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Bruce TJ, Trettin CC, Noel ZA, Chow AT, Warden K, Roghair C, Farmer TM. A case study of epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) caused by Aphanomyces invadans in eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) from the headwaters of Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024; 47:e13895. [PMID: 38031507 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Bruce
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Carl C Trettin
- Center for Forest Watershed Research, USDA Forest Service, Cordesville, South Carolina, USA
| | - Zachary A Noel
- Entomology and Plant Pathology Department, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Alex T Chow
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kylie Warden
- Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Craig Roghair
- Center for Aquatic Technology Transfer, USDA Forest Service, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Troy M Farmer
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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Ho DT, Kim N, Lee Y, Yun D, Sung M, Mansour EM, Pradhan PK, Sood N, Kim WS, Park CI, Kim KH, Kim DH. Development of a rapid and sensitive real-time diagnostic assay to detect and quantify Aphanomyces invadans, the causative agent of epizootic ulcerative syndrome. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286553. [PMID: 37319186 PMCID: PMC10270590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The oomycete Aphanomyces invadans causes epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), a World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH)-listed disease that has seriously impacted a wide range of fish worldwide. Currently, only three conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays are recommended for the detection of A. invadans. The robust quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay has recently become more important due to its highly accurate nature and the applicability of qPCR-based environmental DNA (eDNA) detection in the monitoring of pathogens in aquatic environments. Therefore, in this study, we developed a novel TaqMan probe-based qPCR method to sensitively and quantitatively detect A. invadans. The assay limit of detection was determined using 10-fold serial dilutions of linearized A. invadans plasmid. Assay sensitivity was assessed in the presence of interfering substances and compared to three WOAH-listed primers using the mycelia and zoospores of A. invadans with and without fish muscle tissue. The assay specificity was also theoretically and experimentally assessed against other oomycetes, fish muscle tissue, and water samples. The assay's repeatability and reproducibility were determined. In this study, the limit of detection of the developed assay was 7.24 copies of A. invadans genomic DNA per reaction (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.75 to 19.05 copies/reaction). The assay showed the same sensitivity in the presence of other substances. Compared to the WOAH-recommended PCR assays, this assay had 10-times higher sensitivity for all tested samples. There were no cross-reactions with other closely related oomycetes, fish muscle, or water samples, indicating that the assay was highly specific for A. invadans. The repeatability and reproducibility tests showed little variation, ranging from 0.1-0.9% and 0.04-1.1%, respectively, indicating the high consistency, repeatability, and reliability of the developed assay. This highly rapid, sensitive, specific, and consistent EUS qPCR assay would be of importance in transboundary disease management and the monitoring of pathogens in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diem Tho Ho
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nameun Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonhang Lee
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongbin Yun
- PCR Reagent Development Group, Bioneer Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - MinJi Sung
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - El-Matbouli Mansour
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - P. K. Pradhan
- Fish Health Management and Exotics, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neeraj Sood
- Fish Health Management and Exotics, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Wi-Sik Kim
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Il Park
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hong Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Sarkar P, Stefi Raju V, Kuppusamy G, Rahman MA, Elumalai P, Harikrishnan R, Arshad A, Arockiaraj J. Pathogenic fungi affecting fishes through their virulence molecules. AQUACULTURE 2022; 548:737553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
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Current practices and emerging possibilities for reducing the spread of oomycete pathogens in terrestrial and aquatic production systems in the European Union. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Martín-Torrijos L, Martínez-Ríos M, Casabella-Herrero G, Adams SB, Jackson CR, Diéguez-Uribeondo J. Tracing the origin of the crayfish plague pathogen, Aphanomyces astaci, to the Southeastern United States. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9332. [PMID: 33927290 PMCID: PMC8085144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88704-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The oomycete Aphanomyces astaci is an emerging infectious pathogen affecting freshwater crayfish worldwide and is responsible for one of the most severe wildlife pandemics ever reported. The pathogen has caused mass mortalities of freshwater crayfish species in Europe and Asia, and threatens other susceptible species in Madagascar, Oceania and South America. The pathogen naturally coexists with some North American crayfish species that are its chronic carriers. Presumptions that A. astaci originated in North America are based on disease outbreaks that followed translocations of North American crayfish and on the identification of the pathogen mainly in Europe. We studied A. astaci in the southeastern US, a center of freshwater crayfish diversity. In order to decipher the origin of the pathogen, we investigated (1) the distribution and haplotype diversity of A. astaci, and (2) whether there are crayfish species-specificities and/or geographical restrictions for A. astaci haplotypes. A total of 132 individuals, corresponding to 19 crayfish species and one shrimp species from 23 locations, tested positive for A. astaci. Mitochondrial rnnS and rnnL sequences indicated that A. astaci from the southeastern US exhibited the highest genetic diversity so far described for the pathogen (eight haplotypes, six of which we newly describe). Our findings that A. astaci is widely distributed and genetically diverse in the region supports the hypothesis that the pathogen originated in the southeastern US. In contrast to previous assumptions, however, the pathogen exhibited no clear species-specificity or geographical patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martín-Torrijos
