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Watkins ER, Warren FC, Newbold A, Hulme C, Cranston T, Aas B, Bear H, Botella C, Burkhardt F, Ehring T, Fazel M, Fontaine JRJ, Frost M, Garcia-Palacios A, Greimel E, Hößle C, Hovasapian A, Huyghe VEI, Karpouzis K, Löchner J, Molinari G, Pekrun R, Platt B, Rosenkranz T, Scherer KR, Schlegel K, Schuller BW, Schulte-Korne G, Suso-Ribera C, Voigt V, Voß M, Taylor RS. Emotional competence self-help app versus cognitive behavioural self-help app versus self-monitoring app to prevent depression in young adults with elevated risk (ECoWeB PREVENT): an international, multicentre, parallel, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Digit Health 2024:S2589-7500(24)00148-1. [PMID: 39368871 DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(24)00148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective, scalable interventions are needed to prevent poor mental health in young people. Although mental health apps can provide scalable prevention, few have been rigorously tested in high-powered trials built on models of healthy emotional functioning or tailored to individual profiles. We aimed to test a personalised emotional competence app versus a cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) self-help app versus a self-monitoring app to prevent an increase in depression symptoms in young people. METHODS This multicentre, parallel, open-label, randomised controlled trial, within a cohort multiple randomised trial (including a parallel trial of wellbeing promotion) was done at four university trial sites in the UK, Germany, Spain, and Belgium. Participants were recruited from schools, universities, and social media from the four respective countries. Eligible participants were aged 16-22 years with increased vulnerability indexed by baseline emotional competence profile, without current or past diagnosis of major depression. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to usual practice plus either the personalised emotional competence self-help app, the generic CBT self-help app, or the self-monitoring app by an independent computerised system, minimised by country, age, and self-reported gender, and followed up for 12 months post-randomisation. Outcome assessors were masked to group allocation. The primary outcome was depression symptoms (according to Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]) at 3-month follow-up, analysed in participants who completed the 3-month follow-up assessment. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04148508, and is closed. FINDINGS Between Oct 15, 2020, and Aug 3, 2021, 1262 participants were enrolled, including 417 to the emotional competence app, 423 to the CBT app, and 422 to the self-monitoring app. Mean age was 18·8 years (SD 2·0). Of 1262 participants self-reporting gender, 984 (78·0%) were female, 253 (20·0%) were male, 15 (1·2%) were neither, and ten (0·8%) were both. 178 participants in the emotional competence app group, 191 in the CBT app group, and 199 in the self-monitoring app group completed the follow-up assessment at 3 months. At 3 months, depression symptoms were lower with the CBT app than the self-monitoring app (mean difference in PHQ-9 -1·18 [95% CI -2·01 to -0·34]; p=0·006), but depression symptoms did not differ between the emotional competence app and the CBT app (0·63 [-0·22 to 1·49]; p=0·15) or the self-monitoring app and emotional competence app (-0·54 [-1·39 to 0·31]; p=0·21). 31 of the 541 participants who completed any of the follow-up assessments received treatment in hospital or were admitted to hospital for mental health-related reasons considered unrelated to interventions (eight in the emotional competence app group, 15 in the CBT app group, and eight in the self-monitoring app group). No deaths occurred. INTERPRETATION The CBT app delayed increases in depression symptoms in at-risk young people relative to the self-monitoring app, although this benefit faded by 12 months. Against hypotheses, the emotional competence app was not more effective at reducing depression symptoms than the self-monitoring app. CBT self-help apps might be valuable public mental health interventions for young people given their scalability, non-consumable nature, and affordability. FUNDING European Commission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward R Watkins
- Mood Disorders Centre, School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter UK; Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Fiona C Warren
- Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Alexandra Newbold
- Mood Disorders Centre, School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter UK
| | - Claire Hulme
- Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Timothy Cranston
- Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Benjamin Aas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität Munchën, Munich, Germany
| | - Holly Bear
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cristina Botella
- Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | | | - Thomas Ehring
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität Munchën, Munich, Germany
| | - Mina Fazel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Johnny R J Fontaine
- Department of Work, Organization and Society, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Azucena Garcia-Palacios
- Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Ellen Greimel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität Munchën, Munich, Germany
| | - Christiane Hößle
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität Munchën, Munich, Germany
| | - Arpine Hovasapian
- Department of Work, Organization and Society, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veerle E I Huyghe
- Department of Work, Organization and Society, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kostas Karpouzis
- Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | - Johanna Löchner
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität Munchën, Munich, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Guadalupe Molinari
- Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Reinhard Pekrun
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Belinda Platt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität Munchën, Munich, Germany
| | - Tabea Rosenkranz
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität Munchën, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Bjorn W Schuller
- audEERING, Gilching, Germany; Embedded Intelligence for Health Care and well-being, University of Augsburg, Augsberg, Germany; Group on Language, Audio & Music, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gerd Schulte-Korne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität Munchën, Munich, Germany
| | - Carlos Suso-Ribera
- Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Varinka Voigt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität Munchën, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Voß
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität Munchën, Munich, Germany
| | - Rod S Taylor
- Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Watkins ER, Warren FC, Newbold A, Hulme C, Cranston T, Aas B, Bear H, Botella C, Burkhardt F, Ehring T, Fazel M, Fontaine JRJ, Frost M, Garcia-Palacios A, Greimel E, Hößle C, Hovasapian A, Huyghe VEI, Karpouzis K, Löchner J, Molinari G, Pekrun R, Platt B, Rosenkranz T, Scherer KR, Schlegel K, Schuller BW, Schulte-Korne G, Suso-Ribera C, Voigt V, Voß M, Taylor RS. Emotional competence self-help mobile phone app versus cognitive behavioural self-help app versus self-monitoring app to promote mental wellbeing in healthy young adults (ECoWeB PROMOTE): an international, multicentre, parallel, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Digit Health 2024:S2589-7500(24)00149-3. [PMID: 39368870 DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(24)00149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on evidence that mental health is more than an absence of mental disorders, there have been calls to find ways to promote flourishing at a population level, especially in young people, which requires effective and scalable interventions. Despite their potential for scalability, few mental wellbeing apps have been rigorously tested in high-powered trials, derived from models of healthy emotional functioning, or tailored to individual profiles. We aimed to test a personalised emotional competence self-help app versus a cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) self-help app versus a self-monitoring app to promote mental wellbeing in healthy young people. METHODS This international, multicentre, parallel, open-label, randomised controlled trial within a cohort multiple randomised trial (including a parallel trial of depression prevention) was done at four university trial sites in four countries (the UK, Germany, Spain, and Belgium). Participants were recruited from schools and universities and via social media from the four respective countries. Eligible participants were aged 16-22 years with well adjusted emotional competence profiles and no current or past diagnosis of major depression. Participants were randomised (1:1:1) to usual practice plus either the emotional competence app, the CBT app or the self-monitoring app, by an independent computerised system, minimised by country, age, and self-reported gender, and followed up for 12 months post-randomisation. The primary outcome was mental wellbeing (indexed by the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well Being Scale [WEMWBS]) at 3-month follow-up, analysed in participants who completed the 3-month follow-up assessment. Outcome assessors were masked to group allocation. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04148508, and is closed. FINDINGS Between Oct 15, 2020, and Aug 3, 2021, 2532 participants were enrolled, and 847 were randomly assigned to the emotional competence app, 841 to the CBT app, and 844 to the self-monitoring app. Mean age was 19·2 years (SD 1·8). Of 2532 participants self-reporting gender, 1896 (74·9%) were female, 613 (24·2%) were male, 16 (0·6%) were neither, and seven (0·3%) were both. 425 participants in the emotional competence app group, 443 in the CT app group, and 447 in the self-monitoring app group completed the follow-up assessment at 3 months. There was no difference in mental wellbeing between the groups at 3 months (global p=0·47). The emotional competence app did not differ from the CBT app (mean difference in WEMWBS -0·21 [95% CI -1·08 to 0·66]) or the self-monitoring app (0·32 [-0·54 to 1·19]) and the CBT app did not differ from the self-monitoring app (0·53 [-0·33 to 1·39]). 14 of 1315 participants were admitted to or treated in hospital (or both) for mental health-related reasons, which were considered unrelated to the interventions (five participants in the emotional competence app group, eight in the CBT app group, and one in the self-monitoring app group). No deaths occurred. INTERPRETATION The emotional competence app and the CBT app provided limited benefit in promoting mental wellbeing in healthy young people. This finding might reflect the low intensity of these interventions and the difficulty improving mental wellbeing via universal digital interventions implemented in low-risk populations. FUNDING European Commission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward R Watkins
- Mood Disorders Centre, School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Fiona C Warren
- Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Alexandra Newbold
- Mood Disorders Centre, School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Claire Hulme
- Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Timothy Cranston
- Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Benjamin Aas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität Munchën, Munich, Germany
| | - Holly Bear
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cristina Botella
- Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | | | - Thomas Ehring
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität Munchën, Munich, Germany
| | - Mina Fazel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Johnny R J Fontaine
- Department of Work, Organization and Society, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Azucena Garcia-Palacios
- Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Ellen Greimel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität Munchën, Munich, Germany
| | - Christiane Hößle
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität Munchën, Munich, Germany
| | - Arpine Hovasapian
- Department of Work, Organization and Society, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veerle E I Huyghe
- Department of Work, Organization and Society, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kostas Karpouzis
- Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | - Johanna Löchner
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität Munchën, Munich, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Guadalupe Molinari
- Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Reinhard Pekrun
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK; Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Belinda Platt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität Munchën, Munich, Germany
| | - Tabea Rosenkranz
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität Munchën, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Bjorn W Schuller
- audEERING, Gilching, Germany; Embedded Intelligence for Health Care and Well-being, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Group on Language, Audio & Music, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gerd Schulte-Korne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität Munchën, Munich, Germany
| | - Carlos Suso-Ribera
- Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Varinka Voigt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität Munchën, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Voß
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität Munchën, Munich, Germany
| | - Rod S Taylor
- Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Zewude GT, Mesfin Y, Sadouki F, Ayele AG, Goraw S, Segon T, Hercz M. A serial mediation model of Big 5 personality traits, emotional intelligence, and psychological capital as predictors of teachers' professional well-being. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 250:104500. [PMID: 39317027 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the relationship among the Big Five personality traits, emotional intelligence (EIQ), psychological capital (PsyCap), and teacher well-being (TPWB) within the context of higher education. The objective was to predict TPWB in university teachers by utilizing the Big Five personality traits and PsyCap while considering EI as a mediator. Data were collected from 708 teachers in Ethiopian higher education institutions. Participants completed the Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS-16), Big Five Personality Inventory (BFI-10), Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-12), and Teacher Professional Well-Being Scale (TPWBS). The analysis included reliability tests, correlation analysis, validity assessment, measurement invariance, and serial mediation testing. The findings unveil a significant direct positive effect of Big Five personality traits on EIQ, PsyCap, and TPWB. Furthermore, PsyCap demonstrates a direct positive effect on TPWB. PsyCap fully mediates the relationship between the Big Five personality traits, EIQ, and TPWB, while EIQ partially mediates the relationships between the Big Five personality traits and PsyCap/TPWB, accentuating a serial mediation effect. Moreover, the personality trait of openness to experience positively predicts EIQ, PsyCap, and TPWB. Conscientiousness and agreeableness also positively predict EIQ, while extraversion directly influences PsyCap in a positive manner. However, neuroticism exerts a negative direct impact on EIQ, PsyCap, and TPWB. Additionally, emotional intelligence partially mediates the relationship between the five dimensions of the Big Five personality (openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) and TPWB. In conclusion, PsyCap fully mediates the relationship between the Big Five personality traits, EIQ, and TPWB, while EIQ partially mediates the relationships between the Big Five personality traits and PsyCap/TPWB. These findings hold significant implications for enhancing well-being among teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yikunoamlak Mesfin
- Doctoral School of Philosophy, University of Szeged, Szeged 6728, Hungary.
