1
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Moradikhah F, Farahani M, Shafiee A. Towards the development of sensation-enabled skin substitutes. Biomater Sci 2024. [PMID: 38990154 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00576g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in cell and biofabrication technologies have contributed to the development of complex human organs. In particular, several skin substitutes are being generated using tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) technologies. However, recent studies mainly focus on the restoration of the dermis and epidermis layers rather than the regeneration of a fully functional innervated skin organ. Innervation is a critical step in functional tissue repair which has been overlooked in the current TERM studies. In the current study, we highlight the importance of sensation in the skin as the largest sensory organ in the human body. In large non-healing skin wounds, the skin sensation is severely diminished or completely lost and ultimately lead to chronic pain and wound healing process interruption. Current therapeutics for restoring skin sensation after trauma are limited. Recent regenerative medicine-based studies could successfully induce neural networks in skin substitutes, but the effectiveness of these technologies in enhancing sensory capability needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Moradikhah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Farahani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Tehran & Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IBUTUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Shafiee
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
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2
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Lambert KA, Clements CM, Mukherjee N, Pacheco TR, Shellman SX, Henen MA, Vögeli B, Goldstein NB, Birlea S, Hintzsche J, Caryotakis G, Tan AC, Zhao R, Norris DA, Robinson WA, Wang Y, VanTreeck JG, Shellman YG. SASH1 S519N Variant Links Skin Hyperpigmentation and Premature Hair Graying to Dysfunction of Melanocyte Lineage. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)00393-2. [PMID: 38848986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
A better understanding of human melanocyte (MC) and MC stem cell biology is essential for treating MC-related diseases. This study employed an inherited pigmentation disorder carrying the SASH1S519N variant in a Hispanic family to investigate SASH1 function in the MC lineage and the underlying mechanism for this disorder. We used a multidisciplinary approach, including clinical examinations, human cell assays, yeast 2-hybrid screening, and biochemical techniques. Results linked early hair graying to the SASH1S519N variant, a previously unrecognized clinical phenotype in hyperpigmentation disorders. In vitro, we identified SASH1 as a regulator in MC stem cell maintenance and discovered that TNKS2 is crucial for SASH1's role. In addition, the S519N variant is located in one of multiple tankyrase-binding motifs and alters the binding kinetics and affinity of the interaction. In summary, this disorder links both gain and loss of pigmentation in the same individual, hinting to accelerated aging in human MC stem cells. The findings offer insights into the roles of SASH1 and TNKS2 in MC stem cell maintenance and the molecular mechanisms of pigmentation disorders. We propose that a comprehensive clinical evaluation of patients with MC-related disorders should include an assessment and history of hair pigmentation loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline A Lambert
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Christopher M Clements
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nabanita Mukherjee
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Theresa R Pacheco
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Samantha X Shellman
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Morkos A Henen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Beat Vögeli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nathaniel B Goldstein
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Stanca Birlea
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Gates Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Griffin Caryotakis
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Aik-Choon Tan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David A Norris
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - William A Robinson
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jillian G VanTreeck
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yiqun G Shellman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Gates Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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3
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Huang L, Zuo Y, Li S, Li C. Melanocyte stem cells in the skin: Origin, biological characteristics, homeostatic maintenance and therapeutic potential. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1720. [PMID: 38778457 PMCID: PMC11111606 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanocyte stem cells (MSCs), melanocyte lineage-specific skin stem cells derived from the neural crest, are observed in the mammalian hair follicle, the epidermis or the sweat gland. MSCs differentiate into mature melanin-producing melanocytes, which confer skin and hair pigmentation and uphold vital skin functions. In controlling and coordinating the homeostasis, repair and regeneration of skin tissue, MSCs play a vital role. Decreased numbers or impaired functions of MSCs are closely associated with the development and therapy of many skin conditions, such as hair graying, vitiligo, wound healing and melanoma. With the advancement of stem cell technology, the relevant features of MSCs have been further elaborated. In this review, we provide an exhaustive overview of cutaneous MSCs and highlight the latest advances in MSC research. A better understanding of the biological characteristics and micro-environmental regulatory mechanisms of MSCs will help to improve clinical applications in regenerative medicine, skin pigmentation disorders and cancer therapy. KEY POINTS: This review provides a concise summary of the origin, biological characteristics, homeostatic maintenance and therapeutic potential of cutaneous MSCs. The role and potential application value of MSCs in skin pigmentation disorders are discussed. The significance of single-cell RNA sequencing, CRISPR-Cas9 technology and practical models in MSCs research is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luling Huang
- Department of DermatologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yuzhi Zuo
- Department of Plastic and Burns SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Shuli Li
- Department of DermatologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of DermatologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
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4
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Liu H, Xing F, Yu P, Zhe M, Duan X, Liu M, Xiang Z, Ritz U. A review of biomacromolecule-based 3D bioprinting strategies for structure-function integrated repair of skin tissues. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131623. [PMID: 38642687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
When skin is damaged or affected by diseases, it often undergoes irreversible scar formation, leading to aesthetic concerns and psychological distress for patients. In cases of extensive skin defects, the patient's life can be severely compromised. In recent years, 3D printing technology has emerged as a groundbreaking approach to skin tissue engineering, offering promising solutions to various skin-related conditions. 3D bioprinting technology enables the precise fabrication of structures by programming the spatial arrangement of cells within the skin tissue and subsequently printing skin replacements either in a 3D bioprinter or directly at the site of the defect. This study provides a comprehensive overview of various biopolymer-based inks, with a particular emphasis on chitosan (CS), starch, alginate, agarose, cellulose, and fibronectin, all of which are natural polymers belonging to the category of biomacromolecules. Additionally, it summarizes artificially synthesized polymers capable of enhancing the performance of these biomacromolecule-based bioinks, thereby composing hybrid biopolymer inks aimed at better application in skin tissue engineering endeavors. This review paper examines the recent advancements, characteristics, benefits, and limitations of biological 3D bioprinting techniques for skin tissue engineering. By utilizing bioinks containing seed cells, hydrogels with bioactive factors, and biomaterials, complex structures resembling natural skin can be accurately fabricated in a layer-by-layer manner. The importance of biological scaffolds in promoting skin wound healing and the role of 3D bioprinting in skin tissue regeneration processes is discussed. Additionally, this paper addresses the challenges and constraints associated with current 3D bioprinting technologies for skin tissue and presents future perspectives. These include advancements in bioink formulations, full-thickness skin bioprinting, vascularization strategies, and skin appendages bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Peiyun Yu
- LIMES Institute, Department of Molecular Brain Physiology and Behavior, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Man Zhe
- Animal Experiment Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhou Xiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Orthopedics, Sanya People's Hospital, 572000 Sanya, Hainan, China.
| | - Ulrike Ritz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Biomatics Group, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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5
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Cui YZ, Xu F, Zhou Y, Wang ZY, Yang XY, Fu NC, Chen XB, Zheng YX, Chen XY, Ye LR, Li YY, Man XY. SPRY1 Deficiency in Keratinocytes Induces Follicular Melanocyte Stem Cell Migration to the Epidermis through p53/Stem Cell Factor/C-KIT Signaling. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)00178-7. [PMID: 38462125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The function and survival of melanocytes is regulated by an elaborate network of paracrine factors synthesized mainly by epidermal keratinocytes (KCs). KCs and melanocytes respond to UV exposure by eliciting a tanning response. However, how KCs and melanocytes interact in the absence of UV exposure is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that after SPRY1 knockout in epidermal KCs, melanocyte stem cells in the hair follicle exit the niche without depleting the pool of these cells. We also found that melanocyte stem cells migrate to the epidermis in a p53/stem cell factor/C-KIT-dependent manner induced by a tanning-like response resulting from SPRY1 loss in epidermal KCs. Once there, these cells differentiate into functional melanocytes. These findings provide an example in which the migration of melanocyte stem cells to the epidermis is due to loss of SPRY1 in epidermal KCs and show the potential for developing therapies for skin pigmentation disorders by manipulating melanocyte stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Zhe Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Yuan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Yu Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ni-Chang Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Bei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Xin Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Yan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Ran Ye
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Man
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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6
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Paus R, Sevilla A, Grichnik JM. Human Hair Graying Revisited: Principles, Misconceptions, and Key Research Frontiers. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:474-491. [PMID: 38099887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.09.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Hair graying holds psychosocial importance and serves as an excellent model for studying human pigmentation and aging in an accessible miniorgan. Current evidence suggests that graying results from an interindividually varying mixture of cumulative oxidative and DNA damage, excessive mTORC1 activity, melanocyte senescence, and inadequate production of pigmentation-promoting factors in the hair matrix. Various regulators modulate this process, including genetic factors (DNA repair defects and IRF4 sequence variation, peripheral clock genes, P-cadherin signaling, neuromediators, HGF, KIT ligand secretion, and autophagic flux. This leads to reduced MITF- and tyrosinase-controlled melanogenesis, defective melanosome transfer to precortical matrix keratinocytes, and eventual depletion of hair follicle (HF) pigmentary unit (HFPU) melanocytes and their local progenitors. Graying becomes irreversible only when bulge melanocyte stem cells are also depleted, occurring later in this process. Distinct pigmentary microenvironments are created as the HF cycles: early anagen is the most conducive phase for melanocytic reintegration and activation, and only during anagen can the phenotype of hair graying and repigmentation manifest, whereas the HFPU disassembles during catagen. The temporary reversibility of graying is highlighted by several drugs and hormones that induce repigmentation, indicating potential target pathways. We advise caution in directly applying mouse model concepts, define major open questions, and discuss future human antigraying strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Paus
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; CUTANEON - Skin & Hair Innovations, Hamburg, Germany; Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany.