- Department of Mycology, Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Martínez-Ríos
- Department of Mycology, Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Susan B Adams
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, 1000 Front Street, Oxford, MS, 38655, USA
| | - Colin R Jackson
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
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Molecular identification of oomycete species affecting aquaculture in Bangladesh. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Li Z, Wang G, Zhang K, Gong W, Yu E, Tian J, Xie J, Yu D. Epizootic ulcerative syndrome causes cutaneous dysbacteriosis in hybrid snakehead ( Channa maculata♀ × Channa argus♂). PeerJ 2019; 7:e6674. [PMID: 30972254 PMCID: PMC6450373 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous microbiota play an important role in protecting fish against pathogens. Aphanomyces infection causes epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) in fish, and by perturbing the integrity of the cutaneous microbiota, increases the potential for infection by pathogenic bacteria. However, whether the composition of the cutaneous microbiota is altered in fish with EUS, and if so, which species are changed and how this might influence infected fish, is still largely unclear. Considering the importance of cutaneous microbiota in maintaining host health, we hypothesized that Aphanomyces infection significantly enhances the presence of certain bacterial pathogens in the cutaneous microbiota and causes cutaneous dysbacteriosis. To test this hypothesis, we compared the cutaneous microbiota compositions of hybrid snakehead (Channa maculata♀ × Channa argus♂) with and without Aphanomyces infection using Illumina Miseq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Our results showed that the cutaneous microbiota of hybrid snakehead were significantly altered subsequent to EUS infection and that the numbers of potentially pathogenic bacteria classified into the genera Anaerosinus, Anaerovorax, Dorea, and Clostridium were significantly enhanced in the cutaneous microbiota of hybrid snakehead with EUS, whereas bacteria classified into the genera Arthrobacter, Dysgonomonas, Anoxybacillus, Bacillus, Solibacillus, Carnobacterium, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Achromobacter, Polynucleobacter, Vogesella, and Pseudomonas were significantly reduced. These results imply that treatment for EUS should not only take into consideration the control of Aphanomyces reproduction but should also focus on regulating the cutaneous microbiota of infected fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Ecological Remediation of Aquaculture Pollution Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Ecological Remediation of Aquaculture Pollution Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Ecological Remediation of Aquaculture Pollution Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wangbao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Ecological Remediation of Aquaculture Pollution Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ermeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Ecological Remediation of Aquaculture Pollution Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Ecological Remediation of Aquaculture Pollution Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Ecological Remediation of Aquaculture Pollution Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Deguang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Ecological Remediation of Aquaculture Pollution Research Center, Guangzhou, China
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Majeed M, Soliman H, Kumar G, El-Matbouli M, Saleh M. Editing the genome of Aphanomyces invadans using CRISPR/Cas9. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:554. [PMID: 30352624 PMCID: PMC6199749 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3134-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system is increasingly being used for genome editing experiments. It is a system to add, delete and/or replace parts of a gene in situ in a time- and cost-efficient manner. The genome of many organisms has been edited using this system. We tested the CRISPR/Cas9 system in Aphanomyces invadans, an oomycete, which is the causative agent of epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) in many fish species. Extracellular proteases produced by this oomycete are believed to play a role in EUS virulence. Methods We designed three single guide-RNAs (gRNA) to target A. invadans serine protease gene. These gRNAs were individually combined with the Cas9 to form ribo-nucleo-protein (RNP) complex. A. invadans protoplasts were then transfected with RNP complexes. After the transfection, the target gene was amplified and subjected to sequencing. Zoospores of A. invadans were also transfected with the RNP complex. Three groups of dwarf gourami (Trichogaster lalius) were then experimentally inoculated with (i) non-treated A. invadans zoospores; (ii) RNP-treated A. invadans zoospores; and (iii) autoclaved pond water as negative control, to investigate the effect of edited serine protease gene on the virulence of A. invadans in vivo. Results Fluorescence microscopy showed sub-cellular localization of RNP complex in A. invadans protoplasts and zoospores. Sequencing results from the protoplast DNA revealed a point mutation in the target gene. A matching mutation was also detected in zoospores after similar treatment with the same RNP complex. In vivo results showed that the CRISPR/Cas9-treated A. invadans zoospores did not produce EUS clinical signs in the fish. These results were then confirmed by histopathological staining of the muscle sections using Gomori’s methenamine silver nitrate and hematoxylin and eosin stains. Conclusions Results obtained in this study indicate that the RNP complex caused effective mutation in the target gene. This hindered the production of serine protease, which ultimately impeded the manifestation of EUS in the fish. Our methods thus establish a promising approach for functional genomics studies in A. invadans and provide novel avenues to develop effective strategies to control this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Majeed