| | - Fatiha Sadouki
- Doctoral School of Linguistics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Abate Getahun Ayele
- Department Amhara Region War-Affected Areas Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Fund Office, Bahirdar University, Bahir Dar 79, Ethiopia.
| | | | - Tesfaye Segon
- Department of Psychiatry, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Mária Hercz
- Faculty of Primary and Pre-School Education, Eötvös Loránd University, 1126 Budapest, Hungary.
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Gilar-Corbi R, Perez-Soto N, Izquierdo A, Castejón JL, Pozo-Rico T. Emotional factors and self-efficacy in the psychological well-being of trainee teachers. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1434250. [PMID: 39319066 PMCID: PMC11420053 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1434250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The relationship among emotional intelligence, stress, and self-efficacy is a crucial factor in shaping psychological well-being. It has a significant impact on important areas such as health, academic and professional performance, and overall quality of life. Methods Using a hierarchical approach, this study aimed to identify, the specific predictors of psychological well-being, including emotional intelligence, stress, resilience, burnout, and self-efficacy, among higher education students pursuing a bachelor's degree in education. We also examined gender differences among these predictors. This study involved 338 higher education students pursuing a primary education teaching degree. Results The results obtained using the hierarchical regression analysis technique, indicated that the resilience measure, the burnout measure, and the factor of the teacher self-efficacy measure related to self-efficacy in coping with challenges and effectiveness in dealing with change in the educational context, significantly contributed to explaining psychological well-being in the total sample. Furthermore, the predictors of psychological well-being differed between male and female samples. Discussion Finally, these findings are discussed in terms of their theoretical and practical implications for improving the training process of future teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Gilar-Corbi
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Didactics, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Natalia Perez-Soto
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Didactics, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Augusto-Landa JM, García-Martínez I, León SP. Analysis of the Effect of Emotional Intelligence and Coping Strategies on the Anxiety, Stress and Depression Levels of University Students. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:1751-1770. [PMID: 36471637 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221144603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The present study examines the direct and indirect effects of trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) on levels of stress, anxiety and depression, and whether these are moderated by coping strategies. To this end, the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, Coping Strategies Inventory and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales were administered to 567 university students. The findings point to a direct relationship between EI and the levels of anxiety, depression and stress. EI directly explained the university students' levels of anxiety, depression and stress, and it indirectly explained such levels through coping strategies. The article concludes by pointing out practical implications for university education and the improvement of students' socio-emotional well-being.
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Kartol A, Üztemur S, Griffiths MD, Şahin D. Exploring the interplay of emotional intelligence, psychological resilience, perceived stress, and life satisfaction: A cross-sectional study in the Turkish context. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:362. [PMID: 38907343 PMCID: PMC11193244 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional intelligence and life satisfaction are essential components for good psychological well-being. Studies examining the elements contributing to emotional intelligence and its relationships with different psychological constructs are likely to positively contribute to mental health. Therefore, the present study examined the mediating roles of perceived stress and psychological resilience in the relationship between emotional intelligence and life satisfaction. METHODS The study sample comprised 780 university students (62.3% females) studying at universities in different regions of Türkiye. An online survey included the Emotional Intelligence Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Psychological Resilience Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale. A multifactorial complex predictive correlational design was used. RESULTS The results showed that emotional intelligence was (i) positively correlated with life satisfaction and psychological resilience, and (ii) negatively correlated with perceived stress. In the final model, perceived stress and psychological resilience played a mediating role in the relationship between emotional intelligence and life satisfaction. The findings suggest that higher emotional intelligence may lower perceived stress and appears to have a positive effect in relation to life satisfaction and psychological resilience. CONCLUSION Individuals working in the field of mental health need to help individuals increase their level of EI, which may help reduce the level of perceived stress and increase psychological resilience and life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Kartol
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Faculty of Education, Trakya University, Edirne, Türkiye.
| | - Servet Üztemur
- Department of Social Studies Education, Faculty of Education, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Türkiye
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, England
| | - Derya Şahin
- Department of Fine Arts, Faculty of Education, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
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Walter O, Kasler J, Routray S. Emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, depression and anxiety, and satisfaction with life among emerging adults in Israel and India: the impact of gender and individualism/collectivism. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:332. [PMID: 38845048 PMCID: PMC11157833 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Much research has focused on how emotional and spiritual intelligences promote well-being and help combat mental health issues. This comparative study, which was conducted in Israel and India with emerging adults enrolled in higher education, explored the relationship of emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, anxiety and depression, and satisfaction with life. The results in Israel showed a positive correlation of emotional intelligence with satisfaction with life, but in India, only spiritual intelligence correlated positively with satisfaction with life. In both groups, female participants scored higher on all variables than male participants. We offer initial explanations for these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofra Walter
- Tel Hai, Kiryrat Shemona, Upper Gallile, Israel.
| | | | - Surekha Routray
- University Khorda Bhubaneswar, Orissa, Khurda, 751003, India
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Baudry AS, Delpuech M, Charton E, Hivert B, Carnot A, Ceban T, Dominguez S, Lemaire A, Aelbrecht-Meurisse C, Anota A, Christophe V. Association between emotional competence and risk of unmet supportive care needs in caregivers of cancer patients at the beginning of care. Support Care Cancer 2024; 32:302. [PMID: 38647710 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08510-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This cross-sectional study explored the associations between intrapersonal and interpersonal emotional competence (EC) and the unmet supportive care needs (SCN), anxiety, and depression of informal caregivers at the beginning of gastrointestinal or haematological cancer care, i.e. during chemotherapy and within 6 months after diagnosis. METHODS The participants completed a self-reported questionnaire, comprising the Short Profile of Emotional Competence (S-PEC), the SCN survey for partners and caregivers (SCNS-P&C), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Multivariate logistic regression models were performed to explore the influence of EC on unmet SCN and the presence of moderate/severe anxiety or depression. RESULTS Most of the 203 caregivers were women (n = 141, 69.80%) and the partners of patients (n = 148, 73.27%) suffering from gastrointestinal (n = 112, 55.17%) and haematological (n = 91, 44.83%) cancer. Only intrapersonal EC showed a significant influence out of all the dimensions of unmet SCN related to healthcare services and information (odds ratio (OR) = 0.35 [95%CI 0.19; 0.65]), emotional and psychological needs (OR = 0.43 [95%CI 0.25; 0.74]), work and social security (OR = 0.57 [95%CI 0.37; 0.88]), and communication and family support (OR = 0.61 [95%CI 0.39; 0.95]). A one-unit increase in the intrapersonal EC score significantly reduced the probability of anxiety (OR = 0.42, [95%CI 0.26; 0.68]) and depression (OR = 0.34, [95%CI 0.21; 0.55]). CONCLUSION Intrapersonal EC of caregivers is crucial to reduce the risk of unmet SCN, anxiety, and depression from the beginning of care. Identifying caregivers with lower intrapersonal EC may be necessary to increase vigilance from healthcare professionals and psychologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Baudry
- Pôle Cancérologie Et Spécialités Médicales, Centre Hospitalier de Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France.
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives Et Sciences Affectives, 59000, Lille, France.
