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Sakamoto S, Bochimoto H, Shibata K, Zin NKM, Fukai M, Nakamura K, Ishikawa T, Fujiyoshi M, Shimamura T, Taketomi A. Exploration of Optimal pH in Hypothermic Machine Perfusion for Rat Liver Grafts Retrieved after Circulatory Death. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113845. [PMID: 37298042 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) is a strategy for controlling ischemia-reperfusion injury in donation after circulatory death (DCD) liver transplantation. The pH of blood increases with a decrease in temperature and water dissociation, leading to a decrease in [H+]. This study aimed to verify the optimal pH of HMP for DCD livers. Rat livers were retrieved 30 min post-cardiac arrest and subjected to 3-h cold storage (CS) in UW solution (CS group) or HMP with UW-gluconate solution (machine perfusion [MP] group) of pH 7.4 (original), 7.6, 7.8, and 8.0 (MP-pH 7.6, 7.8, 8.0 groups, respectively) at 7-10 °C. The livers were subjected to normothermic perfusion to simulate reperfusion after HMP. All HMP groups showed greater graft protection compared to the CS group due to the lower levels of liver enzymes in the former. The MP-pH 7.8 group showed significant protection, evidenced by bile production, diminished tissue injury, and reduced flavin mononucleotide leakage, and further analysis by scanning electron microscopy revealed a well-preserved structure of the mitochondrial cristae. Therefore, the optimum pH of 7.8 enhanced the protective effect of HMP by preserving the structure and function of the mitochondria, leading to reduced reperfusion injury in the DCD liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sodai Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery 1, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Hiroki Bochimoto
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kengo Shibata
- Gastroenterological Surgery 1, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
| | - Nur Khatijah Mohd Zin
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Moto Fukai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery 1, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Kosei Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery 1, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Takahisa Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery 1, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Masato Fujiyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery 1, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shimamura
- Division of Organ Transplantation, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
| | - Akinobu Taketomi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery 1, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
- Gastroenterological Surgery 1, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
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Guan Y, Yao W, Yi K, Zheng C, Lv S, Tao Y, Hei Z, Li M. Nanotheranostics for the Management of Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007727. [PMID: 33852769 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), in which an insufficient oxygen supply followed by reperfusion leads to an inflammatory network and oxidative stress in disease tissue to cause cell death, always occurs after liver transplantations and sections. Although pharmacological treatments favorably prevent or protect the liver against experimental IRI, there have been few successes in clinical applications for patient benefits because of the incomprehension of complicated IRI-induced signaling events as well as short blood circulation time, poor solubility, and severe side reactions of most antioxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs. Nanomaterials can achieve targeted delivery and controllable release of contrast agents and therapeutic drugs in desired hepatic IRI regions for enhanced imaging sensitivity and improved therapeutic effects, emerging as novel alternative approaches for hepatic IRI diagnosis and therapy. In this review, the application of nanotechnology is summarized in the management of hepatic IRI, including nanomaterial-assisted hepatic IRI diagnosis, nanoparticulate systems-mediated remission of reactive oxygen species-induced tissue injury, and nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery systems for the alleviation of IRI-related inflammation. The current challenges and future perspectives of these nanoenabled strategies for hepatic IRI treatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guan
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Weifeng Yao
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ke Yi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Chunxiong Zheng
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Shixian Lv
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Yu Tao
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ziqing Hei
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, China
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Lv S, Wang Z, Wang J, Wang H. Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Plays an Important Role Through Regulating Autophagy in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:681676. [PMID: 34055892 PMCID: PMC8155623 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.681676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is characterized by limiting blood supply to organs, then restoring blood flow and reoxygenation. It leads to many diseases, including acute kidney injury, myocardial infarction, circulatory arrest, ischemic stroke, trauma, and sickle cell disease. Autophagy is an important and conserved cellular pathway, in which cells transfer the cytoplasmic contents to lysosomes for degradation. It plays an important role in maintaining the balance of cell synthesis, decomposition and reuse, and participates in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), along with carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO), is an important gas signal molecule and regulates various physiological and pathological processes. In recent years, there are many studies on the improvement of I/R injury by H2S through regulating autophagy, but the related mechanisms are not completely clear. Therefore, we summarize the related research in the above aspects to provide theoretical reference for future in-depth research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyu Lv
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- Henan Technician College of Medicine and Health, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Honggang Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Almazroo OA, Miah MK, Pillai VC, Shaik IH, Xu R, Dharmayan S, Johnson HJ, Ganesh S, Planinsic RM, Demetris AJ, Al-Khafaji A, Lopez R, Molinari M, Tevar AD, Hughes C, Humar A, Venkataramanan R. An evaluation of the safety and preliminary efficacy of peri- and post-operative treprostinil in preventing ischemia and reperfusion injury in adult orthotopic liver transplant recipients. Clin Transplant 2021; 35:e14298. [PMID: 33764591 PMCID: PMC8243925 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the only treatment option for various end‐stage liver diseases. Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the unavoidable complications/conditions in OLT. In 2019, a total of 8896 livers were transplanted of which >94% organs were procured from deceased donors. An increase in the use of extended criteria donor (ECD) livers for transplantation further unraveled the role of hepatic I/R injury on short‐term and long‐term graft outcomes. Despite promising outcomes with the use of antioxidants, free radical scavengers, and vasodilators; I/R‐mediated liver injury persists and significantly influences the overall clinical outcomes. Treprostinil, a synthetic prostacyclin I2 (PGI2) analog, due to its vasodilatory property, antiplatelet activity, and its ability to downregulate pro‐inflammatory cytokines can potentially minimize I/R injury. Aim We investigated the safety and preliminary efficacy of continuous intravenous infusion of treprostinil in liver transplant recipients in a prospective, single‐center, non‐randomized, interventional study. Material and methods This was a dose escalation (3 + 3 design) phase 1/2 study. Deceased donor liver transplant recipients received 5 ng/kg/min for two days, or 2.5, 5, and 7.5 ng/min/kg for 5 days as a continuous infusion. Multiple blood samples were collected for biochemical parameter assessment and for measuring treprostinil levels. Indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate was used as a measure of hepatic functional capacity. Results Subjects tolerated continuous infusion of treprostinil up to 5 ng/kg/min for 120 h with no occurrence of primary graft non‐function (PNF), minimized need for ventilation support, reduced hospitalization time, 100% graft and patient survival, and improved hepatobiliary excretory function comparable to normal healthy adults. Discussion Treprostinil can be administered to liver transplant patients safely during the perioperative period. Conclusion Based on this phase 1/2 study, further efficacy studies of treprostinil in preventing I/R injury of liver should be conducted to potentially increase the number of livers available for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Abdulhameed Almazroo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mohammad Kowser Miah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Venkateswaran C Pillai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Imam H Shaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ruichao Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stalin Dharmayan