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hatem Soliman
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gokhlesh Kumar
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Mona Saleh
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Sibanda S, Pfukenyi DM, Barson M, Hang'ombe B, Matope G. Emergence of infection with Aphanomyces invadans in fish in some main aquatic ecosystems in Zimbabwe: A threat to national fisheries production. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1648-1656. [PMID: 29877061 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The first outbreak on the African continent of infection with Aphanomyces invadans (the causative agent of epizootic ulcerative syndrome) in fish was confirmed in the Chobe-Zambezi rivers in 2007. The emergence of massive outbreaks of infection with A. invadans in multiple fish species exposed serious aquatic biosecurity challenges in the Southern African region. This study investigated the incursion of infection with A. invadans in fish from the main aquatic ecosystems of Zimbabwe from 2012 to 2015 using data obtained from the Department of Livestock and Veterinary Services, Zimbabwe. In some outbreaks, fish samples were collected and tested at the University of Zambia, for confirmation by histopathology and species-specific PCR. The infection was first confirmed at Darwendale water impoundment (Mashonaland West Province) in 2012, followed by Matabeleland South Province at Mtshabezi water impoundment and Nkankezi River (both 2013). An apparent southward spread continued in 2014, with virgin outbreaks at Ntalale water impoundment (Matabeleland South Province) and Mwenezi River in Midlands Province. In 2015, inland incursion was confirmed at Dutchman's Pool in Midlands Province and further north-west at the Sanyati River Basin in Lake Kariba (Mashonaland West Province). In all outbreaks, infection with A. invadans was confirmed in seven fish species, namely the African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822), blunt-toothed African catfish (Clarias ngamensis Castelnau, 1861), yellow belly bream (Serranochromis robustus Gunther, 1864), straight fin barb (Enteromius paludinosus Peters, 1852), dashtail barb (Enteromius poechii Steindachner, 1911), large-mouth bass (Micropterus salmoides Lac'epe'de, 1802) and the three-spot tilapia (Oreochromis andersonii Castelnau, 1861). Cases were most common in the African sharptooth catfish, with mortalities more pronounced in young fish of all species. The results suggested a gradual emergence of an intractable infection with A. invadans in fish in the main aquatic ecosystems of Zimbabwe, which may have negative impact on biodiversity conservation and aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitokozile Sibanda
- Central Veterinary Laboratory, Harare, Zimbabwe.,Department of Paraclinical Veterinary Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Davies M Pfukenyi
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Maxwell Barson
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Bernard Hang'ombe
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Gift Matope
- Department of Paraclinical Veterinary Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
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Aphanomyces invadans, the causal agent of Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome, is a global threat to wild and farmed fish. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Huchzermeyer CF, Huchzermeyer KDA, Christison KW, Macey BM, Colly PA, Hang'ombe BM, Songe MM. First record of epizootic ulcerative syndrome from the Upper Congo catchment: An outbreak in the Bangweulu swamps, Zambia. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:87-94. [PMID: 28745838 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first outbreak of epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) amongst wild fish populations in the Bangweulu swamps, an inland delta, in the north of Zambia during 2014. The area supports a large and diverse fish fauna related to, but distinct from, that of the Zambezi River system where EUS outbreaks have occurred since 2006. A sizeable artisanal fishery, based on extensive fish weirs, is sustained by the annual flooding of the swamps, and observations of the disease outbreak by fishermen were recorded. Signs typical of infection with Aphanomyces invadans were observed in a number of species. Clinical observations, histology and molecular diagnostic methods were used to confirm infection with A. invadans in two of the most commonly and severely affected species. Several features of the wetland may have contributed to the outbreak and the annual recurrence of the disease. Modes by which the disease may have been introduced into the swamps are discussed. The outbreak is of great significance as the Bangweulu swamps drain into the Congo River in neighbouring Democratic Republic of Congo, Africa's largest drainage system with an extensive and diverse fish fauna previously unaffected by EUS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K D A Huchzermeyer
- Sterkspruit Veterinary Clinic, Lydenburg, South Africa
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - K W Christison
- Department of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, Directorate of Aquaculture Research and Development, Roggebaai, South Africa
