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Abu El-Asrar AM, AlBloushi AF, Alzubaidi A, Gikandi PW, Stefánsson E. Pretreatment ocular blood flow and retinal oxygen metabolism in the acute uveitic phase is associated with final outcome in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Acta Ophthalmol 2024; 102:720-727. [PMID: 38470990 DOI: 10.1111/aos.16669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between pretreatment blood flow velocity in the choroid and optic nerve head (ONH) and retinal oxygen metabolism in the acute uveitic phase and the development of 'sunset glow fundus' in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease. METHODS Retrospective analysis of 41 patients (82 eyes). Laser speckle flowgraphy and retinal oximetry measurements were performed at the presentation. The main outcome measure was the development of 'sunset glow fundus'. RESULTS Twenty patients (40 eyes) presented in the phase preceding anterior segment inflammation (early presentation), and 21 patients (42 eyes) presented with anterior segment inflammation (late presentation). In ONH, mean blur rate (MBR)-vessel, representing blood flow velocity in retinal vessels, was significantly lower in the late presentation group, while choroidal MBR was not significantly different. The late presentation group had significantly lower oxygen saturation in retinal venules, a higher arteriovenous oxygen saturation difference and a smaller calibre of retinal arterioles compared with the early presentation group. Eyes that subsequently developed 'sunset glow fundus' had significantly lower ONH MBR-vessels, lower oxygen saturation in retinal venules, a higher arteriovenous oxygen saturation difference and a smaller calibre of retinal arterioles compared with eyes without 'sunset glow fundus'. ONH MBR-vessel had a significant negative correlation with arteriovenous oxygen saturation difference and a significant positive correlation with calibre of retinal arterioles. CONCLUSIONS In the acute uveitic phase of VKH disease, the development of 'sunset glow fundus' is associated with pretreatment reduced retinal blood flow velocity, calibre of retinal arterioles and oxygen saturation in retinal venules, as well as an increased arteriovenous oxygen saturation difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abu El-Asrar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman F AlBloushi
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alzubaidi
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Priscilla W Gikandi
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Einar Stefánsson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Physiology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Wada N, Takagi S, Yoshikawa A, Itokawa T, Maruyama T, Hori Y. Multimodal Imaging of Optic Nerve Head in Retinitis Pigmentosa. Semin Ophthalmol 2024; 39:480-487. [PMID: 38851891 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2024.2363849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A pallor optic nerve head (ONH) is one of the three features of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). This study aimed to assess the ONH prospectively by color tone, presence of hyper-reflective tissue, blood flow, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, ganglion cell complex (GCC) and investigate the change in these parameters with and without ONH pallor. METHODS The presence of ONH pallor was assessed by three independent examiners through careful examination using fundus photographs. The presence of a hyper-reflective structure on the ONH was carefully evaluated using a volume scan optical coherence tomography (OCT). RNFL thickness and ellipsoid zone (EZ) width around the macula were also evaluated by OCT. Laser speckle flowgraphy was used to measure the mean blur rate of the entire ONH area, which was subsequently divided into the vessel area (MV) and tissue area (MT). RESULTS Twenty-eight eyes of 28 patients with RP (55.4 ± 16.23 years of age) were included. The pale ONH was observed in 10 (35%) eyes. Hyper-reflective structures were observed in seven (25%) eyes. No significant correlation was found between the pale ONH and the presence of a hyper-reflective structure (Pearson's chi-squared test, p = .364). The average of the ONH area, MV, and MT was 8.65 ± 3.08 AU, 17.81 ± 7.54 AU, and 6.4 ± 2.66 AU, respectively, which significantly decreased in patients with pallor ONH (all p < .05). The global RNFL thickness was 73.54 ± 18.82 μm. The nasal and superior quadrants and global RNFL thickness in patients with a pale ONH were significantly thinner than in patients without a pale ONH (all p < .05). The global and superior and inferior GCC thickness in patients with a pale ONH were significantly thinner than in patients without a pale ONH(all p < .05).There was no difference in the EZ width between patients with and without a pale ONH (p = .107). CONCLUSION We conducted multiple assessments of the ONH in RP patients and investigated its clinical significance. Our findings suggest that ONH pallor may indicate a comprehensive change that emerges alongside the progression of retinal degeneration in RP. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was retrospectively registered in the UMIN Clinical Trial Registry (UMIN ID: 000048168).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Wada
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Takagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Yoshikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Itokawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maruyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Shinagawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hori
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
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Borrelli E, Bandello F, Boon CJF, Carelli V, Lenaers G, Reibaldi M, Sadda SR, Sadun AA, Sarraf D, Yu-Wai-Man P, Barboni P. Mitochondrial retinopathies and optic neuropathies: The impact of retinal imaging on modern understanding of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 101:101264. [PMID: 38703886 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Advancements in ocular imaging have significantly broadened our comprehension of mitochondrial retinopathies and optic neuropathies by examining the structural and pathological aspects of the retina and optic nerve in these conditions. This article aims to review the prominent imaging characteristics associated with mitochondrial retinopathies and optic neuropathies, aiming to deepen our insight into their pathogenesis and clinical features. Preceding this exploration, the article provides a detailed overview of the crucial genetic and clinical features, which is essential for the proper interpretation of in vivo imaging. More importantly, we will provide a critical analysis on how these imaging modalities could serve as biomarkers for characterization and monitoring, as well as in guiding treatment decisions. However, these imaging methods have limitations, which will be discussed along with potential strategies to mitigate them. Lastly, the article will emphasize the potential advantages and future integration of imaging techniques in evaluating patients with mitochondrial eye disorders, considering the prospects of emerging gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Borrelli
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Ophthalmology, "City of Health and Science" Hospital, Turin, Italy.
| | - Francesco Bandello
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Camiel J F Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Valerio Carelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Guy Lenaers
- Equipe MitoLab, Unité MitoVasc, INSERM U1083, Université d'Angers, 49933, Angers, France; Service de Neurologie, CHU d'Angers, 49100, Angers, France
| | - Michele Reibaldi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Ophthalmology, "City of Health and Science" Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Srinivas R Sadda
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alfredo A Sadun
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Sarraf
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Retinal Disorders and Ophthalmic Genetics Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Yu-Wai-Man
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Eye Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Piero Barboni
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Studio Oculistico d'Azeglio, Bologna, Italy.
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Saima Y, Yokota H, Kushiyama A, Hanaguri J, Ohno A, Takase K, Sugiyama R, Muranaka K, Yamagami S, Nagaoka T. Effects of switching from intravitreal injection of aflibercept to faricimab on ocular blood flow in patients with diabetic macular edema. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13798. [PMID: 38877041 PMCID: PMC11178773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
We assessed the short-term effects of switching from intravitreal aflibercept (IVA) to intravitreal faricimab (IVF) on ocular blood flow in patients with treatment-resistant diabetic macular edema (DME). The medical records of 15 patients with DME who had received IVA injection ≥ 3 months before were retrospectively reviewed. The best-corrected visual acuity, central macular thickness (CMT) on optical coherence tomography, and mean blur rate (MBR) of all disc areas on laser speckle flowgraphy were measured before, 1 week after, and 4 weeks after IVA and IVF, respectively. The changes in visual acuity showed no significant difference after switching from IVA to IVF (P = 0.732). The mean CMT decreased significantly during the follow-up period (both P < 0.001). MBR showed no significant difference during the follow-up period (P = 0.26). However, it decreased significantly 4 weeks after IVF (P = 0.01) compared with the baseline value, but not 4 weeks after IVA (P = 0.074). A significant association was observed between decreased MBR and decreased CMT in patients who received IVF (correlation coefficient: 0.501, P = 0.005) but not in those who received IVA (P = 0.735). Thus, IVF maintained ocular blood flow reduction, although no significant differences in visual acuity and CMT changes were observed compared to IVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinari Saima
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Harumasa Yokota
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akifumi Kushiyama
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Hanaguri
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Ohno
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koyo Takase
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ruri Sugiyama
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Satoru Yamagami
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiji Nagaoka
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan.
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5
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Jiang Z, Chernoff D, Galenchik-Chan A, Tomorri D, Honkanen RA, Duong TQ, Muir ER. Improved MRI methods to quantify retinal and choroidal blood flow applied to a model of glaucoma. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024; 4:1385495. [PMID: 38984144 PMCID: PMC11182105 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2024.1385495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Blood flow (BF) of the retinal and choroidal vasculatures can be quantitatively imaged using MRI. This study sought to improve methods of data acquisition and analysis for MRI of layer-specific retinal and choroidal BF and then applied this approach to detect reduced ocular BF in a well-established mouse model of glaucoma from both eyes. Methods Quantitative BF magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on glaucomatous DBA/2J and normal C57BL/6J mice. Arterial spin labeling MRI was applied to image retinal and choroidal BF using custom-made dual eye coils that could image both eyes during the same scan. Statistics using data from a single eye or two eyes were compared. BF values were calculated using two approaches. The BF rate per quantity of tissue was calculated as commonly done, and the peak BF values of the retinal and choroidal vasculatures were taken. Additionally, the BF rate per retinal surface area was calculated using a new analysis approach to attempt to reduce partial volume and variability by integrating BF over the retinal and choroidal depths. Results Ocular BF of both eyes could be imaged using the dual coil setup without effecting scan time. Intraocular pressure was significantly elevated in DBA/2J mice compared to C57BL/6J mice (P<0.01). Both retinal and choroidal BF were significantly decreased in DBA/2J mice in comparison to the age-matched normal C57BL/6J mice across all measurements (P < 0.01). From simulations, the values from the integrated BF analysis method had less partial volume effect, and from in vivo scans, this analysis approach also improved power. Conclusion The dual eye coil setup allows bilateral eye data acquisition, increasing the amount of data acquired without increasing acquisition times in vivo. The reduced ocular BF found using the improved acquisition and analysis approaches replicated the results of previous studies on DBA/2J mice. The ocular hypertensive stress-induced BF reduction found within these mice may represent changes associated with glaucomatous progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Diane Chernoff
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Andre Galenchik-Chan
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - David Tomorri
- School of Health Professions, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Robert A. Honkanen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Timothy Q. Duong
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Eric R. Muir
- Department of Radiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Aleksandrova PV, Zaytsev KI, Nikitin PV, Alekseeva AI, Zaitsev VY, Dolganov KB, Reshetov IV, Karalkin PA, Kurlov VN, Tuchin VV, Dolganova IN. Quantification of attenuation and speckle features from endoscopic OCT images for the diagnosis of human brain glioma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10722. [PMID: 38729956 PMCID: PMC11087587 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Application of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in neurosurgery mostly includes the discrimination between intact and malignant tissues aimed at the detection of brain tumor margins. For particular tissue types, the existing approaches demonstrate low performance, which stimulates the further research for their improvement. The analysis of speckle patterns of brain OCT images is proposed to be taken into account for the discrimination between human brain glioma tissue and intact cortex and white matter. The speckle properties provide additional information of tissue structure, which could help to increase the efficiency of tissue differentiation. The wavelet analysis of OCT speckle patterns was applied to extract the power of local brightness fluctuations in speckle and its standard deviation. The speckle properties are analysed together with attenuation ones using a set of ex vivo brain tissue samples, including glioma of different grades. Various combinations of these features are considered to perform linear discriminant analysis for tissue differentiation. The results reveal that it is reasonable to include the local brightness fluctuations at first two wavelet decomposition levels in the analysis of OCT brain images aimed at neurosurgical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Aleksandrova
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
| | - K I Zaytsev
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - P V Nikitin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russia, 125047
| | - A I Alekseeva
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, FSBSI "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Moscow, Russia, 117418
| | - V Y Zaitsev
- A.V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950
| | - K B Dolganov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - I V Reshetov
- Institute for Cluster Oncology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - P A Karalkin
- Institute for Cluster Oncology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - V N Kurlov
- Osipyan Institute of Solid State Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia, 142432
| | - V V Tuchin
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia, 410000
- Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control, FRC "Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Saratov, Russia, 410028
- Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia, 634050
| | - I N Dolganova
- Osipyan Institute of Solid State Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia, 142432.
