional histology, but it remains occasionally difficult to distinguish some benign melanocytic lesions and melanoma. Importantly, the complex morphology and lack of specific biomarkers that identify key elements of melanoma pathogenesis can make an accurate confirmation of diagnosis challenging. We review the diagnostic constraints of melanoma heterogeneity and discuss issues with interpreting routine histology and problems with current melanoma markers. Innovative approaches are required to find effective biomarkers to enhance patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang T Lam
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sarita Prabhakaran
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ben S-Y Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joanna Lazniewska
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Desmond B Williams
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology at Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Victoria Malone
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Louise Jackett
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Doug A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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25
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Xing L, Liu S, Zhang L, Yang H, Sun L. MITF Contributes to the Body Color Differentiation of Sea Cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus through Expression Differences and Regulation of Downstream Genes. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:biology12010001. [PMID: 36671694 PMCID: PMC9854957 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Melanin, which is a pigment produced in melanocytes, is an important contributor to sea cucumber body color. MITF is one of the most critical genes in melanocyte development and melanin synthesis pathways. However, how MITF regulates body color and differentiation in sea cucumbers is poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the expression level and location of MITF in white, purple, and green sea cucumbers and identified the genes regulated by MITF using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing. The mRNA and protein expression levels of MITF were all highest in purple morphs and lowest in white morphs. In situ hybridization indicated that MITF mRNA were mainly expressed in the epidermis. We also identified 984, 732, and 1191 peaks of MITF binding in green, purple, and white sea cucumbers, which were associated with 727, 557, and 887 genes, respectively. Our findings suggested that MITF contributed to the body color differentiation of green, purple, and white sea cucumbers through expression differences and regulation of downstream genes. These results provided a basis for future studies to determine the mechanisms underlying body color formation and provided insights into gene regulation in sea cucumbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shilin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongsheng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
- The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lina Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-532-8289-8610
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26
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Kai-yuan J, Yi-Wei Z, Ru-jun W, Khan IM, Yun-hai Z. A genome-wide integrated analysis of lncRNA-mRNA in melanocytes from white and brown skin hair boer goats (Capra aegagrus hircus). Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1009174. [PMID: 36406077 PMCID: PMC9669430 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1009174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in many biological processes and have been extensively researched. Nonetheless, literature focusing on the roles of lncRNA in melanocytes is limited. Melanocytes are located in the basal layer of the epidermis and determine the color of an animal's skin and hair by producing melanin. The mechanisms of melanogenesis remain unclear. Here, melanocytes from Boer goat skins were successfully isolated and verified using morphological observation, dopamine staining, silver ammonia staining, and immunohistochemical staining in vitro. Phenotypic testing revealed that melanocytes isolated from goat skins with white and brown hairs showed significant differences in proliferation, migration, and melanogenesis (**P < 0.01). RNA sequencing was performed with the isolated melanocytes, and through bioinformatic analysis, several candidate lncRNAs and mRNAs involved in stage-specific melanogenesis were identified. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that miRNA precursors and cis-regulatory effects of lncRNAs were deeply dissected using the function prediction software. Multiple lncRNA–mRNA networks were presumed to be involved in melanocyte migration, proliferation, and melanogenesis based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation. This research provided novel bioinformatic insights into the roles of lncRNAs in mammalian pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Kai-yuan
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Protection and Biological Breeding for Livestock and Poultry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhao Yi-Wei
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Protection and Biological Breeding for Livestock and Poultry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wen Ru-jun
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Protection and Biological Breeding for Livestock and Poultry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ibrar Muhammad Khan
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Protection and Biological Breeding for Livestock and Poultry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproduction Regulation, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Zhang Yun-hai
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Protection and Biological Breeding for Livestock and Poultry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Linquan Comprehensive Experimental Station of Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Agricultural University, Linquan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhang Yun-hai
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27