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - B M Macey
- Department of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, Directorate of Aquaculture Research and Development, Roggebaai, South Africa
| | - P A Colly
- Sterkspruit Veterinary Clinic, Lydenburg, South Africa
| | - B M Hang'ombe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - M M Songe
- Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Central Veterinary Research Institute, Balmoral, Lusaka, Zambia
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Derevnina L, Petre B, Kellner R, Dagdas YF, Sarowar MN, Giannakopoulou A, De la Concepcion JC, Chaparro-Garcia A, Pennington HG, van West P, Kamoun S. Emerging oomycete threats to plants and animals. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:20150459. [PMID: 28080985 PMCID: PMC5095538 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oomycetes, or water moulds, are fungal-like organisms phylogenetically related to algae. They cause devastating diseases in both plants and animals. Here, we describe seven oomycete species that are emerging or re-emerging threats to agriculture, horticulture, aquaculture and natural ecosystems. They include the plant pathogens Phytophthora infestans, Phytophthora palmivora, Phytophthora ramorum, Plasmopara obducens, and the animal pathogens Aphanomyces invadans, Saprolegnia parasitica and Halioticida noduliformans For each species, we describe its pathology, importance and impact, discuss why it is an emerging threat and briefly review current research activities.This article is part of the themed issue 'Tackling emerging fungal threats to animal health, food security and ecosystem resilience'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Derevnina
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Benjamin Petre
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Ronny Kellner
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Yasin F Dagdas
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Mohammad Nasif Sarowar
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | | | - Pieter van West
- International Centre for Aquaculture Research and Development, Aberdeen Oomycete Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Sophien Kamoun
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
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Makkonen J, Vesterbacka A, Martin F, Jussila J, Diéguez-Uribeondo J, Kortet R, Kokko H. Mitochondrial genomes and comparative genomics of Aphanomyces astaci and Aphanomyces invadans. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36089. [PMID: 27808238 PMCID: PMC5093560 DOI: 10.1038/srep36089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Aphanomyces (Saprolegniales, Oomycetes) includes species with a variety of ecologies from saprotrophs to plant and animal parasites. Two important species in this genus are A. astaci, the cause of crayfish plague and its close relative, A. invadans, which causes the epizootic ulcerative syndrome on fish. In this study, we have assembled and annotated the mitochondrial (mt) genomes of A. astaci and A. invadans from the whole genome shotgun sequence reads (PRJNA187372; PRJNA258292, respectively). The assembly was generated from A. astaci Pc-genotype strain APO3 and A. invadans strain NJM9701. The sizes of the mtDNAs were 49,489 bp and 49,061 bp for A. astaci and A. invadans, respectively. The species shared similar genetic content and organization encoding 35 proteins, two ribosomal RNAs, three putative open reading frames and 33 transfer RNAs of 19 amino acids for peptide synthesis. Both species also had a large inverted repeat region (LIR) of approximately 12 kb, the LIR contained large and small ribosomal RNAs and eight protein coding genes. These annotated mt genomes serve as a valuable genetic backbone for further development of diagnostic methods and phylogenetic and migration studies of the animal parasitic species of Aphanomyces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Makkonen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arto Vesterbacka
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Frank Martin
- United States Department of Agriculture, ARS, 1636 E. Alisal St., CA-93905 Salinas, USA
| | - Japo Jussila
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Raine Kortet
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
- Department of Biology, Biological & Geological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Harri Kokko
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Cutuli M, Gibello A, Rodriguez-Bertos A, Blanco MM, Villarroel M, Giraldo A, Guarro J. Skin and subcutaneous mycoses in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) caused by Fusarium oxysporum in coinfection with Aeromonas hydrophila. Med Mycol Case Rep 2015; 9:7-11. [PMID: 26155462 PMCID: PMC4491647 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Subcutaneous mycoses in freshwater fish are rare infections usually caused by oomycetes of the genus Saprolegnia and some filamentous fungi. To date, Fusarium infections in farmed fish have only been described in marine fish. Here, we report the presence of Fusarium oxysporum in subcutaneous lesions of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Histopathologic evaluation revealed granuloma formation with fungal structures, and the identity of the etiological agent was demonstrated by morphological and molecular analyses. Some of the animals died as a result of systemic coinfection with Aeromonas hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Teresa Cutuli
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Alicia Gibello
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodriguez-Bertos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - M. Mar Blanco
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Morris Villarroel
- Department of Animal Science, E.T.S.I.A. Polytechnic University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Alejandra Giraldo
- Mycology Unit, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus 43201, Spain
| | - Josep Guarro
- Mycology Unit, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus 43201, Spain
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15