- Human and Social Sciences Department, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
- Service d'oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de Valenciennes, Avenue Désandrouin - cs 50479, 59322, Valenciennes Cedex, France.
| | - Marion Delpuech
- Human and Social Sciences Department, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Emilie Charton
- Human and Social Sciences Department, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Benedicte Hivert
- Service d'Onco-Hématologie, Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, GHICL, Lille, France
| | - Aurelien Carnot
- Pôle d'oncologie médicale, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France
| | - Tatiana Ceban
- Service d'Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de Dunkerque, Dunkerque, France
| | - Sophie Dominguez
- Service d'Onco-Hématologie, Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, GHICL, Lille, France
| | - Antoine Lemaire
- Pôle Cancérologie Et Spécialités Médicales, Centre Hospitalier de Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France
| | | | - Amelie Anota
- Human and Social Sciences Department, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- The French National Platform Quality of Life and Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Veronique Christophe
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives Et Sciences Affectives, 59000, Lille, France
- Human and Social Sciences Department, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CRCL, UMR Mixte INSERM 1052-CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
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9
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Down MJA, Picknoll D, Hoyne G, Piggott B, Bulsara C. e-Delphi in the outdoors: Stakeholder contributions to the development of a wellbeing-focused outdoor adventure education intervention program. Health Promot J Austr 2024; 35:470-480. [PMID: 37434344 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Outdoor adventure education (OAE) (programs involving outdoor activities such as rock climbing or white-water canoeing) that participants perceive as risky, conducted in a social support setting, can be utilised by practitioners to elicit changes in educational and psychosocial outcomes to support participant adolescent wellbeing. METHODS This study garnered the opinions of an expert OAE panel on the content of future programs aiming to impact adolescent wellbeing. The panel consisted of local (Western Australia, n = 7), national (Australia, n = 4), and international (Canada, Germany, New Zealand, United Kingdom, United States, n = 7) experts. A two-round, mixed-methods Delphi approach was employed. Extensive formative work led to the development of a series of open-ended questions requiring qualitative responses for round one. Panellists were also asked to respond to 17 statements using Likert scales in the second round. RESULTS After analysis, a consensus was reached for all statements, with five statements having high consensus and being considered important by panellists. CONCLUSIONS The statement 'Equity for all participants requires flexible delivery and facilitation' had the highest level of agreement amongst panellists. Connections, authentic experiences, and equitable experiences developed as key themes. SO WHAT?: Future OAE interventions focused on wellbeing impact could use the findings of this research as a basis for program design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J A Down
- School of Health Sciences and Physiotherapy, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Duncan Picknoll
- School of Health Sciences and Physiotherapy, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Gerard Hoyne
- School of Health Sciences and Physiotherapy, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Ben Piggott
- School of Health Sciences and Physiotherapy, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Caroline Bulsara
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
- Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
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10
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Catrambone V, Zallocco L, Ramoretti E, Mazzoni MR, Sebastiani L, Valenza G. Integrative neuro-cardiovascular dynamics in response to test anxiety: A brain-heart axis study. Physiol Behav 2024; 276:114460. [PMID: 38215864 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Test anxiety (TA), a recognized form of social anxiety, is the most prominent cause of anxiety among students and, if left unmanaged, can escalate to psychiatric disorders. TA profoundly impacts both central and autonomic nervous systems, presenting as a dual manifestation of cognitive and autonomic components. While limited studies have explored the physiological underpinnings of TA, none have directly investigated the intricate interplay between the CNS and ANS in this context. In this study, we introduce a non-invasive, integrated neuro-cardiovascular approach to comprehensively characterize the physiological responses of 27 healthy subjects subjected to test anxiety induced via a simulated exam scenario. Our experimental findings highlight that an isolated analysis of electroencephalographic and heart rate variability data fails to capture the intricate information provided by a brain-heart axis assessment, which incorporates an analysis of the dynamic interaction between the brain and heart. With respect to resting state, the simulated examination induced a decrease in the neural control onto heartbeat dynamics at all frequencies, while the studying condition induced a decrease in the ascending heart-to-brain interplay at EEG oscillations up to 12Hz. This underscores the significance of adopting a multisystem perspective in understanding the complex and especially functional directional mechanisms underlying test anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Catrambone
- Neurocardiovascular Intelligence Laboratory, Department of Information Engineering & Bioengineering and Robotics Research Center E. Piaggio, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Zallocco
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Ramoretti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Mazzoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Sebastiani
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Institute of Information Science and Technologies A. Faedo, ISTI-CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gaetano Valenza
- Neurocardiovascular Intelligence Laboratory, Department of Information Engineering & Bioengineering and Robotics Research Center E. Piaggio, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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11
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Barr P. Relationships of nursing stress and trait emotional intelligence with mental health in neonatal intensive care unit nurses: A cross-sectional correlational study. Aust Crit Care 2024; 37:258-264. [PMID: 37709657 DOI: 10.1016/j.aucc.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a stressful and emotionally laden environment, but the relationships between nursing stress, emotional intelligence, and mental health have not been studied in NICU nurses. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to determine (i) whether nursing stress and trait emotional intelligence controlled for the five-factor model of personality predict mental health in NICU nurses and (ii) whether trait emotional intelligence buffers the effect of nursing stress on mental health. METHODS A cross-sectional correlational study in 123 (28%) of 440 eligible NICU nurses using self-report questionnaire measures of nursing stress (Nursing Stress Scale), trait emotional intelligence (Assessing Emotions Scale), and psychological distress and emotional well-being (Mental Health Inventory). The data were analysed using hierarchical multiple regression and moderation analyses. RESULTS The hierarchical multiple regressions showed nursing stress predicted psychological distress (ΔR2 = .11) and emotional well-being (ΔR2 = .10) at Step 1. The five-factor model of personality explained further variance in psychological distress (ΔR2 = .27) and emotional well-being (ΔR2 = .26) at Step 2. Finally, trait emotional intelligence predicted further increments in psychological distress (ΔR2 = .05) and emotional well-being (ΔR2 = .08) at Step 3. The optimism (expecting good things to occur in one's life) and mood regulation (dampening, repairing and maintaining emotions) subdimension of trait emotional intelligence predicted psychological distress (β = -.29) and emotional well-being (β = .41) in the final models of the hierarchical multiple regressions. Trait emotional intelligence did not moderate the effect of nursing stress on psychological distress or emotional well-being. CONCLUSIONS NICU managers and educators should seek to remedy controllable work-related stressors and support NICU nurses' emotional competence because these respective environmental and personal factors predict mental health in these nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Barr
- Grace Centre for Newborn Intensive Care, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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12
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Barberis N, Cannavò M, Cuzzocrea F, Saladino V, Verrastro V. "Illness perceptions and factors of distress as mediators between trait emotional intelligence and quality of life in endometriosis". PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:1818-1830. [PMID: 36747368 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2175878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Past findings highlighted the presence of distress symptoms and poor quality of life in people with endometriosis. Several studies showed that trait Emotional Intelligence (trait EI) is a key component of one's wellbeing, whilst Illness Perceptions may play an important role in psychological distress and perceived quality of life. The current study sought to test the hypothesis that an association between trait EI and Quality of Life in individuals with endometriosis would be mediated by Illness Perceptions, examining also the relations with General Distress (depression, anxiety, and stress). 364 women with endometriosis aged between 18 and 58 years old (M = 33.87; SD = 8.64) filled a protocol to assess Trait EI, Illness Perceptions, General Distress, and Quality of Life. Structural Equation Modelling was used to assess the relationship between the observed variables. Illness Perception was a mediator in the relationship between Trait EI, General Distress, and Quality of Life. Moreover, General Distress was a mediator between Trait EI and Quality of Life, and between Illness Perceptions and Quality of Life. Results showed that both Trait EI and Illness perceptions are key components for levels of distress and quality of life in women with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Barberis
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi MagnaGraecia di Catanzaro, viale Europa, Catanzaro (CZ), Italy
| | - Marco Cannavò
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi MagnaGraecia di Catanzaro, viale Europa, Catanzaro (CZ), Italy
| | - Francesca Cuzzocrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi MagnaGraecia di Catanzaro, viale Europa, Catanzaro (CZ), Italy
| | - Valeria Saladino
- Dipartimento di Scienze umane, sociali e della salute, Università degli studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, viale dell'Università, Cassino (FR), Italy
| | - Valeria Verrastro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi MagnaGraecia di Catanzaro, viale Europa, Catanzaro (CZ), Italy
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13
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Rahiman HU, Panakaje N, Kulal A, Harinakshi, Parvin SMR. Perceived academic stress during a pandemic: Mediating role of coping strategies. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16594. [PMID: 37287604 PMCID: PMC10232934 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 rampant has impacted almost all sections of society, and the repercussions were mostly negative experiences for people and have resulted by way of disruption in their daily routines. Academics is one such vital section that has suffered directly because of the inaccessibility of a comfortable educational procedure. Due to a shift in the form of education, most of the student community failed to obtain routine and regular education as the government entirely shuttered educational facilities to limit the spread of disease. In this light, this research attempted to examine the amount of academic stress experienced by students during the COVID-19 Pandemic and the strategies they have adopted to cope with this unheard type of uncertain situation. The findings of the study indicated substantial variations in Academic Stress, Exam Anxiety, and Coping Strategies across various demographic characteristics of the respondents. Another significant finding is that students from poor socio-economic backgrounds and those seeking post-graduate courses are more stressed. As an inference, it is also opined that to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on student performance and psychological well-being, special focus, or techniques for accommodating exam environments by the student should be implemented. To minimize stress, the study also proposed efficient coping techniques to lower the amount of stress in various academic tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niyaz Panakaje
- The Yenepoya Institute of Arts, Science, Commerce & Management, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, 575018, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Abhinandan Kulal
- Guest Faculty, Department of Commerce, University Evening College, Mangaluru, India
| | - Harinakshi
- Research Scholar, Institute of Management and Commerce, Srinivas University, Mangalore, India
| | - S M Riha Parvin
- Institute of Management and Commerce, Srinivas University, Mangalore, India
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14
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Janssen LM, Abbott KM. "It Hits Me Right Here at my Heart": Promoting Emotional Health of Home Care Workers. J Appl Gerontol 2023; 42:680-688. [PMID: 36305376 DOI: 10.1177/07334648221127690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Demand for home and community-based services continues to outpace employment of home care workers (HCWs) who provide this vital assistance. HCWs face challenges that contribute to inadequate staff retention. Of particular concern is the lack of research on HCWs' emotional health. This research describes facilitators and resources that support HCW emotional health. Qualitative descriptive interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of HCWs (n = 17) who were formally recognized for their success. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded in Dedoose. Thematic analysis revealed three facilitators of emotional health that HCWs link to their professional success: "right state of mind," practicing self-care, and a combined sense of appreciation and support. HCWs highlight specific, practicable resources that promote their emotional health. Policy implications connects low wages and benefits to HCW emotional health, and practice implications for enhancing training and support to retain these important workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah M Janssen
- Scripps Gerontology Center, 6403Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Katherine M Abbott
- Scripps Gerontology Center, Department of Sociology & Gerontology, 6403Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
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15
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Maamari BE, Salloum YN. The effect of high emotionally intelligent teachers on their teaching effectiveness at universities: the moderating effect of personality traits. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1108/ijem-12-2020-0565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to answer two basic research questions: “Does high emotional intelligence affect teaching effectiveness at universities?” and “What role do personality traits play in moderating that relationship?”Design/methodology/approachThe paper is a quantitative study using self-reporting questionnaires on 410 students and 32 faculty members. The resulting relationships and model fit are confirmed using SEM.FindingsThe paper shows the importance of high emotional intelligent teachers in universities to increase teaching effectiveness. The paper also shows that the personality traits of the teacher moderate this positive relationship.Research limitations/implicationsThe study uses students' responses. Students might negatively assess their professors for different purposes. This puts in question the reliability of student ratings, especially when taking into consideration students' mood.Practical implicationsThe paper makes two major recommendations to universities. The first recommendation is to hire emotionally intelligent teachers. The second recommendation is to conduct emotional intelligence workshops for existing teachers in order to improve their EI skills. Both recommendations will increase teaching effectiveness, therefore, better learning and a higher chance of better students' academic achievement, better teacher-student relationship, higher students' satisfaction and better university environment/teaching reputation.Originality/valueThe research model is tested for the first time in the Lebanese higher educational sector.