| | - Alec Sevilla
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Lakeland Regional Health, Lakeland, Florida, USA
| | - James M Grichnik
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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7
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Marinho PA, Jeong G, Shin SH, Kim SN, Choi H, Lee SH, Park BC, Hong YD, Kim HJ, Park WS. The development of an in vitrohuman hair follicle organoid with a complexity similar to that in vivo. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:025041. [PMID: 38324888 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad2707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
In vitrohair follicle (HF) models are currently limited toex vivoHF organ cultures (HFOCs) or 2D models that are of low availability and do not reproduce the architecture or behavior of the hair, leading to poor screening systems. To resolve this issue, we developed a technology for the construction of a humanin vitrohair construct based on the assemblage of different types of cells present in the hair organ. First, we demonstrated that epithelial cells, when isolatedin vitro, have similar genetic signatures regardless of their dissection site, and their trichogenic potential is dependent on the culture conditions. Then, using cell aggregation techniques, 3D spheres of dermal papilla (DP) were constructed, and subsequently, epithelial cells were added, enabling the production and organization of keratins in hair, similar to what is seenin vivo. These reconstructed tissues resulted in the following hair compartments: K71 (inner root-sheath), K85 (matrix region), K75 (companion layer), and vimentin (DP). Furthermore, the new hair model was able to elongate similarly toex vivoHFOC, resulting in a shaft-like shape several hundred micrometers in length. As expected, when the model was exposed to hair growth enhancers, such as ginseng extract, or inhibitors, such as TGF-B-1, significant effects similar to thosein vivowere observed. Moreover, when transplanted into skin biopsies, the new constructs showed signs of integration and hair bud generation. Owing to its simplicity and scalability, this model fully enables high throughput screening of molecules, which allows understanding of the mechanism by which new actives treat hair loss, finding optimal concentrations, and determining the synergy and antagonism among different raw materials. Therefore, this model could be a starting point for applying regenerative medicine approaches to treat hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gyusang Jeong
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Shin
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Na Kim
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongwon Choi
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Lee
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Cheol Park
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Deog Hong
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-June Kim
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Seok Park
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
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8
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Lee JH, Choi S. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms of stem cell dynamics in hair follicle regeneration. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:110-117. [PMID: 38182654 PMCID: PMC10834421 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01151-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Hair follicles, which are connected to sebaceous glands in the skin, undergo cyclic periods of regeneration, degeneration, and rest throughout adult life in mammals. The crucial function of hair follicle stem cells is to maintain these hair growth cycles. Another vital aspect is the activity of melanocyte stem cells, which differentiate into melanin-producing melanocytes, contributing to skin and hair pigmentation. Sebaceous gland stem cells also have a pivotal role in maintaining the skin barrier by regenerating mature sebocytes. These stem cells are maintained in a specialized microenvironment or niche and are regulated by internal and external signals, determining their dynamic behaviors in homeostasis and hair follicle regeneration. The activity of these stem cells is tightly controlled by various factors secreted by the niche components around the hair follicles, as well as immune-mediated damage signals, aging, metabolic status, and stress. In this study, we review these diverse stem cell regulatory and related molecular mechanisms of hair regeneration and disease conditions. Molecular insights would provide new perspectives on the disease mechanisms as well as hair and skin disorder treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Sekyu Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Medical Science and Engineering, School of Convergence Science and Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology (I_CREATE), Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Manicardi V, Gugnoni M, Sauta E, Donati B, Vitale E, Torricelli F, Manzotti G, Piana S, Longo C, Ghini F, Ciarrocchi A. Ex vivo mapping of enhancer networks that define the transcriptional program driving melanoma metastasis. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:2728-2742. [PMID: 37408506 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mortality from vmelanoma is associated with metastatic disease, but the mechanisms leading to spreading of the cancer cells remain obscure. Spatial profiling revealed that melanoma is characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity, which is established by the ability of melanoma cells to switch between different phenotypical stages. This plasticity, likely a heritage from embryonic pathways, accounts for a relevant part of the metastatic potential of these lesions, and requires the rapid and efficient reorganization of the transcriptional landscape of melanoma cells. A large part of the non-coding genome cooperates to control gene expression, specifically through the activity of enhancers (ENHs). In this study, we aimed to identify ex vivo the network of active ENHs and to outline their cooperative interactions in supporting transcriptional adaptation during melanoma metastatic progression. We conducted a genome-wide analysis to map active ENHs distribution in a retrospective cohort of 39 melanoma patients, comparing the profiles obtained in primary (N = 19) and metastatic (N = 20) melanoma lesions. Unsupervised clustering showed that the profile for acetylated histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27ac) efficiently segregates lesions into three different clusters corresponding to progressive stages of the disease. We reconstructed the map of super-ENHs (SEs) and cooperative ENHs that associate with metastatic progression in melanoma, which showed that cooperation among regulatory elements is a mandatory requirement for transcriptional plasticity. We also showed that these elements carry out specialized and non-redundant functions, and indicated the existence of a hierarchical organization, with SEs on top as masterminds of the entire transcriptional program and classical ENHs as executors. By providing an innovative vision of how the chromatin landscape of melanoma works during metastatic spreading, our data also point out the need to integrate functional profiling in the analysis of cancer lesions to increase definition and improve interpretation of tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Manicardi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Mila Gugnoni
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Benedetta Donati
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Vitale
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Federica Torricelli
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Gloria Manzotti
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Longo
- Skin Cancer Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesco Ghini
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciarrocchi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy
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10
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Sun Q, Brinks A, Ito M. Reversible Differentiation of Melanocyte Stem Cells: Designed to Last or Be Lost? J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:2343-2345. [PMID: 37676220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.06.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, USA; Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Anna Brinks
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, USA; Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Mayumi Ito
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, USA; Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, USA.
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11
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Chong Y, Tu X, Lu Y, Gao Z, He X, Hong J, Wu J, Wu D, Xi D, Deng W. Two High-Quality Cygnus Genome Assemblies Reveal Genomic Variations Associated with Plumage Color. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16953. [PMID: 38069278 PMCID: PMC10707585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As an exemplary model for examining molecular mechanisms responsible for extreme phenotypic variations, plumage color has garnered significant interest. The Cygnus genus features two species, Cygnus olor and Cygnus atratus, that exhibit striking disparities in plumage color. However, the molecular foundation for this differentiation has remained elusive. Herein, we present two high-quality genomes for C. olor and C. atratus, procured using the Illumina and Nanopore technologies. The assembled genome of C. olor was 1.12 Gb in size with a contig N50 of 26.82 Mb, while its counterpart was 1.13 Gb in size with a contig N50 of 21.91 Mb. A comparative analysis unveiled three genes (TYR, SLC45A2, and SLC7A11) with structural variants in the melanogenic pathway. Notably, we also identified a novel gene, PWWP domain containing 2A (PWWP2A), that is related to plumage color, for the first time. Using targeted gene modification analysis, we demonstrated the potential genetic effect of the PWWP2A variant on pigment gene expression and melanin production. Finally, our findings offer insight into the intricate pattern of pigmentation and the role of polygenes in birds. Furthermore, these two high-quality genome references provide a comprehensive resource and perspective for comparative functional and genetic studies of evolution within the Cygnus genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Chong
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Z.G.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Xiaolong Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China;
| | - Ying Lu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Z.G.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Zhendong Gao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Z.G.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Xiaoming He
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Z.G.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Jieyun Hong
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Z.G.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Jiao Wu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Z.G.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Dongdong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China;
| | - Dongmei Xi
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Z.G.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (D.X.)
| | - Weidong Deng
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Z.G.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (D.X.)