- Thomas Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Heather J Johnson
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Swaytha Ganesh
- Thomas Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Raymond M Planinsic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anthony J Demetris
- Thomas Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ali Al-Khafaji
- Thomas Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Univeristy of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roberto Lopez
- Thomas Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michele Molinari
- Thomas Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amit D Tevar
- Thomas Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christopher Hughes
- Thomas Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Abhinav Humar
- Thomas Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Raman Venkataramanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Thomas Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Ibrahim SG, El-Emam SZ, Mohamed EA, Abd Ellah MF. Dimethyl fumarate and curcumin attenuate hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury via Nrf2/HO-1 activation and anti-inflammatory properties. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 80:106131. [PMID: 31981960 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury occurs in different clinical settings as hepatic transplantation, and different types of shock. I/R injury is the main cause of hepatic damage and failure due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an immunomodulatory drug, activates cellularantioxidantsignaling pathways exerting cytoprotective properties. Curcumin (CUR), a natural phenolic compound, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. METHOD To study potential protective effects of DMF with CUR against hepatic I/R injury in rats, animals were randomly allocated into seven groups as follows: (1) Sham; (2) DMF (25 mg/Kg, p.o); (3) CUR (400 mg/Kg, p.o.); (4) I/R; (5) DMF + I/R; (6) CUR + I/R; and combination (COM) therapy + I/R. Drugs were given for 14 days before I/R. RESULTS Compared with I/R group, COM group showed the best amelioration in hepatic injury induced by I/R insult. This was confirmed by a significant reduction in serum ALT and AST activity with improved histopathological results when compared to every single treatment. Hepatic protection afforded by DMF was mediated by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and increasing GSH and TAC contents. CUR treatment improved the inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, Il-6 and iNOS) as well as neutrophilic infiltration assessed as MPO. Moreover, CUR potentiated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling induced by DMF with significant suppression in lipid peroxidation. CONCLUSION We concluded that combining DMF and CUR has more efficient hepatoprotective effects against hepatic-induced IRI via potentiating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties mediated by Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa G Ibrahim
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Egypt
| | - Soad Z El-Emam
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Egypt.
| | - Eman A Mohamed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Abd Ellah
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Boys), Egypt
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6
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Yücel A, Aydogan M, Ucar M, Sarıcı K, Karaaslan M. Effects of Apocynin on Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Transplant Proc 2019; 51:1180-1183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.01.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ucar M, Aydogan M, Vardı N, Parlakpınar H. Protective Effect of Dexpanthenol on Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Liver Injury. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:3135-3143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Mubarak HA, Mahmoud MM, Shoukry HS, Merzeban DH, Sayed SS, Rashed LA. Protective effects of melatonin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (liraglutide) on gastric ischaemia-reperfusion injury in high-fat/sucrose-fed rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 45:934-942. [PMID: 29697857 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury is a serious pathology that is often encountered with thrombotic events, during surgery when blood vessels are cross-clamped, and in organs for transplantation. Increased oxidative stress is the main pathology in I-R injury, as assessed in studies on the heart, kidney, and brain with little data available on gastric I-R (GI-R). Liraglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist that has insulinotropic and weight reducing actions, and melatonin that has been much studied as a chronotropic hormone; have also studied as being anti-oxidative stress agents. Herein, we aimed to explore the effects of liraglutide and melatonin on GI-R injury with high-fat/sucrose diet. Rats were divided into six groups; two diet-control, two melatonin- and two liraglutide-pretreated groups. All rats were subjected to 30 minutes of gastric ischaemia followed by 1 hour of reperfusion. Gastric tissues were assessed for the percentage of DNA fragmentation, myeloperoxidase activity, total oxidant status, total antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress index, BMI and histopathological examination. We showed that high-fat feeding for four weeks prior to GI-R significantly increased BMI, oxidative stress indices and decreased total antioxidant capacity, with a neutral effect on apoptosis compared to controls. Pretreatment with either melatonin (10 mg/kg per day orally) or liraglutide (25 μg/kg per day ip) reverses these effects. Furthermore, both drugs reduced weight only in HFS-fed rats. Both liraglutide and melatonin have nearly similar protective effects on gastric I-R injury through decreasing the oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan A Mubarak
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal M Mahmoud
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba S Shoukry
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina H Merzeban
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Safinaz S Sayed
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila A Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Zhang T, Zhao Q, Ye F, Huang CY, Chen WM, Huang WQ. Alda-1, an ALDH2 activator, protects against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats via inhibition of oxidative stress. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:629-638. [PMID: 29589772 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1459042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have proved that activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase two (ALDH2) can attenuate oxidative stress through clearance of cytotoxic aldehydes, and can protect against cardiac, cerebral, and lung ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries. In this study, we investigated the effects of the ALDH2 activator Alda-1 on hepatic I/R injury. Partial warm ischemia was performed in the left and middle hepatic lobes of Sprague-Dawley rats for 1 h, followed by 6 h of reperfusion. Rats received either Alda-1 or vehicle by intravenous injection 30 min before ischemia. Blood and tissue samples of the rats were collected after 6-h reperfusion. Histological injury, proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), cellular apoptosis, ALDH2 expression and activity, 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (4-HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. BRL-3A hepatocytes were subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Cell viability, ROS, and mitochondrial membrane potential were determined. Pretreatment with Alda-1 significantly alleviated I/R-induced elevations of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate amino transferase, and significantly blunted the pathological injury of the liver. Moreover, Alda-1 significantly inhibited ROS and proinflammatory cytokines production, 4-HNE and MDA accumulation, and apoptosis. Increased ALDH2 activity was found after Alda-1 administration. No significant changes in ALDH2 expression were observed after I/R. ROS was also higher in H/R cells than in control cells, which was aggravated upon treatment with 4-HNE, and reduced by Alda-1 treatment. Cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential were inhibited in H/R cells, which was attenuated upon Alda-1 treatment. Activation of ALDH2 by Alda-1 attenuates hepatic I/R injury via clearance of cytotoxic aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- a Department of Anesthesiology , the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- b Organ transplantation center , the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Fang Ye