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Yogeshwari G, Jagruthi C, Anbazahan SM, Mari LSS, Selvanathan J, Arockiaraj J, Dhayanithi NB, Ajithkumar TT, Balasundaram C, Ramasamy H. Herbal supplementation diet on immune response in Labeo rohita against Aphanomyces invadans. AQUACULTURE 2015; 437:351-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
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16
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Liu Y, de Bruijn I, Jack ALH, Drynan K, van den Berg AH, Thoen E, Sandoval-Sierra V, Skaar I, van West P, Diéguez-Uribeondo J, van der Voort M, Mendes R, Mazzola M, Raaijmakers JM. Deciphering microbial landscapes of fish eggs to mitigate emerging diseases. THE ISME JOURNAL 2014; 8:2002-14. [PMID: 24671087 PMCID: PMC4184010 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2014.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Animals and plants are increasingly suffering from diseases caused by fungi and oomycetes. These emerging pathogens are now recognized as a global threat to biodiversity and food security. Among oomycetes, Saprolegnia species cause significant declines in fish and amphibian populations. Fish eggs have an immature adaptive immune system and depend on nonspecific innate defences to ward off pathogens. Here, meta-taxonomic analyses revealed that Atlantic salmon eggs are home to diverse fungal, oomycete and bacterial communities. Although virulent Saprolegnia isolates were found in all salmon egg samples, a low incidence of Saprolegniosis was strongly correlated with a high richness and abundance of specific commensal Actinobacteria, with the genus Frondihabitans (Microbacteriaceae) effectively inhibiting attachment of Saprolegniato salmon eggs. These results highlight that fundamental insights into microbial landscapes of fish eggs may provide new sustainable means to mitigate emerging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Liu
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene de Bruijn
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Allison LH Jack
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Prescott College, Environmental Studies Program, Prescott, AZ, USA
| | | | - Albert H van den Berg
- Aberdeen Oomycete Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Even Thoen
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ida Skaar
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pieter van West
- Aberdeen Oomycete Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Menno van der Voort
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo Mendes
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Embrapa Environment, Jaguariuna, Brazil
| | | | - Jos M Raaijmakers
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Yadav MK, Pradhan PK, Sood N, Chaudhary DK, Verma DK, Debnath C, Sahoo L, Chauhan UK, Punia P, Jena JK. Innate immune response of Indian major carp, Labeo rohita infected with oomycete pathogen Aphanomyces invadans. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 39:524-531. [PMID: 24945572 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The fish pathogenic oomycete Aphanomyces invadans is the causative agent of epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), a fish disease of international significance and reportable to the World Organisation for Animal Health. In spite of the current and potential impact of A. invadans infection on fisheries and aquaculture sectors of the world, very little is known about the host-A. invadans interactions. In the present study, following experimental infection with A. invadans in one of the Indian major carps, Labeo rohita, sequential changes in various innate immune parameters were monitored. The results indicated that at early stages of infection, no significant changes in any of the studied innate immune parameters were observed. However, at the advanced stages of infection from 6 to 12 days post infection (dpi), the respiratory burst and alternate complement activity were significantly higher whereas lysozyme, antiproteases and α-2 macroglobulin values were significantly lower than the control group and also from the infected group at earlier stages of infection. Since, the possibility of vaccination of fish against A. invadans appears remote due to difficulties in eliciting a specific antibody response, the information generated in the present study could be useful for developing strategies for improving resistance to A. invadans infection by stimulating the innate immunity through immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Yadav
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow 226 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pravata K Pradhan
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow 226 002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Neeraj Sood
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow 226 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dharmendra K Chaudhary
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow 226 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dev K Verma
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow 226 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chandan Debnath
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Lambucherra 799 210, Tripura, India
| | - Lopamudra Sahoo
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Lambucherra 799 210, Tripura, India
| | - U K Chauhan
- School of Environmental Biology, Awadesh Pratap Singh University, Rewa 486 003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Peyush Punia
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow 226 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Joy K Jena
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow 226 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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18
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El-Matbouli M, Saleh M, Soliman H. Biosecurity risks associated with epizootic ulcerative syndrome and iridovirus in ornamental fish imported into the European Union. Vet Rec 2014; 174:303. [PMID: 24603465 DOI: 10.1136/vr.102219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, Vienna 1210, Austria
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19
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