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16
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du Plessis M. Trait emotional intelligence and flourishing: The mediating role of positive coping behaviour. SA JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.4102/sajip.v49i0.2063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
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17
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Academics-Athletics Conflict and College Athletes' Well-Being: The Mediating Effect of Negative Emotions and the Moderating Effect of Life Motivation. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13020093. [PMID: 36829322 PMCID: PMC9952278 DOI: 10.3390/bs13020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
For college athletes who perform dual roles (student and athlete), the academics-athletics conflict is inevitable in daily life. Although existing studies have focused on the adverse effects of this conflict on the well-being of college athletes, they have not yet determined the underlying mechanism and effective measures to alleviate it. To explore the underlying mechanism of academics-athletics conflict, which affects the well-being of college athletes, we constructed a moderated mediating model to examine the critical role of negative emotions and life motivation in the relationship between them. The study randomly selected 802 college athletes from China to examine the relationships between academics-athletics conflict, negative emotions, eudaimonic motives, hedonic motives, and life satisfaction. The results showed that (1) negative emotions played an important mediating role between academics-athletics conflict and college athletes' life satisfaction, with more than 79% of the effect of academics-athletics conflict being achieved through negative emotions. (2) Eudaimonic motives significantly moderated the first half of the mediation path of negative emotions between academics-athletics conflict and life satisfaction. Individuals with high eudaimonic motives experienced fewer negative emotions in the medium and weak conflict conditions. (3) Hedonic motives had a significant moderating effect on the second half of the mediation path. Individuals with high hedonic motives had greater life satisfaction across negative emotion conditions. This study provides important insights for a comprehensive understanding and in-depth study of the relationship between conflict and the well-being of college athletes, as well as a reference for the quality-of-life enhancement and motivation development for college athletes.
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18
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Deng X, Chen J, Zhao Y. Mediation effects of positive and negative affect on the relationship between emotional intelligence and life satisfaction in rural school teachers. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1129692. [PMID: 37168427 PMCID: PMC10165092 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1129692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the ways in which the specific facets of trait emotional intelligence (EI), positive affect (PA), and negative affect (NA) influence individuals' general life satisfaction, especially in teachers. This study explored the effects of three facets of trait EI [appraisal and expression of emotions (AEE), utilization of emotion (UE), and regulation of emotions (RE)] and two typical affects (PA and NA) on teachers' general life satisfaction. The participants were 577 Chinese rural school teachers (ages 18-49 years) who completed three questionnaires-the Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test, Positive and Negative Affective scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale. After validating the scales, a structural equation modeling analysis showed that trait EI, PA, and NA had a significant and positive effect on teachers' general life satisfaction. PA played a partial mediating role between trait EI and life satisfaction. Furthermore, this study found that PA significantly and positively mediated the relationship between AEE, UE, RE, and life satisfaction. These results suggest that teachers with higher EI are more likely to have positive emotions, thereby enhancing their general life satisfaction, and that understanding the role of one's own and others' emotions and increasing positive emotions may be the key to improving teachers' general life satisfaction. Future implications and the study limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Deng
- National Institutes of Educational Policy Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiasheng Chen
- School of Social Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyang Zhao
- Department of Social Work, School of Sociology and Political Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yuyang Zhao,
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19
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Anagnostopoulos F, Paraponiari A, Kafetsios K. The Role of Pain Catastrophizing, Emotional Intelligence, and Pain Intensity in the Quality of Life of Cancer Patients with Chronic Pain. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2022:10.1007/s10880-022-09921-5. [PMID: 36342590 PMCID: PMC10390631 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-022-09921-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPain catastrophizing (PC) is a negative cognitive distortion to actual or anticipated pain. This study aims to investigate the relationship between pain catastrophizing, emotional intelligence, pain intensity, and quality of life (QoL) in cancer patients with chronic pain. Eighty-nine outpatients with chronic pain attending pain clinics and palliative care units were recruited. Participants were men (42.7%) and women (57.3%) with an average age of 56.44 years (SD = 14.82). Self-report psychological measures were completed, including a measure of emotional intelligence, a standard measure of PC, a scale assessing pain intensity, and a scale measuring QoL. The PC scale was found to assess three correlated yet different dimensions of pain catastrophizing (helplessness, magnification, and rumination). Moreover, as expected, patients with PC scale scores ≥ 30 had lower scores in functional QoL dimensions and higher scores in the fatigue, pain, and insomnia symptom dimensions. Regression analyses demonstrated that PC (B = − 0.391, p = 0.004), pain intensity (B = − 1.133, p < 0.001), and education (B = 2.915, p = 0.017) remained the only significant variables related to QoL, when controlling for demographic and clinical confounders. Regarding mediating effects, PC and pain intensity were jointly found to be significant mediators in the relationship between emotional intelligence and QoL. Results are discussed in the context of the clinical implications regarding interventions designed to improve cancer patients’ quality of life and offer new insight, understanding, and evaluation targets in the field of pain management.
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20
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Exploring the link between Turkish gifted children's perceptions of the gifted label and emotional intelligence competencies. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13742. [PMID: 35962128 PMCID: PMC9374757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study attempts to explore the relation between Turkish gifted children’s perceptions of the gifted label and their emotional intelligence competencies. We included 122 gifted children in this correlational study in the 2018–2019 academic year and collected the data using the Perceptions of Gifted Label Scale (PGLS) and the Emotional Intelligence Competencies Scale (EICS). In the analysis, we utilized descriptive statistics and calculated Pearson’s correlation coefficients between the variables. The mean age of the children was 11.5 years, and there was an equal number of girls and boys. The findings revealed that the children got almost average scores on all subscales of the PGLS. The results uncovered that self-perception of the gifted label was significantly correlated with friends’ and parents’ perceptions of the gifted label [r = 0.380, p < .01]. We found a significant negative relationship between the PGLS self-perception and the EICS self-consciousness. To put it more clearly, as having increased self-consciousness, they are likely to have decreased perception of being labeled decreases. . Our findings also seem noteworthy in suggesting a helpful conceptual framework for designing therapeutic interventions for gifted children, who are often considered more sensitive to social-emotional issues.