- a Department of Anesthesiology , the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Chan-Yan Huang
- a Department of Anesthesiology , the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wan-Mei Chen
- a Department of Anesthesiology , the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wen-Qi Huang
- a Department of Anesthesiology , the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
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Unacylated ghrelin prevents mitochondrial dysfunction in a model of ischemia/reperfusion liver injury. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17077. [PMID: 29354291 PMCID: PMC5712633 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common cause of liver dysfunction during hepatectomy, liver transplantation procedures and in generalized shock. Although effort has been dedicated to rescuing tissue damage in these clinical settings, there is still an urgent need for an effective treatment to protect the liver from the burden of I/R injury. In this study, we have investigated the potential clinical impact of unacylated-ghrelin (UnAG) in a liver I/R rat model. Particular attention has been paid to mitochondria. We demonstrate that UnAG was able to reduce the lag-phase time in response to ADP administration and increase oxygen consumption in ex vivo experiments using liver mitochondria recovered from rats subjected to I/R. Moreover, we found that UnAG rescued the expression of a key regulator of mitochondrial morphology and electron transport chain function; the optic atrophy 1 (Opa1) protein. Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), ATP synthase (complex V) activity and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening were also affected by UnAG administration in vivo. An in vitro, hepatic I/R model was used to validate these data. We demonstrate that UnAG upregulates the expression of Cox subunit IV (CoxIV) and increases cellular ATP content. This results in Bcl-2 upregulation and protection against apoptosis. Opa1 silencing shows that Opa1 is crucial for a UnAG-induced increase in cellular ATP content, apoptosis resistance, Bcl-2 and CoxIV expression. Finally, we show that UnAG improves Opa1's interaction with MIC60 in the I/R setting, hinting at its role in cristae shape regulation. Our results demonstrate that UnAG administration rescues the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway triggered by I/R damage. Opa1's contribution in mediating this effect is also reported. This suggests that UnAG can interfere with mitochondrial dysfunction, via Opa1, in a preclinical liver I/R model. We therefore provide the rationale for exploiting UnAG as an alternative means to rescuing mitochondrial damage and organ dysfunction.
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11
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Takasu C, Vaziri ND, Li S, Robles L, Vo K, Takasu M, Pham C, Farzaneh SH, Shimada M, Stamos MJ, Ichii H. Treatment with dimethyl fumarate ameliorates liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:4508-4516. [PMID: 28740339 PMCID: PMC5504366 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i25.4508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the hypothesis that treatment with dimethyl fumarate (DMF) may ameliorate liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/RI).
METHODS Rats were divided into 3 groups: sham, control (CTL), and DMF. DMF (25 mg/kg, twice/d) was orally administered for 2 d before the procedure. The CTL and DMF rats were subjected to ischemia for 1 h and reperfusion for 2 h. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), NO × metabolites, anti-oxidant enzyme expression level, anti-inflammatory effect, and anti-apoptotic effect were determined.
RESULTS Histological tissue damage was significantly reduced in the DMF group (Suzuki scores: sham: 0 ± 0; CTL: 9.3 ± 0.5; DMF: 2.5 ± 1.2; sham vs CTL, P < 0.0001; CTL vs DMF, P < 0.0001). This effect was associated with significantly lower serum ALT (DMF 5026 ± 2305 U/L vs CTL 10592 ± 1152 U/L, P = 0.04) and MDA (DMF 18.2 ± 1.4 μmol/L vs CTL 26.0 ± 1.0 μmol/L, P = 0.0009). DMF effectively improved the ATP content (DMF 20.3 ± 0.4 nmol/mg vs CTL 18.3 ± 0.6 nmol/mg, P = 0.02), myeloperoxidase activity (DMF 7.8 ± 0.4 mU/mL vs CTL 6.0 ± 0.5 mU/mL, P = 0.01) and level of endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression (DMF 0.38 ± 0.05-fold vs 0.17 ± 0.06-fold, P = 0.02). The higher expression levels of anti-oxidant enzymes (catalase and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit and lower levels of key inflammatory mediators (nuclear factor-kappa B and cyclooxygenase-2 were confirmed in the DMF group.
CONCLUSION DMF improved the liver function and the anti-oxidant and inflammation status following I/RI. Treatment with DMF could be a promising strategy in patients with liver I/RI.
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Unal B, Ozcan F, Tuzcu H, Kırac E, Elpek GO, Aslan M. Inhibition of neutral sphingomyelinase decreases elevated levels of nitrative and oxidative stress markers in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. Redox Rep 2017; 22:147-159. [PMID: 27077455 PMCID: PMC6837382 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2016.1162431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and excessive nitric oxide production via induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-2 have been shown in the pathogenesis of liver ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase)/ceramide pathway can regulate NOS2 expression therefore this study determined the role of selective N-SMase inhibition on nitrative and oxidative stress markers following liver IR injury. Selective N-SMase inhibitor was administered via intraperitoneal injections. Liver IR injury was created by clamping blood vessels supplying the median and left lateral hepatic lobes for 60 min, followed by 60 min reperfusion. Nitrative and oxidative stress markers were determined by evaluating NOS2 expression, protein nitration, nitrite/nitrate levels, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) formation, protein carbonyl levels and xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase (XO/XDH) activity. Levels of sphingmyelin and ceramide in liver tissue were determined by an optimized multiple reaction monitoring method using ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Spingomyelin levels were significantly increased in all IR groups compared to controls. Treatment with a specific N-SMase inhibitor significantly decreased all measured ceramides in IR injury. NOS2 expression, nitrite/nitrate levels and protein nitration were significantly greater in IR injury and decreased with N-SMase inhibition. Treatment with a selective N-SMase inhibitor significantly decreased HNE formation, protein carbonyl levels and the hepatic conversion of XO. Data confirm the role of nitrative and oxidative injury in IR and highlight the protective effect of selective N-SMase inhibition. Future studies evaluating agents blocking N-SMase activity can facilitate the development of treatment strategies to alleviate oxidative injury in liver I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Unal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Filiz Ozcan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Hazal Tuzcu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Ebru Kırac
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Gulsum O. Elpek
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Mutay Aslan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
- Correspondence to: Mutay Aslan, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey.