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Villareal MO, Chaochaiphat T, Makbal R, Gadhi C, Isoda H. Molecular Analysis of the Melanogenesis Inhibitory Effect of Saponins-Rich Fraction of Argania spinosa Leaves Extract. Molecules 2022; 27:6762. [PMID: 36235295 PMCID: PMC9571574 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant saponins are abundant and diverse natural products with a great potential for use in drug-discovery research. Here, we evaluated extracts of saponins-rich fractions of argan leaves and argan oil extraction byproducts (shell, pulp, press cake) for their effect on melanogenesis. Results show that from among the samples tested, only the saponins-rich fraction from leaves (ALS) inhibited melanin production in B16 murine melanoma (B16) cells. The mechanism of the melanogenesis inhibition was elucidated by determining the protein and mRNA expression of melanogenesis-associated enzymes tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1), and dopachrome tautomerase (DCT), and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), and performing DNA microarray analysis. Results showed that 10 µg/mL ALS significantly inhibited melanogenesis in B16 cells and human epidermal melanocytes by 59% and 48%, respectively, without cytotoxicity. The effect of ALS on melanogenesis can be attributed to the decrease in TYR, TRP1, and MITF expression at the protein and mRNA levels. MITF inhibition naturally led to the downregulation of the expression of Tyr and Trp1 genes. Results of the DNA microarray analysis revealed the effect on melanogenesis-associated cAMP and Wnt signaling pathways' genes. The results of this study suggest that ALS may be used in cosmeceuticals preparations for hyperpigmentation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myra O. Villareal
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba City 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba City 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Thanyanan Chaochaiphat
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba City 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Rachida Makbal
- Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Chemseddoha Gadhi
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba City 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
- Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering Center, CNRST-labeled Research Unit (AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05 Center), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba City 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba City 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
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Guo Q, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Bi Y, Chen G, Bai H, Chang G. Genome-Wide Association Study for Screening and Identifying Potential Shin Color Loci in Ducks. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081391. [PMID: 36011302 PMCID: PMC9407491 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Shin color diversity is a widespread phenomenon in birds. In this study, ducks were assessed to identify candidate genes for yellow, black, and spotted tibiae. For this purpose, we performed whole-genome resequencing of an F2 population consisting of 275 ducks crossed between Runzhou crested-white ducks and Cherry Valley ducks. We obtained 12.6 Mb of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data, and the three shin colors were subsequently genotyped. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were performed to identify candidate and potential SNPs for the three shin colors. According to the results, 2947 and 3451 significant SNPs were associated with black and yellow shins, respectively, and six potential SNPs were associated with spotted shins. Based on the SNP annotations, the MITF, EDNRB2, POU family members, and the SLC superfamily were the candidate genes regulating pigmentation. In addition, the isoforms of EDNRB2, TYR, TYRP1, and MITF-M were significantly different between the black and yellow tibiae. MITF and EDNRB2 may have synergistic roles in the regulation of melanin synthesis, and their mutations may lead to phenotypic differences in the melanin deposition between individuals. This study provides new insights into the genetic factors that may influence tibia color diversity in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhixiu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yulin Bi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guohong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hao Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guobin Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence:
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Oh E, Kim HJ, Lee D, Kang JH, Kim HG, Han SH, Baek NI, Kim KT. 8-Methoxybutin inhibits α-MSH induced melanogenesis and proliferation of skin melanoma by suppression of the transactivation activity of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113272. [PMID: 35716437 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is highly expressed in melanocytes and is the main regulator of melanogenesis and melanocyte cell fate. Although MITF is important for the differentiation and development of melanocytes, it is also considered an oncogene of skin melanoma. Based on these findings, MITF could be an attractive therapeutic target for skin cancer intervention. This study identified 8-methoxybutin as an inhibitor of MITF and investigated the underlying mechanism. 8-Methoxybutin inhibited α-MSH-induced melanogenesis in murine melanoma cells (B16F10) and skin melanoma proliferation by reducing melanogenic gene expression via blockade of the transactivation activity of MITF. In silico docking analysis and pull-down analysis suggested that 8-methoxybutin binds to the DNA-binding domain of MITF and further inhibits its binding to the E-box in the promoter of target genes, including tyrosinase. In addition, 8-methoxybutin suppressed growth of skin melanoma in a xenograft mouse model. These results indicate that 8-methoxybutin has potential as a therapeutic agent for hyperpigmentation disorder and skin cancer. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: 8-Methoxybutin inhibits MITF transactivation activity resulting suppression of melanogenesis and skin melanoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Dohyun Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hwa Kang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Hyung Geun Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Nam In Baek
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Kyong-Tai Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea.
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MITF-Mediated lncRNA CCDC183-As1 Promotes the Tumorigenic Properties and Aerobic Glycolysis of Bladder Cancer via Upregulating TCF7L2. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:6785956. [PMID: 35957803 PMCID: PMC9357683 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6785956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
As a primary malignancy tumor of the urology system, bladder cancer (BC) is characterized by its high recurrence and metastasis characteristics. Despite the great improvement in clinical interventions over the past decades, the outcomes of BC patients are still unsatisfactory. Novel molecular mechanisms for developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are urgently needed; therefore, we screened the lncRNA expression profile in four pairs of BC tissues, showing that CCDC183-AS1 was the most upregulated lncRNA. Subsequently, results of CCK-8, EdU, Transwell, and aerobic glycolysis detection showed that CCDC183-AS1 plays an oncogene role in BC progression. Furthermore, an investigation of the downstream and upstream factors of CCDC183-AS1 identified a novel MITF/CCDC183-AS1/miR-4731-5p/TCF7L2 axis in BC progression, which might furnish novel insights for developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for BC.