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21
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Wang Y, Wang Y. The Interrelationship Between Emotional Intelligence, Self-Efficacy, and Burnout Among Foreign Language Teachers: A Meta-Analytic Review. Front Psychol 2022; 13:913638. [PMID: 35837628 PMCID: PMC9274274 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.913638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of teachers' affective, cognitive, and motivational factors in students' academic achievement and well-being has been widely acknowledged. These factors are of great relevance, especially in the foreign language learning context wherein interaction between teachers and students is frequent and varies in forms. Though abundant evidence points to the high prevalence and risky factors of burnout among such a group, the extant literature lacks a quantitative synthesis of the interrelationship between emotional intelligence (EI), self-efficacy (SE), and burnout among them. This study aims to fill this research gap. The current meta-analysis is based on 42 independent samples with the experiences of 5,665 teachers reviewed. Results demonstrated moderate to large meta-correlations between these three constructs in the expected directions. EI and SE are positively correlated with each other, but negatively correlated with burnout. Moderation analysis also provides exploratory insights into the effects. Implications and future directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Wang
- Center for Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
- School of English Education, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
- Higher Education Mega Center, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangyu Wang
- School of Foreign Languages, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Martinez-Marin MD, Martínez C. Exploring subjective well-being trough gender and emotional intelligence. A mediational model ( Explorando el bienestar subjetivo a través del género y la inteligencia emocional. Un modelo mediacional). STUDIES IN PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02109395.2022.2056801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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23
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Extremera N, Rey L, Quintana-Orts C, Mérida-López S, Neto F. A 4-month prospective study of the relationship between emotional intelligence and suicide ideation in Spanish adolescents: The mediating role of positive and negative affect. DEATH STUDIES 2022; 47:509-513. [PMID: 35575182 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2022.2072019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This research examined the relationships among emotional intelligence, positive and negative affect, and suicide ideation between Spanish adolescents in a 4-month follow-up study. Adolescents (N = 1,174) from Southern Spain completed an emotional intelligence scale and, 4 months later, 818 of them completed scales measuring affect and suicide ideation. Mediation analyses revealed that both positive and negative affect were significant partial mediators of the prospective relationship between emotional intelligence and suicide ideation. Overall, our findings support the role of emotional intelligence in suicidal thoughts, suggesting that emotional intelligence may reduce suicide ideation in part through its effects on affectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalio Extremera
- Department of Social Psychology, Social Work, Social Anthropology and East Asian Studies, Faculty of Psychology, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Lourdes Rey
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Cirenia Quintana-Orts
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sergio Mérida-López
- Department of Social Psychology, Social Work, Social Anthropology and East Asian Studies, Faculty of Psychology, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Félix Neto
- Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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24
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Rosso AM. Ability Emotional Intelligence, Attachment Models, and Reflective Functioning. Front Psychol 2022; 13:864446. [PMID: 35586239 PMCID: PMC9108378 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.864446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported a significant positive association between ability emotional intelligence (EI) and attachment security. However, these studies may, to some extent, be misleading because they relied on self-report measures of attachment security. Furthermore, to our knowledge, no study has yet investigated the relationship between ability EI and mentalization, operazionalized as reflective functioning (RF), although EI and RF were assumed to be “conceptual cousins.” In an attempt to overcome some of the limitations of the previous research, the current study investigated the relationships between ability EI, attachment security, and mentalization measured via the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Ninety-three volunteer participants from an Italian community population (49.5% males), aged from 27 to 55 years (M = 39.44; SD = 6.84), took part in the study. Significant positive correlations were found between ability EI, attachment security, and RF. The results shed some light on the relationship between different attachment strategies and ability EI. Hyperactivating attachment strategies correlated negatively with ability EI, while the correlation between ability EI and attachment deactivating strategies depend on which defensive strategy is used: avoiding the painful emotional contact with the memory of unpleasant childhood attachment experiences positively correlated with experiential EI, whilst the resort to derogation of the attachment needs correlated with impairment in EI. Findings from the current study suggest that future studies in developmental psychology are needed to investigate the development of the ability EI in relation to the quality of the attachment models more in-depth.
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Relationship between emotional intelligence, personality, and self-perceived individual work performance: A cross-sectional study on the Swedish version of TEIQue-SF. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00753-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPeople with high emotional intelligence (EI) understand themselves and others well, and perform well at work. Trait EI has been described as “a constellation of emotion-related self-perceptions and dispositions” (Petrides and Furnham 2006), and can be measured by the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Short Form (TEIQue-SF). The aims were to validate the Swedish version of TEIQue-SF by (1) investigating its internal consistency; (2) exploring its relationships with “Big Six” and “Dark Triad” personality traits as well as with self-perceived individual work performance; and (3) identifying which personality traits best explain variations in Trait EI, and whether this trait can predict variations in work performance over and above personality traits. Multi-occupational employees in Sweden (N = 228; M = 34 years, SD = 12.6, range 16–71 years, 66% women) with an average work experience of 14 years (SD = 11.5) were surveyed. In line with past research, internal consistency of TEIQue-SF was good, for the global Trait EI scale score (.86), and for one of its subdimensions (Well-Being) (.81). Global trait EI scale score and its subscales correlated negatively with Neuroticism and Machiavellianism, and positively with Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness to Experience, and Narcissism. Sociability and Self-Control had, however, almost zero correlations with Machiavellianism. All subscales of global trait EI scale score correlated positively with Task Performance and Contextual Performance. On separate regression analyses, Big Six traits explained 48%, and Narcissism 14%, of the variation in global trait EI scale score. Trait EI accounted for a significantly larger proportion of the variation in Contextual Performance than any of the Big Six traits, and an additional 6% of the variation in Task Performance when controlling for gender, age, Neuroticism and Conscientiousness. The Swedish version of TEIQue-SF has good reliability as a global trait EI scale, reasonably theoretically and empirically grounded relationships with relevant variables for the workplace, and incremental validity over and above Big Six traits in predicting work performance in younger people with relatively high educational levels. Its reliability on the subscale level and its item functioning need to be further investigated in more heterogeneous samples.
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Pérez-Díaz PA, Manrique-Millones D, García-Gómez M, Vásquez-Suyo MI, Millones-Rivalles R, Fernández-Ríos N, Pérez-González JC, Petrides KV. Invariance of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Construct Across Clinical Populations and Sociodemographic Variables. Front Psychol 2022; 13:796057. [PMID: 35465547 PMCID: PMC9019920 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.796057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has shown that cultural, linguistic, and sociodemographic peculiarities influence the measurement of trait emotional intelligence (trait EI). Assessing trait EI in different populations fosters cross-cultural research and expands the construct’s nomological network. In mental health, the trait EI of clinical populations has been scarcely researched. Accordingly, the present study examined the relationship between trait EI and key sociodemographic variables on Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue-SF) datasets with mental healthcare patients from three different Spanish-speaking countries. Collectively, these datasets comprised 528 participants, 23% from Chile (120), 28% from Peru (150), and 49% from Spain (258). The sociodemographic variables we used for trait EI comparisons were gender, age, educational level, civil status, and occupational status. Analyses involved Multigroup Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling (to test measurement invariance) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Our results revealed significant between-country differences in trait EI across the studied sociodemographic variables and interactions between these variables. Measurement invariance across the datasets was attained up to the scalar level regarding gender and education (i.e., strong invariance), although analyses on age, civil status, and occupation displayed non-invariance. The resultant psychometric evidence supports the suitability of the TEIQue-SF for the accurate cross-cultural assessment of trait EI in mental health settings. It also highlights the importance of incorporating trait EI into extant psychotherapeutic frameworks to enhance non-pharmacological treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Alejandro Pérez-Díaz
- Institute of Psychology, Sede Puerto Montt, Austral University of Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
- *Correspondence: Pablo Alejandro Pérez-Díaz, ,
| | | | - María García-Gómez
- University Institute for Social Development and Sustainability (INDESS), Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | | | - Nataly Fernández-Ríos
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Juan-Carlos Pérez-González
- Emotional Education Laboratory (EDUEMO Lab), Faculty of Education, National University of Distance Education (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - K. V. Petrides
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- London Psychometric Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
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Loi NM, Pryce N. The Role of Mindful Self-Care in the Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Burnout in University Students. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 156:295-309. [PMID: 35303414 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2022.2045887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Academic burnout can have serious consequences for university students. Students are prone to higher levels of stress and depression, poorer academic performance, and attrition from university. It is therefore important to investigate factors associated with these deleterious outcomes in order to assist educators develop effective programs to proactively address student well-being. The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between emotional intelligence (EI), student well-being, mindful self-care (MSC), and academic burnout. A further aim was to investigate the mediating role of MSC in the EI-burnout relationship. A sample of 216 university students (167 females; 78%) 18 years and older (M = 35.57, SD = 11.59) completed a battery of questionnaires associated with life satisfaction, EI, MSC, and academic burnout. Results found that EI was positively associated with well-being and MSC and negatively associated with each dimension of academic burnout. A series of multiple regression mediation analyses found that MSC mediated the relationship between EI and the exhaustion and efficacy dimensions of academic burnout. However, MSC did not mediate the relationship between EI and cynicism. The findings of this study suggest that MSC may be an important factor for improving student well-being and protecting against academic burnout.