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Zhang Y, Zhu J, Guo L, Zou Y, Wang F, Shao H, Li J, Deng X. Cholecystokinin protects mouse liver against ischemia and reperfusion injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 48:180-186. [PMID: 28521244 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholecystokinin (CCK), as a gastrointestinal hormone, has an important protective role against sepsis or LPS-induced endotoxic shock. We aim to address the role of CCK in hepatic ischemia followed by reperfusion (I/R) injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS A murine model of 60min partial hepatic ischemia followed by 6h of reperfusion was used in this study. CCK and CCKAR Levels in blood and liver were detected at 3h, 6h, 12h and 24h after reperfusion. Then the mice were treated with CCK or proglumide, a nonspecific CCK-receptor (CCK-R) antagonist. Mice were randomly divided into four groups as follows: (1) sham group, in which mice underwent sham operation and received saline; (2) I/R group, in which mice were subjected to hepatic I/R and received saline; (3) CCK group, in which mice were subjected to hepatic I/R and treated with CCK (400μg/kg); (4) proglumide group (Pro), in which mice underwent hepatic I/R and treated with proglumide (3mg/kg); CCK and proglumide were administrated via tail vein at the moment of reperfusion. Serum AST (sAST) and serum ALT (sALT) were determined with a biochemical assay and histological analysis were performed with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E). Cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α) expressions in blood were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The MPO (myeloperoxidase) assay were used to measure neutrophils' infiltration into the liver. The apoptotic index (TUNEL-positive cell number/total liver cell number×100%) was calculated to assess hepatocelluar apoptosis. Finally, activation of NF-κB and phosphor-p38 expression in liver homogenates were analyzed with Western Blot (WB). RESULTS Our findings showed that 1) CCK and CCK-AR were upregulated in our experimental model over time; 2) Treatment with CCK decreased sAST/sALT levels, inflammatory hepatic injury, neutrophil influx and hepatocelluar apoptosis, while proglumide aggravated hepatic injury. CONCLUSION These findings support our hypothesis and suggest that CCK played a positive role in the ongoing inflammatory process leading to liver I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital of Jiading District, 1 Chengbai Road, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Jiali Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China.
| | - Long Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China.
| | - Yun Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Shao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinbao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China.
| | - Xiaoming Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
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15-Deoxy-Δ 12,14-prostaglandin J 2 alleviates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice via inducing antioxidant response and inhibiting apoptosis and autophagy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:672-687. [PMID: 28216619 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common clinical impairment that occurs in many circumstances and leads to poor prognosis. Both apoptosis and autophagy have been shown to contribute to cell death in hepatic I/R injury. 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) is one of the best-studied anti-inflammatory prostaglandins, which has been verified to exert anti-inflammatory and cell-protective functions in various types of cells and animal models. In this study we explored the effects of 15d-PGJ2 on both apoptosis and autophagy in mouse hepatic I/R injury and its possible mechanisms. A model of segmental (70%) hepatic warm ischemia was established in Balb/c mice, and the pathological changes in serum and liver tissues were detected at 6, 12, and 24 h post-surgery, while 15d-PGJ2 (2.5, 7.5, 15 μg, iv) was administered 30 min prior the surgery. Pretreatment with 15d-PGJ2 (7.5, 15 μg) significantly ameliorated I/R-induced hepatic injury evidenced by dose-dependent reduction of serum ALT and AST levels as well as alleviated tissue damages. 15d-PGJ2 pretreatment significantly decreased the serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels and the hepatic expression of F4/80, a major biomarker of macrophages. 15d-PGJ2 pretreatment upregulated the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, thus reducing the number of apoptotic cells in the livers. 15d-PGJ2 pretreatment considerably suppressed the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3, thus decreasing the number of autophagosomes in the livers. Furthermore, 15d-PGJ2 pretreatment activated Nrf2 and inhibited a ROS/HIF1α/BNIP3 pathway in the livers. Pretreatment with the PPARγ receptor blocker GW9662 (2 μg, ip) partly reversed the protective effects of 15d-PGJ2 on hepatic I/R injury. In conclusion, our results confirm the protective effect of 15d-PGJ2 on hepatic I/R injury, an effect that may rely on a reduction in the activation of Kupffer cells and on activation of the Nrf2 pathway, which lead to inhibition of ROS generation, apoptosis, and autophagy.