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12
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Ji C, Ma J, Feng C, Zhu H, Gao Y, Huang J, Shen H, Wei Y. Promotion of Hair Regrowth in Androgenetic Alopecia with Supplemented Erzhi Wan: Exploring Its Mechanism Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:2995-3022. [PMID: 37901149 PMCID: PMC10612515 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s425295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Supplemented Erzhi Wan (SEZW) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine commonly used in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). This study aims to verify the effectiveness of SEZW for the treatment of AGA in mice and explore the potential molecular mechanisms underlying its function using network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods Forty mice were divided into five groups: Control, AGA-model, AGA-Positive, SEZW Low Dose, and SEZW High Dose. Hair regrowth in mice was evaluated by scoring hair on days 0, 14, and 28 post-treatment and weighing mouse hair on day 28 post-treatment. The targets of the active compounds of SEZW were obtained using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database. AGA-related targets were downloaded from five databases. Then, the overlapping genes were identified. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the STRING database. Hub targets were determined through analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed. Finally, molecular docking of active compounds and hub targets was performed. Results Hair regrowth in mice in the SEZW treatment groups was significantly enhanced relative to that in the AGA-model mice. A total of 59 potential drug-disease targets were identified. Based on the GO/KEGG analysis results, oxidative stress and gland development were identified as potential mechanisms of action of SEZW in AGA treatment. The PI3K-Akt and AGE-RAGE signaling pathways and seven hub targets were identified as the potential underlying mechanism of SEZW function. Molecular docking results showed that the most active SEZW compounds bind stably to several of the candidate disease targets. Conclusion SEZW is effective in the treatment of AGA in a mouse model. Combined with network pharmacological analysis, the potential mechanisms, signaling pathways, and hub targets of SEZW in the treatment of AGA were identified, providing new ideas for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ji
- Department of Dermatology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongliu Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanwei Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuegang Wei
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Stüfchen I, Beyer F, Staebler S, Fischer S, Kappelmann M, Beckervordersandforth R, Bosserhoff AK. Sox9 regulates melanocytic fate decision of adult hair follicle stem cells. iScience 2023; 26:106919. [PMID: 37283806 PMCID: PMC10239701 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The bulge of hair follicles harbors Nestin+ (neural crest like) stem cells, which exhibit the potential to generate various cell types including melanocytes. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of Sox9, an important regulator during neural crest development, in melanocytic differentiation of those adult Nestin+ cells. Immunohistochemical analysis after conditional Sox9 deletion in Nestin+ cells of adult mice revealed that Sox9 is crucial for melanocytic differentiation of these cells and that Sox9 acts as a fate determinant between melanocytic and glial fate. A deeper understanding of factors that regulate fate decision, proliferation and differentiation of these stem cells provides new aspects to melanoma research as melanoma cells share many similarities with neural crest cells. In summary, we here show the important role of Sox9 in melanocytic versus glial fate decision of Nestin+ stem cells in the skin of adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Stüfchen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Beyer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Staebler
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Fischer
- Faculty of Computer Science, Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Deggendorf, Germany
| | - Melanie Kappelmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Faculty of Computer Science, Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Deggendorf, Germany
| | | | - Anja K. Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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14
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Sun Q, Lee W, Hu H, Ogawa T, De Leon S, Katehis I, Lim CH, Takeo M, Cammer M, Taketo MM, Gay DL, Millar SE, Ito M. Dedifferentiation maintains melanocyte stem cells in a dynamic niche. Nature 2023; 616:774-782. [PMID: 37076619 PMCID: PMC10132989 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05960-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
For unknow reasons, the melanocyte stem cell (McSC) system fails earlier than other adult stem cell populations1, which leads to hair greying in most humans and mice2,3. Current dogma states that McSCs are reserved in an undifferentiated state in the hair follicle niche, physically segregated from differentiated progeny that migrate away following cues of regenerative stimuli4-8. Here we show that most McSCs toggle between transit-amplifying and stem cell states for both self-renewal and generation of mature progeny, a mechanism fundamentally distinct from those of other self-renewing systems. Live imaging and single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that McSCs are mobile, translocating between hair follicle stem cell and transit-amplifying compartments where they reversibly enter distinct differentiation states governed by local microenvironmental cues (for example, WNT). Long-term lineage tracing demonstrated that the McSC system is maintained by reverted McSCs rather than by reserved stem cells inherently exempt from reversible changes. During ageing, there is accumulation of stranded McSCs that do not contribute to the regeneration of melanocyte progeny. These results identify a new model whereby dedifferentiation is integral to homeostatic stem cell maintenance and suggest that modulating McSC mobility may represent a new approach for the prevention of hair greying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wendy Lee
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hai Hu
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tatsuya Ogawa
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sophie De Leon
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ioanna Katehis
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chae Ho Lim
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Makoto Takeo
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Cammer
- Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Mark Taketo
- Colon Cancer Program, Kyoto University Hospital-iACT, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Denise L Gay
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- DLGBioLogics, Paris, France
| | - Sarah E Millar
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology and Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mayumi Ito
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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15
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Zhang X, Zhu J, Zhang J, Zhao H. Melanocyte stem cells and hair graying. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:1720-1723. [PMID: 36853923 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the relationship between melanocyte stem cells in the hair follicle bulge and hair graying so as to fully understand their key role in the pathogenesis of hair graying. METHODS The published articles about "hair graying, hair color, pigmentation disorders" and "melanocyte stem cells, melanocyte" were searched and analyzed in PubMed to explore their relationship. RESULTS Melanocytes in hair bulb are involved in the pathogenesis of hair graying as well as the melanocyte stem cells in hair follicle bulge also play important roles in the formation of hair graying through some ways. CONCLUSION Loss of melanocyte stem cells in hair follicle bulge is one of the main reasons of hair graying, and more researches are needed to explain the underlying mechanisms of ectopic differentiation of melanocyte stem cells in different individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinyu Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiezhi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hengguang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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16
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Fernandes B, Cavaco-Paulo A, Matamá T. A Comprehensive Review of Mammalian Pigmentation: Paving the Way for Innovative Hair Colour-Changing Cosmetics. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020290. [PMID: 36829566 PMCID: PMC9953601 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The natural colour of hair shafts is formed at the bulb of hair follicles, and it is coupled to the hair growth cycle. Three critical processes must happen for efficient pigmentation: (1) melanosome biogenesis in neural crest-derived melanocytes, (2) the biochemical synthesis of melanins (melanogenesis) inside melanosomes, and (3) the transfer of melanin granules to surrounding pre-cortical keratinocytes for their incorporation into nascent hair fibres. All these steps are under complex genetic control. The array of natural hair colour shades are ascribed to polymorphisms in several pigmentary genes. A myriad of factors acting via autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine mechanisms also contributes for hair colour diversity. Given the enormous social and cosmetic importance attributed to hair colour, hair dyeing is today a common practice. Nonetheless, the adverse effects of the long-term usage of such cosmetic procedures demand the development of new methods for colour change. In this context, case reports of hair lightening, darkening and repigmentation as a side-effect of the therapeutic usage of many drugs substantiate the possibility to tune hair colour by interfering with the biology of follicular pigmentary units. By scrutinizing mammalian pigmentation, this review pinpoints key targetable processes for the development of innovative cosmetics that can safely change the hair colour from the inside out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Fernandes
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.C.-P.); (T.M.); Tel.: +351-253-604-409 (A.C.-P.); +351-253-601-599 (T.M.)
| | - Teresa Matamá
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.C.-P.); (T.M.); Tel.: +351-253-604-409 (A.C.-P.); +351-253-601-599 (T.M.)
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17
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Jang H, Jo Y, Lee JH, Choi S. Aging of hair follicle stem cells and their niches. BMB Rep 2023; 56:2-9. [PMID: 36379515 PMCID: PMC9887102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair follicles in the skin undergo cyclic rounds of regeneration, degeneration, and rest throughout life. Stem cells residing in hair follicles play a pivotal role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and hair growth cycles. Research on hair follicle aging and age-related hair loss has demonstrated that a decline in hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) activity with aging can decrease the regeneration capacity of hair follicles. This review summarizes our understanding of how age-associated HFSC intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms can induce HFSC aging and hair loss. In addition, we discuss approaches developed to attenuate ageassociated changes in HFSCs and their niches, thereby promoting hair regrowth. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(1): 2-9].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansaem Jang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea, Incheon 21983, Korea
| | - Yemin Jo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea, Incheon 21983, Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Lee
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, Korea,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Incheon 21983, Korea
| | - Sekyu Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea, Incheon 21983, Korea,School of Medical Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea,School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea,Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology (I_CREATE), Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea,Corresponding author. Tel: +82-54-279-2359; Fax: +82-54-279-2199; E-mail:
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18
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Jang H, Jo Y, Lee JH, Choi S. Aging of hair follicle stem cells and their niches. BMB Rep 2023; 56:2-9. [PMID: 36379515 PMCID: PMC9887102 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair follicles in the skin undergo cyclic rounds of regeneration, degeneration, and rest throughout life. Stem cells residing in hair follicles play a pivotal role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and hair growth cycles. Research on hair follicle aging and age-related hair loss has demonstrated that a decline in hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) activity with aging can decrease the regeneration capacity of hair follicles. This review summarizes our understanding of how age-associated HFSC intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms can induce HFSC aging and hair loss. In addition, we discuss approaches developed to attenuate ageassociated changes in HFSCs and their niches, thereby promoting hair regrowth. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(1): 2-9].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansaem Jang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea, Incheon 21983, Korea
| | - Yemin Jo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea, Incheon 21983, Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Lee
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, Korea
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, Incheon 21983, Korea
| | - Sekyu Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea, Incheon 21983, Korea
- School of Medical Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology (I_CREATE), Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
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19
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Spaccarelli N, Drozdowski R, Peters MS, Grant-Kels JM. Dysplastic nevus part II: Dysplastic nevi: Molecular/genetic profiles and management. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 88:13-20. [PMID: 36252690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dermatologists frequently see patients with clinically atypical nevi and dermatopathologists interpret histologically dysplastic nevi on a near-daily basis, but there is great variability in the definition and management of such lesions. This part of the CME review focuses on information published since the previous comprehensive review (2012), with emphasis on molecular and genetic attributes of histologically dysplastic nevi and clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Spaccarelli
- Department of Dermatology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columubs, Ohio
| | - Roman Drozdowski
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Margot S Peters
- Departments of Dermatology and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Departments of Dermatology, Pathology and Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.