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7
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Abu El-Asrar AM, AlBloushi AF, Abouammoh MA, Alzubaidi A, Gikandi PW, Al Faran A, Al-Kharashi AS, Al-Dahmash S. Comparisons of choroidal blood flow velocity between initial-onset acute uveitis associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease and acute central serous chorioretinopathy. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:1269-1275. [PMID: 38129662 PMCID: PMC11076456 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease in the acute uveitic phase are characterized by serous retinal detachment caused by dysfunction of the choroid. The aim of this study is to compare blood flow velocity and pulse waveform parameters in the choroid between these two diseases. METHODS In this study, 25 patients (50 eyes) with VKH disease, 21 patients (27 eyes) with CSC and 15 healthy controls (30 eyes) were studied. Laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) was performed at presentation. RESULTS Choroidal mean blur rate (MBR), representing blood flow velocity in choroidal vessels, was significantly lower in the eyes affected by VKH disease compared with the healthy control and CSC eyes. CSC eyes had a significantly higher MBR compared with healthy controls. Among the analyzed pulse waveform parameters, blow-out time (BOT), falling rate (FR) and flow acceleration index (FAI) changed significantly. BOT value was significantly lower in CSC eyes than in healthy control and VKH eyes. FR and FAI values were significantly lower in VKH eyes than in healthy control and CSC eyes. There was a strong positive correlation between MBR and FAI. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm different pathophysiology of these two diseases. Assessment of choroidal blood flow velocity and haemodynamics with LSFG provides useful information to differentiate acute CSC and initial-onset acute uveitis associated with VKH disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abu El-Asrar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulrahman F AlBloushi
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwan A Abouammoh
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alzubaidi
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Priscilla W Gikandi
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Al Faran
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Al-Kharashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Al-Dahmash
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Takizawa H, Yasuda M, Hoshi K, Okabe T, Kunikata H, Nakazawa T. Changes in ocular blood flow in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration after intravitreal injection of ranibizumab biosimilar and brolucizumab. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:181. [PMID: 38625618 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-03107-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess ocular blood flow (OBF) changes in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated with intravitreal injections of ranibizumab biosimilar (IVRbs) or brolucizumab (IVBr). METHODS This retrospective longitudinal study included 43 eyes of 43 patients (74.5 ± 9.8 years old, male to female ratio 31:12) with nAMD treated with IVBr (29 eyes) or IVRbs (14 eyes). OBF in the optic nerve head (ONH) and choroid (Ch) was measured with laser speckle flowgraphy (Softcare Co., Ltd., Fukutsu, Japan) before and one month after treatment. Changes in mean blur rate (MBR) before and after each treatment were tested using Wilcoxon's signed-rank tests and mixed-effect models for repeated measures. RESULTS In the IVBr group, MBR was significantly reduced in both the ONH and Ch (p < 0.01). In contrast, the IVRbs group showed no significant change in MBR in either the ONH or Ch (p = 0.56, p = 1). The linear mixed effect model showed a significant interaction between time and anti-VEGF drugs for MBR in both the ONH and Ch (ONH: p = 0.04; Ch: p = 0.002). A post hoc pairwise comparison of estimated marginal means showed that MBR decreased significantly only after IVBr (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the short-term impact on OBF varies depending on the drug used for nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Takizawa
- Department of Ophthalmology Sendai, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yasuda
- Department of Ophthalmology Sendai, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hoshi
- Department of Ophthalmology Sendai, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tatsu Okabe
- Department of Ophthalmology Sendai, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunikata
- Department of Ophthalmology Sendai, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
- Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology Sendai, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.
- Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
- Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
- Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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9
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Pai V, Bileck A, Hommer N, Janku P, Lindner T, Kauer V, Rumpf B, Haslacher H, Hagn G, Meier-Menches SM, Schmetterer L, Schmidl D, Gerner C, Garhöfer G. Impaired retinal oxygen metabolism and perfusion are accompanied by plasma protein and lipid alterations in recovered COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8395. [PMID: 38600099 PMCID: PMC11006918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56834-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate retinal microcirculatory and functional metabolic changes in patients after they had recovered from a moderate to severe acute COVID-19 infection. Retinal perfusion was quantified using laser speckle flowgraphy. Oxygen saturation and retinal calibers were assessed with a dynamic vessel analyzer. Arterio-venous ratio (AVR) was calculated based on retinal vessel diameter data. Blood plasma samples underwent mass spectrometry-based multi-omics profiling, including proteomics, metabolomics and eicosadomics. A total of 40 subjects were included in the present study, of which 29 had recovered from moderate to severe COVID-19 within 2 to 23 weeks before inclusion and 11 had never had COVID-19, as confirmed by antibody testing. Perfusion in retinal vessels was significantly lower in patients (60.6 ± 16.0 a.u.) than in control subjects (76.2 ± 12.1 a.u., p = 0.006). Arterio-venous (AV) difference in oxygen saturation and AVR was significantly lower in patients compared to healthy controls (p = 0.021 for AVR and p = 0.023 for AV difference in oxygen saturation). Molecular profiles demonstrated down-regulation of cell adhesion molecules, NOTCH3 and fatty acids, and suggested a bisphasic dysregulation of nitric oxide synthesis after COVID-19 infection. The results of this study imply that retinal perfusion and oxygen metabolism is still significantly altered in patients well beyond the acute phase of COVID-19. This is also reflected in the molecular profiling analysis of blood plasma, indicating a down-regulation of nitric oxide-related endothelial and immunological cell functions.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ( https://clinicaltrials.gov ) NCT05650905.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Pai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Bileck
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Joint Metabolome Facility, University of Vienna and Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Hommer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Janku
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa Lindner
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Kauer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine IV for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Clinic Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Rumpf
- Department of Medicine IV for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Clinic Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmuth Haslacher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Hagn
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Samuel M Meier-Menches
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Joint Metabolome Facility, University of Vienna and Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leopold Schmetterer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE), Singapore, Singapore
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Doreen Schmidl
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Joint Metabolome Facility, University of Vienna and Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gerhard Garhöfer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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10
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Aung MH, Aleman TS, Garcia AS, McGeehan B, Ying GS, Avery RA. Stimulus type and duration affect magnitude and evolution of flicker-induced hyperemia measured by laser speckle flowgraphy at the optic disc and peripapillary vessels. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6659. [PMID: 38509194 PMCID: PMC10954713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling is a vital mechanism employed by the cerebrovascular system, including the eye, to regulate blood flow in periods of neuronal activation. This study aims to investigate if laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) can detect coupling response elicited by flickering light stimuli and how variations in stimulus type and duration can affect the magnitude and evolution of blood flow in the optic nerve head (ONH) and peripapillary vessels. Healthy adults were exposed to two types of 10-Hz flicker stimuli: a photopic negative response-like stimulus (PhNR-S) or a visual evoked potential-like stimulus (VEP-S)-each presented in separate 10- and 60-s epochs. Both PhNR-S and VEP-S significantly increased ONH blood flow (p < 0.001) immediately after flicker cessation, with a trend of 60-s stimuli (PhNR-S = 11.6%; VEP-S = 10.4%) producing a larger response than 10-s stimuli (PhNR-S = 7.5%; VEP-S = 6.2%). Moreover, exposure to 60-s stimuli elicited a significantly prolonged ONH hyperemic response, especially with PhNR-S. Lastly, stimulation with either 60-s stimuli elicited a robust increase in blood flow within the peripapillary arterioles (p < 0.01) and venules (p < 0.01) as well. Flicker stimulation with common visual electrophysiology stimuli (PhNR-S and VEP-S) induced a demonstrable increase in ONH and peripapillary vessel blood flow, which varied with flicker duration. Our results validate that LSFG is a robust method to quantify flicker-induced hyperemic responses and to study neurovascular coupling in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe H Aung
- Departments of Neurology, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Tomas S Aleman
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arielle S Garcia
- Division of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brendan McGeehan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gui-Shuang Ying
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert A Avery
- Departments of Neurology, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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11
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Yalcinkaya Cakir G, Solmaz B, Cakir I, Pasaoglu IB, Taskapili M. Optical coherence tomography angiography findings in optic disc drusen and idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Eur J Ophthalmol 2024; 34:566-573. [PMID: 37424290 DOI: 10.1177/11206721231187664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the changes in peripapillary microvascularity in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and optic disc drusen (ODD) patients, by comparing them with those in healthy individuals, via optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). METHODS Sixty-two eyes of 33 patients with ODD, 58 eyes of 30 patients with IIH, and 70 eyes of 70 healthy people were imaged for 6 × 6-mm optic disc scans on a spectral-domain OCTA. Vascular densities in superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), and choriocapillaris (CC) of ODD, IIH, and healthy eyes were compared with a one-way analysis of variance. Post-hoc analysis was performed with the Gabriel test. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in peripapillary vessel density in SCP, DCP, and CC in patients with IIH compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In ODD patients, especially peripapillary vessel density in DCP was significantly reduced compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Peripapillary vessel density in DCP was significantly lower in the IIH group than ODD group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Peripapillary vascular density may be affected during the course of the disease in both IIH and ODD. Compared to healthy individuals, the decrease in vascular density in these patients and the consequent decrease in perfusion in the peripapillary region may guide the pathogenesis of the complications in the course of these two diseases. Although vascular density in DCP and CC differs significantly between IIH and ODD, case-controlled studies are needed to evaluate the role of OCTA in the differential diagnosis of IHH and ODD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Banu Solmaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Ophthalmology Department, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Cakir
- Beyoglu Eye Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Isil Basgil Pasaoglu
- Beyoglu Eye Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhittin Taskapili
- Beyoglu Eye Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Watanabe K, Shiba T, Takahara A, Homma H, Komatsu T, Tanino Y, Nagasawa Y, Aimoto M, Hori Y. Evaluating the relationship between ocular blood flow and systemic organ blood flow in hemorrhagic shock using a rabbit model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3749. [PMID: 38355984 PMCID: PMC10866860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54467-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of utilizing noninvasive ocular blood flow measurements as potential indicators of systemic circulation in rabbits experiencing hemorrhagic shock. Using Laser speckle flowgraphy, ocular blood flow indices, relative flow volume (RFV), and mean blur rate in the choroidal area (MBR-CH) were assessed in New Zealand White rabbits (n = 10) subjected to controlled blood removal and return. Hemodynamic parameters and biochemical markers were monitored alongside ocular circulation during blood removal and return phases. Additionally, correlations between ocular parameters and systemic indices were examined. The results indicated that RFV and MBR-CH exhibited significant correlations with renal and intestinal blood flows, with stronger correlations observed during blood removal. Additionally, ocular blood flow changes closely mirrored systemic dynamics, suggesting their potential as real-time indicators of shock progression and recovery. These findings indicate that ocular blood flow measurements may serve as real-time indicators of the systemic circulation status during hemorrhagic shock, offering potential insights into shock management and guiding tailored interventions. Thus, noninvasive ocular blood flow evaluation holds promise as an innovative tool for assessing systemic circulation dynamics during hemorrhagic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Watanabe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University, 6-11-1, Omorinishi, Oota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan.