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Kashiwadate T, Miyagi S, Hara Y, Akamatsu Y, Sekiguchi S, Kawagishi N, Ohuchi N, Satomi S. Soluble Thrombomodulin Ameliorates Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury of Liver Grafts by Modulating the Proinflammatory Role of High-Mobility Group Box 1. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2017; 239:315-23. [PMID: 27523810 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.239.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation using grafts obtained after cardiac death (CD) is considered a promising solution for graft shortages. However, no standard criteria for organ preservation have been established for CD donors. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a DNA-binding protein that is released from dying hepatocytes as an early mediator of inflammation and organ tissue damage. HMGB1 stimulates immunocytes to produce inflammatory cytokines, thereby amplifying the inflammatory response. Thrombomodulin is an integral membrane protein that functions as an endothelial anticoagulant cofactor, and it binds HMGB1 through the extracellular domain. We investigated the effects of ART-123, recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin, on warm ischemia-reperfusion injury in liver grafts. Male Wistar rats were divided into four ex vivo groups: heart-beating (HB) group, in which livers were isolated from HB donors; CD group, in which livers were isolated from CD donors exposed to apnea-induced conditions and warm ischemic conditions for 30 min after cardiac arrest; and two CD groups pretreated with ART-123 (1 or 5 mg/kg). Each isolated liver was reperfused for 1 h after cold preservation for 6 h. The perfusate levels of HMGB1, LDH, TNF-α, and IL-6 were significantly lower in the CD group pretreated with ART-123 (5 mg/kg) than in the CD group. Bile production was significantly higher in the CD group pretreated with ART-123 (5 mg/kg) than in the CD group. The sinusoidal spaces were significantly narrower in the CD group than in the other groups. We propose that ART-123 maintains sinusoidal microcirculation by reducing endothelial cell damage during warm ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Kashiwadate
- Department of Transplantation, Reconstruction and Endoscopic Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital
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Tuzcu H, Unal B, Kırac E, Konuk E, Ozcan F, Elpek GO, Demir N, Aslan M. Neutral sphingomyelinase inhibition alleviates apoptosis, but not ER stress, in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:253-268. [PMID: 28277984 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1298103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed the activation of neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase)/ceramide pathway in hepatic tissue following warm liver ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. Excessive ceramide accumulation is known to potentiate apoptotic stimuli and a link between apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been established in hepatic IR injury. Thus, this study determined the role of selective N-SMase inhibition on ER stress and apoptotic markers in a rat model of liver IR injury. Selective N-SMase inhibitor was administered via intraperitoneal injections. Liver IR injury was created by clamping blood vessels supplying the median and left lateral hepatic lobes for 60 min, followed by 60 min reperfusion. Levels of sphingmyelin and ceramide in liver tissue were determined by an optimized multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) method using ultrafast-liquid chromatography (UFLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Spingomyelin levels were significantly increased in all IR groups compared with controls. Treatment with a specific N-SMase inhibitor significantly decreased all measured ceramides in IR injury. A significant increase was observed in ER stress markers C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) and 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) in IR injury, which was not significantly altered by N-SMase inhibition. Inhibition of N-SMase caused a significant reduction in phospho-NF-kB levels, hepatic TUNEL staining, cytosolic cytochrome c, and caspase-3, -8, and -9 activities which were significantly increased in IR injury. Data herein confirm the role of ceramide in increased apoptotic cell death and highlight the protective effect of N-SMase inhibition in down-regulation of apoptotic stimuli responses occurring in hepatic IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazal Tuzcu
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine , Antalya , Turkey
| | - Betul Unal
- b Department of Pathology , Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine , Antalya , Turkey
| | - Ebru Kırac
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine , Antalya , Turkey
| | - Esma Konuk
- c Department of Histology , Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine , Antalya , Turkey
| | - Filiz Ozcan
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine , Antalya , Turkey
| | - Gulsum O Elpek
- b Department of Pathology , Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine , Antalya , Turkey
| | - Necdet Demir
- c Department of Histology , Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine , Antalya , Turkey
| | - Mutay Aslan
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine , Antalya , Turkey
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Chi X, Yu D, Li P, Lu Q, Jiang W, Hao K. The protection effects of (1E,6E)-1,7-diphenylhepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione, a curcumin analogue, against operative liver injury in rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 100:94-101. [PMID: 28057548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between the chemistry characteristic and the hepatoprotective effects of (1E,6E)-1,7-diphenylhepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione (DDD), a curcumin analogue, in operative liver injury rats was investigated to reveal the mechanism of hepatic protection effects of DDD. DDD (1.2-4.8mmol/kg) was administrated 10min before reperfusion phase in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) rats. DDD (4.8mmol/kg) administrated 10min before ischemia and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) (4.8mmol/kg) administrated 10min before reperfusion were included for comparative studies. The plasma liver enzyme activities, histopathological indices and markers of lipid peroxide were determined to evaluate the hepatic protection effects. Effects of DDD on succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity were also investigated. DDD showed dose-dependent hepatocyte protections when administrated 10min before reperfusion stages in hepatic IRI rats. DDD showed almost equivalent hepatoprotective effects when administrated 10min before ischemia phase demonstrating that DDD acted on the reperfusion stages selectively against the hepatic IRI, instead of ischemia phase. NAC was not effective against hepatic IRI when treated 10min before reperfusion because of the higher pKa of NAC. In additional, DDD had no effect on the SDH both in hepatic IRI rats and in mitochondria. In conclusion, DDD had dose-dependent hepatocyte protections in the reperfusion stages in hepatic IRI rats, while the observed hepatocyte protections of DDD did not involve SDH activities. β-Diketone structures of DDD were crucial for the hepatocyte protections. The abilities of DDD to clear up the unsaturated aldehydes related with the enolate nucleophilicity and the pKa. DDD might be a promising candidate to treat hepatic IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Chi
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Weifang Biomedical Innovation and Entrepreneurship Service Center, Weifang 261205, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peijing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qianfeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenjiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Perrakis A, Stirkat F, Croner RS, Vassos N, Raptis D, Yedibela S, Hohenberger W, Müller V. Prognostic and diagnostic value of procalcitonin in the post-transplant setting after liver transplantation. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12:372-9. [PMID: 27186183 PMCID: PMC4848368 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.59264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of procalcitonin (PCT) as a marker for complications and as a prognostic factor for mortality after liver transplantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Liver transplant patients between January 2007 and April 2011 were prospectively included in the study. Procalcitonin serum concentration was recorded before, 6 h after reperfusion and then daily. Postoperative clinical course was prospectively analyzed from admission to discharge. Main surgical data such as operating procedure, type of reperfusion, operating and ischemic times, high urgency (HU) status and MELD score at the time of transplantation were also recorded. RESULTS Sixteen patients with initial PCT > 5 ng/ml suffered ≥ 1 complication (p = 0.03). However, there was no association between the level of the 1(st) peak PCT and the further postoperative course or the occurrence of complications. Patients in whom a 2(nd) PCT peak occurred had a significantly higher risk for a complicated course, for a complicated sepsis course and for mortality (p < 0.0001). Warm ischemic time over 58 min, operating time over 389 min and HU status were significant independent factors for a complicated postoperative course (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p = 0.03 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Based on our results, we believe that PCT course and the occurrence of a 2(nd) peak seem to possess important diagnostic and prognostic power in the post-transplant setting after liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Falk Stirkat