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31
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Chauhan JS, Hölzel M, Lambert JP, Buffa FM, Goding CR. The MITF regulatory network in melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2022; 35:517-533. [PMID: 35771179 PMCID: PMC9545041 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Bidirectional interactions between plastic tumor cells and the microenvironment critically impact tumor evolution and metastatic dissemination by enabling cancer cells to adapt to microenvironmental stresses by switching phenotype. In melanoma, a key determinant of phenotypic identity is the microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor MITF that promotes proliferation, suppresses senescence, and anticorrelates with immune infiltration and therapy resistance. What determines whether MITF can activate or repress genes associated with specific phenotypes, or how signaling regulating MITF might impact immune infiltration is poorly understood. Here, we find that MITF binding to genes associated with high MITF is via classical E/M‐box motifs, but genes downregulated when MITF is high contain FOS/JUN/AP1/ATF3 sites. Significantly, the repertoire of MITF‐interacting factors identified here includes JUN and ATF3 as well as many previously unidentified interactors. As high AP1 activity is a hallmark of MITFLow, invasive, slow‐cycling, therapy resistant cells, the ability of MITF to repress AP1‐regulated genes provides an insight into how MITF establishes and maintains a pro‐proliferative phenotype. Moreover, although β‐catenin has been linked to immune exclusion, many Hallmark β‐catenin signaling genes are associated with immune infiltration. Instead, low MITF together with Notch signaling is linked to immune infiltration in both mouse and human melanoma tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagat S Chauhan
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Hölzel
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jean-Philippe Lambert
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Centre, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada.,Endocrinology - Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, QC, Canada.,CHU de Québec Research Center, CHUL, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec, Canada
| | - Francesca M Buffa
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Colin R Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Rachinger N, Mittag N, Böhme-Schäfer I, Xiang W, Kuphal S, Bosserhoff AK. Alpha-Synuclein and Its Role in Melanocytes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132087. [PMID: 35805172 PMCID: PMC9265281 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigmentation is an important process in skin physiology and skin diseases and presumably also plays a role in Parkinson’s disease (PD). In PD, alpha-Synuclein (aSyn) has been shown to be involved in the pigmentation of neurons. The presynaptic protein is intensively investigated for its pathological role in PD, but its physiological function remains unknown. We hypothesized that aSyn is both involved in melanocytic differentiation and melanosome trafficking processes. We detected a strong expression of aSyn in human epidermal melanocytes (NHEMs) and observed its regulation in melanocytic differentiation via the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a central regulator of differentiation. Moreover, we investigated its role in pigmentation by performing siRNA experiments but found no effect on the total melanin content. We discovered a localization of aSyn to melanosomes, and further analysis of aSyn knockdown revealed an important role in melanocytic morphology and a reduction in melanosome release. Additionally, we found a reduction of transferred melanosomes in co-culture experiments of melanocytes and keratinocytes but no complete inhibition of melanosome transmission. In summary, this study highlights a novel physiological role of aSyn in melanocytic morphology and its so far unknown function in the pigment secretion in melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Rachinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (N.R.); (I.B.-S.); (S.K.)
| | - Nora Mittag
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany;
| | - Ines Böhme-Schäfer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (N.R.); (I.B.-S.); (S.K.)
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Silke Kuphal
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (N.R.); (I.B.-S.); (S.K.)
| | - Anja K. Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (N.R.); (I.B.-S.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Jiang B, Wang L, Luo M, Fu J, Zhu W, Liu W, Dong Z. Transcriptome analysis of skin color variation during and after overwintering of Malaysian red tilapia. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:669-682. [PMID: 35419737 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The commercial value of red tilapia is hampered by variations in skin color during overwintering. In this study, three types of skin of red tilapia, including the skin remained pink color during and after overwintering (P), the skin changed from pink color to black color during overwintering and remained black color after overwintering (P-B), and the skin changed from pink color to black color during overwintering but recovered to pink color when the temperature rose after overwintering (P-B-P), were used to analyze their molecular mechanisms of color variation. The transcriptome results revealed that the P, P-B, and P-B-P libraries had 43, 42, and 43 million clean reads, respectively. The top 10 abundance mRNAs and specific mRNAs (specificity measure SPM > 0.9) were screened. After comparing intergroup gene expression levels, there were 2528, 1924, and 1939 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between P-B-P and P-B, P-B-P and P, and P-B and P, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses of color-related mRNAs showed that a number of DEGs, including tyrp1, tyr, pmel, mitf, mc1r, asip, tat, hpdb, and foxd3, might play a potential role in pigmentation. Additionally, the co-expression patterns of genes were detected within the pigment-related pathways by the PPI network from P-B vs. P group. Furthermore, DEGs from the apoptosis and autophagy pathways, such as baxα, beclin1, and atg7, might be involved in the fading of red tilapia melanocytes. The findings will aid in understanding the molecular mechanism underlying skin color variation in red tilapia during and after overwintering as well as lay a foundation for future research aimed at improving red tilapia skin color characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Jiang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lanmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 9 Shanshui East Road, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingkun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 9 Shanshui East Road, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianjun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 9 Shanshui East Road, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenbin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 9 Shanshui East Road, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- AGCU ScienTech Incorporation, Wuxi, 214174, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zaijie Dong
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 9 Shanshui East Road, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China.
