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Brown J, Poonsuk K, Cheng TY, Rademacher C, Kalkwarf E, Tian L, McKeen LA, Wang C, Gimenez-Lirola L, Baum D, Karriker LA. Comparison of Two Diagnostic Assays for the Detection of Serum Neutralizing Antibody to Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040757. [PMID: 36830544 PMCID: PMC9951927 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactogenic immunity is important for the protection of piglets against many pathogens including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Circulating neutralizing antibodies levels in sow sera may help determine if a detectable immune response could confer protection to piglets. Neutralizing antibodies can be detected through various diagnostic assays. This study evaluated the diagnostic characteristics of two neutralizing antibody assays for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus neutralizing antibodies in serum of challenged gilts. Four treatment groups, control, non-vaccinated, vaccinated prior to challenge, and vaccinated following challenge, were comprised of 20 gilts. Serum sample were collected from each gilt prior to and following challenge with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Samples were evaluated for the presence of neutralizing antibodies via a fluorescent focus neutralization assay and a high-throughput neutralization assay. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for the fluorescent focus neutralization and high-throughput neutralization assays for this study were optimized at a cutoff of a dilution of 80 and 80% fluorescent reduction respectively and demonstrated moderate agreement based off the kappa statistic. The focus fluorescent neutralization and high-throughput neutralization assays can be used to monitor the status of neutralizing antibodies within animals or a population of animals. The high-throughput assay has advantages over the focus fluorescent assay in that it has a higher specificity at the indicated cut-off and the nature of the results allows for more discrimination between individual results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Brown
- Swine Medicine Education Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-515-245-4508
| | - Korakrit Poonsuk
- Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Ting-Yu Cheng
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chris Rademacher
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Erin Kalkwarf
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Liying Tian
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Lauren A. McKeen
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, 1121 Snedecor Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, 1121 Snedecor Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Luis Gimenez-Lirola
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - David Baum
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Locke A. Karriker
- Swine Medicine Education Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Kuitunen I, Renko M. Changes in the Epidemiology of Zoonotic Infections in Children: A Nationwide Register Study in Finland. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2022; 41:e113-e119. [PMID: 34966137 PMCID: PMC8920006 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Zoonotic infections are difficult to recognize in children. The age distributions and seasonal occurrences of these infections vary substantially, even among those transmitted by the same vectors, and their epidemiology may change over time. The aim was to report the incidences and trends of Borrelia burgdorferi, Puumala virus, Francisella tularensis and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus infections in the pediatric population (age 0-19) of Finland. METHODS A nationwide survey based on the National Infectious Disease Register was conducted from 1996 to 2019 and all laboratory-confirmed cases were included. Age-stratified incidences per 100,000 person-years were calculated. RESULTS Cumulative incidences were B. burgdorferi 11.2, TBE 0.4, Puumala virus 6.4 and F. tularensis 2.5 per 100,000 person-years. An increasing trend in the incidences of B. burgdorferi and TBE was observed. Borrelia expanded geographically northward and inland. Tularemia follows a 2-4-year epidemic cycle and rates are similar across age groups. Puumala incidences are highest in the older children. DISCUSSION Borrelia infections increased most rapidly in children 5-9 years of age and overall expanded geographically in Finland. Tularemia epidemic cycles were shorter than those previously reported. These results will help clinicians to identify these infections in different geographic areas and age groups in Finland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilari Kuitunen
- From the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio
- Department of Pediatrics, Mikkeli Central Hospital, Mikkeli
| | - Marjo Renko
- From the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio
- Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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3
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DIAGNOSTIC PERFORMANCE OF INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN GOPHER TORTOISES ( GOPHERUS POLYPHEMUS). J Zoo Wildl Med 2019; 49:765-769. [PMID: 30212346 DOI: 10.1638/2017-0211.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of sensitive and specific markers of inflammation poses a diagnostic challenge in sick or injured reptile patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the diagnostic performance of blood analytes associated with inflammation in healthy ( n = 24) and sick ( n = 38) gopher tortoises ( Gopherus polyphemus). Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified the following as the best-performing diagnostic tests: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.812; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.693, 0.900), absolute mature heterophils (AUC = 0.771; 95% CI = 0.646, 0.869), total leukocytes (AUC = 0.767; 95% CI = 0.642, 0.866), lactate (AUC = 0.766; 95% CI = 0.641, 0.864), and absolute immature heterophils (AUC = 0.755; 95% CI = 0.628, 0.856). These results support the clinical application of additional tools for the diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory disease in gopher tortoises. Clinicians may consider adding erythrocyte sedimentation rate and lactate to the minimum database for this species.
