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Lai YY, Horta RDS, Almendros A, Ha PWY, Giuliano A. L-LOP/LOPP for the treatment of canine gastrointestinal/hepatosplenic lymphoma. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1373180. [PMID: 38846784 PMCID: PMC11153818 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1373180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine gastrointestinal (GI) and hepatosplenic (HS) high-grade (large cell) lymphomas are uncommon forms of canine lymphomas, with a very poor response to chemotherapy and a very poor prognosis. Currently, there are no established effective chemotherapy protocols for canine GI/HS lymphomas. This case series aimed to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy of lomustine-based protocols L-LOP (L-asparaginase, lomustine, vincristine, and prednisolone) and L-LOPP (with the addition of procarbazine) for treatment of canine GI/HS lymphomas. Medical records of dogs with cytologically or histologically diagnosed lymphoma at CityU Veterinary Medical Centre from 2019 to 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. The L-LOP/LOPP treatment protocol was well tolerated with rare severe adverse events. Median progression-free survival for GI and HS lymphoma was 56 days (range, 10-274 days) and 57 days (range 8-135 days) respectively; while median survival time for GI and HS lymphoma was 93 days (range 10-325 days) and 210 days (range 8-240 days) respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ying Lai
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rodrigo dos Santos Horta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Angel Almendros
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- CityU Veterinary Medical Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick W. Y. Ha
- CityU Veterinary Medical Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Antonio Giuliano
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- CityU Veterinary Medical Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Perfetti S, Mugnai M, Citi S, Marconato L, Foglia A, Sabattini S, Linta N, Diana A. Role of CT in the Staging of Colorectal Tumors: A Preliminary Study on 10 Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1521. [PMID: 38891567 PMCID: PMC11171116 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to define the CT features of colorectal tumors in dogs and assess CT's role in tumor staging. It was a retrospective, multicenter, descriptive study involving dogs with a cyto-histopathological diagnosis of colorectal tumors and high-quality pre- and post-contrast CT scans of the abdomen. CT successfully identified colorectal lesions in all cases, showing variations such as wall thickening, presence of masses, and luminal stenosis. It also detected lymph node involvement. Overall, this study helps us to understand the CT features of both epithelial and mesenchymal colorectal tumors, emphasizing CT's importance in staging and surgical planning for affected dogs. Larger studies are needed to identify specific CT findings for different colorectal neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Perfetti
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (L.M.); (A.F.); (S.S.); (N.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Martina Mugnai
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario di Novara, 28060 Granozzo con Monticello, Italy;
| | - Simonetta Citi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (L.M.); (A.F.); (S.S.); (N.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Armando Foglia
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (L.M.); (A.F.); (S.S.); (N.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Silvia Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (L.M.); (A.F.); (S.S.); (N.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Nikolina Linta
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (L.M.); (A.F.); (S.S.); (N.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Alessia Diana
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (L.M.); (A.F.); (S.S.); (N.L.); (A.D.)
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Hayes A, Hughes K, Hare C, Peschard L, Lara AS, Schiavo L, Dobson J. T-cell lymphoma involving the rectum of a dog. J Comp Pathol 2023; 207:87-90. [PMID: 37995445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
A mediastinal mass was diagnosed in a 7-year-4-month-old neutered female mixed breed dog following a 3-week history of lethargy, hyporexia and pyrexia. Bi-cavitary imaging, needle aspirate cytology and flow cytometry confirmed WHO clinical stage IVb, intermediate to large T-cell lymphoma involving the mediastinum, liver and spleen. The dog initially responded to a multidrug chemotherapy protocol but clinical deterioration occurred 3 months later. The dog presented with anorexia, vomiting and diarrhoea, associated with marked faecal tenesmus and haematochezia, initially believed by the primary care practitioner to be related to chemotherapy toxicity. However, rectal examination revealed multiple sessile and pedunculated masses. Further diagnostic imaging, cytology and flow cytometry confirmed progressive disease, including T-cell lymphoma of the rectum. Histology and immunohistochemistry confirmed an infiltrate of intermediate-sized CD3-positive neoplastic cells that expanded the rectal mucosa. Rectal lymphoma is uncommon in dogs and previous cases have been B cell in origin. In this report we describe the clinical presentation and macro- and microscopic findings of a case of canine T-cell lymphoma involving the rectum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Hayes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Katherine Hughes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Cassia Hare
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Lorraine Peschard
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Armando S Lara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Luca Schiavo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Jane Dobson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
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4