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Gelmi MC, Houtzagers LE, Strub T, Krossa I, Jager MJ. MITF in Normal Melanocytes, Cutaneous and Uveal Melanoma: A Delicate Balance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6001. [PMID: 35682684 PMCID: PMC9181002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is an important regulator of melanogenesis and melanocyte development. Although it has been studied extensively in cutaneous melanoma, the role of MITF in uveal melanoma (UM) has not been explored in much detail. We review the literature about the role of MITF in normal melanocytes, in cutaneous melanoma, and in UM. In normal melanocytes, MITF regulates melanocyte development, melanin synthesis, and melanocyte survival. The expression profile and the behaviour of MITF-expressing cells suggest that MITF promotes local proliferation and inhibits invasion, inflammation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) transition. Loss of MITF expression leads to increased invasion and inflammation and is more prevalent in malignant cells. Cutaneous melanoma cells switch between MITF-high and MITF-low states in different phases of tumour development. In UM, MITF loss is associated with loss of BAP1 protein expression, which is a marker of poor prognosis. These data indicate a dual role for MITF in benign and malignant melanocytic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Gelmi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.C.G.); (L.E.H.)
| | - Laurien E. Houtzagers
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.C.G.); (L.E.H.)
| | - Thomas Strub
- Université Côte d’Azur, 06103 Nice, France; (T.S.); (I.K.)
- Inserm, Biology and Pathologies of Melanocytes, Team1, Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2020, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Imène Krossa
- Université Côte d’Azur, 06103 Nice, France; (T.S.); (I.K.)
- Inserm, Biology and Pathologies of Melanocytes, Team1, Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2020, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Martine J. Jager
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.C.G.); (L.E.H.)
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Phelps GB, Hagen HR, Amsterdam A, Lees JA. MITF deficiency accelerates GNAQ-driven uveal melanoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2107006119. [PMID: 35512098 PMCID: PMC9172632 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107006119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) and uveal melanoma (UM) both originate from the melanocytic lineage but are primarily driven by distinct oncogenic drivers, BRAF/NRAS or GNAQ/GNA11, respectively. The melanocytic master transcriptional regulator, MITF, is essential for both CM development and maintenance, but its role in UM is largely unexplored. Here, we use zebrafish models to dissect the key UM oncogenic signaling events and establish the role of MITF in UM tumors. Using a melanocytic lineage expression system, we showed that patient-derived mutations of GNAQ (GNAQQ209L) or its upstream CYSLTR2 receptor (CYSLTR2L129Q) both drive UM when combined with a cooperating mutation, tp53M214K/M214K. The tumor-initiating potential of the major GNAQ/11 effector pathways, YAP, and phospholipase C-β (PLCβ)–ERK was also investigated in this system and thus showed that while activated YAP (YAPAA) induced UM with high potency, the patient-derived PLCβ4 mutation (PLCB4D630Y) very rarely yielded UM tumors in the tp53M214K/M214K context. Remarkably, mitfa deficiency was profoundly UM promoting, dramatically accelerating the onset and progression of tumors induced by Tg(mitfa:GNAQQ209L);tp53M214K/M214K or Tg(mitfa:CYSLTR2L129Q);tp53M214K/M214K. Moreover, mitfa loss was sufficient to cooperate with GNAQQ209L to drive tp53–wild type UM development and allowed Tg(mitfa:PLCB4D630Y);tp53M214K/M214K melanocyte lineage cells to readily form tumors. Notably, all of the mitfa−/− UM tumors, including those arising in Tg(mitfa:PLCB4D630Y);tp53M214K/M214K;mitfa−/− zebrafish, displayed nuclear YAP while lacking hyperactive ERK indicative of PLCβ signaling. Collectively, these data show that YAP signaling is the major mediator of UM and that MITF acts as a bona fide tumor suppressor in UM in direct opposition to its essential role in CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace B. Phelps
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Hannah R. Hagen
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Adam Amsterdam
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Jacqueline A. Lees
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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Jara E, Peñagaricano F, Armstrong E, Menezes C, Tardiz L, Rodons G, Iriarte A. Identification of Long Noncoding RNAs Involved in Eyelid Pigmentation of Hereford Cattle. Front Genet 2022; 13:864567. [PMID: 35601493 PMCID: PMC9114348 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.864567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Several ocular pathologies in cattle, such as ocular squamous cell carcinoma and infectious keratoconjunctivitis, have been associated with low pigmentation of the eyelids. The main objective of this study was to analyze the transcriptome of eyelid skin in Hereford cattle using strand-specific RNA sequencing technology to characterize and identify long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). We compared the expression of lncRNAs between pigmented and unpigmented eyelids and analyzed the interaction of lncRNAs and putative target genes to reveal the genetic basis underlying eyelid pigmentation in cattle. We predicted 4,937 putative lncRNAs mapped to the bovine reference genome, enriching the catalog of lncRNAs in Bos taurus. We found 27 differentially expressed lncRNAs between pigmented and unpigmented eyelids, suggesting their involvement in eyelid pigmentation. In addition, we revealed potential links between some significant differentially expressed lncRNAs and target mRNAs involved in the immune response and pigmentation. Overall, this study expands the catalog of lncRNAs in cattle and contributes to a better understanding of the biology of eyelid pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Jara
- Unidad de Genética y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Francisco Peñagaricano
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Eileen Armstrong
- Unidad de Genética y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Claudia Menezes
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Metabolismo Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Tardiz
- Unidad de Genética y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gastón Rodons
- Unidad de Genética y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Iriarte