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Moore AR, Freeman K. Reporting results with (Un)certainty. Vet Clin Pathol 2019; 48:259-269. [PMID: 31192474 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A degree of uncertainty occurs with every measured laboratory result due to both analytical and biological variation. The tools of Total Observed error (TEO ) and dispersion based on biological variation have helped veterinary labs quantify the causes of variation that lead to measurement uncertainty (MU). International organizations recommend that the amount of MU in veterinary laboratory results be identified and communicated. The expanded measurement uncertainty (EMU), dispersion, and reporting interval adjustment have been recommended as tools to allow communication of MU to laboratory data users but are not commonly discussed in the veterinary literature. OBJECTIVE Using the vocabulary of Total Observed error and biological variation and examples from veterinary medicine, a review of the theory and application of the EMU, dispersion, and the methods for deriving an appropriate reporting interval recommended by Hawkins and Badrick, is presented. CONCLUSIONS By addressing the way that MU is communicated to users of laboratory results, the laboratory enables users to better understand the potential uncertainty associated with reported results, helps to prevent over and under-interpretation of data, and improves diagnostic accuracy and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Russell Moore
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Kathleen Freeman
- Synlabs, TDDS, The Innovation Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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5
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Rouvière O, Souchon R, Melodelima C. Pitfalls in interpreting positive and negative predictive values: Application to prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging. Diagn Interv Imaging 2018; 99:515-518. [PMID: 30177449 DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Rouvière
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Urinary and Vascular Imaging, Hôpital Edouard-Herriot, 69437 Lyon, France; Faculté de médecine Lyon Est, Université Lyon 1, 69003 Lyon, France; Inserm, U1032, LabTau, 69003 Lyon, France.
| | - R Souchon
- Faculté de médecine Lyon Est, Université Lyon 1, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - C Melodelima
- CNRS, UMR 5553, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble-Alpes, Laboratoire d'écologie Alpine, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble, France
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6
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Kim JH, van Rijn RM, van Tulder MW, Koes BW, de Boer MR, Ginai AZ, Ostelo RWGJ, van der Windt DAMW, Verhagen AP. Diagnostic accuracy of diagnostic imaging for lumbar disc herniation in adults with low back pain or sciatica is unknown; a systematic review. Chiropr Man Therap 2018; 26:37. [PMID: 30151119 PMCID: PMC6102824 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-018-0207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Main text We aim to summarize the available evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of imaging (index test) compared to surgery (reference test) for identifying lumbar disc herniation (LDH) in adult patients.For this systematic review we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL (June 2017) for studies that assessed the diagnostic accuracy of imaging for LDH in adult patients with low back pain and surgery as the reference standard. Two review authors independently selected studies, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We calculated summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity using bivariate analysis, generated linked ROC plots in case of direct comparison of diagnostic imaging tests and assessed the quality of evidence using the GRADE-approach.We found 14 studies, all but one done before 1995, including 940 patients. Nine studies investigated Computed Tomography (CT), eight myelography and six Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The prior probability of LDH varied from 48.6 to 98.7%. The summary estimates for MRI and myelography were comparable with CT (sensitivity: 81.3% (95%CI 72.3-87.7%) and specificity: 77.1% (95%CI 61.9-87.5%)). The quality of evidence was moderate to very low. Conclusions The diagnostic accuracy of CT, myelography and MRI of today is unknown, as we found no studies evaluating today's more advanced imaging techniques. Concerning the older techniques we found moderate diagnostic accuracy for all CT, myelography and MRI, indicating a large proportion of false positives and negatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ha Kim
- 1Department of General Practice, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,2Department of Family Medicine, Chung-ang University Medical Center, 102, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rogier M van Rijn
- 1Department of General Practice, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,3Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maurits W van Tulder
- 4Department of Health Sciences and EMGO-Institute for Health and Care Research, Faculty of Earth & Life Sciences, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO-Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart W Koes
- 1Department of General Practice, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel R de Boer
- 4Department of Health Sciences and EMGO-Institute for Health and Care Research, Faculty of Earth & Life Sciences, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abida Z Ginai
- 6Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Raymond W G J Ostelo
- 4Department of Health Sciences and EMGO-Institute for Health and Care Research, Faculty of Earth & Life Sciences, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO-Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle A M W van der Windt
- 7Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Arianne P Verhagen
- 3Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,8School of Physiotherapy, Graduate school of Health, University Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Heat treatment and false-positive heartworm antigen testing in ex vivo parasites and dogs naturally infected by Dirofilaria repens and Angiostrongylus vasorum. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:476. [PMID: 29143662 PMCID: PMC5688472 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heartworm antigen testing is considered sensitive and specific. Currently available tests are reported as detecting a glycoprotein found predominantly in the reproductive tract of the female worm and can reach specificity close to 100%. Main concerns regard sensitivity in the case of light infections, the presence of immature females or cases of all-male infections. Research and development have been aimed at increasing sensitivity. Recently, heat treatment of serum prior to antigen testing has been shown to result in an increase in positive antigen test results, presumably due to disruption of natural antigen–antibody complexes. Cross-reactions in dogs with both natural and experimental infections with Angiostrongylus vasorum and Spirocerca lupi have been reported, but cross-reactions with other helminths have not been extensively studied. In order to evaluate potential cross-reactivity with other canine and feline parasites, two studies were performed. Study 1: Live adults of Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilaria repens, Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Dipylidium caninum, Taenia taeniaeformis and Mesocestoides spp. larvae were washed and incubated in tubes with saline solution. All worms were alive at the time of removal from the saline. Saline solutions containing excretory/secretory antigens were then tested for heartworm with six different, commercially available antigen tests. All results were evaluated blind by three of the authors. Study 2: Sera from dogs with natural infections by A. vasorum or D. repens, living in areas free of heartworm disease, were tested with the same tests before and after heat treatment (103 °C for 10 min). Results Results suggest that antigens detected by currently available tests are not specific for D. immitis. They may give positive results through detection of different parasites’ antigens that are normally not released into the bloodstream or released in a low amount and/or bound to antibodies. Tests may even detect antigens released by male D. immitis adult worms. D. repens appears to release more detectable antigens than the other worms studied. Conclusions Cross-reaction with A. vasorum and D. repens does occur in the field and could potentially occur with other helminths. Heat treatment decreases specificity by enhancing cross-reactivity.