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20
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Sox2 in the dermal papilla regulates hair follicle pigmentation. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111100. [PMID: 35858560 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the hair follicle (HF) niche, dermal papilla (DP) cells are well known for the hair induction capacity; however, DP cell signaling also regulates HF pigmentation. Here we describe how Sox2 in the DP is a key regulator of melanocyte signaling. To study the largely unknown regulatory role the DP has on hair pigmentation, we characterize leptin receptor (Lepr) expression in the skin and as a genetic tool to target the DP. Sox2 ablation in the DP results in a phenotypic switch from eumelanin to pheomelanin. Mechanistically, we describe a temporal upregulation of Agouti and downregulation of Corin, directly by Sox2 in the DP. We also show that bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling regulation by Sox2 is responsible for downregulating MC1R, Dct, and Tyr in melanocytes of Sox2 cKO mice. Thus, we demonstrate that Sox2 in the DP regulates not only the choice of hair pigment but also the overall HF pigment production.
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21
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Baess SC, Burkhart AK, Cappello S, Graband A, Seré K, Zenke M, Niemann C, Iden S. Lrig1- and Wnt-dependent niches dictate segregation of resident immune cells and melanocytes in murine tail epidermis. Development 2022; 149:275959. [PMID: 35815643 PMCID: PMC9382897 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The barrier-forming, self-renewing mammalian epidermis comprises keratinocytes, pigment-producing melanocytes and resident immune cells as first-line host defense. In murine tail skin, interfollicular epidermis patterns into pigmented ‘scale’ and hypopigmented ‘interscale’ epidermis. Why and how mature melanocytes accumulate in scale epidermis is unresolved. Here, we delineate a cellular hierarchy among epidermal cell types that determines skin patterning. Already during postnatal development, melanocytes co-segregate with newly forming scale compartments. Intriguingly, this process coincides with partitioning of both Langerhans cells and dendritic epidermal T cells to interscale epidermis, suggesting functional segregation of pigmentation and immune surveillance. Analysis of non-pigmented mice and of mice lacking melanocytes or resident immune cells revealed that immunocyte patterning is melanocyte and melanin independent and, vice versa, immune cells do not control melanocyte localization. Instead, genetically enforced progressive scale fusion upon Lrig1 deletion showed that melanocytes and immune cells dynamically follow epithelial scale:interscale patterns. Importantly, disrupting Wnt-Lef1 function in keratinocytes caused melanocyte mislocalization to interscale epidermis, implicating canonical Wnt signaling in organizing the pigmentation pattern. Together, this work uncovers cellular and molecular principles underlying the compartmentalization of tissue functions in skin. Summary: Pigmentation and immune surveillance functions in murine tail skin are spatially segregated by Lrig1- and Wnt-Lef1-dependent keratinocyte lineages that control the partitioning of melanocytes and tissue-resident immune cells into distinct epidermal niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne C. Baess
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne 1 , 50931 Cologne , Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne 2 , 50931 Cologne , Germany
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University 3 , Faculty of Medicine, 66421 Homburg/Saar , Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Burkhart
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University 3 , Faculty of Medicine, 66421 Homburg/Saar , Germany
| | - Sabrina Cappello
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University 3 , Faculty of Medicine, 66421 Homburg/Saar , Germany
| | - Annika Graband
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne 1 , 50931 Cologne , Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne 2 , 50931 Cologne , Germany
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University 3 , Faculty of Medicine, 66421 Homburg/Saar , Germany
| | - Kristin Seré
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering 4 , Department of Cell Biology , , 52074 Aachen , Germany
- RWTH Aachen University Medical School 4 , Department of Cell Biology , , 52074 Aachen , Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University 5 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering 4 , Department of Cell Biology , , 52074 Aachen , Germany
- RWTH Aachen University Medical School 4 , Department of Cell Biology , , 52074 Aachen , Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University 5 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Catherin Niemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne 2 , 50931 Cologne , Germany
- Center of Biochemistry 6 , Faculty of Medicine , , 50931 Cologne , Germany
- University Hospital Cologne 6 , Faculty of Medicine , , 50931 Cologne , Germany
| | - Sandra Iden
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne 1 , 50931 Cologne , Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne 2 , 50931 Cologne , Germany
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University 3 , Faculty of Medicine, 66421 Homburg/Saar , Germany
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22
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Wang M, Banik I, Shain AH, Yeh I, Bastian BC. Integrated genomic analyses of acral and mucosal melanomas nominate novel driver genes. Genome Med 2022; 14:65. [PMID: 35706047 PMCID: PMC9202124 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acral and mucosal melanomas are aggressive subtypes of melanoma, which have a significantly lower burden of somatic mutations than cutaneous melanomas, but more frequent copy number variations, focused gene amplifications, and structural alterations. The landscapes of their genomic alterations remain to be fully characterized. METHODS We compiled sequencing data of 240 human acral and mucosal melanoma samples from 11 previously published studies and applied a uniform pipeline to call tumor cell content, ploidy, somatic and germline mutations, as well as CNVs, LOH, and SVs. We identified genes that are significantly mutated or recurrently affected by CNVs and implicated in oncogenesis. We further examined the difference in the frequency of recurrent pathogenic alterations between the two melanoma subtypes, correlation between pathogenic alterations, and their association with clinical features. RESULTS We nominated PTPRJ, mutated and homozygously deleted in 3.8% (9/240) and 0.8% (2/240) of samples, respectively, as a probable tumor suppressor gene, and FER and SKP2, amplified in 3.8% and 11.7% of samples, respectively, as probable oncogenes. We further identified a long tail of infrequent pathogenic alterations, involving genes such as CIC and LZTR1. Pathogenic germline mutations were observed on MITF, PTEN, ATM, and PRKN. We found BRAF V600E mutations in acral melanomas with fewer structural variations, suggesting that they are distinct and related to cutaneous melanomas. Amplifications of PAK1 and GAB2 were more commonly observed in acral melanomas, whereas SF3B1 R625 codon mutations were unique to mucosal melanomas (12.9%). Amplifications at 11q13-14 were frequently accompanied by fusion to a region on chromosome 6q12, revealing a recurrent novel structural rearrangement whose role remains to be elucidated. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis expands the catalog of driver mutations in acral and mucosal melanomas, sheds new light on their pathogenesis and broadens the catalog of therapeutic targets for these difficult-to-treat cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ishani Banik
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A Hunter Shain
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Iwei Yeh
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Boris C Bastian
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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23
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Modeling human gray hair by irradiation as a valuable tool to study aspects of tissue aging. GeroScience 2022; 45:1215-1230. [PMID: 35612775 PMCID: PMC9886793 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the earliest and most visible phenomenon of aging, gray hair makes it a unique model system for investigating the mechanism of aging. Ionizing radiation successfully induces gray hair in mice, and also provides a venue to establish an organ-cultured human gray hair model. To establish a suitable organ-cultured human gray HF model by IR, which imitates gray hair in the elderly, and to explore the mechanisms behind the model. By detecting growth parameters, melanotic and senescence markers of the model, we found that the model of 5 Gy accords best with features of elderly gray hair. Then, we investigated the formation mechanisms of the model by RNA-sequencing. We demonstrated that the model of organ-cultured gray HFs after 5 Gy irradiation is closest to the older gray HFs. Moreover, the 5 Gy inhibited the expression of TRP-1, Tyr, Pmel17, and MITF in hair bulbs/ORS of HFs. The 5 Gy also significantly induced ectopically pigmented melanocytes and increased the expression of DNA damage and senescence in HFs. Finally, RNA-seq analysis of the model suggested that IR resulted in cell DNA damage, and the accumulation of oxidative stress in the keratinocytes. Oxidative stress and DNA damage caused cell dysfunction and decreased melanin synthesis in the gray HFs. We found that HFs irradiated at 5 Gy successfully constructed an appropriate aging HF model. This may provide a useful model for cost-effective and predictable treatment strategies to human hair graying and the process of aging.
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24
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Casalou C, Moreiras H, Mayatra JM, Fabre A, Tobin DJ. Loss of 'Epidermal Melanin Unit' Integrity in Human Skin During Melanoma-Genesis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:878336. [PMID: 35574390 PMCID: PMC9097079 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.878336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma can be a most challenging neoplasm of high lethality, in part due to its extreme heterogeneity and characteristic aggressive and invasive nature. Indeed, its moniker 'the great masquerader' reflects that not all melanomas are created equal in terms of their originating cellular contexts, but also that melanoma cells in the malignant tumor can adopt a wide range of different cell states and variable organotropism. In this review, we focus on the early phases of melanomagenesis by discussing how the originating pigment cell of the melanocyte lineage can be influenced to embark on a wide range of tumor fates with distinctive microanatomical pathways. In particular, we assess how cells of the melanocyte lineage can differ by maturation status (stem cell; melanoblast; transiently amplifying cell; differentiated; post-mitotic; terminally-differentiated) as well as by micro-environmental niche (in the stratum basale of the epidermis; within skin appendages like hair follicle, eccrine gland, etc). We discuss how the above variable contexts may influence the susceptibility of the epidermal-melanin unit (EMU) to become unstable, which may presage cutaneous melanoma development. We also assess how unique features of follicular-melanin unit(s) (FMUs) can, by contrast, protect melanocytes from melanomagenesis. Lastly, we postulate how variable melanocyte fates in vitiligo, albinism, psoriasis, and alopecia areata may provide new insights into immune-/non immune-mediated outcomes for melanocytes in cutaneous melanin units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Casalou
- The Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hugo Moreiras
- The Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jay M Mayatra
- The Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aurelie Fabre
- Department of Histopathology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,The Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Desmond J Tobin
- The Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,The Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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25
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Aging and “rejuvenation” of resident stem cells — a new way to active longevity? КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА 2022. [DOI: 10.17816/clinpract104999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents the current data on the methodology for assessing the biological and epigenetic age, describes the concept of the epigenetic clock, and characterizes the main types of resident stem cells and the specifics of their aging. It has been shown that age-related changes in organs and tissues, as well as age-related diseases, are largely due to the aging of resident stem cells. The latter represent an attractive target for cell rejuvenation, as they can be isolated, cultured ex vivo, modified, and re-introduced into the resident niches. Two main methodologies for the cellular rejuvenation are presented: genetic reprogramming with zeroing the age of a cell using transient expression of transcription factors, and various approaches to epigenetic rejuvenation. The close relationship between aging, regeneration, and oncogenesis, and between these factors and the functioning of resident stem cell niches requires further precision studies, which, we are sure, can result in the creation of an effective anti-aging strategy and prolongation of human active life.