- Laboratorio de Biología Computacional, Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- *Correspondence: Andrés Iriarte,
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Flori E, Mastrofrancesco A, Mosca S, Ottaviani M, Briganti S, Cardinali G, Filoni A, Cameli N, Zaccarini M, Zouboulis CC, Picardo M. Sebocytes contribute to melasma onset. iScience 2022; 25:103871. [PMID: 35252805 PMCID: PMC8891974 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Melasma is a hyperpigmentary disorder with photoaging features, whose manifestations appear on specific face areas, rich in sebaceous glands (SGs). To explore the SGs possible contribution to the onset, the expression of pro-melanogenic and inflammatory factors from the SZ95 SG cell line exposed to single or repetitive ultraviolet (UVA) radiation was evaluated. UVA up-modulated the long-lasting production of α-MSH, EDN1, b-FGF, SCF, inflammatory cytokines and mediators. Irradiated SZ95 sebocyte conditioned media increased pigmentation in melanocytes and the expression of senescence markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors regulating melanogenesis in fibroblasts cultures. Cocultures experiments with skin explants confirmed the role of sebocytes on melanogenesis promotion. The analysis on sebum collected from melasma patients demonstrated that in vivo sebocytes from lesional areas express the UVA-activated pathways markers observed in vitro. Our results indicate sebocytes as one of the actors in melasma pathogenesis, inducing prolonged skin cell stimulation, contributing to localized dermal aging and hyperpigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Flori
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Mastrofrancesco
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sarah Mosca
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Ottaviani
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Briganti
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Cardinali
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Filoni
- Dermatology Department, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Norma Cameli
- Dermatology Department, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Zaccarini
- Genetic Research, Molecular Biology and Dermatopathology Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodore Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Wang XF, Sun J, Wang XL, Tian JK, Tian ZW, Zhang JL, Jia R. MD investigation on the binding of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor with DNA. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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MITF activity is regulated by a direct interaction with RAF proteins in melanoma cells. Commun Biol 2022; 5:101. [PMID: 35091687 PMCID: PMC8799692 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03049-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The MITF transcription factor and the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway are two interconnected main players in melanoma. Understanding how MITF activity is regulated represents a key question since its dynamic modulation is involved in the phenotypic plasticity of melanoma cells and their resistance to therapy. By investigating the role of ARAF in NRAS-driven mouse melanoma through mass spectrometry experiments followed by a functional siRNA-based screen, we unexpectedly identified MITF as a direct ARAF partner. Interestingly, this interaction is conserved among the RAF protein kinase family since BRAF/MITF and CRAF/MITF complexes were also observed in the cytosol of NRAS-mutated mouse melanoma cells. The interaction occurs through the kinase domain of RAF proteins. Importantly, endogenous BRAF/MITF complexes were also detected in BRAF-mutated human melanoma cells. RAF/MITF complexes modulate MITF nuclear localization by inducing an accumulation of MITF in the cytoplasm, thus negatively controlling its transcriptional activity. Taken together, our study highlights a new level of regulation between two major mediators of melanoma progression, MITF and the MAPK/ERK pathway, which appears more complex than previously anticipated. The MITF transcription factor directly binds to the kinase domain of RAF kinases, including ARAF, BRAF and CRAF in melanoma cells. RAF/MITF complex promotes cytoplasmic accumulation of MITF and thus negatively regulates its transcriptional activity.
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Kim HM, Oh S, Choi CH, Yang JY, Kim S, Kang D, Son KH, Byun K. Attenuation Effect of Radiofrequency Irradiation on UV-B-Induced Skin Pigmentation by Decreasing Melanin Synthesis and through Upregulation of Heat Shock Protein 70. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247648. [PMID: 34946730 PMCID: PMC8708156 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess melanin deposition in the skin causes cosmetic problems. HSP70 upregulation decreases microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression, which eventually decreases tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation upregulates p53, which increases the melanocortin receptor (MC1R) and MITF. Furthermore, HSP70 decreases p53 and radiofrequency irradiation (RF) increases HSP70. We evaluated whether RF increased HSP70 and decreased p53, consequently decreasing the MITF/tyrosinase pathway and melanogenesis in UV-B radiated animal skin. Various RF combinations with 50, 100, and 150 ms and 5, 10, and 15 W were performed on the UV-B radiated mouse skin every 2 d for 28 d. When RF was performed with 100 ms/10 W, melanin deposition, evaluated by Fontana–Masson staining, decreased without skin crust formation in the UV-B radiated skin. Thus, we evaluated the effect of RF on decreasing melanogenesis in the HEMn and UV-B radiated skin at a setting of 100 ms/10 W. HSP70 expression was decreased in the UV-B radiated skin but was increased by RF. The expression of p53, MC1R, and MITF increased in the UV-B radiated skin but was decreased by RF. The expression of p53, MC1R, and MITF increased in the α-MSH treated HEMn but was decreased by RF. The decreasing effects of RF on p53, MC1R, CREB and MITF were higher than those of HSP70-overexpressed HEMn. The decreasing effect of RF on p53, MC1R, CREB, and MITF disappeared in the HSP70-silenced HEMn. MC1R, CREB, and MITF were not significantly decreased by the p53 inhibitor in α-MSH treated HEMn. RF induced a greater decrease in MC1R, CREB, and MITF than the p53 inhibitor. Therefore, RF may have decreased melanin synthesis by increasing HSP70 and decreasing p53, thus decreasing MC1R/CREB/MITF and tyrosinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Moon Kim
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea;
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.Y.Y.)