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Jo J, Son M, Chae Y, Yun T, Koo Y, Lee D, Kang HG, Kang BT, Yang MP, Kim H. T-cell lymphoma infiltrating the uterus and ovaries of a Golden Retriever: a case report. Ir Vet J 2023; 76:23. [PMID: 37700381 PMCID: PMC10498590 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-023-00252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of female genital system infiltration of T-cell lymphoma in veterinary literature. CASE PRESENTATION A 1.5-year-old, intact female Golden Retriever was referred due to melena and hyporexia that lasted for three weeks. Fever (40.5℃), tachycardia, tachypnoea, pale mucous membranes, and purulent vaginal discharge were identified on physical examination. Blood analyses revealed leucocytosis, anaemia, hypoalbuminemia, and increased lactate and C-reactive protein levels. On abdominal radiography, the small intestine was moderately deviated because of an oval-shaped mass (13 cm × 8.7 cm) located in the mid-abdomen. An enlarged tubular-shaped structure that had the opacity of soft tissue located in dorsal to the bladder to the middle of the abdomen, and an oval-shaped mass (5.28 cm × 3.26 cm), which was suspected to be a medial iliac lymph node located at the sixth to seventh lumbar level. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed gas and fluid in the lumen of the uterine horn with a severely thickened wall, round enlarged lymph nodes around the genitourinary system, and free fluid in the abdominal cavity. Based on these results, pyometra was suspected, and an exploratory laparotomy was performed for ovariohysterectomy. The resected ovary and uterus were macroscopically hypertrophied. Histopathological examination of the ovary and uterus revealed neoplastic proliferation of large round cells with strong immunoreactivity for CD3, indicating T-cell lymphoma. Therefore, the young dog was diagnosed with genital lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS The present report describes T-cell lymphoma infiltrating the uterus and ovaries in a young dog, which is rarely diagnosed and could aid in the differential diagnosis of genital diseases in young dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyeop Jo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyun Son
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesik Yun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonhoi Koo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohee Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Gu Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Teck Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Mhan-Pyo Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakhyun Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
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Marsilio S, Freiche V, Johnson E, Leo C, Langerak AW, Peters I, Ackermann MR. ACVIM consensus statement guidelines on diagnosing and distinguishing low-grade neoplastic from inflammatory lymphocytic chronic enteropathies in cats. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:794-816. [PMID: 37130034 PMCID: PMC10229359 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphoplasmacytic enteritis (LPE) and low-grade intestinal T cell lymphoma (LGITL) are common diseases in older cats, but their diagnosis and differentiation remain challenging. OBJECTIVES To summarize the current literature on etiopathogenesis and diagnosis of LPE and LGITL in cats and provide guidance on the differentiation between LPE and LGITL in cats. To provide statements established using evidence-based approaches or where such evidence is lacking, statements based on consensus of experts in the field. ANIMALS None. METHODS A panel of 6 experts in the field (2 internists, 1 radiologist, 1 anatomic pathologist, 1 clonality expert, 1 oncologist) with the support of a human medical immunologist, was formed to assess and summarize evidence in the peer-reviewed literature and complement it with consensus recommendations. RESULTS Despite increasing interest on the topic for clinicians and pathologists, few prospective studies were available, and interpretation of the pertinent literature often was challenging because of the heterogeneity of the cases. Most recommendations by the panel were supported by a moderate or low level of evidence. Several understudied areas were identified, including cellular markers using immunohistochemistry, genomics, and transcriptomic studies. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE To date, no single diagnostic criterion or known biomarker reliably differentiates inflammatory lesions from neoplastic lymphoproliferations in the intestinal tract of cats and a diagnosis currently is established by integrating all available clinical and diagnostic data. Histopathology remains the mainstay to better differentiate LPE from LGITL in cats with chronic enteropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Marsilio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and EpidemiologyUC Davis School of Veterinary MedicineDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Valerie Freiche
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'AlfortCHUVA, Unité de Médecine InterneMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Eric Johnson
- Department of Surgical & Radiological SciencesUC Davis School of Veterinary MedicineDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Chiara Leo
- Anicura Istituto Veterinario NovaraNovaraItaly
| | | | | | - Mark R. Ackermann
- Oregon Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
- Present address:
US Department of AgricultureNational Animal Disease CenterAmesIowaUSA