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26
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Nie XQ, Li YH, Zhou T, Lu C, Li D, Xiong ZL, Deng YH. Effect of An Atmospheric Plasma Jet on the Differentiation of Melanoblast Progenitor. Curr Med Sci 2022; 42:629-634. [PMID: 35366149 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2542-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Melanoblasts are the cell source of regeneration for pigment restoration. The ability to differentiate into mature melanocytes is the essential feature of melanoblasts in depigmentation diseases. Cold atmospheric plasma is an ionized gas with near-room temperature and highly reactive species that has been shown to induce stem cell differentiation. The aim of the study was to explore the effect of cold atmospheric plasma on the differentiation of melanoblast progenitor cells. METHODS In this study, melanoblasts were exposed to the plasma jet and the cell morphology was observed. The cell cycle and cell proliferation were detected. Furthermore, the cell immunofluorescence and the detection of melanin particle and nitric oxide were carried out to investigate the differentiation of melanoblast progenitor cells. RESULTS Cells that were treated with the plasma had longer and more synaptic structures, and the G1 phase of cell cycle was prolonged in the treated group. More melanin synthesis-related proteins and melanin particles were produced after plasma treatment. Nitric oxide was one of the active components generated by the plasma jet, and the nitric oxide content in the cell culture medium of the treated group increased. CONCLUSION These results indicate that an increase in nitric oxide production caused by a plasma jet can promote cell differentiation. The application of plasma provides an innovative strategy for the treatment of depigmentation diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qi Nie
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yu-Han Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zi-Lan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Yun-Hua Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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27
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Li S, Zenkel M, Kruse FE, Gießl A, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U. Identification, Isolation, and Characterization of Melanocyte Precursor Cells in the Human Limbal Stroma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073756. [PMID: 35409129 PMCID: PMC8998324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Given their vital role in the homeostasis of the limbal stem cell niche, limbal melanocytes have emerged as promising candidates for tissue engineering applications. This study aimed to isolate and characterize a population of melanocyte precursors in the limbal stroma, compared with melanocytes originating from the limbal epithelium, using magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) with positive (CD117/c-Kit microbeads) or negative (CD326/EpCAM or anti-fibroblast microbeads) selection approaches. Both approaches enabled fast and easy isolation and cultivation of pure limbal epithelial and stromal melanocyte populations, which differed in phenotype and gene expression, but exhibited similar functional properties regarding proliferative potential, pigmentation, and support of clonal growth of limbal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (LEPCs). In both melanocyte populations, limbus-specific matrix (laminin 511-E8) and soluble factors (LEPC-derived conditioned medium) stimulated melanocyte adhesion, dendrite formation, melanogenesis, and expression of genes involved in UV protection and immune regulation. The findings provided not only a novel protocol for the enrichment of pure melanocyte populations from limbal tissue applying easy-to-use MACS technology, but also identified a population of stromal melanocyte precursors, which may serve as a reservoir for the replacement of damaged epithelial melanocytes and an alternative resource for tissue engineering applications.
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28
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Song JW, Choi S, Kim G, Lee HB, Rao PS, Shin J, Kim EK, Cho DG. Isolation of a Melanoblast Stimulator from Dimocarpus longan, Its Structural Modification, and Structure-Activity Relationships for Vitiligo. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072135. [PMID: 35408531 PMCID: PMC9000856 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel melanoblast stimulator (1) was isolated from Dimocarpus longan. Its analogs were also synthesized to support a new furan-based melanoblast stimulator scaffold for treating vitiligo. Isolated 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF, 1) is a well-known compound in the food industry. Surprisingly, the melanogenic activity of HMF (1) was discovered here for the first time. Both HMF and its synthetic analog (16) promote the differentiation and migration of melanoblasts in vitro. Typically, stimulator (1) upregulated MMP2 expression, which promoted the migration of melanoblasts in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Song
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (J.-W.S.); (P.S.R.)
| | - Sunju Choi
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.C.); (G.K.); (H.B.L.); (E.K.K.)
| | - Gayeong Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.C.); (G.K.); (H.B.L.); (E.K.K.)
| | - Hyang Bok Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.C.); (G.K.); (H.B.L.); (E.K.K.)
| | - P. Sankara Rao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (J.-W.S.); (P.S.R.)
| | - Jeonghyun Shin
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
| | - Eun Ki Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.C.); (G.K.); (H.B.L.); (E.K.K.)
| | - Dong-Gyu Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (J.-W.S.); (P.S.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-860-7686
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29
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Karigane D, Haraguchi M, Toyama-Sorimachi N, Nishimura EK, Takubo K. Mitf is required for T cell maturation by regulating dendritic cell homing to the thymus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 596:29-35. [PMID: 35108651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Thymic dendritic cells (DCs) promote immune tolerance by regulating negative selection of autoreactive T cells in the thymus. How DC homing to the thymus is transcriptionally regulated is still unclear. Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf) is broadly expressed and plays essential roles in the hematopoietic system. Here, we used Mitf-mutated mice (Mitfvit/vit) and found enlargement of the thymus and expansion of CD4/CD8 double-positive T cells. Mitf was highly expressed in a subset of thymic DCs among the hematopoietic system. Genetic mutation or pharmacological inhibition of Mitf in DCs decreased the expression levels of Itga4, which are critical molecules for the homing of DCs to the thymus. Further, inhibition of Mitf decreased thymic DC number. These results suggest a pivotal role of Mitf in the maintenance of T cell differentiation by regulating the homing of DC subsets within the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Karigane
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan.
| | - Miho Haraguchi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Toyama-Sorimachi
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi K Nishimura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Aging and Regeneration, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiyo Takubo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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30
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Characterization of a melanocyte progenitor population in human interfollicular epidermis. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110419. [PMID: 35235792 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is still unknown whether the human interfollicular epidermis harbors a reservoir of melanocyte precursor cells. Here, we clearly distinguish between three distinct types of melanocytes in human interfollicular epidermis: (1) cKit+CD90-, (2) cKit+CD90+, and (3) cKit-CD90+. Importantly, we identify the Kit tyrosine kinase receptor (cKit) as a marker expressed specifically in mature, melanin-producing melanocytes. Thus, both cKit+CD90- and cKit+CD90+ cells represent polydendritic, pigmented mature melanocytes, whereas cKit-CD90+ cells display bipolar, non-dendritic morphology with reduced melanin content. Additionally, using tissue-engineered pigmented dermo-epidermal skin substitutes (melDESSs), we reveal that the cKit expression also plays an important role during melanogenesis in melDESS in vivo. Interestingly, cKit-CD90+ cells lack the expression of markers such as HMB45, TYR, and TRP1 in vitro and in vivo. However, they co-express neural-crest progenitor markers and demonstrate multilineage differentiation potential in vitro. Hence, we propose that cKit-CD90+ cells constitute the precursor melanocyte reservoir in human interfollicular epidermis.