| | - Tomoaki Shiba
- Department of Ophthalmology, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Takahara
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Homma
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Komatsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University, 6-11-1, Omorinishi, Oota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tanino
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nagasawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Megumi Aimoto
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University, 6-11-1, Omorinishi, Oota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
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13
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Linton EF, Tedeschi TR, Ahmad NUS, Wang JK, Kardon RH. Retinal arterial-venous pulse delay: a new specific marker for a carotid-cavernous fistula. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2023; 3:1301410. [PMID: 38983038 PMCID: PMC11182162 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2023.1301410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of the study was to describe ocular blood flow changes in eyes affected by a carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) using laser speckle flowgraphy. We hypothesized that imaging blood flow velocity waveforms in the retinal arterioles and venules simultaneously would reveal specific characteristics of an arteriovenous (AV) connection. Design The study was an observational case series, with a retrospective case-control analysis. Methods Five patients with a CCF underwent measurement of ocular blood flow using laser speckle flowgraphy. The blood flow was compared retrospectively between a control group of healthy subjects (n = 32) and patients with an elevated intraocular pressure or venous outflow impairment without an AV fistula (n = 40). The outcomes were derived from the arteriole and venule blood flow velocity waveforms, including an A-V phase delay and flow pulsatility. Results The presence of an active CCF was associated with an increased delay in the peak velocity measured in the retinal venule (10.7% ± 2.2% of the cardiac cycle duration) compared with unaffected fellow eyes (1.8% ± 0.2%; p = 0.05) or control eyes of normal subjects (2.7% ± 0.3%; p = 0.02). This delay disappeared after fistula thrombosis and was not present in eyes with a central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), glaucoma, non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), or papilledema. The venule blood flow velocity decreased during systole (and in some cases momentarily stopped), leading to a delayed pulse with a greater amplitude in the venules than in fellow eyes and normal controls after normalizing to the arteriole amplitude (1.71 ± 0.3 vs 0.54 ± 0.03 vs 0.59 ± 0.02; p = 8.0E-12). This specific AV delay could also be identified in a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO; SPECTRALIS®) video. Conclusion Laser speckle flowgraphy reveals dynamic retinal vascular changes in eyes affected by a CCF, which are not present in healthy controls or patients with other eye conditions, and which reverses with treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward F. Linton
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Rehabilitation Research and Development, Iowa City Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System and Veterans Affairs (VA) Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Thomas R. Tedeschi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Rehabilitation Research and Development, Iowa City Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System and Veterans Affairs (VA) Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Regeneron Genetics Medicine – Ophthalmology, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, United States
| | - Noor-Us-Sabah Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Jui-Kai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Rehabilitation Research and Development, Iowa City Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System and Veterans Affairs (VA) Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Randy H. Kardon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Rehabilitation Research and Development, Iowa City Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System and Veterans Affairs (VA) Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, IA, United States
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14
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Funatsu R, Sonoda S, Terasaki H, Shiihara H, Hirokawa M, Yuanting J, Tanabe Y, Sakamoto T. Vortex Veins in Eyes With Pachychoroid Spectrum Disorders Evaluated by the Adjusted Reverse 3-Dimensional Projection Model. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2023; 3:100320. [PMID: 37274011 PMCID: PMC10238580 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2023.100320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To compare the distribution of vortex vein ampulla (VVA) between pachychoroid spectrum disorder (PSD) and controls. Design A single-center, case-control study. Participants This study included 75 PSD, 35 fellow, and 65 control eyes. Methods We quantified VVA distribution using a 3-dimensional reverse projection model corrected for image distortion. We investigated the distribution of major drainage veins (MDV), in which macular Haller's vessels directly influx. Main Outcome Measures The mean distances from the optic disc to VVAs and the mean angles between VVAs and the fovea-disc line. Results The PSD group had significantly fewer VVA in infranasal sector (PSD, fellow, control; 1.6 ± 0.6, 1.8 ± 0.6, 1.9 ± 0.6, respectively, P = 0.026). In supralateral sector, for PSD, fellows, and controls, the mean distances from the optic disc to VVAs were 14.1 ± 1.0 mm, 14.1 ± 1.1 mm, and 13.6 ± 1.4 mm, respectively, and were significantly farther in PSD than in controls (P = 0.023). The mean angles between VVAs and the fovea-disc line were 64.8 ± 5.9°, 66.4 ± 6.4°, and 61.7 ± 6.4°, respectively, and were significantly higher in PSD and fellows than in controls (P = 0.008). The mean distances from the optic disc to MDV in supratemporal sector were 14.1 ± 1.2 and 13.7 ± 1.2 in eyes whose Haller's vessels extended beyond the fovea-disc line (asymmetry), and those that did not, respectively, with the asymmetric eyes significantly farther (P = 0.016). Conclusions The VVA position in supralateral sector was farther and higher in PSD than in controls, suggesting that the distribution of VVA may be associated with the development of PSD. Financial Disclosures Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoh Funatsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shozo Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroto Terasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Shiihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mariko Hirokawa
- System Development Department, Nikon Corporation, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ji Yuanting
- System Development Department, Nikon Corporation, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Tanabe
- System Development Department, Nikon Corporation, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Taiji Sakamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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15
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Felder AE, Rahimi M, Nankali A, Matei N, Abdolahi F, Blair NP, Shahidi M. A retinal imaging system for combined measurement of optic nerve head vascular pulsation and stimulated vasodilation in humans. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17149. [PMID: 37816947 PMCID: PMC10564928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44390-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular pulsation at the optic nerve head (ONH) reflects vessel properties. Reduction in the stimulated retinal vasodilatory capacity has been reported in diabetes, but its relation with vascular pulsation is unknown. Here we report a new retinal imaging system for correlative assessment of ONH vascular pulsation and stimulated retinal vasodilation. Retinal reflectance images were acquired before and during light flicker stimulation to quantify arterial and venous vasodilation (DAR, DVR) in subjects with and without diabetic retinopathy (N = 25). ONH vascular pulsation amplitude and frequency (PA, PF), were quantified by curve fitting of periodic intensity waveforms acquired in retinal vasculature (RV) and ONH tissue (ONHT) regions. The relationships between pulsation metrics, heart rate (HR), intraocular pressure (IOP), and vasodilatory responses were evaluated. Pulsation metrics were not significantly different between regions (p ≥ 0.70). In RV, inter-image variabilities of PA and PF were 10% and 6%, whereas inter-observer variabilities were 7% and 2% respectively. In both regions, PF was correlated with HR (p ≤ 0.001). PA was associated with DAR in both regions (p ≤ 0.03), but only with DVR in RV (p ≤ 0.05). Overall, ONH vascular pulsation was associated with stimulated retinal vasodilation, suggesting diabetes may have concomitant effects on retinal vasculature compliance and neurovascular coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony E Felder
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mansour Rahimi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Amir Nankali
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Nathanael Matei
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Farzan Abdolahi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Norman P Blair
- Department Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Mahnaz Shahidi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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16
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Nakaniida Y, Higashikawa F, Tokumo K, Yuasa Y, Onoe H, Okada N, Nakakura S, Asaoka R, Kiuchi Y. Effect of Ocular Dominance on Ocular Blood Flow Parameters. Cureus 2023; 15:e46500. [PMID: 37927688 PMCID: PMC10624653 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In binocular vision, there is a dominant eye and a nondominant eye, a phenomenon termed ocular dominance. This study determined the differences and associations of the ocular blood flow parameters between dominant and nondominant eyes in healthy Japanese subjects. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 128 eyes of 64 subjects (13 male and 51 female) aged ≥ 20 years. The ocular blood flow parameters were assessed using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG), and software was used to calculate the mean blur rate (MBR), which reflects the blood flow velocity. RESULTS There were no significant differences in axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SE), intraocular pressure (IOP), uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), or ocular blood flow parameters between the dominant and nondominant eyes. The ocular blood flow parameters of the dominant eye were significantly and positively correlated with those of the nondominant eye (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS No significant differences in ocular blood flow parameters exist between the dominant and nondominant eyes in healthy subjects. The ocular blood flow parameters in the dominant eye are associated with those in the nondominant eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Nakaniida
- Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JPN
| | - Fumiko Higashikawa
- Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JPN
| | - Kana Tokumo
- Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JPN
| | - Yuki Yuasa
- Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JPN
| | - Hiromitsu Onoe
- Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Hiroshima university, Hiroshima, JPN
| | - Naoki Okada
- Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JPN
| | | | - Ryo Asaoka
- Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, JPN
| | - Yoshiaki Kiuchi
- Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JPN
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17
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Yasuda K, Noma H, Oyama E, Yanagida K, Asakage M, Shimura M. Effects of Intravitreal Ranibizumab Injection to Treat Macular Edema due to Central Retinal Vein Occlusion on Choroidal Findings and Functional-Morphological Parameters. Ophthalmic Res 2023; 66:1063-1070. [PMID: 37331343 PMCID: PMC10614477 DOI: 10.1159/000531498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little research has examined the effects of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy on subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT), choroidal blood flow, aqueous flare, and humor levels of growth and inflammatory factors in patients with macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). METHODS In 58 patients with macular edema due to CRVO treated by intravitreal ranibizumab injection (IRI), we retrospectively assessed best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA, assessed as the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]), 8 aqueous factors (by suspension array), mean blur rate (MBR; estimated by laser speckle flowgraphy as a measure of choroidal blood flow), aqueous flare (with a laser flare meter), and SCT and central macular thickness (CMT; by optical coherence tomography). RESULTS After 4 weeks, IRI resulted in a significant improvement in BCVA and CMT and a significant reduction in SCT, choroidal MBR, and aqueous flare. SCT was significantly positively correlated with placental growth factor and significantly negatively correlated with platelet-derived growth factor-AA, and change in SCT was significantly negatively correlated with change in BCVA (logMAR). Aqueous flare was significantly negatively correlated with SCT. CONCLUSION Growth and inflammatory factors may be associated with SCT, and changes in SCT may be associated with changes in BCVA after IRI to treat macular edema due to CRVO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Yasuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Noma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Oyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosei Yanagida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Asakage