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Costa M, Clarke C, Mitchell S, Papasouliotis K. Diagnostic accuracy of two point-of-care kits for the diagnosis of Giardia species infection in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2017; 57:318-22. [PMID: 27251310 PMCID: PMC7166413 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to compare results obtained by ZnSO4 Flotation and SNAP ®Giardia to those generated by the new point‐of‐care tests Single and Triple Rapid. METHODS Prospective study evaluating 51 canine faecal samples submitted at a reference laboratory for the presence of Giardia spp. Kappa statistics, specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated by comparing the new tests to the combined results of ZnSO4 and SNAP tests. RESULTS There was fair (Single Rapid, j=0·434) to good (Triple Rapid, j =0·797) agreement with the reference tests. At this study's prevalence (59 to 61%), specificities and PPV were high (1·00) with both Rapid tests, but sensitivities and NPV were lower for the Single than for the Triple (0·48 vs 0·83 and 0·55 vs 0·80) tests. At lower prevalence rates, both tests exhibited a high PPV (1·00), but the NPV were higher with the Triple (0·96 to 0·99) than the Single (0·88 to 0·96) Rapid test. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Both tests exhibited excellent PPV values at all prevalence rates but an excellent NPV only at low prevalence. As the prevalence is likely to be low (<15%) in clinical settings, we propose that these tests may be helpful in the in‐house diagnosis of Giardia spp infection. However, they exhibit lower sensitivity than the combined sensitivity of ZnSO4 and SNAP tests, particularly in high prevalence settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Costa
- Diagnostic Laboratories, Langford Veterinary Services, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, Langford BS405DU
| | - C Clarke
- Diagnostic Laboratories, Langford Veterinary Services, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, Langford BS405DU
| | - S Mitchell
- Diagnostic Laboratories, Langford Veterinary Services, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, Langford BS405DU
| | - K Papasouliotis
- Diagnostic Laboratories, Langford Veterinary Services, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, Langford BS405DU
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9
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Moore AR, Coffey E, Hamar D. Diagnostic accuracy of Wright-Giemsa and rhodanine stain protocols for detection and semi-quantitative grading of copper in canine liver aspirates. Vet Clin Pathol 2016; 45:689-697. [PMID: 27701765 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine hepatic copper content has been increasing. Recognition of canine copper-associated hepatopathies is becoming more common. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to assess the diagnostic performance of Wright-Giemsa (WG) and rhodanine staining for detection of increased canine hepatic copper following a proposed cytologic protocol for semi-quantitative evaluation of liver aspirates and the effect of previous WG staining. METHODS Retrospectively, 40 canine hepatic WG-stained cytology cases were rhodanine stained. Diagnostic performance of WG staining for increased hepatic copper was evaluated. A rhodanine-stained cytologic copper grading system was developed. Prospectively, 67 canine liver samples with quantitative copper measurement, a WG-then rhodanine-stained slide, and a non-WG rhodanine-stained slide were used to assess the performance of the grading system and the effect of previous WG staining. RESULTS Copper was not described in 40 retrospective cases on initial cytologic evaluation; 8/40 cases had increased copper content after rhodanine staining or quantitative copper assessment. Prior WG staining and destaining significantly affected the cytologic copper grade but not the diagnostic performance as measured by receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. Quantitative copper concentration and previously WG-stained copper grade were moderately correlated (n = 67, ρ = .79 [.68-.87]). For detection of ≥ 600 ppm, dry weight (dw) copper, sensitivity was .75 and specificity was .97. For detection of ≥ 1500 ppm, dw copper, sensitivity was 1.0 and specificity was .97. CONCLUSIONS Wright-Giemsa staining alone does not reliably detect hepatic copper. Grading of rhodanine-stained canine hepatic cytologic samples demonstrates acceptable diagnostic performance for detection of copper content.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Russell Moore
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Emily Coffey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Dwayne Hamar