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31
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Navarro-Triviño FJ, Ruiz-Villaverde R, Manuel Ramos-Pleguezuelos F, Vañó-Galván S. Canities Subita after Extreme Trauma Showing Positive Staining for Anti-PD-L1 Antibodies: A New Clue into Etiopathogenesis? Skin Appendage Disord 2022; 8:65-69. [PMID: 35118133 PMCID: PMC8787564 DOI: 10.1159/000517805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Canities subita has been considered by some authors an acute episode of diffuse alopecia areata in which the sudden whitening is caused by the preferential loss of pigmented hair in this immune-mediated disorder. Clinically, the "salt and pepper" pattern of hair color is the most frequent manifestation of canities subita. However, the exact physiopathology of canities subita is not completely understood. A 69-year-old Caucasian man was referred for the sudden and asymptomatic whitening of the hair on the scalp and eyebrows, without an associated hair loss. The trigger was the death of his brother. Hair whitening appeared 24 h after the event. He reported a history of alopecia areata in plaques on the scalp, with spontaneous complete resolution in 2006. The physical examination showed full whitening hair on the scalp and eyebrows. Eyelashes were not affected. The pull test was negative, and the patient denied a significant hair loss in the last days. The histopathological study showed several follicle-sebaceous structures in the anagen, and one of them (inset) with a transforming hair bulb. The anterior bulb was surrounded by a lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate in an advanced stage of transformation to the catagen and incipient scar changes. Immunohistochemistry staining showed a positive anti-PD-L1 antibody expressed in the inflammatory infiltrate. Based on the clinical and histological findings, a diagnosis of canities subita was made. The histopathological study showed a positive staining for anti-PD-L1 antibodies, supporting the role of the immune system in the development of this phenomenon. The interaction between melanogenesis and the lymphocytes warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Navarro-Triviño
- Department of Contact Eczema and Immunoallergic diseases, Dermatology, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Sergio Vañó-Galván
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Dermatology Group Pedro Jaén, Madrid, Spain
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32
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Dawes JHP, Kelsh RN. Cell Fate Decisions in the Neural Crest, from Pigment Cell to Neural Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13531. [PMID: 34948326 PMCID: PMC8706606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural crest shows an astonishing multipotency, generating multiple neural derivatives, but also pigment cells, skeletogenic and other cell types. The question of how this process is controlled has been the subject of an ongoing debate for more than 35 years. Based upon new observations of zebrafish pigment cell development, we have recently proposed a novel, dynamic model that we believe goes some way to resolving the controversy. Here, we will firstly summarize the traditional models and the conflicts between them, before outlining our novel model. We will also examine our recent dynamic modelling studies, looking at how these reveal behaviors compatible with the biology proposed. We will then outline some of the implications of our model, looking at how it might modify our views of the processes of fate specification, differentiation, and commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H. P. Dawes
- Centre for Networks and Collective Behaviour, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Robert N. Kelsh
- Centre for Mathematical Biology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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33
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Pss R, Madhunapantula SV, Betkerur JB, Bovilla VR, Shastry V. Melanogenesis markers expression in premature graying of hair- a cross-sectional study. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 35:180-186. [PMID: 34700322 DOI: 10.1159/000520172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on mice and aging human hair follicles provide compelling evidence that graying of hair results from premature differentiation of Melanocyte stem cells (MeSC) in the niche/bulge. OBJECTIVE To analyze whether differentiation of melanocyte stem cells is responsible for premature graying of hair (PGH). METHODS Twenty- five patients of PGH (n=25) attending dermatology department were recruited. Five unpigmented and five pigmented hairs were obtained per patient by separating individual follicles by 1 mm punch biopsies. The hairs were dissected at a distance of 2 mm from the bulb to separate the stem cells (upper segment) (US) from the melanocytes (lower segment) (LS). RNA was extracted from hair follicle segments US and LS, and expression of GP100, Tyrosinase (TYR) and Tyrosinase related protein-1 (TYRP1) genes was quantified using Qiagen one-step RT-PCR kit. RESULTS We found melanogenesis gene expression in both temporary (US) and permanent (LS) segments of unpigmented and pigmented hair follicles. When compared between the US and LS of white hair, the expression of TYR and GP100 was much higher in US than LS, suggestive of melanogenesis in the bulge. Similarly, when compared between white and black US, the expression of all three genes was higher in white US than black US, although not statistically significant. LIMITATIONS Low samples size and lack of data pertaining to the expression of genes at protein level are the limitations of current study. CONCLUSION Even though this pilot study data yielded key information about the expression of GP100, TYR and TYRP-1 at mRNA level, further studies quantifying the expression of these genes at protein level are needed to provide additional clues to further address the results in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranugha Pss
- Department of Dermatology, JSS Medical College, JSSAHER, Mysore, India
| | | | | | | | - Veeranna Shastry
- Department of Dermatology, JSS Medical College, JSSAHER, Mysore, India
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34
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Samoilova EM, Belopasov VV, Ekusheva EV, Zhang C, Troitskiy AV, Baklaushev VP. Epigenetic Clock and Circadian Rhythms in Stem Cell Aging and Rejuvenation. J Pers Med 2021; 11:1050. [PMID: 34834402 PMCID: PMC8620936 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the current understanding of the interaction between circadian rhythms of gene expression and epigenetic clocks characterized by the specific profile of DNA methylation in CpG-islands which mirror the senescence of all somatic cells and stem cells in particular. Basic mechanisms of regulation for circadian genes CLOCK-BMAL1 as well as downstream clock-controlled genes (ССG) are also discussed here. It has been shown that circadian rhythms operate by the finely tuned regulation of transcription and rely on various epigenetic mechanisms including the activation of enhancers/suppressors, acetylation/deacetylation of histones and other proteins as well as DNA methylation. Overall, up to 20% of all genes expressed by the cell are subject to expression oscillations associated with circadian rhythms. Additionally included in the review is a brief list of genes involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms, along with genes important for cell aging, and oncogenesis. Eliminating some of them (for example, Sirt1) accelerates the aging process, while the overexpression of Sirt1, on the contrary, protects against age-related changes. Circadian regulators control a number of genes that activate the cell cycle (Wee1, c-Myc, p20, p21, and Cyclin D1) and regulate histone modification and DNA methylation. Approaches for determining the epigenetic age from methylation profiles across CpG islands in individual cells are described. DNA methylation, which characterizes the function of the epigenetic clock, appears to link together such key biological processes as regeneration and functioning of stem cells, aging and malignant transformation. Finally, the main features of adult stem cell aging in stem cell niches and current possibilities for modulating the epigenetic clock and stem cells rejuvenation as part of antiaging therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina M. Samoilova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, FMBA of Russia, 115682 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.T.); (V.P.B.)
| | | | - Evgenia V. Ekusheva
- Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies, FMBA of Russia, 125371 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Chao Zhang
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China;
| | - Alexander V. Troitskiy
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, FMBA of Russia, 115682 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.T.); (V.P.B.)
| | - Vladimir P. Baklaushev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, FMBA of Russia, 115682 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.T.); (V.P.B.)
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Xu P, Xue YN, Ji HH, Tan C, Guo S. H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress disrupts mitochondrial functions and impairs migratory potential of human epidermal melanocytes. Exp Dermatol 2021; 29:733-741. [PMID: 32580253 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have already been demonstrated to impede the migratory ability in non-melanocytic cell lines by depleting mitochondrial ATP production. Therefore, understanding the mitochondrial metabolic response to migration in the presence of ROS should be a key to understanding repigmentation in vitiligo. This study aimed to investigate the energy mechanism associated with the ROS-mediated attenuation of melanocyte migration. After melanocytes were pretreated with H2 O2 , their ATP production, migratory ability, ultrastructural changes and Mitochondrial Permeability Potential were analysed. The results showed that, in parallel with the decreased ATP production, the migratory ability of melanocytes was significantly inhibited by oxidative stress. Supplementation with exogenous ATP reversed the suppressed ATP-dependent migration of melanocytes. Melanocytes were then stressed with H2 O2 and Agilent Whole Human Genome microarray analysis identified 763 up-regulated mRNAs and 1117 down-regulated mRNAs. Among them, 11 of the encoded proteins were involved in mitochondrial ATP production and their expression levels were verified. The decreased expression of NADH dehydrogenase 2(ND2) , cytochrome c oxidase 1(COX1) and cytochrome c oxidase 3(COX3) was shown to be involved in the depletion of mitochondrial ATP production, which was coupled with the impaired migratory potential. These results indicate that the migration of melanocytes relies heavily on an inexhaustible supply of ATP from mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Ning Xue
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Hui Ji
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shun Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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36
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Eshiba S, Namiki T, Mohri Y, Aida T, Serizawa N, Shibata T, Morinaga H, Nanba D, Hiraoka Y, Tanaka K, Miura K, Tanaka M, Uhara H, Yokozeki H, Saida T, Nishimura EK. Stem cell spreading dynamics intrinsically differentiate acral melanomas from nevi. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109492. [PMID: 34348144 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Early differential diagnosis between malignant and benign tumors and their underlying intrinsic differences are the most critical issues for life-threatening cancers. To study whether human acral melanomas, deadly cancers that occur on non-hair-bearing skin, have distinct origins that underlie their invasive capability, we develop fate-tracing technologies of melanocyte stem cells in sweat glands (glandular McSCs) and in melanoma models in mice and compare the cellular dynamics with human melanoma. Herein, we report that glandular McSCs self-renew to expand their migratory progeny in response to genotoxic stress and trauma to generate invasive melanomas in mice that mimic human acral melanomas. The analysis of melanocytic lesions in human volar skin reveals that genetically unstable McSCs expand in sweat glands and in the surrounding epidermis in melanomas but not in nevi. The detection of such cell spreading dynamics provides an innovative method for an early differential diagnosis of acral melanomas from nevi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Eshiba
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Namiki
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Yasuaki Mohri
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tomomi Aida
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Laboratory of Genome Editing for Biomedical Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Naotaka Serizawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takakazu Shibata
- Medical Corporation Shibata Dermatology Clinic, 1-1-30 Morinomiya Chuo, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0003, Japan