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Shimura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Maeno T, Aso K, Hashimoto R, Masahara H. Improving blood flow in occluded veins to reduce anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections for branch retinal vein occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2023; 30:101847. [PMID: 37139175 PMCID: PMC10149417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2023.101847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the relationship between improving blood flow via arteriovenous (AV) sheathotomy without vitrectomy and the total number of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections (VEGF) required to treat branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Methods In this prospective, clinical case series, 16 eyes of 16 patients at the Toho University Sakura Medical Center with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/40 or worse due to macular edema associated with BRVO were analyzed for 12 months. AV sheathotomy was performed without vitrectomy for all cases. On the second day after surgery, anti-VEGF was injected into the operated eye. During the 12-month follow-up after surgery, pro re nata injections were administered when changes in foveal exudation and BCVA were evident. The blood flow of the occluded vein was assessed before and after AV sheathotomy during the operation using laser speckle flowgraphy. The total number of anti-VEGF injections, central retinal thickness (CRT), and BCVA 12 months after surgery were examined. Results The changes in CRT and BCVA from baseline to month 12 were statistically significant (P < 0.01). No additional anti-VEGF injections were required for nine of 16 eyes (56.3%) during the 12 months. The total number of anti-VEGF injections for 12 months correlated with the change rate of blood flow in an occluded vein before and after AV sheathotomy (r = -2.816, P = 0.022). Conclusions and Importance Improved blood flow in occluded vein may reduce the need for anti-VEGF injections in BRVO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatoshi Maeno
- Corresponding author. Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura, Chiba, 2858741, Japan.
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19
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Yasuda K, Noma H, Mimura T, Nonaka R, Sasaki S, Suganuma N, Shimura M. Effects of Intravitreal Ranibizumab Injection on Peripheral Retinal Microcirculation and Cytokines in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion with Macular Edema. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1053. [PMID: 37374257 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: To investigate peripheral blood flow in retinal vessels and vessel diameters after intravitreal ranibizumab injection (IRI) and the relationship between these parameters and cytokines in branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) with macular edema. Materials and Methods: We assessed relative flow volume (RFV) and the width of the main and branch retinal arteries and veins in the occluded and non-occluded regions before and after IRI in 37 patients with BRVO and macular edema. Measurements were made using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG). When performing IRI, we obtained samples of aqueous humor and analyzed them using the suspension array method to evaluate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PlGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and interferon-inducible 10-kDa protein (IP-10). Results: In both retinal regions, before and after IRI, the RFV in the main artery and vein showed a significant correlation with the summed RFV in the respective branch vessels 1 and 2. In the occluded region, the RFV in the main vein was significantly negatively correlated with MCP-1, PDGF-AA, IL-6, and IL-8; the RFV in branch vein 1 was significantly negatively correlated with PlGF, MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8; PDGF-AA was significantly negatively correlated with the width of the main and branch veins; and the RFVs of the main artery and vein decreased significantly from before to 1 month after IRI. Conclusions: Contrary to expectations, the study found that anti-VEGF therapy does not affect RFV in arteries and veins in patients with BRVO and macular edema. Furthermore, retinal blood flow is poor in patients with high MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8. Finally, high PDGF-AA may result in smaller venous diameters and reduced retinal blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Yasuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, 1163, Tatemachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0998, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Noma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, 1163, Tatemachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0998, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mimura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8606, Japan
| | - Ryota Nonaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, 1163, Tatemachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0998, Japan
| | - Shotaro Sasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, 1163, Tatemachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0998, Japan
| | - Noboru Suganuma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, 1163, Tatemachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0998, Japan
| | - Masahiko Shimura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, 1163, Tatemachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0998, Japan
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20
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Abu El-Asrar AM, AlBloushi AF, Gikandi PW, Alzubaidi A, Stefánsson E. Acute uveitic phase of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: optic nerve head swelling, ocular blood flow and retinal oxygen metabolism. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:1432-1438. [PMID: 35768722 PMCID: PMC10169851 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of optic nerve head (ONH) swelling in the acute uveitic phase of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease with blood flow velocity in the choroid and ONH and oxygen saturation and diameter of retinal vessels. METHODS In this prospective study, 25 patients (50 eyes) were studied. Thirteen patients (26 eyes) had ONH swelling and 12 patients (24 eyes) had no ONH swelling. Laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) and retinal oximetry measurements were performed at presentation. RESULTS In the ONH, mean blur rate (MBR)-vessel, representing blood flow velocity in retinal vessels, was significantly lower in the eyes affected by ONH swelling, while choroidal MBR was not significantly different. Eyes with ONH swelling had a significantly lower oxygen saturation in retinal venules, a significantly higher arteriovenous oxygen saturation difference and a significantly smaller calibre of retinal arterioles compared with eyes without ONH swelling. There were significant positive correlations between the MBR-vessel of the ONH and venular oxygen saturation and calibre of retinal arterioles. In addition, MBR-vessel of the ONH had a significant negative correlation with arteriovenous oxygen saturation difference. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of ONH swelling in the acute uveitic phase of VKH disease is associated with lower retinal blood flow velocity and smaller calibre of retinal arterioles as well as lower oxygen saturation in retinal venules and higher arteriovenous difference in oxygen saturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abu El-Asrar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulrahman F AlBloushi
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Priscilla W Gikandi
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alzubaidi
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Einar Stefánsson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Physiology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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21
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Oi A, Hayashi H, Motoyama Y, Kawanishi H, Nakagawa I, Nakase H, Kawaguchi M. Application of laser speckle flowgraphy to evaluate cerebral perfusion after carotid endarterectomy. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14400. [PMID: 36925512 PMCID: PMC10010978 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS) after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is devastating, and postoperative monitoring of cerebral perfusion is essential to prevent CHS. We report two cases of successful measurement of ocular blood flow using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) for bedside assessment of the changes in cerebral perfusion after CEA. An 18.7% (case 1) and 47.7% (case 2) increase in ocular blood flow were measured postoperatively using LSFG compared with the baseline. LSFG might be applicable to evaluate cerebral perfusion after CEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Oi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nara Medical University, Japan
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22
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Itokawa T, Matsumoto T, Matsumura S, Kawakami M, Hori Y. Ocular blood flow evaluation by laser speckle flowgraphy in pediatric patients with anisometropia. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1093686. [PMID: 36923046 PMCID: PMC10010384 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1093686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the differences and reproducibility of blood flow among hyperopic anisometropic, fellow, and control eyes. Methods We retrospectively studied 38 eyes of 19 patients with hyperopic anisometropia (8.2 ± 3.0 years of age) and 13 eyes of eight control patients (6.8 ± 1.9 years). We measured the optic nerve head (ONH) and choroidal circulation using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) and analyzed the choroidal mean blur rate (MBR-choroid), MBR-A (mean of all values in ONH), MBR-V (vessel mean), MBR-T (tissue mean), and sample size (sample), which are thought to reflect the ONH area ratio, area ratio of the blood stream (ARBS). We then assessed the coefficient of variation (COV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and compared the differences among amblyopic, fellow, and control eyes in MBR, sample, and ARBS. Results The ONH, MBR-A, MBR-T, and ARBS of amblyopic eyes were significantly higher than those of fellow eyes (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, and P < 0.05, respectively), and control eyes (MBR-A and ARBS, P < 0.05, for both comparisons). The sample-T (size of tissue component) in amblyopic eyes was significantly smaller than that in fellow and control eyes (P < 0.05). Blood flow in the choroid did not differ significantly between the eyes. The COVs of the MBR, sample, and ARBS were all ≤10%. All ICCs were ≥0.7. The COVs of pulse waveform parameter fluctuation, blowout score (BOS), blowout time (BOT), and resistivity index (RI) in the ONH and choroid were ≤10%. Conclusion The MBR value of the LSFG in children exhibited reproducibility. Thus, this method can be used in clinical studies. The MBR values of the ONH in amblyopic eyes were significantly high. It has been suggested that measuring ONH blood flow using LSFG could detect the anisometropic amblyopic eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tadashi Matsumoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Relationship Between Retinal Microcirculation and Renal Function in Patients with Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease by Laser Speckle Flowgraphy. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020424. [PMID: 36836781 PMCID: PMC9965871 DOI: 10.3390/life13020424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of renal dysfunction categorized by the stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on the retinal microcirculation assessed by laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) and retinal artery caliber measured by adaptive optics imaging in diabetic patients particularly the early stage of retinopathy and nephropathy. We divided the patients with diabetes into three groups based on the CKD stage (non-CKD (n = 54); CKD stage 1 + 2 (n = 20); CKD stage 3 (n = 41)). The mean blur rate (MBR) of the stage 3 CKD group was significantly lower than that of the no-CKD group (p < 0.015). The total retinal flow index (TRFI) in the stage 3 CKD group was significantly lower than that of the no-CKD group (p < 0.002). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that CKD stage was independently associated with MBR (β = -0.257, p = 0.031) and TRFI (β = -0.316, p = 0.015). No significant differences were observed in external diameter, lumen diameter, wall thickness, and wall to lumen ratio among the groups. These results indicated that the ONH MBR and TRFI as assessed by LSFG decreases in diabetic patients with stage 3 CKD, but the arterial diameter measured by adaptive optics imaging does not change, suggesting that impaired renal function may be associated with decreased retinal blood flow in early-stage diabetic retinopathy.