- Colorado State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Paepe D, Lefebvre HP, Concordet D, van Hoek I, Croubels S, Daminet S. Simplified methods for estimating glomerular filtration rate in cats and for detection of cats with low or borderline glomerular filtration rate. J Feline Med Surg 2015; 17:889-900. [PMID: 25518848 PMCID: PMC11112193 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x14561106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diagnosis of early feline chronic kidney disease (CKD) is challenging. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the best overall indicator of kidney function, but multisample plasma clearance methods to determine GFR are labour intensive, time consuming and stressful for feline patients. This study aimed to develop simplified methods to detect decreased GFR in cats. METHODS Data from a nine-sample combined plasma exogenous creatinine-iohexol clearance test of 73 cats were used. Limited sampling strategies were developed by comparing all sampling time combinations with the complete nine sampling times set and selecting the best sampling time combinations based on maximum relative error. By regression analysis, the ability of routine blood (serum creatinine, serum urea) and urine (urine specific gravity, urinary protein:creatinine ratio) variables to predict GFR or identify cats with low or borderline GFR was examined. Cut-off clearance marker concentrations to predict low or borderline GFR was determined at three time points after marker injection. All procedures were analysed for three clearance markers (exo-iohexol, creatinine, endo-iohexol). RESULTS For reliable estimation of GFR, at least three blood samples for clinical purposes and five blood samples for research purposes are required. Regression formulae based on routine variables did not reliably predict GFR, but accurately identified cats with low (sensitivity 96.5-98.2%; specificity 60-91.3%) or borderline (sensitivity 91.1-96%; specificity 76.5-81.8%) GFR. Clearance marker concentrations exceeding given marker cut-off concentrations also identified cats with low or borderline GFR with high sensitivities and specificities. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These simplified methods will facilitate the detection of early kidney dysfunction in cats. Early diagnosis allows timely therapeutic intervention, and future studies must reveal whether this improves the long-term outcome of cats with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Paepe
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hervé P Lefebvre
- University of Toulouse, INP, National Veterinary School of Toulouse, Clinical Research Unit, Toulouse, France
| | - Didier Concordet
- INRA, UMR 1331, Toxalim, National Veterinary School of Toulouse, 23 Chemin des Capelles, Toulouse, France
| | - Ingrid van Hoek
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium Current address: Royal Canin SAS, BP 4 - 650, Avenue de la Petite Camargue, 30470, Aimargues, France
| | - Siska Croubels
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Daminet
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Flatland B, Friedrichs KR, Klenner S. Differentiating between analytical and diagnostic performance evaluation with a focus on the method comparison study and identification of bias. Vet Clin Pathol 2014; 43:475-86. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bente Flatland
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN USA
| | - Kristen R. Friedrichs
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI USA
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12
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Jeffery U, Deitz K, Hostetter S. Positive predictive value of albumin: globulin ratio for feline infectious peritonitis in a mid-western referral hospital population. J Feline Med Surg 2012; 14:903-5. [PMID: 22811479 PMCID: PMC11108018 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x12454862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Low albumin to globulin ratio has been found previously to have a high positive predictive value for feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in cats with clinical signs highly suggestive of the disease. However, FIP can have a more vague clinical presentation. This retrospective study found that the positive predictive value of an albumin:globulin (A:G) ratio of <0.8 and <0.6 was only 12.5% and 25%, respectively, in a group of 100 cats with one or more clinical signs consistent with FIP. The negative predictive value was 100% and 99% for an A:G ratio of <0.8 and A:G<0.6%, respectively. Therefore, when the prevalence of FIP is low, the A:G ratio is useful to rule out FIP but is not helpful in making a positive diagnosis of FIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unity Jeffery
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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Ruaux CG, Carney PC, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM. Estimates of biological variation in routinely measured biochemical analytes in clinically healthy dogs. Vet Clin Pathol 2012; 41:541-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2012.00473.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig G. Ruaux
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Oregon State University
| | - Patrick C. Carney
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Oregon State University
| | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- The Gastrointestinal Laboratory; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University
| | - Jörg M. Steiner
- The Gastrointestinal Laboratory; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University
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14
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Braun JP. It's odd not to use odds. Vet Clin Pathol 2011; 40:410-411. [PMID: 22136473 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2011.00380.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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