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland S Croner
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Vassos
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Raptis
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Süleyman Yedibela
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Volker Müller
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Ye W, Li J, Guo C, Chen S, Liu YB, Liu Z, Wu H, Wang G, Liang C. Can intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging characterize the cellular injury and microcirculation alteration in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury? An animal study. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 43:1327-36. [PMID: 26686869 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) can be used to quantitatively analyze the cellular injury and microcirculation alterations in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two New Zealand white rabbits were randomly and equally assigned to the sham group, 1-hour, 4-hour, and 12-hour groups according to the reperfusion time after 1 hour of ischemia using a 70% liver ischemia-reperfusion injury model. All the animals underwent IVIM-DWI with 12 b values at 1.5T. The imaging parameters (IVIM parameters and apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC]) among different groups were compared. The correlations between imaging parameters and histological scores, and the ratio of serum aspartate aminotransferase to serum alanine aminotransferase (serum AST/ALT) were analyzed. RESULTS During the first hour of HIRI, true diffusion coefficient (D) and ADC significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while there was no significant decrease in perfusion fraction (f) (P = 0.708). There was fair to good correlation between histological scores and f (rs = -0.493 with the sham cases excluded, and -0.682 with all cases, both P < 0.05) and ADC (rs = -0.479 with the sham cases excluded, and -0.766 with all cases, both P < 0.05). There was no correlation between imaging parameters and serum AST/ALT with the sham cases excluded (P = 0.673 for f, 0.568 for D, 0.403 for ADC), and good correlation between D, ADC, and serum AST/ALT (r = 0.747 and 0.748, both P < 0.001) with all cases. CONCLUSION IVIM-DWI can quantitatively characterize an animal model of HIRI, with D and ADC sensitive in early detection of cellular injury, as well as fair to good correlation between f, ADC, and microcirculation alteration. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1327-1336.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Ye
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jinglei Li
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Chengwei Guo
- Department of Radiology, 252 Hospital of PLA, Baoding, Hebei Province, P.R. China
| | - Shuting Chen
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Bao Liu
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zaiyi Liu
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Haijun Wu
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Guangyi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Changhong Liang
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
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KIRAC EBRU, ÖZCAN FILIZ, TUZCU HAZAL, ELPEK GULSUMO, ASLAN MUTAY. Analysis of polyunsaturated fatty acids and the omega-6 inflammatory pathway in hepatic ischemia/re-perfusion injury. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:4149-4156. [PMID: 26062838 PMCID: PMC4526095 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in liver tissue and evaluate changes in the n‑6-associated inflammatory pathway following liver ischemia/re‑perfusion (IR) injury. Male Wistar rats which were allowed free access to standard rat chow were included in the study. Blood vessels supplying the median and left lateral hepatic lobes were occluded with an arterial clamp for 60 min, followed by 60 min of re‑perfusion. Levels of arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4n‑6), dihomo‑gamma‑linolenic acid (DGLA, C20:3n‑6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n‑3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n‑3) in liver tissue were determined by an optimized multiple reaction monitoring method using ultra fast‑liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2), cyclooxygenase (COX) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured in tissue samples to evaluate changes in the n‑6 inflammatory pathway. Total histopathological score of cellular damage were significantly increased following hepatic IR injury. n‑3 and n‑6 PUFA levels were significantly increased in post‑ischemic liver tissue compared to those in non‑ischemic controls. No significant difference was observed in the AA/DHA and AA/EPA ratio in post‑ischemic liver tissues compared with that in the control. Tissue activity of PLA2 and COX as well as PGE2 levels were significantly increased in post‑ischemic liver tissues compared to those in non‑ischemic controls. The results of the present study suggested that increased hydrolysis of fatty acids via PLA2 triggers the activity of COX and leads to increased PGE2 levels. Future studies evaluating agents which block the formation of eicosanoids derived from n‑6 PUFAs may facilitate the development and application of treatment strategies in liver injury following IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- EBRU KIRAC
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - FILIZ ÖZCAN
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - HAZAL TUZCU
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - GULSUM O ELPEK
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - MUTAY ASLAN
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
- Correspondence to: Professor Mutay Aslan, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Dumlupinar Bulvari, Antalya 07070, Turkey, E-mail:
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21
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Takasu C, Vaziri ND, Li S, Robles L, Vo K, Takasu M, Pham C, Liu S, Farzaneh SH, Foster CE, Stamos MJ, Ichii H. Treatment With Dimethyl Fumarate Attenuates Calcineurin Inhibitor-induced Nephrotoxicity. Transplantation 2015; 99:1144-50. [PMID: 25710612 PMCID: PMC4452388 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an immunosuppressive drug which has been widely used to prevent rejection after organ transplantation. However, its therapeutic use is limited by nephrotoxicity, in part mediated by oxidative stress. The present study aims to investigate the protective effects of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) on CsA-induced nephrotoxicity by enhancing the antioxidant defense system. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with CsA (n = 8, 20 mg/kg per day intraperitoneally) or CsA + DMF (n = 7, 50 mg/kg per day orally) for 28 days. Renal function, histopathology, malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase levels, and antioxidant enzyme expression were determined. RESULTS The DMF cotreatment ameliorated CsA-induced renal dysfunction as evidenced by significant decrease in serum creatinine (CsA 0.79 ± 0.02 mg/dL vs CsA + DMF 0.62 ± 0.04 mg/dL, P = 0.001) and urea (CsA 66.9 ± 0.4 mg/dL vs CsA + DMF 53.3 ± 2.6 mg/dl, P < 0.0001) levels, as well as improvement of creatinine clearance. Dimethyl fumarate also significantly decreased serum MDA and renal tissue MDA and myeloperoxidase contents. The protein expression of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1, a major cellular antioxidant and detoxifying enzyme, was significantly enhanced by DMF administration in kidney. CONCLUSIONS Administration of DMF has a protective potential against CsA nephrotoxicity. The protection afforded by DMF is mediated in part through inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation and enhancing the antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Takasu
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Shiri Li
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lourdes Robles
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kelly Vo
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mizuki Takasu
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Christine Pham
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Shuman Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Michael J Stamos
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hirohito Ichii
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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22
