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Ushida H, Suzumura A, Yamada K, Shimizu H, Suzuki A, Ishikawa Y, Kikuchi R, Nishiguchi KM, Kaneko H. Decrease in electrolyte after vitrectomy surgery may affect the results of forensic investigations using vitreous humor. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:219. [PMID: 38783230 PMCID: PMC11118106 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03445-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitreous humor (VH) is used for postmortem biochemical studies because it is well protected in an uncontaminated state even after death. The goal of this research was to investigate electrolyte concentrations in the VH from human eyes with and without a history of vitrectomy surgery. METHODS We analyzed the sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations from 34 VH samples from 34 patients. Eleven samples were from eyes with a history of vitrectomy, and the remaining 23 eyes had no history of vitrectomy. The correlations of Na, K, Cl and Mg concentrations with patient age, interval between first and second vitrectomy, and lens status (history of cataract surgery) were also evaluated. RESULTS The Na, K, Cl and Mg concentrations in VH from vitrectomized eyes were 134.1 ± 7.9 mmol/L, 3.7 ± 0.2 mmol/L, 99.7 ± 6.7 mmol/L and 0.59 ± 0.09 mmol/L, respectively; all were significantly lower than the corresponding concentrations in VH from control eyes (lower by 5.0%, 11.0%, 11.7%, and 22.6%, respectively). Na, K, Cl and Mg concentrations in VH from vitrectomized eyes did not show significant correlations with patient ages or the interval between their first and second vitrectomies. There were no significant differences in Na, K, Cl and Mg concentrations in VH between phakic eyes and intraocular lens-implanted eyes. CONCLUSIONS With the increasing number of vitrectomies being performed, it is necessary to consider the history of vitrectomy when using a subject's VH in forensic examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ushida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, 466-8550, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayana Suzumura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, 466-8550, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Yamada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, 466-8550, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Shimizu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, 466-8550, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsuo Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, 466-8550, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishikawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, 466-8550, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kikuchi
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Gifu University Hospital, 1-1 Yanagido, 501-1194, Gifu City, Japan
| | - Koji M Nishiguchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, 466-8550, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kaneko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, 466-8550, Nagoya, Japan.
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Liu Y, Bouhenni RA, Dufresne CP, Semba RD, Edward DP. Differential Expression of Vitreous Proteins in Young and Mature New Zealand White Rabbits. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153560. [PMID: 27089221 PMCID: PMC4835093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Different anatomical regions have been defined in the vitreous humor including central vitreous, basal vitreous, vitreous cortex, vitreoretinal interface and zonule. In this study we sought to characterize changes in the proteome of vitreous humor (VH) related to compartments or age in New Zealand white rabbits (NZW). Vitreous humor was cryo-collected from young and mature New Zealand white rabbit eyes, and dissected into anterior and posterior compartments. All samples were divided into 4 groups: Young Anterior (YA), Young Posterior (YP), Mature Anterior (MA) and Mature Posterior (MP) vitreous. Tryptic digests of total proteins were analyzed by liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry. Spectral count was used to determine the relative protein abundances and identify proteins with statistical differences between compartment and age groups. Western blotting was performed to validate some of the differentially expressed proteins. Our results showed that 231, 375, 273 and 353 proteins were identified in the YA, YP, MA and MP respectively. Fifteen proteins were significantly differentially expressed between YA and YP, and 11 between MA and MP. Carbonic anhydrase III, lambda crystallin, alpha crystallin A and B, beta crystallin B1 and B2 were more abundant in the anterior region, whereas vimentin was less abundant in the anterior region. For comparisons between age groups, 4 proteins were differentially expressed in both YA relative to MA and YP relative to MP. Western blotting confirmed the differential expression of carbonic anhydrase III, alpha crystallin B and beta crystallin B2. The protein profiles of the vitreous humor showed age- and compartment-related differences. This differential protein profile provides a baseline for understanding the vitreous compartmentalization in the rabbit and suggests that further studies profiling proteins in different compartments of the vitreous in other species may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
- Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, China
| | | | - Craig P. Dufresne
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, West Palm Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - Richard D. Semba
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Deepak P. Edward
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
- King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
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Rocha AS, Santos FM, Monteiro JP, Castro-de-Sousa JP, Queiroz JA, Tomaz CT, Passarinha LA. Trends in proteomic analysis of human vitreous humor samples. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2495-508. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana S. Rocha
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre; University of Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Sciences, University of Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
| | - Fátima M. Santos
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre; University of Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Sciences, University of Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
| | - João P. Monteiro
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre; University of Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
| | - João P. Castro-de-Sousa
- Medical Sciences Department; Faculty of Health sciences; University of Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
- Ophthalmology Service; Leiria-Pombal Hospital Center; Pombal Portugal
| | - João A. Queiroz
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre; University of Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Sciences, University of Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
| | - Cândida T. Tomaz
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre; University of Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Sciences, University of Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
| | - Luís A. Passarinha
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre; University of Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
- Medical Sciences Department; Faculty of Health sciences; University of Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
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A perspective from magnetic resonance imaging findings of the inner ear: Relationships among cerebrospinal, ocular and inner ear fluids. Auris Nasus Larynx 2012; 39:345-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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El Sanharawi M, Kowalczuk L, Touchard E, Omri S, de Kozak Y, Behar-Cohen F. Protein delivery for retinal diseases: from basic considerations to clinical applications. Prog Retin Eye Res 2010; 29:443-65. [PMID: 20398784 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Because the eye is protected by ocular barriers but is also easily accessible, direct intravitreous injections of therapeutic proteins allow for specific and targeted treatment of retinal diseases. Low doses of proteins are required in this confined environment and a long time of residency in the vitreous is expected, making the eye the ideal organ for local proteic therapies. Monthly intravitreous injection of Ranibizumab, an anti-VEGF Fab has become the standard of care for patients presenting wet AMD. It has brought the proof of concept that administering proteins into the physiologically low proteic concentration vitreous can be performed safely. Other antibodies, Fab, peptides and growth factors have been shown to exert beneficial effects on animal models when administered within the therapeutic and safe window. To extend the use of such biomolecules in the ophthalmology practice, optimization of treatment regimens and efficacy is required. Basic knowledge remains to be increased on how different proteins/peptides penetrate into the eye and the ocular tissues, distribute in the vitreous, penetrate into the retinal layers and/or cells, are eliminated from the eye or metabolized. This should serve as a basis for designing novel drug delivery systems. The later should be non-or minimally invasive and should allow for a controlled, scalable and sustained release of the therapeutic proteins in the ocular media. This paper reviews the actual knowledge regarding protein delivery for eye diseases and describes novel non-viral gene therapy technologies particularly adapted for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M El Sanharawi
- Inserm, UMRS 872, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
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Abstract
PURPOSE The effects of bevacizumab on cell viability and proliferation in a commonly used retinal ganglion cell line, RGC-5, were examined. METHODS RGC-5 cells were exposed to 0.1 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml of commercially available bevacizumab in vitro. To examine the specificity of effects, cells were also cultured with increasing and comparable concentrations of proteins (increasing the concentration of proteins in the culture media by 0.1 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml by using additional fetal bovine serum [FBS] and bovine serum albumin [BSA]). Cell proliferation was assessed using a WST-1 kit, crystal violet staining and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. Cytotoxic effects were assessed by quantifying cell numbers in proliferation-deficient RGC-5 following exposure to bevacizumab using the WST-1 kit, microscopic examination of cells stained with propidium iodide (PI) cells and flow cytometry for differential staining with PI. RESULTS Bevacizumab was not toxic to RGC-5 cells in the tested concentrations. It had a stimulatory effect on cell proliferation. A stimulatory effect on proliferation was also noted when equivalent amounts of proteins from FBS or BSA were used, which suggests that bevacizumab may stimulate proliferation non-specifically by increasing the protein contents of the cell growth environment. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that intravitreal injection of bevacizumab could alter the internal milieu of the eye by increasing protein concentrations to elicit functional responses in retinotypic cells. This may be especially relevant for cells outwith the control of vascular endothelial growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida 32209, USA
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Butler JM, Guthrie SM, Koc M, Afzal A, Caballero S, Brooks HL, Mames RN, Segal MS, Grant MB, Scott EW. SDF-1 is both necessary and sufficient to promote proliferative retinopathy. J Clin Invest 2005; 115:86-93. [PMID: 15630447 PMCID: PMC539202 DOI: 10.1172/jci22869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2004] [Accepted: 10/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults. It is caused by oxygen starvation in the retina inducing aberrant formation of blood vessels that destroy retinal architecture. In humans, vitreal stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) concentration increases as proliferative diabetic retinopathy progresses. Treatment of patients with triamcinolone decreases SDF-1 levels in the vitreous, with marked disease improvement. SDF-1 induces human retinal endothelial cells to increase expression of VCAM-1, a receptor for very late antigen-4 found on many hematopoietic progenitors, and reduce tight cellular junctions by reducing occludin expression. Both changes would serve to recruit hematopoietic and endothelial progenitor cells along an SDF-1 gradient. We have shown, using a murine model of proliferative adult retinopathy, that the majority of new vessels formed in response to oxygen starvation originate from hematopoietic stem cell-derived endothelial progenitor cells. We now show that the levels of SDF-1 found in patients with proliferative retinopathy induce retinopathy in our murine model. Intravitreal injection of blocking antibodies to SDF-1 prevented retinal neovascularization in our murine model, even in the presence of exogenous VEGF. Together, these data demonstrate that SDF-1 plays a major role in proliferative retinopathy and may be an ideal target for the prevention of proliferative retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Butler
- Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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González-Avila G, Lozano D, Manjarrez ME, Ruiz VM, Terán L, Vadillo-Ortega F, Selman M. Influence on collagen metabolism of vitreous from eyes with proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Ophthalmology 1995; 102:1400-5. [PMID: 9097780 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(95)30857-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is characterized by cell proliferation and membrane formation on the vitreoretinal cavity of the eye. The membranes are composed of extracellular matrix, mainly collagen type I. To explore the possible mechanisms involved in PVR membrane formation, the authors analyzed the role of vitreous humor on collagen turnover. METHODS The authors studied vitreous samples from ten patients with PVR and from five donor eyes (keratoplasty) as the control group. Human lung fibroblasts were used to study the influence of vitreous on collagen synthesis and cell proliferation. Neutralizing antibodies against transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-beta 2) were used to inhibit the fibroblast collagen synthesis induced by the vitreous samples. Collagenolytic activity was analyzed in vitreous fluid using 3H-labeled collagen. RESULTS The authors found that samples obtained from patients with PVR significantly increased collagen synthesis (2979 +/- 963.26 versus 800 +/- 232 dpm of 3H-proline incorporated per milligram of vitreous-incubated protein; P < 0.00043), without affecting fibroblast replication. The collagen synthesis induced by the vitreous samples was inhibited by anti-TGF-beta 2 antibodies in both groups (0 and 481 +/- 59 dpm of 3H-proline incorporated per milligram of vitreous-incubated protein for control and PVR samples, respectively). Collagenolytic activity was considerably lower in vitreous derived from PVR samples compared with the control group (19.9 +/- 20.3 versus 234.1 +/- 19.1 micrograms of degraded collagen per milligram of vitreous-incubated protein; P < 0.0032). CONCLUSION These results suggest that a combined mechanism, including an increase of collagen synthesis mediated at least in part by TGF-beta 2 and a decrease of collagen degradation, may contribute to the exaggerated deposition of collagen observed in PVR membranes, and that vitreous should be considered as a part of the microenvironment that is participating actively in the pathogenesis of this vitreoretinal disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- G González-Avila
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, México City, México, DF
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