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24
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Böhm EW, Pfeiffer N, Wagner FM, Gericke A. Methods to measure blood flow and vascular reactivity in the retina. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1069449. [PMID: 36714119 PMCID: PMC9877427 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1069449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbances of retinal perfusion are involved in the onset and maintenance of several ocular diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and retinal vascular occlusion. Hence, knowledge on ocular vascular anatomy and function is highly relevant for basic research studies and for clinical judgment and treatment. The retinal vasculature is composed of the superficial, intermediate, and deep vascular layer. Detection of changes in blood flow and vascular diameter especially in smaller vessels is essential to understand and to analyze vascular diseases. Several methods to evaluate blood flow regulation in the retina have been described so far, but no gold standard has been established. For highly reliable assessment of retinal blood flow, exact determination of vessel diameter is necessary. Several measurement methods have already been reported in humans. But for further analysis of retinal vascular diseases, studies in laboratory animals, including genetically modified mice, are important. As for mice, the small vessel size is challenging requiring devices with high optic resolution. In this review, we recapitulate different methods for retinal blood flow and vessel diameter measurement. Moreover, studies in humans and in experimental animals are described.
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25
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Kato N, Haruta M, Furushima K, Arai R, Matsuo Y, Yoshida S. Decrease in Ocular Blood Flow Thirty Minutes After Intravitreal Injections of Brolucizumab and Aflibercept for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Clin Ophthalmol 2023; 17:1187-1192. [PMID: 37096209 PMCID: PMC10122494 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s407249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents such as brolucizumab and aflibercept are used widely to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD); however; they may theoretically affect the ocular blood flow. We investigated the short-term changes in the ocular blood flow between eyes with nAMD treated with intravitreal brolucizumab injections (IVBr) and intravitreal aflibercept injections (IVA). Methods This study included 21 eyes of 21 Japanese patients with nAMD treated with either IVBr or IVA at Kurume University Hospital from April 2021 through June 2022. The rates of ocular blood flow at the optic nerve head (ONH mean blur rate [MBR]-vessel) and at the choroid (CHOR MBR) were analyzed before and 30 minutes after injections using laser speckle flowgraphy. Results In the IVBr-treated group, the ONH MBR-vessel and CHOR MBR rates decreased significantly by 10.6% and 16.9% from baseline to 30 minutes after IVBr, respectively. In the IVA-treated group, ONH MBR-vessel and CHOR MBR rates decreased significantly by 9.4% and 6.1% from baseline to 30 minutes after IVA, respectively. There was no significant difference in the rates of decrease in the ONH MBR-vessel or CHOR MBR between the IVBr-treated and IVA-treated groups. Conclusion Intravitreal injections of brolucizumab and aflibercept in eyes with nAMD cause significant decreases in ocular blood flow at the ONH and the choroid 30 minutes after injection. The rate of decrease in ocular blood flow was not significant between the eyes treated with brolucizumab and aflibercept. However, 3 of 10 eyes treated with brolucizumab but none of 11 eyes treated with aflibercept had more than a 30% decrease in the ocular blood flow at the choroid 30 minutes after injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Kato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Haruta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
- Correspondence: Masatoshi Haruta, Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan, Tel +81 942 31 7574, Fax +81 942 37 0324, Email
| | - Kei Furushima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Rikki Arai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yu Matsuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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26
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Higashide T, Hirooka K, Kometani M, Sugiyama K. Aldosterone as a Possible Contributor to Eye Diseases. Endocrinology 2022; 164:6868238. [PMID: 36461718 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Aldosterone, an effector molecule of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), has been receiving more attention in the field of ophthalmology because of its possible role in the pathogenesis of various eye diseases or abnormalities; it may even become a target for their treatment. Primary aldosteronism, a typical model of a systemic aldosterone excess, may cause vision loss due to various ocular diseases, such as retinal vein occlusion, central serous chorioretinopathy, and, possibly glaucoma. RAAS components are present in various parts and types of cells present in the eye. Investigations of the local RAAS in various animal models of diabetic macular edema, retinal vein occlusion, retinopathy of prematurity, central serous chorioretinopathy, and glaucoma have found evidence that aldosterone or mineralocorticoid receptors may exacerbate the pathology of these disorders. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether the modulation of aldosterone or mineralocorticoid receptors is an effective treatment for preventing vision loss in patients with eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Higashide
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Hirooka
- Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kometani
- Department of Health Promotion and Medicine of the Future, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Sugiyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
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27
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Qiu C, Situ J, Wang SY, Vaghefi E. Inter-day repeatability assessment of human retinal blood flow using clinical laser speckle contrast imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:6136-6152. [PMID: 36733735 PMCID: PMC9872875 DOI: 10.1364/boe.468871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) can generate retinal blood flow maps inexpensively and non-invasively. These flow maps can be used to identify various eye disorders associated with reduced blood flow. Despite early success, one of the major obstacles to clinical adoption of LSCI is poor repeatability of the modality. Here, we propose an LSCI registration pipeline that registers contrast maps to correct for rigid movements. Post-registration, intra(same)-day and inter(next)-day repeatability are studied using various quantitative metrics. We have studied LSCI repeatability intra-day by using the coefficient of variation. Using the processing pipelines and custom hardware developed, similar repeatability was observed when compared to previously reported values in the literature. Inter-day repeatability analysis indicates no statistical evidence (p = 0.09) of a difference between flow measurements performed on two independent days. Further improvements to hardware, environmental controls, and participant control must be made to provide higher confidence in the repeatability of blood flow. However, this is the first time that repeatability across two different days (inter-day) using multiple exposure speckle imaging (MESI) has been analyzed and reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qiu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine Situ
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sheng-Ya Wang
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ehsan Vaghefi
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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28
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Alsarhani WK, Al Adel FF, Alamri A, Al Malawi RM, AlBloushi AF. Alterations in ocular microcirculation and oxygen metabolism in patients with lipemia retinalis. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:295. [PMID: 35794613 PMCID: PMC9258117 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
The study aims to assess the alterations in retinal oxygen saturation and retinal and choroidal blood flow in lipemia retinalis.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study on 10 eyes (5 patients) with history of lipemia retinalis. The study comprised 10 eyes with documented history of lipemia retinalis and 10 participants as healthy controls. Patients with a confirmed history of lipemia retinalis were grouped into two cohorts based on their most recent fundus examination: untreated lipemia retinalis (abnormal fundus) and resolved lipemia retinalis (normal fundus). Both retinal arteriolar and venular oxygen saturation were measured using the non-invasive spectrophotometric retinal oximeter (Oxymap T1). The mean blur rate (MBR) of the optic nerve and choroidal blood flow were analyzed using a laser speckle flowgraph (LSFG).
Results
Patients with untreated lipemia retinalis had a significantly higher retinal arteriolar and venular oxygen saturation than that of the other two groups (p < 0.001). Moreover, patients with untreated lipemia retinalis had significantly smaller retinal arteriolar and venular diameters (p < 0.001). On LSFG, there was a significant difference in the overall MBR (p = 0.007) and vessel MBR of the optic nerve between the groups (p = 0.011). The patients with history of lipemia retinalis (untreated and resolved) exhibited a high overall MBR and vessel MBR of the optic nerve than that of the control group. There was a significant elevation of the optic nerve (p = 0.002) and choroidal blowout score (p < 0.001), while the resistivity index of the optic nerve (p = 0.001) and choroids (p = 0.002) was significantly lower in patients with resolved and untreated lipemia retinalis.
Conclusions
There was a significant alteration in retinal oximetry, in untreated lipemia retinalis, and in retinal blood flow, in both the resolved and untreated groups. The increase in retinal blood flow and oxygen saturation may elucidate the preservation of visual acuity and function despite the fundus changes observed in lipemia retinalis.