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Cheng P, Wang F, Chen K, Shen M, Dai W, Xu L, Zhang Y, Wang C, Li J, Yang J, Zhu R, Zhang H, Zheng Y, Lu J, Zhou Y, Guo C. Hydrogen sulfide ameliorates ischemia/reperfusion-induced hepatitis by inhibiting apoptosis and autophagy pathways. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:935251. [PMID: 24966472 PMCID: PMC4055384 DOI: 10.1155/2014/935251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is an important clinical problem, and its consequences can seriously threaten human health. Apoptosis and autophagy have been shown to contribute to cell death in hepatic I/R injury. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the third most common endogenously produced gaseous signaling molecule and is known to exert a protective effect against hepatic I/R injury. In this study, the purpose is to explore both the effect and mechanism of H2S on hepatic I/R injury. METHODS Balb/c mice were randomized into Sham, I/R, or two doses (14 μmol/kg and 28 μmol/kg) of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, an H2S donor) preconditioning groups. RESULTS NaHS significantly reduced the levels of TNF- α and IL-6 at 12 h and 24 h after injection compared with ischemia/reperfusion challenge alone. The expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Beclin-1, and LC3, which play important roles in the regulation of the apoptosis and autophagy pathways, was also clearly affected by NaHS. Furthermore, NaHS affected the p-JNK1, p-ERK1, and p-p38. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that H2S attenuates hepatic I/R injury, at least in part, by regulating apoptosis through inhibiting JNK1 signaling. The autophagy agonist rapamycin potentiated this hepatoprotective effect by reversing the inhibition of autophagy by H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Kan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Miao Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Weiqi Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tongren Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Chengfen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Rong Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College of the Tenth People's Hospital of Nangjing Medical University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yingqun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
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23
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Aslan M, Özcan F, Tuzcu H, Kıraç E, Elpek GO. Inhibition of neutral sphingomyelinase decreases arachidonic acid mediated inflammation in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:7814-23. [PMID: 25550821 PMCID: PMC4270595 DOI: pmid/25550821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the role of selective neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) inhibition on arachidonic acid (AA) mediated inflammation following liver ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Selective N-SMase inhibitor was administered via intraperitoneal injections. Liver IR injury was created by clamping blood vessels supplying the median and left lateral hepatic lobes for 60 min, followed by 60 min reperfusion. Levels of AA in liver tissue were determined by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) using ultra fast-liquid chromatography (UFLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂), cyclooxygenase (COX) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) were measured in liver tissue. Arachidonic acid levels, activity of PLA₂, COX and PGE₂ levels were significantly increased in postischemic liver tissue compared to nonischemic controls. N-SMase inhibition significantly decreased COX activity and PGE₂ levels in postischemic liver. Future studies evaluating agents blocking N-SMase activity can facilitate the development of treatment strategies to alleviate inflammation in liver I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutay Aslan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Filiz Özcan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Hazal Tuzcu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Ebru Kıraç
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Gulsum O Elpek
- Department of Pathology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine Antalya 07070, Turkey
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24
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Furka A, Németh N, Pető K, Szentkereszty Z, Tóth L, Furka I, Mikó I, Sápy P. [Data on liver enzyme and histological changes caused by intermittent clampings of the hepatoduodenal ligament in an experimental model]. Magy Seb 2013; 66:166-70. [PMID: 23782605 DOI: 10.1556/maseb.66.2013.3.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent compression of the structures of the hepatoduodenal ligament, is often performed during liver surgery. As a result, changes in hepatic blood supply and consequent reperfusion induced tissue damages will develop. Ischemia-reperfusion injury, which occur in local and distant regions, influence outcome of hepatic surgery, and it is in close correlation with the duration of hypoxia during the intervention. In animal model the effect of Baron/Pringle manoeuvre was investigated in terms of changes in liver function tests and histology. The study was carried out on 12 Beagle dogs, clamping of the hepatoduodenal ligament for 3×15 minutes then half an hour reperfusion was performed followed by blood and tissue sampling. Significant histological changes were observed both in the liver as well as the small intestine. In terms of liver function changes, GPT elevation occurred the earliest, GOT and LDH were also increased at the end of the 30 minutes reperfusion. In this animal model, the third 15 minutes compression turned out to be too long. Elevation in GPT levels was the most sensitive marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Furka
- Debreceni Egyetem, Orvos- és Egészségtudományi Centrum, Onkológiai Intézet, Sugárterápia Tanszék, 4032 Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98.
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25
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Hara Y, Akamatsu Y, Maida K, Kashiwadate T, Kobayashi Y, Ohuchi N, Satomi S. A new liver graft preparation method for uncontrolled non-heart-beating donors, combining short oxygenated warm perfusion and prostaglandin E1. J Surg Res 2013; 184:1134-42. [PMID: 23688794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To resolve the shortage of donors associated with liver transplantation, the potential uncontrolled non-heart-beating donor (UNHBD) pool is expected to increase. However, warm ischemia-reperfusion injury leads to inferior survival in transplantation using the grafts from UNHBD compared with those from heart-beating donors. To overcome this problem, we developed a new method for preparation of liver grafts from UNHBDs consisting of a combination of short oxygenated warm perfusion (SOWP) and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). METHODS Using an ex vivo perfusion rat model, we examined the effectiveness of this new method. RESULTS Using SOWP and PGE1 treatment, the total amount of bile production during reperfusion in UNHBD grafts was increased to the same level as that in the heart-beating donor grafts. The addition of PGE1 to SOWP buffer decreased aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase and tumor necrosis factor α levels during 1 h of reperfusion. Necrosis and apoptosis were significantly decreased by SOWP + PGE1 treatment. SOWP + PGE1 ameliorated induction of mitochondrial permeability transition, and the total amount of mitochondrial cytochrome c in the SOWP + PGE1 group after reperfusion was kept significantly higher than that in the no treatment group. Cytosolic c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase activation was significantly suppressed by SOWP + PGE1. Decrease in mitochondrial Bcl-2 was suppressed by SOWP alone and SOWP + PGE1 treatment, and Bax in the mitochondria was significantly suppressed by SOWP + PGE1. CONCLUSION SOWP and PGE1 prior to cold preservation significantly improved the function of liver grafts that underwent warm ischemia-reperfusion injury. Therefore, this method might be useful in liver transplantation using UNHBD grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Hara
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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26
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Aydogan M, Yucel A, Erdogan M, Polat A, Cetin A, Ucar M, Duran Z, Colak C, Durmus M. Effects of Oral β- Glucan on Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:487-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.07.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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27
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Gap junctions and non-neoplastic liver disease. J Hepatol 2012; 57:655-62. [PMID: 22609308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Because of their critical role as goalkeepers of hepatic homeostasis, gap junctions are frequent targets in liver disease. This concept has been demonstrated on many occasions in the light of hepatocarcinogenesis. Relatively little focus has been put on the fate of gap junctions in other liver pathologies, including hepatitis, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, cholestasis and hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury. The present paper provides an in-depth description of the multiple changes in expression, localization and function of connexins, the molecular constituents of gap junctions. The use of connexins as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in liver disease is also illustrated.