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.Y.Y.)
| | - Chang Hu Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Jin Young Yang
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.Y.Y.)
| | - Sunggeun Kim
- Jeisys Medical Inc., Seoul 08501, Korea; (S.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Donghwan Kang
- Jeisys Medical Inc., Seoul 08501, Korea; (S.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea;
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (K.B.)
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Yoo H, Lee HR, Kim KH, Kim MA, Bang S, Kang YH, Kim WH, Song Y, Chang SE. CRTC3, a sensor and key regulator for melanogenesis, as a tunable therapeutic target for pigmentary disorders. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:9918-9936. [PMID: 34815795 PMCID: PMC8581419 DOI: 10.7150/thno.66378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although CREB phosphorylation is known to be essential in UVB/cAMP-stimulated melanogenesis, CREB null mice did not show identifiable pigmentation phenotypes. Here, we show that CREB-regulated transcription co-activator 3 (CRTC3) quantitatively regulates and orchestrates melanogenesis by directly targeting microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and regulating the expression of most key melanogenesis-related genes. Methods: We analyzed CRTC3-null, KRT14-SCF transgenic, and their crossover mice. The molecular basis of CRTC3 effects on pigmentation was investigated by histology, melanin/tyrosinase assay, immunoblotting, shRNA, promoter assay, qRT-PCR, and subcellular localization. These analyses were carried out in primary cultured melanocytes, mouse cell lines, normal human cells, co-cultures, and ex vivo human skin. CRTC/CREB activity screening was performed to identify candidate agents for the regulation of melanogenesis. Results: The coat and skin color of CRTC3-null mice was paler due to a reduction in melanin deposition. Melanogenesis-related genes were reduced in CRTC3-deficient cultured melanocytes and tail skin of CRTC3-null mice. Notably, basal levels of MITF present in CRTC3-null mice were sufficient for melanocytic differentiation/survival. Thus CRTC3-null mice showed a comparable number of epidermal melanocytes compared to control mice. Stem cell factor (SCF) introduction by crossing with KRT14-SCF mice increased epidermal melanocytes and melanin deposition in control and CRTC3-null mice, but the skin color remained still light on the CRTC3-null background. Furthermore, we identified the therapeutic potential of altiratinib to inhibit melanogenesis in human melanocytes and human skin effectively and safely. Conclusion: CRTC3 appears to be a key sensor for melanogenesis and can be used as a reversible and tunable tool for selectively regulating melanogenesis without affecting melanocyte integrity. Thus, CRTC3 can also serve as a screening tool for the discovery of ideal melanogenesis-modulating small molecules.