| | - Hironobu Morinaga
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nanba
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hiraoka
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Laboratory of Genome Editing for Biomedical Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kohichi Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Keiko Miura
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, 2-1-10, Nishiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8567, Japan
| | - Hisashi Uhara
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1, West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroo Yokozeki
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Saida
- Shinshu University, 7-7-40-220 Kamiochiai, Chuo-ku, Saitama 338-0001, Japan
| | - Emi K Nishimura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Division of Aging and Regeneration, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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Rachmin I, Lee JH, Zhang B, Sefton J, Jung I, Lee YI, Hsu YC, Fisher DE. Stress-associated ectopic differentiation of melanocyte stem cells and ORS amelanotic melanocytes in an ex vivo human hair follicle model. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:578-587. [PMID: 33598985 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hair greying depends on the altered presence and functionality of hair follicle melanocytes. Melanocyte stem cells (MelSCs) reside in the bulge of hair follicles and give rise to migrating and differentiating progeny during the anagen phase. Ageing, genotoxic stress, redox stress and multiple behaviour-associated acute stressors have been seen to induce hair greying by depleting the MelSC pool, a phenomenon which is accompanied by ectopic pigmentation of these cells, followed by their depletion from the stem cell niche. This aberrant differentiation produces a state from which a return to stem cell-like quiescence appears to be lost. The cellular features of stress-induced hair greying have been extensively studied in murine models. Here, we describe a method to assess and quantify human hair follicle MelSC differentiation by measuring ectopically pigmented MelSCs in isolated human hair follicles exposed to specific stress signal mediators. Ionizing radiation, hydrogen peroxide and noradrenaline have been shown to cause hair greying in mice. We demonstrate here that isolated, ex vivo cultured human hair follicles exposed to these treatments display similar ectopic pigmentation within the bulge area which is accompanied by induction of differentiated melanocytic markers. This study suggests that as in murine models, stress signalling induces closely matching phenotypic changes in human hair follicles which can be monitored and studied as a surrogate model for early steps in human hair greying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Rachmin
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James Sefton
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Inhee Jung
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Young In Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ya-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David E Fisher
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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38
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Awad SS. Seven strategies for the management of depigmented skin according to the etiopathogenesis. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sherif S. Awad
- Dermatology & Venereology Department Faculty of Medicine Minia University Minia Egypt
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Tiwari RL, Mishra P, Martin N, George NO, Sakk V, Soller K, Nalapareddy K, Nattamai K, Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Florian MC, Geiger H. A Wnt5a-Cdc42 axis controls aging and rejuvenation of hair-follicle stem cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:4778-4793. [PMID: 33629967 PMCID: PMC7950224 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Normal hair growth occurs in cycles, comprising growth (anagen), cessation (catagen) and rest (telogen). Upon aging, the initiation of anagen is significantly delayed, which results in impaired hair regeneration. Hair regeneration is driven by hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). We show here that aged HFSCs present with a decrease in canonical Wnt signaling and a shift towards non-canonical Wnt5a driven signaling which antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling. Elevated expression of Wnt5a in HFSCs upon aging results in elevated activity of the small RhoGTPase Cdc42 as well as a change in the spatial distribution of Cdc42 within HFSCs. Treatment of aged HFSC with a specific pharmacological inhibitor of Cdc42 activity termed CASIN to suppress the aging-associated elevated activity of Cdc42 restored canonical Wnt signaling in aged HFSCs. Treatment of aged mice in vivo with CASIN induced anagen onset and increased the percentage of anagen skin areas. Aging-associated functional deficits of HFSCs are at least in part intrinsic to HFSCs and can be restored by rational pharmacological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv L Tiwari
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Pratibha Mishra
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Nicola Martin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | | | - Vadim Sakk
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Karin Soller
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Kodandaramireddy Nalapareddy
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kalpana Nattamai
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | | | | | - Hartmut Geiger
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
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40
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Abstract
The skin is a passive and active barrier which protects the body from the environment. Its health is essential for the accomplishment of this role. Since several decades, the skin has aroused a strong interest in various fields (for e.g. cell biology, medicine, toxicology, cosmetology, and pharmacology). In contrast to other organs, 3D models were mostly and directly elaborated in humans due to its architectural simplicity and easy accessibility. The development of these models benefited from the societal pressure to reduce animal experiments. In this review, we first describe human and mouse skin structure and the major differences with other mammals and birds. Next, we describe the different 3D human skin models and their main applications. Finally, we review the available models for domestic animals and discuss the current and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Souci
- ISP, INRAE, Université de Tours, Equipe BioVA, Centre Val de Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Caroline Denesvre
- ISP, INRAE, Université de Tours, Equipe BioVA, Centre Val de Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
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41
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Culturing of Melanocytes from the Equine Hair Follicle Outer Root Sheath. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicles harbor a heterogeneous regenerative cell pool and represent a putative low-to-non-invasively available source of stem cells. We previously reported a technology for culturing human melanocytes from the hair follicle outer root sheath (ORS) for autologous pigmentation of tissue engineered skin equivalents. This study translated the ORS technology to horses. We de-veloped a culture of equine melanocytes from the ORS (eMORS) from equine forelock hair follicles cultured by means of an analogue human hair follicle-based in vitro methodology. The procedure was adjusted to equine physiology by addition of equine serum to the culture medium. The hair follicles were isolated by macerating forelock skin rests, enzymatically digested and subjected to air-medium-interface cultivation method. The procedure resulted in differentiated equine melanocytes, which exhibited typical morphology, presence of melanosomes, expression of cytoskeleton proteins vimentin, α-SMA, Sox2, S100ß and tyrosinase as well as tyrosinase activity followed by production of melanin. According to all assessed parameters, eMORS could be ranked as partially melanotic melanocytes. The results of the study offer an experimental base for further insight into hair follicle biology in equine and for comparative studies of hair follicles across different species.
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Weng T, Zhang W, Xia Y, Wu P, Yang M, Jin R, Xia S, Wang J, You C, Han C, Wang X. 3D bioprinting for skin tissue engineering: Current status and perspectives. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211028574. [PMID: 34345398 PMCID: PMC8283073 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211028574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin and skin appendages are vulnerable to injury, requiring rapidly reliable regeneration methods. In recent years, 3D bioprinting has shown potential for wound repair and regeneration. 3D bioprinting can be customized for skin shape with cells and other materials distributed precisely, achieving rapid and reliable production of bionic skin substitutes, therefore, meeting clinical and industrial requirements. Additionally, it has excellent performance with high resolution, flexibility, reproducibility, and high throughput, showing great potential for the fabrication of tissue-engineered skin. This review introduces the common techniques of 3D bioprinting and their application in skin tissue engineering, focusing on the latest research progress in skin appendages (hair follicles and sweat glands) and vascularization, and summarizes current challenges and future development of 3D skin printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Weng
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Trauma and Burns of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Trauma and Burns of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yilan Xia
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pan Wu
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Trauma and Burns of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Trauma and Burns of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ronghua Jin
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Trauma and Burns of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sizhan Xia
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Trauma and Burns of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jialiang Wang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Trauma and Burns of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuangang You
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Trauma and Burns of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunmao Han
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Trauma and Burns of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingang Wang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Trauma and Burns of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Development and Maintenance of Epidermal Stem Cells in Skin Adnexa. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249736. [PMID: 33419358 PMCID: PMC7766199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin surface is modified by numerous appendages. These structures arise from epithelial stem cells (SCs) through the induction of epidermal placodes as a result of local signalling interplay with mesenchymal cells based on the Wnt–(Dkk4)–Eda–Shh cascade. Slight modifications of the cascade, with the participation of antagonistic signalling, decide whether multipotent epidermal SCs develop in interfollicular epidermis, scales, hair/feather follicles, nails or skin glands. This review describes the roles of epidermal SCs in the development of skin adnexa and interfollicular epidermis, as well as their maintenance. Each skin structure arises from distinct pools of epidermal SCs that are harboured in specific but different niches that control SC behaviour. Such relationships explain differences in marker and gene expression patterns between particular SC subsets. The activity of well-compartmentalized epidermal SCs is orchestrated with that of other skin cells not only along the hair cycle but also in the course of skin regeneration following injury. This review highlights several membrane markers, cytoplasmic proteins and transcription factors associated with epidermal SCs.
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44
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Syringotropic Melanoma: A Diagnostic Challenge With Prognostic Implications. Am J Dermatopathol 2020; 44:33-36. [PMID: 33201009 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The presence of neoplastic melanocytes within the eccrine apparatus into the reticular dermis and/or subcutaneous tissue is extremely rare. The staging of syringotropic melanomas and their biological behavior are still controversial. We present 6 new cases of syringotropic melanoma and their main histopathologic features; review the previous literature; and discuss about the origin, staging, and prognosis of this rare variant of melanoma.