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Frías-Luque MD, Toledano-González A. Determinants of quality of life and well-being in cognitively unimpaired older adults: a systematic review. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12900. [PMID: 35186486 PMCID: PMC8841035 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is important to know the psychological variables that are related to quality of life and well-being in healthy elderly people. The main objective of the present review is to analyse which factors, through psychological variables, are determinant on the adaptive processes that acquire relevance in the last stage of life. DATA SOURCES An electronic search was conducted in WOS, Science Direct, PsycARTICLES, Psychology Database and Psycinfo. STUDY SELECTION The search terms used were derived from the combination of the following search string: (("Emotional Factors" OR "Emotional Effects") AND ("Emotional Intelligence" OR "Emotional Regulation") AND ("Quality of Life" OR "Personal Satisfaction") AND ("Healthy Old People" OR "Healthy Old Adults") AND ("Healthy Aging" OR "Successful Aging")). DATA EXTRACTION 11th April 2021. DATA SYNTHESIS In total, 13 articles were selected. CONCLUSIONS The articles showed the importance of social support, proactive coping strategies (emotional regulation) and emotional intelligence as key factors in the elderly population for their positive influence on variables such as quality of life and well-being. PROSPERO ID CRD42021224789
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abel Toledano-González
- Neurological Disabilities Research Institute, Albacete, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Castilla La Mancha, Talavera de la Reina, Toledo, Spain
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Sha J, Tang T, Shu H, He K, Shen S. Emotional Intelligence, Emotional Regulation Strategies, and Subjective Well-Being Among University Teachers: A Moderated Mediation Analysis. Front Psychol 2022; 12:811260. [PMID: 35082733 PMCID: PMC8785825 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.811260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the mediating role of emotional regulation strategies in the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and subjective well-being (SWB) among Chinese university teachers, and evaluate whether effort-reward imbalance moderated the mediating effect of emotional regulation strategies. A total of 308 Chinese university teachers were recruited for this study. The results showed that emotional regulation strategies played a partial mediating role in the relationship between EI and SWB. Moreover, an effort-reward imbalance moderated the relationship between emotional regulation strategies and SWB. For individuals with more balanced perceptions, EI had a significant effect on SWB via cognitive reappraisal, while for individuals with more imbalanced perceptions, EI did not have a significant effect on SWB via cognitive reappraisal. These findings provide a better understanding of the effects of EI and emotional regulation strategies on SWB, which could provide interventions for promoting SWB among teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrong Sha
- College of Educational Science and Technology, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of China's Ethnic Languages and Information Technology of Ministry of Education, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianqi Tang
- College of Educational Science and Technology, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Shu
- College of Educational Science and Technology, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kejian He
- Faculty of Law and Public Administration, College of Science and Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Sha Shen
- College of Educational Science and Technology, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
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Shaygan M, Bostanian P, Zarmehr M, Hassanipour H, Mollaie M. Understanding the relationship between parenting style and chronic pain in adolescents: a structural equation modelling approach. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:201. [PMID: 34952639 PMCID: PMC8709993 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00704-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the context of parenting has been incorporated into psychosocial pain research, very little attention has been paid to how parenting styles influence chronic pain in adolescents. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of self-esteem, emotional intelligence, and psychological distress in the association between parenting styles and chronic pain. METHOD Seven hundred and thirty nine adolescents and their parents participated in this study. To identify adolescents with chronic pain, screening questions based on the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases were used. Baumrind parenting style questionnaire was used to assess the parenting style (permissive, authoritarian, and authoritative parenting styles). The structural equation modelling (SEM) was carried out in M-Plus version 6 to evaluate the direct, indirect, and total effects of different parenting styles on chronic pain. RESULTS The results in the SEM models revealed that only the indirect paths from authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles to pain through emotional intelligence (βauthoritative = - 0.003, 95% CI = - 0.008 to - 0.003; βauthoritarian = 0.001, 95% CI = 0.001 to 0.003) and psychological distress (βauthoritative = - 0.010, 95% CI = - 0.021 to - 0.004; βauthoritarian = 0.008, 95% CI = 0.004 to 0.016) were significant. Indirect paths from permissive style to pain and the mediating role of self-esteem were not significant. DISCUSSION Emotional intelligence and psychological distress significantly mediated the effects of authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles on chronic pain. The current results support the notion that interventions targeting effective parent-adolescent communication may be an important part of chronic pain management in adolescents. Moreover, the results provide rationale for targeting emotional intelligence and psychological distress in adolescents by explicitly teaching effective communication skills, expressing opinions and minds, and emotion regulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shaygan
- Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 713451359, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Pardis Bostanian
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mina Zarmehr
- Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Hassanipour
- Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Mollaie
- Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Wilson-Mendenhall CD, Dunne JD. Cultivating Emotional Granularity. Front Psychol 2021; 12:703658. [PMID: 35027896 PMCID: PMC8751584 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.703658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging focus in affective science is the expertise that underlies healthy emotionality. A growing literature highlights emotional granularity - the ability to make fine-grained distinctions in one's affective feelings - as an important skill. Cross-sectional evidence indicating the benefits of emotional granularity raises the question of how emotional granularity might be intentionally cultivated through training. To address this question, we present shared theoretical features of centuries-old Buddhist philosophy and modern constructionist theory that motivate the hypothesis that contemplative practices may improve granularity. We then examine the specific mindfulness-style practices originating in Buddhist traditions that are hypothesized to bolster granularity. We conclude with future directions to empirically test whether emotional granularity can be intentionally cultivated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John D. Dunne
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Asian Languages and Cultures, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Xu X, Pang W, Xia M. Are emotionally intelligent people happier? A meta‐analysis of the relationship between emotional intelligence and subjective well‐being using Chinese samples. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Xu
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Weiguo Pang
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Mengya Xia
- Department of Psychology University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Alabama USA
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Pérez-Fernández A, Fernández-Berrocal P, Gutiérrez-Cobo MJ. The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Diabetes Management: A Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2021; 12:754362. [PMID: 34803836 PMCID: PMC8599587 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.754362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes has been associated with affective disorders which complicate the management of the disease. Emotional intelligence (EI), or the ability to perceive, facilitate, understand, and regulate emotions, has shown to be a protective factor of emotional disorders in general population. The main objective of this study was to systematically review the role of the EI construct in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetics and to observe how EI is related to biological and psychological variables. Comprehensive searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, and Cochrane without time limitations, for studies examining the link between diabetes and EI. A total of 12 eligible studies were selected according to the inclusion criteria. We divided the results into four sections: (1) EI and hemoglobin glycosylated (HbA1c), (2) EI training effects, (3) differences in EI between persons with diabetes and without diabetes, and (4) EI and psychological adjustment and well-being. The results showed negative correlations between EI and HbA1c, positive effects of EI training on quality of life, anxiety, and glycemic control, no differences in EI between people with diabetes and healthy individuals, and, finally, negative correlations between EI and different psychological variables such as diabetes-related anxiety and distress, and positive correlations with quality of life, well-being, and marital satisfaction. This systematic review offers a starting point for a theoretical and practical understanding of the role played by EI in the management of diabetes and reveals that EI is a promising protective factor for biological and psychological variables in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Pérez-Fernández
- Department of Basic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - María José Gutiérrez-Cobo
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Somaa F, Asghar A, Hamid PF. Academic Performance and Emotional Intelligence with Age and Gender as Moderators: A Meta-analysis. Dev Neuropsychol 2021; 46:537-554. [PMID: 34755586 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2021.1999455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Emotional intelligence has been considered an important construct by schools and universities because of its theoretical importance and practical implications. Considerable resources and time have been spent by the educational institutions to develop the emotional skills of their students. The present meta-analysis aimed at studying the relationship of emotional intelligence, including its three theoretical models, with academic performance while accounting for age and gender as moderators. "Robumeta" package was used for the meta-analysis of multilevel random effects with robust variance estimation (RVE) in R version 4.0.3. Effect sizes were calculated and meta-regression analysis with RVE was used to assess the relationship with the moderator variables. A positive and significant overall relationship was found between emotional intelligence and academic performance (ρ = 0.19). The moderating effect of emotional intelligence with gender streams on emotional intelligence and academic performance's relationship was examined through meta-regression with robust variance estimation and sub-group analyses. Whereas the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic performance was not found to be moderated by age, it was found to be partially mediated by gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Somaa
- Occupational Therapy Department, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andleeb Asghar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical & Allied Health Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy, Lahore College for Women University, Pakistan.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Koçak O. Does Emotional Intelligence Increase Satisfaction with Life during COVID-19? The Mediating Role of Depression. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1529. [PMID: 34828575 PMCID: PMC8620060 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9111529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has spread rapidly and become a health crisis around the world, and negatively affected the mental state of individuals. Emotional intelligence (EI) can play an important role in coping with the mental problems experienced due to the pandemic. This study examined how individuals' emotional intelligence levels affect depression and satisfaction with life during the COVID-19 period. The study was designed as quantitative and cross-sectional and reached 578 adult participants online. Emotional intelligence trait scale-short form, depression subscale (DASS-21), satisfaction with life scale, and sociodemographic questions as control variables were used as data collection tools in the study. The data obtained were conducted using SPSS 24, PROCESS-Macro, and Amos 25 statistical programs. The hypotheses established were tested by correlation, multiple regression, mediating, and moderating analyzes. Results confirmed that emotional intelligence had a positive association with satisfaction with life and a negative association with depression. In addition, interaction analyses found that age and family type had a moderating effect on satisfaction with life, and depression had a mediating effect. After discussing the importance of emotional intelligence as a coping mechanism in dealing with problems, some suggestions were made to policymakers and practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Koçak
- Department of Social Work, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
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Edge D, Newbold A, Ehring T, Rosenkranz T, Frost M, Watkins ER. Reducing worry and rumination in young adults via a mobile phone app: study protocol of the ECoWeB (Emotional Competence for Well-Being in Young Adults) randomised controlled trial focused on repetitive negative thinking. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:519. [PMID: 34674669 PMCID: PMC8532278 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Promoting well-being and preventing poor mental health in young people is a major global priority. Building emotional competence skills via a mobile app may be an effective, scalable and acceptable way to do this. A particular risk factor for anxiety and depression is elevated worry and rumination (repetitive negative thinking, RNT). An app designed to reduce RNT may prevent future incidence of depression and anxiety. METHOD/DESIGN The Emotional Competence for Well-Being in Young Adults study developed an emotional competence app to be tested via randomised controlled trials in a longitudinal prospective cohort. This off-shoot study adapts the app to focus on targeting RNT (worry, rumination), known risk factors for poor mental health. In this study, 16-24 year olds in the UK, who report elevated worry and rumination on standardised questionnaires are randomised to (i) receive the RNT-targeting app immediately for 6 weeks (ii) a waiting list control who receive the app after 6 weeks. In total, the study will aim to recruit 204 participants, with no current diagnosis of major depression, bipolar disorder or psychosis, across the UK. Assessments take place at baseline (pre-randomisation), 6 and 12 weeks post-randomisation. Primary endpoint and outcome for the study is level of rumination assessed on the Rumination Response Styles Questionnaire at 6 weeks. Worry, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and well-being are secondary outcomes. Compliance, adverse events and potentially mediating variables will be carefully monitored. DISCUSSION This trial aims to better understand the benefits of tackling RNT via an mobile phone app intervention in young people. This prevention mechanism trial will establish whether targeting worry and rumination directly via an app provides a feasible approach to prevent depression and anxiety, with scope to become a widescale public health strategy for preventing poor mental health and promoting well-being in young people. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT04950257 . Registered 6 July 2021 - Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Edge
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024Mood Disorders Centre, School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4LN UK
| | - Alexandra Newbold
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024Mood Disorders Centre, School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4LN UK
| | | | | | | | - Edward R. Watkins
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024Mood Disorders Centre, School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4LN UK
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Developing Emotional and Social Competencies in Children: Evaluating the Impact of a Classroom-Based Program. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08295735211051825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between Emotional Intelligence (EI) and numerous positive outcomes has sparked considerable interest from educators and researchers in training and promoting various emotional and social competencies in youth. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of a new school-based program for elementary school students designed to develop various EI-related competencies in children—the “Umbrella Project.” Five hundred and twenty-nine students (44% boys) who attended six schools in the Waterloo, Ontario area, completed a self-report measure of EI before and after participating in the unique training program. Total EI and a majority of EI subscales showed significant improvement from pretest to post test. Girls also showed higher total EI and interpersonal scores regardless of assessment session. The results are very encouraging and suggest regular classroom-based resources and curriculum activities can foster the development of a cross-section of emotional and social competencies.