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29
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Hua Y, Lu Y, Walker J, Lee PY, Tian Q, McDonald H, Pallares P, Ji F, Brazile BL, Yang B, Voorhees AP, Sigal IA. Eye-specific 3D modeling of factors influencing oxygen concentration in the lamina cribrosa. Exp Eye Res 2022; 220:109105. [PMID: 35568202 PMCID: PMC11007759 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Our goal was to identify the factors with the strongest influence on the minimum lamina cribrosa (LC) oxygen concentration as potentially indicative of conditions increasing hypoxia risk. Because direct measurement of LC hemodynamics and oxygenation is not yet possible, we developed 3D eye-specific LC vasculature models. The vasculature of a normal monkey eye was perfusion-labeled post-mortem. Serial cryosections through the optic nerve head were imaged using fluorescence and polarized light microscopy to visualize the vasculature and collagen, respectively. The vasculature within a 450 μm-thick region containing the LC - identified from the collagen, was segmented, skeletonized, and meshed for simulations. Using Monte Carlo sampling, 200 vascular network models were generated with varying vessel diameter, neural tissue oxygen consumption rate, inflow hematocrit, and blood pressures (arteriole, venule, anterior boundary, and posterior boundary). Factors were varied over ranges of baseline ±20% with uniform probability. For each model we first obtained the blood flow, and from this the neural tissue oxygen concentration. ANOVA was used to identify the factors with the strongest influence on the minimum (10th percentile) oxygen concentration in the LC. The three most influential factors were, in ranked order, vessel diameter, neural tissue oxygen consumption rate, and arteriole pressure. There was a strong interaction between vessel diameter and arteriole pressure whereby the impact of one factor was larger when the other factor was small. Our results show that, for the eye analyzed, conditions that reduce vessel diameter, such as vessel compression due to elevated intraocular pressure or gaze-induced tissue deformation, may particularly contribute to decreased LC oxygen concentration. More eyes must be analyzed before generalizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hua
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yuankai Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jason Walker
- Department of Biological Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Po-Yi Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Qi Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Haiden McDonald
- Department of Biological Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Pedro Pallares
- Department of Biological Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Fengting Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Bryn L Brazile
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Engineering, Rangos School of Health Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Andrew P Voorhees
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ian A Sigal
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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30
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Haneda M, Hashimoto Y, Mishima A, Saito D, Yoshitomi T. Changes in choroidal circulation hemodynamics during the menstrual cycle in young, healthy women. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270501. [PMID: 35759478 PMCID: PMC9236247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The current study aimed to investigate the time course of changes in choroidal circulation hemodynamics and their relationship to systemic circulation dynamics during the normal menstrual cycle in young, healthy women using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG). Methods This prospective study included 26 eyes from 13 young, healthy women (21.3 ± 4.0 years) with a normal menstrual cycle and 24 eyes from 12 young, healthy men (21.8 ± 4.4 years) as a control group. The macular mean blur rate (MBR), a quantitative index of relative blood flow velocity in the choroid, was measured using LSFG. MBR, intraocular pressure (IOP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean blood pressure (MBP), and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) were evaluated in the late follicular phase and mid-luteal phase in women and at baseline and 10 days after baseline in men, respectively. Results In the female group, IOP, SBP, DBP, MBP, and OPP values were significantly higher in the mid-luteal phase than those observed in the late follicular phase (P = 0.035, P < 0.001, P = 0.041, P = 0.001, P = 0.014, respectively). The average macular MBR values in the late follicular phase and mid-luteal phase were 12.7 ± 5.3 and 13.7 ± 6.6 (+7.7 ± 19.4%), representing a significant increase in the mid-luteal phase (P = 0.041). The rate of change in MBR exhibited a significant positive correlation with changes in DBP and MBP (R = 0.456, P = 0.019 and R = 0.474, P = 0.014). However, there were no significant changes in any of the factors in the male group during the study period. Conclusions Our results suggest that in young, healthy women with a normal menstrual cycle, choroidal blood flow velocity decreases during the late follicular phase and increases during the mid-luteal phase, depending on systemic circulatory dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Haneda
- Department of Orthoptics, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Hashimoto
- Department of Orthoptics, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Airi Mishima
- Department of Orthoptics, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daichi Saito
- Department of Orthoptics, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshitomi
- Department of Orthoptics, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, Japan
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Peripapillary and Macular Vascular Density in Patients with Preperimetric and Early Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. J Glaucoma 2022; 31:724-733. [DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000002069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yin S, Cui Y, Jiao W, Zhao B. Potential Prognostic Indicators for Patients With Retinal Vein Occlusion. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:839082. [PMID: 35692537 PMCID: PMC9174432 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.839082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The second most prevalent cause of retinal vascular disease is retinal vein occlusion (RVO). RVO raises intravascular pressure in the capillary and veins, triggering vessel barrier collapse and subsequent leaking of blood or plasma components into the tissue (edema). Macular edema (ME) is a major complication of RVO that results in significant visual impairment. Laser therapy, intravitreal steroid injections, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors are the major therapeutic techniques. Different therapies reduce ME of RVO and improve visual activity. However, some people have no impact on the resolution of ME, while others have a poor visual prognosis despite full ME cure. There are many investigators who studied the relationship between indicators of various instruments with visual activity. However, a summary of those findings is currently lacking. Therefore, we will focus on the predictive factors of different studies associated with positive visual activity outcomes, which would be very useful and important to help address both treatment expectations and methods for patients with RVO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Yin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yanyan Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Wanzhen Jiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Bojun Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Bojun Zhao,
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Vinnett A, Kandukuri J, Le C, Cho KA, Sinha A, Asanad S, Thompson G, Chen V, Rege A, Saeedi OJ. Dynamic Alterations in Blood Flow in Glaucoma Measured with Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging. Ophthalmol Glaucoma 2022; 5:250-261. [PMID: 34673279 PMCID: PMC9013729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogla.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the repeatability of blood flow velocity index (BFVi) metrics obtained with a recently Food and Drug Administration-cleared laser speckle contrast imaging device, the XyCAM RI (Vasoptic Medical, Inc), and to characterize differences in these metrics among control, glaucoma suspect, and glaucoma participants. DESIGN Prospective, observational study. PARTICIPANTS Forty-six participants: 20 control, 16 glaucoma suspect, and 10 glaucoma participants, 1 eye per participant. METHODS Key dynamic BFVi metrics-mean, peak, dip, volumetric rise index (VRI), volumetric fall index (VFI), time to rise (TtR), time to fall (TtF), blow-out time (BOT), skew, and acceleration time index-were measured in the optic disc, optic disc vessels, optic disc perfusion region, and macula in 4 imaging sessions on the same day. Intrasession and intersession variability were calculated using the coefficient of variation (CV) for each metric in each region of interest (ROI). Values for each dynamic BFVi variable were compared between glaucoma, glaucoma suspect, and control participants using bivariate and multivariate analysis. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to correlate each variable in each ROI with age, intraocular pressure, cup-to-disc ratio (CDR), mean deviation, pattern standard deviation, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and minimum rim width. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Coefficient of variation for the intrasession and intersession variability for each dynamic BFVi metric in each ROI and differences in each metric in each ROI between each diagnostic group. RESULTS Intersession CV for mean, peak, dip, VRI, VFI, TtR, and TtF ranged from 3.2 ± 2.5% to 11.0 ± 3.8%. Age, CDR, OCT metrics, and visual field metrics showed significant correlations with dynamic BFVi variables. Peak, mean, dip, VRI, and VFI were significantly lower in patients with glaucoma than in control participants in all ROIs except the fovea. These metrics also were significantly lower in glaucoma patients than glaucoma suspect patients in the disc vessels. CONCLUSIONS Dynamic blood flow metrics measured with the XyCAM RI are reliable, are associated with structural and functional glaucoma metrics, and are significantly different among glaucoma, glaucoma suspect, and control participants. The XyCAM RI may serve as an important tool in glaucoma management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Vinnett
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Christopher Le
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | - Samuel Asanad
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ginger Thompson
- Department of Ophthalmology/Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Victoria Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Osamah J Saeedi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Noma H, Yasuda K, Mimura T, Shimura M. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHOROIDAL FINDINGS AND GROWTH FACTORS, CYTOKINES, AND OTHER INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS AFTER INTRAVITREAL RANIBIZUMAB INJECTION IN PATIENTS WITH MACULAR EDEMA SECONDARY TO BRANCH RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION. Retina 2022; 42:744-751. [PMID: 35350049 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine possible associations between subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT), choroidal blood flow, aqueous flare value, and aqueous humor levels of multiple growth factors, cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion and macular edema who received antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy. METHODS We recruited 65 patients with macular edema due to branch retinal vein occlusion who received intravitreal ranibizumab injection and measured aqueous levels of eight factors by the suspension array method. Furthermore, we evaluated choroidal blood flows by laser speckle flowgraphy and quantified them as the mean blur rate and measured aqueous flare values using a laser flare meter and SCT and central macular thickness by optical coherence tomography. RESULTS At 1 month after intravitreal ranibizumab injection, central macular thickness was significantly improved and SCT, choroidal mean blur rate, and aqueous flare value were significantly decreased. SCT was significantly correlated with vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor, and the change in both SCT and central macular thickness was significantly correlated with the change in aqueous flare value. However, only SCT was significantly negatively correlated with the aqueous flare value. CONCLUSION Growth factors seem to play a role in SCT. In macular edema with branch retinal vein occlusion, antivascular endothelial growth factor agents may decrease SCT by reducing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Noma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan ; and
| | - Kanako Yasuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan ; and
| | - Tatsuya Mimura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Shimura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan ; and
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Higashide M, Furuhashi M, Watanabe M, Itoh K, Suzuki S, Umetsu A, Tsugeno Y, Ida Y, Hikage F, Ohguro H. Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins 4 and 5 Are Involved in the Pathogenesis of Retinal Vascular Diseases in Different Manners. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040467. [PMID: 35454958 PMCID: PMC9025502 DOI: 10.3390/life12040467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports on the pathological significance of the vitreous fatty acid-binding protein (Vt-FABP) 4 and 5, and vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vt-VEGFA) in patients with retinal vascular diseases (RVDs) including proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Subjects with PDR (n = 20), RVO (n = 10), and controls (epiretinal membrane, n = 18) who had undergone vitrectomies were enrolled in this study. The levels of Vt-FABP4, Vt-FABP5, and Vt-VEGFA were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Retinal circulation levels were measured by a laser-speckle flow analyzer (LSFA) and other relevant data were collected. The Vt-FABP5 levels were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated in patients with RVDs compared to control patients. This elevation was more evident in patients with RVO than with PDR. Log Vt-FABP5 was significantly correlated negatively or positively with all the LSFA retinal circulation indexes or Log triglycerides (r = 0.31, p = 0.031), respectively. However, the elevations in the Vt-FABP4 and Vt-VEGFA levels were more evident in the PDR group (p < 0.05) and these factors were correlated positively with Log fasting glucose and negatively with some of the LSFA retinal circulation indexes. Multivariable regression analyses indicated that the LSFA blood flows of the optic disc at baseline was an independent effector with Log Vt-FABP5 other than several possible factors including age, gender, Log triglycerides, Log Vt-FABP4 and Log Vt-VEGFA. These current findings suggest that Vt-FABP5 is involved in the pathogenesis of RVD in a manner that is different from that for Vt-FABP4 and Vt-VEGFA, presumably by regulating retinal circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Higashide
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.H.); (M.W.); (K.I.); (S.S.); (A.U.); (Y.T.); (Y.I.); (F.H.)
| | - Masato Furuhashi
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan;
| | - Megumi Watanabe
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.H.); (M.W.); (K.I.); (S.S.); (A.U.); (Y.T.); (Y.I.); (F.H.)
| | - Kaku Itoh
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.H.); (M.W.); (K.I.); (S.S.); (A.U.); (Y.T.); (Y.I.); (F.H.)
| | - Soma Suzuki
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.H.); (M.W.); (K.I.); (S.S.); (A.U.); (Y.T.); (Y.I.); (F.H.)
| | - Araya Umetsu
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.H.); (M.W.); (K.I.); (S.S.); (A.U.); (Y.T.); (Y.I.); (F.H.)
| | - Yuri Tsugeno
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.H.); (M.W.); (K.I.); (S.S.); (A.U.); (Y.T.); (Y.I.); (F.H.)
| | - Yosuke Ida
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.H.); (M.W.); (K.I.); (S.S.); (A.U.); (Y.T.); (Y.I.); (F.H.)
| | - Fumihito Hikage
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.H.); (M.W.); (K.I.); (S.S.); (A.U.); (Y.T.); (Y.I.); (F.H.)
| | - Hiroshi Ohguro
- Departments of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.H.); (M.W.); (K.I.); (S.S.); (A.U.); (Y.T.); (Y.I.); (F.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-61-12-111
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Characteristics of laterality in the optic nerve head microcirculation obtained by laser speckle flowgraphy in healthy subjects. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022; 260:2799-2805. [PMID: 35298697 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-022-05631-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the characteristics of the laterality of the ocular microcirculation parameters obtained from laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) in the optic nerve head (ONH). SUBJECTS AND METHODS We reanalyzed a total of 240 healthy subjects (169 men, 71 women) who had participated in a medical checkup program. We analyzed the average mean blur rate (MBR), maximum MBR (Max-MBR), minimum MBR (Min-MBR), and area ratio of the blood stream (ARBS). As the pulse waveform parameters, we also calculated the skew, blowout score (BOS), blowout time (BOT), rising rate, falling rate, flow acceleration index (FAI), acceleration time index (ATI), resistivity index (RI), and beat strength over MBR (BOM). All parameters were compared between left and right eyes. RESULTS MBR-average, MBR-Max, MBR-Min, ARBS, skew, BOT, rising rate, falling rate, FAI, ATI, and ARBS did not differ significantly between the right and left eyes. The BOS in the right eyes was significantly lower than that of the left eyes, and the RI and BS in the right eyes were significantly higher than those of the left eyes. Similarly, for the whole of the ONH, the BOS in the tissue area (Tissue) and in the vessel area (Vessel) of the right eyes were significantly lower than those of the left eyes, and RI-Tissue, RI-Vessel, BOM-Tissue, and BOM-Vessel in the right eyes were significantly higher than those of the left eyes. CONCLUSION By using LSFG, we observed laterality of the BOS, RI, and BOM, all of which are pulse wave form parameters in the ONH.