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Zhao SJ, Jia H, Xu XL, Bu WB, Zhang Q, Chen X, Ji J, Sun JF. Identification of the Role of Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Through Integrated Analyses and in vivo Experiments in Vitiligo. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2021; 14:1089-1103. [PMID: 34511958 PMCID: PMC8423189 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s319061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Vitiligo is an acquired depigmentation skin disease, which affects an average of 1% of the world’s population. The purpose of this study is to identify the key genes and pathways responsible for vitiligo and find new therapeutic targets. Methods The datasets GSE65127, GSE53146, and GSE75819 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. R language was used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between lesional skin of vitiligo and non-lesional skin. Next, the key pathways were obtained by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were conducted by STRING database and Cytoscape software. Subsequently, module analysis was performed by Cytoscape. Among these results, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and melanogenesis pathway caught our attention. The expression level of β-catenin, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase (TYR) was detected by immunofluorescence in vitiligo lesions and healthy skin. Moreover, zebrafish was treated with XAV-939, an inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. After that, the area of melanin granules as a percentage of the head area was measured. The mRNA expression of β-catenin, lymphoid-enhancing factor 1(lef1), tyr and mitf were detected by q-PCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Results A total of 2442 DEGs were identified, including 1068 upregulated and 1374 downregulated DEGs. The key pathways were identified by GO and KEGG analyses, such as “NOD-like receptor signaling pathway”, “Wnt signaling pathway”, “Melanogenesis”, “mTOR signaling pathway”, “PI3K-Akt signaling pathway”, “Calcium signaling pathway” and “Rap1 signaling pathway”. The immunofluorescence results showed that the level of β-catenin, MITF and TYR was significantly downregulated in vitiligo lesional skin. In zebrafish, the mean percentage area of melanin granules and the expression of β-catenin, lef1, tyr and mitf were decreased after treated with XAV-939. Conclusion The present study identified key genes and signaling pathways associated with the pathophysiology of vitiligo. Among them, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway played an essential role in pigmentation and could be a breakthrough point in vitiligo treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jia Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Jia
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Lian Xu
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bo Bu
- Department of Dermatologic Surgery, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Dermatologic Surgery, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Medicine 3, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Juan Ji
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Fang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Rezaei T, Davoudian E, Khalili S, Amini M, Hejazi M, de la Guardia M, Mokhtarzadeh A. Strategies in DNA vaccine for melanoma cancer. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2021; 34:869-891. [PMID: 33089665 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
According to reports of the international agency for cancer on research, although malignant melanoma shows less prevalence than nonmelanoma skin cancers, it is the major cause of skin cancer mortality. Given that, the production of effective vaccines to control melanoma is eminently required. In this regard, DNA-based vaccines have been extensively investigated for melanoma therapy. DNA vaccines are capable of inducing both cellular and humoral branches of immune responses. These vaccines possess some valuable advantages such as lack of severe side effects and high stability compared to conventional vaccination methods. The ongoing studies are focused on novel strategies in the development of DNA vaccines encoding artificial polyepitope immunogens based on the multiple melanoma antigens, the inclusion of molecular adjuvants to increase the level of immune responses, and the improvement of delivery approaches. In this review, we have outlined the recent advances in the field of melanoma DNA vaccines and described their implications in clinical trials as a strong strategy in the prevention and control of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Rezaei
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran
| | - Elham Davoudian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Saeed Khalili
- Department of Biology Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amini
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hejazi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Zhang S, Tian H, Sun Y, Li X, Wang W, Ru S. Brightened body coloration in female guppies (Poecilia reticulata) serves as an in vivo biomarker for environmental androgens: The example of 17β-trenbolone. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112698. [PMID: 34450427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In vivo testing systems for environmental androgens are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of male-specific brightened body coloration in female guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to serve as an in vivo biomarker of environmental androgens using 17β-trenbolone as an example. The high bioaccumulation of 17β-trenbolone in the skin of female guppies suggests that it is a potential target tissue of environmental androgens. The coloration index, pigment cell ultrastructure, pigment levels, sexual attractiveness, and reproductive capability of female guppies were analyzed following 28 days of exposure to 20 ng/L, 200 ng/L, and 2000 ng/L 17β-trenbolone. Increases in the coloration index caused by 17β-trenbolone exposure were attributable to increased pteridine and melanin levels. Decreases in the sexual attractiveness, number of offspring, and survival rate of offspring suggested that the changes in body coloration translated into adverse outcomes. Finally, mRNA sequencing indicated that 17β-trenbolone increased pteridine levels by activating genomic effects of androgen receptor on xanthine dehydrogenase and increased melanin levels by exerting non-genomic effects targeting microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, tyrosinase, and tyrosinase-related protein 1 that were mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinase and calcium signaling pathways. We have derived a robust adverse outcome pathway of environmental androgens, and our findings suggest that indicators at different biological levels related to brightened body coloration in female guppies can serve as less-invasive or noninvasive in vivo biomarkers of short-term exposure to environmental androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqiu Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Hua Tian
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China.
| | - Yang Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Xuefu Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
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Familial Melanoma and Susceptibility Genes: A Review of the Most Common Clinical and Dermoscopic Phenotypic Aspect, Associated Malignancies and Practical Tips for Management. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163760. [PMID: 34442055 PMCID: PMC8397216 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A family history of melanoma greatly increases the risk of developing cutaneous melanoma, a highly aggressive skin cancer whose incidence has been steadily increasing worldwide. Familial melanomas account for about 10% of all malignant melanomas and display an inheritance pattern consistent with the presence of pathogenic germline mutations, among which those involving CDKN2A are the best characterized. In recent years, a growing number of genes, such as MC1R, MITF, CDK4, POT1, TERT, ACD, TERF2IP, and BAP1, have been implicated in familial melanoma. The fact that individuals harboring these germline mutations along with their close blood relatives have a higher risk of developing multiple primary melanomas as well as other internal organ malignancies, especially pancreatic cancer, makes cascade genetic testing and surveillance of these families of the utmost importance. Unfortunately, due to a polygenic inheritance mechanism involving multiple low-risk alleles, genetic modifiers, and environmental factors, it is still very difficult to predict the presence of these mutations. It is, however, known that germline mutation carriers can sometimes develop specific clinical traits, such as high atypical nevus counts and specific dermoscopic features, which could theoretically help clinicians predict the presence of these mutations in prone families. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the high- and intermediate-penetrance genes primarily linked to familial melanoma, highlighting their most frequently associated non-cutaneous malignancies and clinical/dermoscopic phenotypes.