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Infarinato NR, Stewart KS, Yang Y, Gomez NC, Pasolli HA, Hidalgo L, Polak L, Carroll TS, Fuchs E. BMP signaling: at the gate between activated melanocyte stem cells and differentiation. Genes Dev 2020; 34:1713-1734. [PMID: 33184221 PMCID: PMC7706702 DOI: 10.1101/gad.340281.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Through recurrent bouts synchronous with the hair cycle, quiescent melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) become activated to generate proliferative progeny that differentiate into pigment-producing melanocytes. The signaling factors orchestrating these events remain incompletely understood. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing with comparative gene expression analysis to elucidate the transcriptional dynamics of McSCs through quiescence, activation, and melanocyte maturation. Unearthing converging signs of increased WNT and BMP signaling along this progression, we endeavored to understand how these pathways are integrated. Employing conditional lineage-specific genetic ablation studies in mice, we found that loss of BMP signaling in the lineage leads to hair graying due to a block in melanocyte maturation. We show that interestingly, BMP signaling functions downstream from activated McSCs and maintains WNT effector, transcription factor LEF1. Employing pseudotime analysis, genetics, and chromatin landscaping, we show that following WNT-mediated activation of McSCs, BMP and WNT pathways collaborate to trigger the commitment of proliferative progeny by fueling LEF1- and MITF-dependent differentiation. Our findings shed light upon the signaling interplay and timing of cues that orchestrate melanocyte lineage progression in the hair follicle and underscore a key role for BMP signaling in driving complete differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Infarinato
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Development and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Katherine S Stewart
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Development and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Yihao Yang
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Development and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Nicholas C Gomez
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Development and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - H Amalia Pasolli
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Lynette Hidalgo
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Development and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Lisa Polak
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Development and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Thomas S Carroll
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Development and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
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46
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Sikkink SK, Mine S, Freis O, Danoux L, Tobin DJ. Stress-sensing in the human greying hair follicle: Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) depletion in hair bulb melanocytes in canities-prone scalp. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18711. [PMID: 33128003 PMCID: PMC7603349 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75334-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Canities (or hair greying) is an age-linked loss of the natural pigment called melanin from hair. While the specific cause(s) underlying the loss of melanogenically-active melanocytes from the anagen hair bulbs of affected human scalp remains unclear, oxidative stress sensing appears to be a key factor involved. In this study, we examined the follicular melanin unit in variably pigmented follicles from the aging human scalp of healthy individuals (22-70 years). Over 20 markers were selected within the following categories: melanocyte-specific, apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA repair/damage, senescence and oxidative stress. As expected, a reduction in melanocyte-specific markers in proportion to the extent of canities was observed. A major finding of our study was the intense and highly specific nuclear expression of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) protein within melanocytes in anagen hair follicle bulbs. ATM is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is recruited and activated by DNA double-strand breaks and functions as an important sensor of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human cells. The incidence and expression level of ATM correlated with pigmentary status in canities-affected hair follicles. Moreover, increased staining of the redox-associated markers 8-OHdG, GADD45 and GP-1 were also detected within isolated bulbar melanocytes, although this change was not clearly associated with donor age or canities extent. Surprisingly, we were unable to detect any specific change in the expression of other markers of oxidative stress, senescence or DNA damage/repair in the canities-affected melanocytes compared to surrounding bulbar keratinocytes. By contrast, several markers showed distinct expression of markers for oxidative stress and apoptosis/differentiation in the inner root sheath (IRS) as well as other parts of the hair follicle. Using our in vitro model of primary human scalp hair follicle melanocytes, we showed that ATM expression increased after incubation with the pro-oxidant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In addition, this ATM increase was prevented by pre-incubation of cells with antioxidants. The relationship between ATM and redox stress sensing was further evidenced as we observed that the inhibition of ATM expression by chemical inhibition promoted the loss of melanocyte viability induced by oxidative stress. Taken together these new findings illustrate the key role of ATM in the protection of human hair follicle melanocytes from oxidative stress/damage within the human scalp hair bulb. In conclusion, these results highlight the remarkable complexity and role of redox sensing in the status of human hair follicle growth, differentiation and pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen K Sikkink
- Centre for Skin Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Rd., Bradford, BD7 1DP, West Yorkshire, UK.
| | - Solene Mine
- BASF Beauty Care Solutions France S.A.S., Pulnoy, France
| | - Olga Freis
- BASF Beauty Care Solutions France S.A.S., Pulnoy, France
| | - Louis Danoux
- BASF Beauty Care Solutions France S.A.S., Pulnoy, France
| | - Desmond J Tobin
- Centre for Skin Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Rd., Bradford, BD7 1DP, West Yorkshire, UK. .,The Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Le Coz M, Aktary Z, Watanabe N, Yajima I, Pouteaux M, Charoenchon N, Motohashi T, Kunisada T, Corvelo A, Larue L. Targeted Knockout of β-Catenin in Adult Melanocyte Stem Cells Using a Mouse Line, Dct::CreER T2, Results in Disrupted Stem Cell Renewal and Pigmentation Defects. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:1363-1366.e9. [PMID: 33091424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Le Coz
- INSERM U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Orsay, France; CNRS UMR3347, Paris-Sud University, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée, Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Zackie Aktary
- INSERM U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Orsay, France; CNRS UMR3347, Paris-Sud University, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée, Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Natsuki Watanabe
- Department of Tissue and Organ Development, Regeneration and Advanced Medical Science, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yajima
- INSERM U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Orsay, France; CNRS UMR3347, Paris-Sud University, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée, Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Marie Pouteaux
- INSERM U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Orsay, France; CNRS UMR3347, Paris-Sud University, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée, Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Nisamanee Charoenchon
- INSERM U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Orsay, France; CNRS UMR3347, Paris-Sud University, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée, Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Tsutomu Motohashi
- Department of Tissue and Organ Development, Regeneration and Advanced Medical Science, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kunisada
- Department of Tissue and Organ Development, Regeneration and Advanced Medical Science, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - André Corvelo
- New York Genome Center, Computational Biology, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lionel Larue
- INSERM U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Orsay, France; CNRS UMR3347, Paris-Sud University, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée, Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
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48
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Gunaabalaji DR, Pangti R, Challa A, Chauhan S, Sahni K, Arava SK, Sethuraman G, Vishnubhatla S, Sharma VK, Gupta S. Comparison of efficacy of noncultured hair follicle cell suspension and noncultured epidermal cell suspension in repigmentation of leukotrichia and skin patch in vitiligo: a randomized trial. Int J Dermatol 2020; 59:1393-1400. [PMID: 32989783 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo manifests as hypo- to de-pigmented macules, which are sometimes associated with leukotrichia. For complete cosmetic improvement, the repigmentation of leukotrichia is an important component. METHODS This randomized controlled trial included patients with stable vitiligo with leukotrichia. Two vitiligo patches in each patient were randomized to receive either of the two procedures. The patients were followed up for 9 months posttransplantation. The efficacy of hair follicle cell suspension (HFCS) with epidermal cell suspension (ECS) in repigmentation of leukotrichia and skin in vitiligo was compared. RESULTS A total of 20 patients underwent the procedure, and 19 completed the follow-up. The area of the vitiligo patch and the number of leukotrichia in the patches were comparable between the two groups. There was a significant difference in the mean ± S.D. number of cells transplanted between the two groups (5.06 × 105 in HFCS vs. 39.8 × 105 in ECS, P < 0.0001). The percentage viability of cells and proportion of melanocytes were comparable between the two groups. A total of 10 patients in HFCS and eight patients in ECS had repigmentation of leukotrichia. The mean ± S.D. percentages of depigmented hair showing repigmentation at nine months were 7.42 ± 11.62% in HFCS and 11.42 ± 17.90% in ECS (P = 0.4195), whereas the mean ± S.D. percentage repigmentation of vitiligo patches was 61.58 ± 42.68% in HFCS and 78.68 ± 30.03% in ECS (P = 0.1618). CONCLUSIONS The mean number of cells transplanted in the HFCS group was about eight times less than those in ECS. ECS was better than HFCS in repigmentation of leukotrichia and vitiligo, although the difference was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Gunaabalaji
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rashi Pangti
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Apoorva Challa
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Suman Chauhan
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kanika Sahni
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudheer Kumar Arava
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gomathy Sethuraman
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Vinod Kumar Sharma
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Somesh Gupta
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Melanocytes derived from mouse hair follicles: A novel study model to assess pigmentation disorders. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153224. [PMID: 33027751 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Melanocytes are the major cells responsible for skin and fair pigmentation in vertebrates. They localize to hair follicles(HFs) and the epidermis during embryonic development. A reduced number or dysfunction of melanocytes results in pigmentation disorders.Thus, methods for isolation, culture, and identification of melanocytes in mouse hair follicles provide an experimental basis for thestudy of of pigmentation disorders. In the current work, we harvested the melanocytes from the anagen phase dorsal skin of C57BL/6 mice.After its separation from the skin, the dermis was digested, and the HFs were released. HFs were then also digested, and the cells released from HFs were cultured in melanocyte growth medium. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry staining were used to localize the distribution of melanocytes in HFs . Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the expression of specific melanocyte marker genes. Immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and western blot were carried out to detect the expression of marker proteins in cells. 3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) staining was used to detect the pigmentation functionality of melaonocytes. Based on our results, we conclude that mature and functional melanocytes can be successfully obtained from theHFs, providing a cell model to study pigmentation disorders. The current findings provide novel insights for the treatment of pigmentation disorders by autologous cell transplantation. Further, we believe that issues related to skin damage, insufficient numbers of autologous cells, and autoimmune problems can be resolved in future though the use of functional melanocytes.
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Spehar K, Pan A, Beerman I. Restoring aged stem cell functionality: Current progress and future directions. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1060-1077. [PMID: 32473067 PMCID: PMC7483369 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell dysfunction is a hallmark of aging, associated with the decline of physical and cognitive abilities of humans and other mammals [Cell 2013;153:1194]. Therefore, it has become an active area of research within the aging and stem cell fields, and various techniques have been employed to mitigate the decline of stem cell function both in vitro and in vivo. While some techniques developed in model organisms are not directly translatable to humans, others show promise in becoming clinically relevant to delay or even mitigate negative phenotypes associated with aging. This review focuses on diet, treatment, and small molecule interventions that provide evidence of functional improvement in at least one type of aged adult stem cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Spehar
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Aging Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, BRC, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew Pan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Isabel Beerman
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Aging Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, BRC, Baltimore, Maryland
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