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Evaluation of Microcirculation in Optic Nerve Head Using Laser Speckle Flowgraphy in Active Thyroid Eye Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9115270. [PMID: 35342747 PMCID: PMC8948602 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9115270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) can be used to estimate optic nerve blood flow. This study used LSFG to evaluate optic nerve microcirculation in patients with thyroid eye disease (TED). Methods This was a retrospective review of patients with active TED who underwent LSFG between October 2020 and June 2021. The mean blur rate (MBR) for different severities of active TED was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results A total of 30 patients (60 eyes) with a diagnosis of active TED who underwent LSFG were included. The mean age was 49 (range, 33–74) years. Mean best-corrected visual acuity was the worst in the group with sight-threatening active TED (0.29 ± 0.33 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, p = 0.01). The MBR-overall was the highest in the group with mild active TED (28.5 ± 2.7), followed by that in the moderate to severe (23.6 ± 3.2), and in the sight-threatening (20.2 ± 4.3) active TED groups (p < 0.001). The MBR-vessel was 57.1, 47.0, and 39.3 in the mild, moderate to severe, and sight-threatening active TED groups, respectively (p < 0.001). The MBR-tissue was 16.9, 14.4, and 12.0 in the mild, moderate to severe, and sight-threatening active TED groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusions This study demonstrates that optic nerve blood flow is lower with more severe active TED. In addition, LSFG is an effective, objective, and noninvasive method for evaluating the severity of TED.
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Abu El‐Asrar AM, AlBloushi AF, Gikandi PW, Alzubaidi A, Stefánsson E. Changes in ocular blood flow and retinal oxygen metabolism during immunosuppressive therapy for initial-onset acute uveitis associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:707-712. [PMID: 35235253 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Abu El‐Asrar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Dr. Nasser Al‐Rashid Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Priscilla W. Gikandi
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alzubaidi
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Einar Stefánsson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Physiology University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland
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Ava S, Tamam Y, Hazar L, Karahan M, Erdem S, Dursun ME, Keklikçi U. Relationship between optical coherence tomography angiography and visual evoked potential in patients with multiple sclerosis. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:873-878. [PMID: 35225535 PMCID: PMC9114564 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_431_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to identify an easy-to-apply biomarker by correlating visual evoked potential (VEP) with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) results in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Our study was planned prospectively. Patients with MS were divided into two groups, VEP prolonged group 1 and VEP normal group 2. Age-matched and gender-matched healthy individuals (group 3) were included as the control group. Vascular density (VD) of the optic nerve head (ONH) and radial peripapillary capillaries (RPCs) were measured and recorded by OCTA. The optic nerve damage of patients was measured and recorded with a VEP device. Results: Thirty-two eyes were included in group 1, 50 eyes were included in group 2, and 51 healthy eyes were included in group 3. In terms of visual acuity, group 1 was significantly lower than the other groups (P < 0.001). Regardless of the prolongation of p100 latency in patients with MS, whole image, inside disc ONH VD and in the same sectors in RPC VD were found to be significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05). Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was found to be significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2 and group 3 (P < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between low ONH VD and RPC VD and prolonged VEP P100 (P < 0.05). Conclusion: VEP measurements can be correlated with OCTA measurements in patients with MS and can be used as a biomarker to determine the degree of optic nerve damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Ava
- Dicle University School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Tamam
- Dicle University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Leyla Hazar
- Dicle University School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Mine Karahan
- Dicle University School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Seyfettin Erdem
- Dicle University School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Dursun
- Dicle University School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Ugur Keklikçi
- Dicle University School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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Puyo L, Spahr H, Pfäffle C, Hüttmann G, Hillmann D. Retinal blood flow imaging with combined full-field swept-source optical coherence tomography and laser Doppler holography. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:1198-1201. [PMID: 35230326 DOI: 10.1364/ol.449739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Full-field swept-source optical coherence tomography (FF-SS-OCT) and laser Doppler holography (LDH) are two holographic imaging techniques presenting unique capabilities for ophthalmology. We report on interlaced FF-SS-OCT and LDH imaging with a single instrument. Effectively, retinal blood flow and pulsation could be quasi-simultaneously monitored. This instrument holds potential for a wide scope of ophthalmic applications.
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Tamplin MR, Broadhurst KA, Vitale AH, Hashimoto R, Kardon RH, Grumbach IM. Measuring hyperemic response to light flicker stimulus using continuous laser speckle flowgraphy in mice. Exp Eye Res 2022; 216:108952. [PMID: 35051429 PMCID: PMC9014798 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.108952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in neurovascular coupling have been associated with various ocular, cerebral, and systemic vascular disorders. In the eye, changes in vessel caliber by dynamic vessel analysis have been used to measure neurovascular coupling following a light flicker stimulus. Here, we present a new protocol for quantifying light-flicker induced hyperemia in the C57/Bl6J mouse retina using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG). Our protocol was adapted from protocols used in human subjects. By acquiring continuous time series data, we detected significant increase in blood flow. These responses are maintained with low variability over multiple imaging sessions, indicating these methods may be applied in serial studies of neurovascular coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Tamplin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kimberly A Broadhurst
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Anthony H Vitale
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ryuya Hashimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Randy H Kardon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Iowa City VA Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Isabella M Grumbach
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Iowa City VA Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Silva VB, Andrade De Jesus D, Klein S, van Walsum T, Cardoso J, Brea LS, Vaz PG. Signal-carrying speckle in optical coherence tomography: a methodological review on biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:030901. [PMID: 35289154 PMCID: PMC8919025 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.3.030901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Speckle has historically been considered a source of noise in coherent light imaging. However, a number of works in optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging have shown that speckle patterns may contain relevant information regarding subresolution and structural properties of the tissues from which it is originated. AIM The objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview of the methods developed for retrieving speckle information in biomedical OCT applications. APPROACH PubMed and Scopus databases were used to perform a systematic review on studies published until December 9, 2021. From 146 screened studies, 40 were eligible for this review. RESULTS The studies were clustered according to the nature of their analysis, namely static or dynamic, and all features were described and analyzed. The results show that features retrieved from speckle can be used successfully in different applications, such as classification and segmentation. However, the results also show that speckle analysis is highly application-dependant, and the best approach varies between applications. CONCLUSIONS Several of the reviewed analyses were only performed in a theoretical context or using phantoms, showing that signal-carrying speckle analysis in OCT imaging is still in its early stage, and further work is needed to validate its applicability and reproducibility in a clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania B. Silva
- University of Coimbra, Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UC), Department of Physics, Coimbra, Portugal
- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danilo Andrade De Jesus
- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Klein
- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo van Walsum
- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - João Cardoso
- University of Coimbra, Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UC), Department of Physics, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luisa Sánchez Brea
- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro G. Vaz
- University of Coimbra, Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UC), Department of Physics, Coimbra, Portugal
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Hanaguri J, Yokota H, Kushiyama A, Kushiyama S, Watanabe M, Yamagami S, Nagaoka T. Beneficial Effect of Long-Term Administration of Supplement With Trapa Bispinosa Roxb. and Lutein on Retinal Neurovascular Coupling in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Front Physiol 2022; 13:788034. [PMID: 35283788 PMCID: PMC8908418 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.788034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We investigated the effect of long-term administration of supplement with trapa bispinosa roxb. extract (TBE) and lutein on the susceptibility of retinal blood flow regulation in type 2 diabetic mice. Methods Six-week-old db/db mice were randomly divided into the untreated group (n = 6) and the treated group received the supplement with TBE and lutein (n = 6). The longitudinal changes in retinal blood flow responses to systemic hyperoxia and a flicker stimulation were evaluated every 2 weeks in diabetes db/db mice from age 8 to 14 weeks. The retinal blood flow was assessed using laser speckle flowgraphy. We also evaluated the expressions of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by immunofluorescence. Results The resting retinal blood flow was steady and comparable between two groups throughout the study. In db/db mice with supplement, both blood flow responses were restored from 8 to 14 weeks of age compared with diabetic mice treated with the placebo. Supplement prevented the activation of GFAP and decreased the expression of VEGF detected by immunofluorescence compared with the diabetic mice treated with placebo. Conclusion We found that the long-term administration of supplement with TBE and lutein improved the impaired regulation of retinal blood flow in response to systemic hyperoxia and flicker stimulation, suggesting that these supplements can prevent diabetic retinopathy by improving abnormal neurovascular coupling in type 2 diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Hanaguri
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harumasa Yokota
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akifumi Kushiyama
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakura Kushiyama
- Division of Life Science, Department of Nursing, National College of Nursing, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahisa Watanabe
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamagami
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiji Nagaoka
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Taiji Nagaoka,
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Ebuchi Y, Nagaoka T, Fukamachi D, Kojima K, Akutsu N, Murata N, Saito Y, Kitano D, Yokota H, Yamagami S, Okumura Y. Comprehensive assessment of systemic arteriosclerosis in relation to the ocular resistive index in acute coronary syndrome patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2321. [PMID: 35149710 PMCID: PMC8837772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ocular vascular resistance parameters, evaluated by laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG), and systemic atherosclerosis, renal parameters and cardiac function in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. We evaluated 53 ACS patients between April 2019 and September 2020. LSFG measured the mean blur rate (MBR) and ocular blowout time (BOT) and resistivity index (RI). 110 consequent patients without a history of coronary artery disease who visited ophthalmology as a control group. Significant positive correlations were observed between ocular RI and systemic parameters in ACS patients, including intima-media thickness (r = 0.34, P = 0.015), brachial-ankle pulse-wave velocity (r = 0.41, P = 0.002), cystatin C (r = 0.32, P = 0.020), and E/e’ (r = 0.34, P = 0.013). Ocular RI was significantly higher in the ACS group than in the control group in male in their 40 s (0.37 ± 0.02 vs. 0.29 ± 0.01, P < 0.001) and 50 s (0.36 ± 0.02 vs. 0.30 ± 0.01, P = 0.01). We found that the ocular RI was associated with systemic atherosclerosis, early renal dysfunction, and diastolic cardiac dysfunction in ACS patients, suggesting that it could be a useful non-invasive comprehensive arteriosclerotic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Ebuchi