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Kulikova IV. Molecular Mechanisms and Gene Regulation of Melanic Plumage Coloration in Birds. RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s102279542108007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Oliveira LJC, Gongora ABL, Lima FAS, Canedo FSNA, Quirino CV, Pisani JP, Achatz MI, Rossi BM. Expanding the phenotype of E318K (c.952G > A) MITF germline mutation carriers: case series and review of the literature. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2021; 19:32. [PMID: 34289891 PMCID: PMC8293540 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-021-00189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor gene (MITF) belongs to the MYC supergene family and plays an important role in melanocytes’ homeostasis. Individuals harboring MITF germline pathogenic variants are at increased risk of developing cancer, most notably melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. Case presentation We describe a cohort of ten individuals who harbor the same MITF c.952G > A (p.Glu 318Lys), or p.E318K, germline pathogenic variant. Six carriers developed at least one malignancy (4 cases of breast cancer; 1 cervical cancer; 1 colon cancer; 1 melanoma; 1 ovarian/fallopian tube cancer). A significant phenotypic heterogeneity was found among these individuals and their relatives. Breast cancer was, overall, the most frequent malignancy observed in this case series, with 13 occurrences of 60 (21.67 %) total cancer cases described among the probands and their relatives. Conclusions Our retrospective analysis data raise the hypothesis of a possible association of the MITF p.E318K pathogenic variant with an increased risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Bobato Lara Gongora
- Serviço de Oncogenética - Centro de Oncologia Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 91, 01308-050, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Ambrosio Silveira Lima
- Serviço de Oncogenética - Centro de Oncologia Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 91, 01308-050, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Vanessa Quirino
- Serviço de Oncogenética - Centro de Oncologia Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 91, 01308-050, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janina Pontes Pisani
- Serviço de Oncogenética - Centro de Oncologia Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 91, 01308-050, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Achatz
- Serviço de Oncogenética - Centro de Oncologia Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 91, 01308-050, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Benedito Mauro Rossi
- Serviço de Oncogenética - Centro de Oncologia Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 91, 01308-050, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abrahamian C, Grimm C. Endolysosomal Cation Channels and MITF in Melanocytes and Melanoma. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11071021. [PMID: 34356645 PMCID: PMC8301777 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is the principal transcription factor regulating pivotal processes in melanoma cell development, growth, survival, proliferation, differentiation and invasion. In recent years, convincing evidence has been provided attesting key roles of endolysosomal cation channels, specifically TPCs and TRPMLs, in cancer, including breast cancer, glioblastoma, bladder cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and melanoma. In this review, we provide a gene expression profile of these channels in different types of cancers and decipher their roles, in particular the roles of two-pore channel 2 (TPC2) and TRPML1 in melanocytes and melanoma. We specifically discuss the signaling cascades regulating MITF and the relationship between endolysosomal cation channels, MAPK, canonical Wnt/GSK3 pathways and MITF.
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Molecular landscape of Hereditary Melanoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 164:103425. [PMID: 34245855 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is considered the most lethal skin cancer and its incidence has increased during the past decades. About 10 % of cases are classified as hereditary melanoma. Genetic predisposition usually manifests itself clinically as early onset and multiple cutaneous melanomas. Several genes have been identified as involved to melanoma susceptibility, some of them still with unknown clinical relevance. Beyond melanoma, the affected families are also more prone to develop other malignancies, such as pancreatic cancer. The identification of risk families and involved genes is of great importance, since different forms of oncological surveillance are recommended. However, well established guidelines to standardize both the selection of individuals and the genetic panel to be requested are still lacking. Given the importance of the genetic counseling and testing in the context of clinical suspicion of hereditary melanoma, this paper aims to review the literature regarding genetic panel indications worldwide.
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Rana T, Behl T, Sehgal A, Mehta V, Singh S, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Bungau S. Exploring the Role of Autophagy Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4886-4905. [PMID: 34212304 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02472-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic pathway by which misfolded proteins or damaged organelles are engulfed by autophagosomes and then transported to lysosomes for degradation. Recently, a great improvement has been done to explain the molecular mechanisms and roles of autophagy in several important cellular metabolic processes. Besides being a vital clearance pathway or a cell survival pathway in response to different stresses, autophagy dysfunction, either upregulated or down-regulated, has been suggested to be linked with numerous neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Impairment at different stages of autophagy results in the formation of large protein aggregates and damaged organelles, which leads to the onset and progression of different neurodegenerative disorders. This article elucidates the recent progress about the role of autophagy in neurodegenerative disorders and explains how autophagy dysfunction is linked with the pathogenesis of such disorders as well as the novel potential autophagy-associated therapies for treating them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarapati Rana
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
- Government Pharmacy College, Seraj, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Vineet Mehta
- Government College of Pharmacy, Rohru, Distt. Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Haryana, India
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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