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28
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Dogan S, Ozlem Elpek G, Kirimlioglu Konuk E, Demir N, Aslan M. Measurement of intracellular biomolecular oxidation in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury via immuno-spin trapping. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:406-14. [PMID: 22634144 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) can lead to liver failure in association with remote organ damage, both of which have significant rates of morbidity and mortality. In this study, novel spin trapping and histopathological techniques have been used to investigate in vivo free radical formation in a rat model of warm liver I/R injury. 5,5-Dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) was administered to rats via intraperitoneal injection at a single dose of 1.5g of pure DMPO/kg body wt 2h before the initiation of liver ischemia. Blood vessels supplying the median and left lateral hepatic lobes were occluded with an arterial clamp for 60min, followed by 60min reperfusion. The effects of DMPO on I/R injury were evaluated by assessing the hepatic ultrastructure via transmission electron microscopy and by histopathological scoring. Immunoelectron microscopy was performed to determine the cellular localization of DMPO nitrone adducts. Levels of nitrone adducts were also measured to determine in situ scavenging of protein and DNA radicals. Total histopathological scoring of cellular damage was significantly decreased in hepatic I/R injury after DMPO treatment. DMPO treatment significantly decreased the hepatic conversion of xanthine oxidase and 4-hydroxynonenal formation in I/R injury compared to the untreated I/R group. The distribution of gold-nanoparticle-labeled DMPO nitrone adducts was observed in mitochondria, cytoplasm, and nucleus of hepatocytes. The formation of protein- and DNA-nitrone adducts was increased in DMPO-treated I/R livers compared to DMPO controls, indicating increased in situ protein and DNA radical formation and scavenging by DMPO. These results suggest that DMPO reduces I/R damage via protection against oxidative injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Dogan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Akdeniz University Medical School, Antalya, Turkey
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29
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17β-estradiol attenuates reduced-size hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibition apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway in rats. Shock 2012; 37:183-90. [PMID: 22089190 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31823f1918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 17β-estradiol (E2) on hepatocyte apoptosis after reduced-size hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and its mechanism. A rat model of reduced-size hepatic I/R injury was established. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into sham, I/R, and E2 + I/R group. 17β-Estradiol (4 mg/kg) or the vehicle was administered i.p. 1 h before ischemia and immediately after operation. For each group, 10 rats were used to investigate the survival during a week after reperfusion. Blood samples and liver tissues were obtained in the remaining animals after 3, 6, 12, and 24 h of reperfusion to assess serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, liver tissue malondialdehyde concentration, superoxide dismutase activity, and histopathologic changes. Apoptosis ratio; expression of cytochrome c, Bcl-2, and Bax proteins; and enzymatic activities of caspase 9 and caspase 3 were performed in the samples at 12 h after reperfusion. The serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels and tissue malondialdehyde concentration were increased in the I/R group, whereas the increase was significantly reduced by E2. The superoxide dismutase activity, depressed by I/R injury, was elevated back to normal levels by treatment with E2. Severe hepatic damage was observed by light microscopy in the I/R group, whereas administration of E2 resulted in tissue and cellular preservation. Furthermore, E2 inhibited hepatocellular apoptosis by upregulating the ratio of Bcl-2 and Bax expression, reduced cytosolic cytochrome c level, and decreased caspase 9 and caspase 3 activities. The 7-day survival rate was significantly higher in the E2 + I/R group than in the I/R group. These results indicated that E2 protects liver tissues from reduced-size hepatic I/R injury by suppressing mitochondrial apoptotic pathways.
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30
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Liu QY, Li L, Li XY, Chen G, Zhao YP, Bai JH, Zhu XF. Liver graft injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion secondary to retrograde reperfusion. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:1550-1554. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i15.1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the influence of retrograde reperfusion on ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model of liver transplantation.
METHODS: Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats undergoing orthoptic liver transplantation were divided into three groups (n = 12 for each group): group 1, antegrade reperfusion via the portal vein; group 2, antegrade reperfusion simultaneously via the portal vein and hepatic artery; group 3: retrograde reperfusion via the vena cava. Serum parameters were determined 1, 6 and 24 h after operation. Liver samples were taken for histological assessment. Cell apoptotic index was determined.
RESULTS: Rats of group 3 showed significantly lower serum level of aspartate aminotransferase compared to groups 1 and 2 (968.4 U/L ± 221.5 U/L vs 1 801.6 U/L ± 324.5 U/L, 2 564.1 U/L ± 410.3 U/L, P = 0.003, 0.000). Serum level of aspartate aminotransferase was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2. The liver of rats of group 3 showed significantly less leukocytic infiltrates compared to groups 1 and group 2. The apoptotic index was lower in group 3 than in group 1 and 2.
CONCLUSION: Retrograde reperfusion leads to a lower level of ischemia/reperfusion injury than antegrade reperfusion in rats undergoing liver transplantation.
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