- Division of Cardiology, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiji Nagaoka
- Division of Ophthalmology, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital, Ohyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Fukamachi
- Division of Cardiology, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kojima
- Division of Cardiology, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naotaka Akutsu
- Division of Cardiology, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Murata
- Division of Cardiology, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Saito
- Division of Cardiology, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kitano
- Division of Cardiology, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harumasa Yokota
- Division of Ophthalmology, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital, Ohyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamagami
- Division of Ophthalmology, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital, Ohyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yasuo Okumura
- Division of Cardiology, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Hanaguri J, Nagai N, Yokota H, Kushiyama A, Watanabe M, Yamagami S, Nagaoka T. Fenofibrate Nano-Eyedrops Ameliorate Retinal Blood Flow Dysregulation and Neurovascular Coupling in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020384. [PMID: 35214116 PMCID: PMC8876509 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of fenofibrate nano-eyedrops (FenoNano) on impaired retinal blood flow regulation in type 2 diabetic mice. Six-week-old db/db mice were randomly divided into an untreated group (n = 6) and treated group, which received FenoNano (n = 6). The longitudinal changes in retinal neuronal function and blood flow responses to systemic hyperoxia and flicker stimulation were evaluated every 2 weeks in diabetic db/db mice treated with FenoNano (n = 6) or the vehicle (n = 6) from ages 8–14 weeks. The retinal blood flow was assessed using laser speckle flowgraphy. We also evaluated the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and the phosphorylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) by immunofluorescence. In db/db mice treated with FenoNano, both responses were restored from 8 to 14 weeks of age compared with the diabetic mice treated with the vehicle. At 14 weeks of age, the impaired regulation of retinal blood flow during systemic hyperoxia and flicker stimulation improved to about half of that in the db/db mice treated with FenoNano compared with the db/m control group (n = 5). FenoNano prevented the activation of VEGF and GFAP expression and increased the AQP4 expression and the phosphorylation of PPAR-α detected by immunofluorescence compared with the diabetic mice treated with the vehicle eyedrop. Our results suggested that the fenofibrate nano-eyedrops prevent retinal glial dysfunction via the phosphorylation of PPAR-α and improves the retinal blood flow dysregulation in type 2 diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Hanaguri
- Department of Visual Science, Division of Ophthalmology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (J.H.); (H.Y.); (M.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Noriaki Nagai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Harumasa Yokota
- Department of Visual Science, Division of Ophthalmology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (J.H.); (H.Y.); (M.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Akifumi Kushiyama
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan;
| | - Masahisa Watanabe
- Department of Visual Science, Division of Ophthalmology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (J.H.); (H.Y.); (M.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Satoru Yamagami
- Department of Visual Science, Division of Ophthalmology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (J.H.); (H.Y.); (M.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Taiji Nagaoka
- Department of Visual Science, Division of Ophthalmology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (J.H.); (H.Y.); (M.W.); (S.Y.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +81-3-3972-8111
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Abe S, Nakamura T, Okumura E, Oiwake T, Okada AA, Hayashi A. Long-term changes of choroidal blood flow velocity in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022; 260:1933-1939. [PMID: 34982220 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate changes in choroidal blood flow in patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease after initiation of corticosteroid treatment. METHODS Fourteen patients (10 men and 4 women) with acute VKH disease followed for 2 years were retrospectively reviewed; only right eyes were included in the analysis. Mean blur rate (MBR) in the macula was measured by laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) and central choroidal thickness (CCT) was measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT), both prior to treatment and over 2 years after initiation of corticosteroid treatment. RESULTS Of 14 patients included in this study, 13 received initial treatment consisting of intravenous corticosteroid pulse therapy and one patient was treated using bilateral sub-Tenon injections of triamcinolone acetonide. Mean percentage change in MBR was significantly increased after initiation of treatment compared to pretreatment values (P < 0.001). Mean CCTs were significantly decreased after initiation of treatment, compared to pretreatment thicknesses (P < 0.001). There was no significant change in either MBR change or CCT at 1 month after initiation of treatment through 2 years of follow-up. The mean MBR percentage change was significantly higher in eyes with sunset glow fundus (SGF) compared to eyes without SGF at 1 year. CONCLUSION With initiation of corticosteroid treatment in VKH disease patients, choroidal blood flow improved and was maintained for 2 years. However, the presence of SGF should be taken into consideration when interpreting MBR results in VKH disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Abe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nakamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Erika Okumura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Oiwake
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Annabelle A Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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Kalloniatis M, Wang H, Katalinic P, Ly A, Apel W, Nivison-Smith L, Kalloniatis KF. Ocular ischaemia: signs, symptoms, and clinical considerations for primary eye care practitioners. Clin Exp Optom 2022; 105:117-134. [PMID: 34982952 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1999771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic stroke is a major disease burden as well as a leading cause of death. Early signs of ischaemic stroke can manifest in the eye, placing primary eyecare practitioners in an important position to identify patients at risk of ischaemic stroke and initiate suitable referral pathways. The vascular supply to the brain is reviewed with reference to vision including the various retinal signs and ocular symptoms associated with transient ischaemic attacks and ischaemic stroke. Using a range of clinical cases, the diverse clinical presentations of retinal embolic events, as well as other forms of vascular occlusion, are highlighted and the underlying pathophysiology is discussed. A succinct scheme for the assessment and management of ischaemic events for primary eye care practitioners is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kalloniatis
- Centre for Eye Health, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Henrietta Wang
- Centre for Eye Health, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paula Katalinic
- Centre for Eye Health, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Angelica Ly
- Centre for Eye Health, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Warren Apel
- Centre for Eye Health, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,The Eye Health Centre, Aspley, Australia
| | - Lisa Nivison-Smith
- Centre for Eye Health, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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48
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Mimura M, Nishikawa Y, Inagaki K, Sato Y, Fujita Y, Kikkawa D. Change of intraocular blood flow during treatment for thyroid eye disease. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2022; 12:97-100. [PMID: 35399966 PMCID: PMC8988972 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo_2_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To report a sequential observational study of changes in the retinal and choroidal blood flow during medical and surgical treatments for a thyroid eye disease (TED) patient, using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG). A 28-year-old man with a history of Graves’ disease diagnosed 8 months prior was presented in the active phase of TED. His clinical activity score (CAS) was 6, but without diplopia or visual loss. Intraocular pressure measurement was OD 20 mmHg and OS 24 mmHg. Thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) and thyroid-stimulating antibody levels were 18.8 IU/L and 4347%. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed enlargement of both extraocular muscles and fat compartments in both orbits. The patient underwent IV pulsed steroid therapy (1 g/day, 3 days) followed by an oral prednisone for 1 month. His CAS score decreased to 4. Bilateral orbital fat decompression decreased his final CAS score to 1 in both eyes. Intraocular blood flow was measured using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG), and OCTA was performed. Retinal blood flow increased slightly, but choroidal blood flow showed a robust increase. Choroidal blood flow measured using both LSFG and OCTA was negatively correlated with the CAS score and TRAb. In our case report, the ocular perfusion, especially choroidal blood flow, may decrease in active TED, which may be reversed by medical and surgical treatment.
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49
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Lu Y, Wang RK. Removing dynamic distortions from laser speckle flowgraphy using Eigen-decomposition and spatial filtering. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100294. [PMID: 34787958 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) has been widely used in the investigation of blood flows in ophthalmology. However, the dynamic changes of the ocular optics can impose artificial contrasts to the LSFG, corrupting the detection of both retinal vasculature and blood pulsation at the posterior segment of the human eye. In this study, we propose to use Eigen-decomposition method to separate the spatially and temporally varying speckle patterns from the static tissues. Spatial filtering is further applied to remove the distortion-correlated modulation of the speckle patterns. We experimentally show that with the proposed method, the integrity of blood vessels is significantly improved and the distortions in pulse waveforms can be well corrected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ruikang K Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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50
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Ikemura T, Nakamura N, Hayashi N. Impact of acute dynamic exercise on vascular stiffness in the retinal arteriole in healthy subjects. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 132:459-468. [PMID: 34941440 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00507.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute exercise can improve vascular stiffness in the conduit artery, but its effect on the retinal arterioles is unknown. The present study investigated the effects of acute dynamic exercise on retinal vascular stiffness. In experiment 1, we measured the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), carotid artery intima-media thickness (carotid IMT), and retinal blood velocity by laser speckle flowgraphy in 28 healthy old and 28 young men (69 ± 3 and 23 ± 3 years, respectively). Pulse waveform variables, which were used as an index of retinal vascular stiffness, were assessed by retinal blood flow velocity profile analysis. In experiment 2, 18 healthy old and 18 young men (69 ± 3 and 23 ± 3 years, respectively) underwent assessment of pulse waveform variables after a 30-min bout of moderate cycling exercise at an intensity of 60% heart rate reserve. There was a significant difference in the baseline pulse waveform variables between the old and young groups. Pulse waveform variables in the retinal arteriole did not significantly change after acute dynamic exercise, whereas CAVI significantly decreased. These findings suggest that retinal vascular stiffness does not change by acute exercise. The effect of exercise on vascular stiffness in the retinal arterioles might be different from that in the conduit artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Ikemura
- College of Liberal Arts and Science, Kitasato University, Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.,Faculty of Commerce, Yokohama College of Commerce, Higashiterao, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakamura
- Faculty of Commerce, Yokohama College of Commerce, Higashiterao, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Hayashi
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.,Institute for Liberal Arts, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
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