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Sergi MR, Picconi L, Tommasi M, Saggino A, Ebisch SJH, Spoto A. The Role of Gender in the Association Among the Emotional Intelligence, Anxiety and Depression. Front Psychol 2021; 12:747702. [PMID: 34671302 PMCID: PMC8521077 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.747702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent epidemiological data show an increase of depression and anxiety that cause a loss of about 3-4% of the gross domestic product in Europe, as a consequence of a reduced productivity and a premature death of people. Gender differences in both psychopathologies were found from mid-to-late adolescence until 55 years, and data indicate an increase of depression in women. Considering these data, new interventions focused on promoting psychological well-being were designed. A predictive factor of psychological disorders is Emotional Intelligence (EI), the ability to understand and regulate our own emotions, as well as those of others. EI is associated with psychological well-being, as well as with the treatment of mental illness, but gender differences in the association among EI, anxiety and depression remains unclear. The present study aims at analyzing the nomological associations among EI, anxiety and depression. Furthermore, the possible moderating role of gender in the relation between EI, depression and anxiety is investigated in a sample of 1725 healthy participants. Our results show that the ability to recognize and to control emotions in the social context helps us to reduce the risk to be affected by depression and anxiety. Moreover, our study shows that the association of EI with anxiety and depression wasn't gender moderated. In conclusion, the findings highlight that EI can help people to manage emotions linked to negative events and to successfully understand emotions in others. In addition, we found no moderation role of gender in the association between EI, anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita Sergi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University of G.’ d’Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Picconi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University of G.’ d’Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Tommasi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University of G.’ d’Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Aristide Saggino
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University of G.’ d’Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Spoto
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Górriz AB, Etchezahar E, Pinilla-Rodríguez DE, Giménez-Espert MDC, Soto-Rubio A. Validation of TMMS-24 in Three Spanish-Speaking Countries: Argentina, Ecuador, and Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9753. [PMID: 34574687 PMCID: PMC8469647 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Emotional intelligence (EI) is a fundamental skill related to different aspects of human life, such as psychological well-being or mood states. The present study has a triple objective: first, to explore the psychometric properties of the TMMS-24 in three Spanish-speaking countries (Argentina, Ecuador, and Spain); second, to examine the relation of EI with mood and avoidance of responsibility; and finally, to analyse the influence of sex, age and national differences on EI. The relevance of this study is given by the need for tools to assess EI in different cultures. A sample of 1048 adults (Mage = 21.11 years, SD = 5.84; 52.3% male) was selected by convenience sampling. The psychometric properties of the TMMS-24 were adequate, and the Spanish sample showed lower levels of EI than the Argentinian and Ecuadorian ones. EI was associated with mood and the avoidance of responsibility, with higher levels in women in all cases. Regarding the national and sex-specific differences, the Spanish sample showed significant differences in attention and repair, with men exhibiting higher scores in attention and women having higher scores in repair. In the Argentinean sample, no significant differences were found, and in the Ecuadorian one, women presented higher scores in attention than men. The TMMS-24 can be considered a useful, practical tool to assess EI in adults in different cultures and with different languages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Górriz
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Edgardo Etchezahar
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1417, Argentina
| | - Diego E Pinilla-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Political and Administrative Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Chimborazo 060110, Ecuador
| | | | - Ana Soto-Rubio
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Mediating Role of Moral Disengagement between Emotional Manipulation and Psychological Well-Being: Does Age Matter? Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:bs11090117. [PMID: 34562955 PMCID: PMC8472824 DOI: 10.3390/bs11090117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: When people hone their emotional skills, they become better at manipulating others. They use their emotional skills for coping with the demands of life. This study investigated the mediating role of moral disengagement between emotional manipulation and psychological well-being. Further, the moderating role of age is tested for the mediation model of the study. Methods: This study has a cross-sectional design. Participants included students from private and public institutions (n = 542; Mean age = 18.59 years, SD = 2.10 years; gender = 46% males). Responses were collected on emotional manipulation, moral disengagement, and psychological well-being questionnaires. Analyses were conducted using SPSS 21 and PROCESS 3.1. Results: The correlation analysis showed that both in late adolescents and young adults, moral disengagement negatively correlated with psychological well-being. However, the correlation is much stronger for young adults as compared to late adolescents. Similarly, emotional manipulation has a stronger positive correlation with moral disengagement in young adults compared to late adolescents. Results also showed that moral disengagement and emotional manipulation is higher in males than females, and psychological well-being is higher in females than males. Moral disengagement appeared to be a negative mediator for the relationship between emotional manipulation and psychological well-being. Further, age moderated the indirect effect of emotional manipulation on psychological well-being through moral disengagement. The moderation of age suggests that young adults are more inclined toward moral disengagement behaviors for manipulating emotions in comparison to late adolescents. Conclusions: It is concluded that use of emotional manipulation is associated with a direct increase in psychological well-being; however, indirect emotional manipulation decreases psychological well-being, with an increased use of moral disengagement. Moreover, this indirect effect is stronger in young adults compared to late adolescents, as young adults are more inclined toward moral disengagement.
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Berg M, Talvio M, Hietajärvi L, Benítez I, Cavioni V, Conte E, Cuadrado F, Ferreira M, Košir M, Martinsone B, Ornaghi V, Raudiene I, Šukyte D, Talić S, Lonka K. The Development of Teachers' and Their Students' Social and Emotional Learning During the "Learning to Be Project"-Training Course in Five European Countries. Front Psychol 2021; 12:705336. [PMID: 34484059 PMCID: PMC8414967 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.705336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the school curricula in many European countries have introduced social and emotional learning (SEL). This calls for the teachers to have SEL competencies. The present study evaluates teachers' and their students' readiness for SEL during an intervention in five European countries. The participants were teachers (n = 402) in five European countries; Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovenia, and Spain. The pre- and post-measuring points for both the intervention and the comparison group were at approximately the same time before and after the intervention. Comparison data consisted of 159 teachers in the same countries. The training for the intervention group lasted 16 h for the teachers and a maximum of 16 h for the principles and headmasters. An additional 9 h of further monitoring took place. There were two student groups participating in the study: the age group of 8-11 years (pre puberty) and the age group of 12-15-years (adolescents). Students, whose teachers had participated in the intervention, formed the intervention group (n = 2,552). Those students, whose teachers did not participate in the intervention, formed the comparison group (n = 1,730). The questionnaire data were collected at the beginning and at the end of the school year for both age groups. The results indicated that there was a favorable development in the intervention group in some of the measured skills among students, but the effects were different for the two age groups. This study adds to both theoretical and practical development of continuing teacher training about SEL and its possible role in reducing problem behavior among the students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Berg
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Talvio
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Hietajärvi
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Isabel Benítez
- Department of Methodology for Behavioural Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Valeria Cavioni
- “Riccardo Massa” Department of Human Sciences for Education, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Conte
- “Riccardo Massa” Department of Human Sciences for Education, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francisco Cuadrado
- Department of Communication and Education, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | - Marco Ferreira
- Higher Institute of Education and Sciences (ISEC), Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | - Veronica Ornaghi
- “Riccardo Massa” Department of Human Sciences for Education, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Irena Raudiene
- Education Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Daiva Šukyte
- Social and Emotional Learning Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Kirsti Lonka
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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Nook EC. Emotion Differentiation and Youth Mental Health: Current Understanding and Open Questions. Front Psychol 2021; 12:700298. [PMID: 34421752 PMCID: PMC8377228 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.700298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research identifies emotion differentiation-the ability to specifically identify one's emotions-as a key skill for well-being. High emotion differentiation is associated with healthier and more effective regulation of one's emotions, and low emotion differentiation has been documented in several forms of psychopathology. However, the lion's share of this research has focused on adult samples, even though approximately 50% of mental disorders onset before age 18. This review curates what we know about the development of emotion differentiation and its implications for youth mental health. I first review published studies investigating how emotion differentiation develops across childhood and adolescence, as well as studies testing relations between emotion differentiation and mental health in youth samples. Emerging evidence suggests that emotion differentiation actually falls across childhood and adolescence, a counterintuitive pattern that merits further investigation. Additionally, several studies find relations between emotion differentiation and youth mental health, but some instability in results emerged. I then identify open questions that limit our current understanding of emotion differentiation, including (i) lack of clarity as to the valid measurement of emotion differentiation, (ii) potential third variables that could explain relations between emotion differentiation and mental-health (e.g., mean negative affect, IQ, personality, and circularity with outcomes), and (iii) lack of clear mechanistic models regarding the development of emotion differentiation and how it facilitates well-being. I conclude with a discussion of future directions that can address open questions and work toward interventions that treat (or even prevent) psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik C. Nook
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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Martínez-Monteagudo MC, Inglés CJ, Suriá R, Lagos N, Delgado B, García-Fernández JM. Emotional intelligence profiles and self-concept in Chilean adolescents. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Walter O, Shenaar-Golan V, Routray S. Cross-Cultural Comparison of How Mind-Body Practice Affects Emotional Intelligence, Cognitive Well-Being, and Mental Well-Being. Front Psychol 2021; 12:588597. [PMID: 34335347 PMCID: PMC8320892 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.588597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study tested cross-cultural differences between Israeli and Indian participants in the outcomes of mind-body practice (MBP) on emotional intelligence (EI), cognitive well-being, and mental well-being, as well as the predictive role of gender and MBP on cognitive and mental well-being. It drew on a sample of 699 Indian and Israeli participants (ages 18–65) from urban settings and used questionnaires to measure cognitive well-being, demographics, EI, and mental well-being. EI was assessed using the Self Report Emotional Intelligence (SREIT); cognitive well-being was assessed using the Personal Well-being Index; mental well-being was assessed using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS). The effect of demographic variables was tested using the two-sample T-test or the Chi-square test. The associations between EI, mental, and cognitive subscales were evaluated using the Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression with stepwise selection. Results indicated MBP affected EI in both cultures, but Indian participants showed higher EI, and Israeli participants showed lower EI. Israelis also reported higher mental well-being. Future research should examine EI as ability (we examined it as a trait) thus contributing to a better understanding of the similarities and differences between trait and ability EI in different cultures. Future work should also probe gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofra Walter
- Education Department and Social Work Department, Tel Hai Academic College, Qiryat Shemona, Israel
| | - Vered Shenaar-Golan
- Social Work Department Tel Hai Academic College, Qiryat Shemona, Israel.,University Khorda Orissa, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Surekha Routray
- Head- Social Impact & CSR KIIT-TBI, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
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45
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Sun W, Zheng Z, Jiang Y, Tian L, Fang P. Does Goal Conflict Necessarily Undermine Wellbeing? A Moderated Mediating Effect of Mixed Emotion and Construal Level. Front Psychol 2021; 12:653512. [PMID: 34149538 PMCID: PMC8206492 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.653512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Development occurs through the process of setting and working toward goals, in which individuals are often working toward multiple goals that are likely to conflict with one another. Although motivation theories hold that goal conflict is a kind of potential stress that may damage individuals' mental health and wellbeing, the empirical research results on the relationship between goal conflict and wellbeing are quite different. There may be unknown factors affecting the relationship between the two. Against this background, we conducted the exploration of the relationship between goal conflict and life satisfaction, mainly by analyzing the moderated mediating effect of mixed emotions and construal level. The results showed that the goal conflict did not directly affect life satisfaction (β = -0.01, p > 0.5) but indirectly influenced life satisfaction through mixed emotions (β = -0.17, p < 0.001). The construal level moderated the relationship between mixed emotions and life satisfaction (β = -0.08, p < 0.01), and the higher construal level will predict higher life satisfaction especially when mixed emotions were low (M - SD) or medium (M). Therefore, the hypothesis of moderated mediating effect is verified, and we can draw the following conclusions: (1) Goal conflict does not necessarily impair life satisfaction. (2) Goal conflict impairs life satisfaction conditional on the fact that it triggers mixed emotions. Since mixed emotions are often accompanied by feelings of ambivalence and discomfort, they reduce the individual's evaluation of life satisfaction. (3) In the path of goal conflict reducing life satisfaction through mixed emotions, the higher construal level mitigates the adverse effects of mixed emotions to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujun Sun
- Faculty of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeqing Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Department of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Fang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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Chen WY, Wang S, Peng X, Zhu Y. Trait emotional intelligence and quality of life among breast cancer patients: The mediating role of fear of cancer recurrence. Int J Nurs Pract 2021; 28:e12953. [PMID: 34018276 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trait emotional intelligence and fear of cancer recurrence could predict quality of life, but the mechanism between the three is poorly understood. METHODS The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between trait emotional intelligence, fear of cancer recurrence and quality of life in patients with breast cancer. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 215 breast cancer patients recruited from two hospitals in China. Data were collected from December 2018 to April 2019. Questionnaires measured demographic and medical characteristics, trait emotional intelligence, fear of cancer recurrence and quality of life. Pearson correlation analysis and structural equation modelling were conducted to analyse the data. RESULTS As expected, trait emotional intelligence was positively related to quality of life and negatively correlated with fear of cancer recurrence. Fear of cancer recurrence was negatively associated with quality of life. This relationship between trait emotional intelligence and quality of life was mediated by fear of cancer recurrence. CONCLUSIONS These results shed light on underlying mechanisms by which trait emotional intelligence affects quality of life. Trait emotional intelligence training could reduce fear of cancer recurrence to improve quality of life for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yu Chen
- Nursing Department, Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang, China.,College of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Peng
- College of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- CPC Committee, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Sanchez-Ruiz MJ, Tadros N, Khalaf T, Ego V, Eisenbeck N, Carreno DF, Nassar E. Trait Emotional Intelligence and Wellbeing During the Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Meaning-Centered Coping. Front Psychol 2021; 12:648401. [PMID: 34054650 PMCID: PMC8155707 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating the COVID-19 pandemic from a psychological point of view have mostly focused on psychological distress. This study adopts the framework of existential positive psychology, a second wave of positive psychology that emphasizes the importance of effective coping with the negative aspects of living in order to achieve greater wellbeing. Trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) can be crucial in this context as it refers to emotion-related personality dispositions concerning the understanding and regulation of one's emotions and those of others. The present study investigated the relationship between trait EI and both wellbeing and psychological distress (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress), while exploring the mediating role of meaning-centered coping (proactive transformative strategies based on meaning in life) and maladaptive coping (i.e., behavioral disengagement and self-blame) during the first few months of the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of 326 Lebanese adults completed measures of trait EI, wellbeing, psychological distress, coping, and meaning-centered coping. Results showed a strong positive correlation between trait EI and meaning-centered coping. Trait EI also correlated positively with wellbeing and negatively with psychological distress. Structural equation modeling showed that meaning-centered coping partially mediated the relationship between trait EI and wellbeing. Maladaptive coping fully mediated the relationship between trait EI and psychological distress. Findings indicate that trait EI is positively related to dealing with a stressful situation such as the pandemic in positive ways at both the cognitive level, by reformulating the situation to see something valuable in it, and behavioral level, by being proactive about it. Trait EI was positively linked to seeing the situation as an opportunity for personal growth, finding personal meaning in this situation, maintaining an attitude of hope and courage, and acting more responsibly with one's self and others during the current crisis. In turn, this coping formula was related to lower psychological distress and improved mental health. These results are consistent with the existential positive psychology framework and can inform implementation programs and policies aiming at raising awareness and promoting healthy and successful coping during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalie Tadros
- Department of Psychology, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Tatiana Khalaf
- Department of Psychology, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Veronica Ego
- Department of Psychology, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | | | | | - Elma Nassar
- Graduate Studies and Research Office, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
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Cui Z, Li Y. The Relationship Between Proactive Behavior and Work-Family Conflict: A Moderated Mediation Model. Front Psychol 2021; 12:657863. [PMID: 34012414 PMCID: PMC8126634 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.657863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the linking mechanisms and conditional processes underlying the relationship between proactive behavior and work-family conflict. Considering the conservation of resources theory, we argue that workplace anxiety mediates the relationship between proactive behavior and work-family conflict. Furthermore, we suggest that immediate supervisor perspective taking and employee emotional intelligence moderate this proposed indirect effect. Two-wave, multisource lagged data were collected from 450 employees of seven domestic Chinese firms to examine the hypothesized moderated mediation model. Our findings support the hypothesis that proactive behavior is positively related to work-family conflict and that workplace anxiety partially mediates this relationship. Immediate supervisor perspective taking moderates the positive association of proactive behavior with workplace anxiety and the indirect relationship between proactive behavior and work-family conflict through workplace anxiety. Emotional intelligence moderates the positive association of proactive behavior with workplace anxiety and the indirect relationship between proactive behavior and work-family conflict through workplace anxiety. The results deepen our theoretical understanding of the consequences of proactivity by demonstrating the positive associations between proactive behavior and work-family conflict. The current study also contributes to the literature by identifying workplace anxiety as a mediating mechanism explaining the relationship between proactivity and work-family conflict. Furthermore, supervisor perspective taking and employee emotional intelligence moderate the above mediating effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Cui
- Department of Human Resource Management, Yatai College of Business Administration, Jilin University of Finance and Economics, Changchun, China.,Department of Public Service Management, College of Economics and Management, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Yuyin Li
- Department of Public Relations, College of Economics and Management, Dali University, Dali, China
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Sung M, Ha NH, Lee US, Yang H. A cross-sectional study on the relationship between meditation training and emotional intelligence in women. Nurs Open 2021; 8:1063-1068. [PMID: 34482661 PMCID: PMC8046103 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We aimed to reveal the relationship of meditation with emotional intelligence (EI), sleep quality and melatonin level. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS Our current research was performed on middle-aged women. EI scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and night-time saliva melatonin were measured for 65 participants including 33 meditators and 32 controls. RESULTS The meditation group showed a significantly higher EI score than the control group. In the regression analysis between EI and age, only the meditation group showed a significant positive correlation. The Pearson correlation analysis among all participants revealed a significant negative correlation between PSQI and EI. There was no significant group difference in the melatonin and PSQI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Na Hyun Ha
- Department of Brain‐based Emotion CoachingGlobal Cyber UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Ul Soon Lee
- Department of Brain Education ConvergenceGlobal Cyber UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Hyun‐Jeong Yang
- Korea Institute of Brain ScienceSeoulKorea
- Department of Integrative Health CareUniversity of Brain EducationCheonanKorea
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50
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Socio-Emotional Skills as Predictors of Performance of Students: Differences by Gender. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13094807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Socio-emotional skills seem to have an important influence on the academic performance of students. This performance is usually higher in girls than in boys. Our aim was to determine which socio-emotional skills influence academic performance and whether gender is a variable that can explain these differences. The results indicated that the socio-emotional skills of adolescents were high, highlighting self-awareness, relationship management, and decision-making. The lowest scores were in social awareness and self-management. Girls obtained higher grades, and students with higher grades had a higher level of social-emotional skills, except in self-management, where there were no differences. Self-management was greater in boys and relationship management was greater in girls. Students who failed did not differ from those who obtained very high results, except in decision-making. Overall, decision-making appeared to be the most important variable in students’ academic performance. Therefore, it would be necessary to design strategies that promote this ability in students. Hence, the adoption of active and collaborative methodologies that facilitate the achievement of this goal is suggested.
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