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Siwińska N, Żak-Bochenek A, Paszkowska M, Karczewski M, Długopolska D, Haider W. Retrospective Evaluation of the Most Frequently Observed Histological Changes in Duodenal and Rectal Mucosal Biopsies in Horses with Recurrent Colic. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243527. [PMID: 36552447 PMCID: PMC9774437 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colic, a condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract of horses, manifests as severe pain and may be a life-threatening condition. It is possible to distinguish between an acute, disposable process, as well as recurrent colic symptoms (abdominal pain) caused by an ongoing chronic inflammatory process. This paper presents a retrospective analysis of the histopathological findings of duodenal and rectal samples taken from horses with recurrent colic, with the aim to determine the frequency and extent of inflammation. The samples, i.e., duodenal biopsy (60 samples) and rectal biopsy (17 samples), were taken from 77 horses showing recurrent colic symptoms. Histopathological examination included staining with hematoxylin and eosin. The examination included evaluation of the superficial epithelium, mucosal lamina propria, and submucosa. All samples from the duodenum and rectum showed the presence of leukocyte infiltration in the mucosal lamina propria. The most frequently observed cellular infiltration was a moderate infiltration consisting of lymphocytes and plasma cells in duodenum and mixed populations of plasma cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophilia in the rectum. Mott cells were also noted among the inflammatory infiltrates. More than one-fourth of the horses were found to have shortened intestinal villi. The results presented here showed the involvement of inflammation in the course of recurrent colic, which can be both its cause (by impairing motility and absorption) and its effect (as a result of obstruction or ischemia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Siwińska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Żak-Bochenek
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Maciej Karczewski
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dorota Długopolska
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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7
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Gonzalez-Astudillo V, Navarro MA, Moore J, Uzal FA. Colonic mucinous adenocarcinoma in a tufted deer: differential diagnosis and literature review. J Vet Diagn Invest 2022; 34:983-989. [PMID: 36056527 PMCID: PMC9597348 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221123007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An 18-y-old female tufted deer (Elaphodus cephalophus) had a short history of chronic diarrhea, progressive weight loss, and hindlimb instability. Given the poor prognosis, the deer was euthanized and submitted for postmortem examination. The most significant gross finding was segmental and multinodular mural thickening of the proximal colon. On cut surface of the affected colonic segments, 0.5-2-cm diameter, intramural, multiloculated, cystic structures containing gray, translucent, gelatinous material elevated the edematous mucosa. Microscopically, the intramural cystic structures were filled with mucinous matrix admixed with foamy macrophages, and lined by discontinuous segments of well-differentiated columnar, pancytokeratin-positive epithelium with basilar nuclei. Multifocally, transition was observed from hyperplastic mucosal crypt epithelium to dysplastic or neoplastic columnar and flattened epithelium lining submucosal and serosal cysts. Cyst lumina were irregularly disrupted by polypoid ingrowths of collagenous tissue covered by attenuated epithelium. Based on these findings, we diagnosed a well-differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma. Although intestinal adenocarcinomas have been described in humans and animals, they are considered uncommon in most domestic species, except for sheep, for which genetic and environmental factors appear to influence occurrence. Our report addresses the knowledge gap regarding intestinal adenocarcinomas affecting cervids and specifically the tufted deer, a less-studied, near-threatened Asian cervid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauricio A. Navarro
- Instituto de Patología Animal,
Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile,
Valdivia, Chile
| | - Janet Moore
- California Animal Health and Food
Safety Laboratory (CAHFS), San Bernardino Branch, University of
California–Davis, CA, USA
| | - Francisco A. Uzal
- California Animal Health and Food
Safety Laboratory (CAHFS), San Bernardino Branch, University of
California–Davis, CA, USA
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8
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Rimpo K, Hirabayashi M, Tanaka A. Lymphoma in Miniature Dachshunds: A retrospective multicenter study of 108 cases (2006-2018) in Japan. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:1390-1397. [PMID: 35621114 PMCID: PMC9308406 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Miniature Dachshunds (MD) are predisposed to lymphoma with disease onset of young age and long‐term survival. Objectives To compare clinical features and survival time of lymphoma in MD and non‐MD. Animals One hundred and eight MDs with lymphoma and 149 non‐MD breed dogs with lymphoma were included in the study. Methods This was a retrospective multicenter observational study. Lymphoma was classified based on signalment, histopathology/cytology, and anatomical site of the disease. For each type of lymphoma, median survival time was analyzed by Kaplan‐Meier estimates and life table analysis. Prognostic factors for large‐cell gastrointestinal lymphoma (LGIL) were analyzed using Cox regression. Results Gastrointestinal lymphomas were more common in MDs (53/108) compared to non‐MDs (41/149). The multicentric lymphoma was most common in non‐MD breed dogs (74/149) compared to MDs (33/108). The median age that dog developed lymphoma in MD and non‐MD were both 10 years old; however, lymphomas were more frequently observed in younger dogs (<4 years) in MDs (20/108) compared to non‐MDs (9/149; P = .002). Seventy percent were diagnosed with B‐cell with median age of diagnosis was 3 (1‐14) years. Mott cell differentiation was observed in 6 dogs. Age <4 years and B‐cell phenotype were significant factors for longer survival time in MD with LGIL. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Lymphomas in MDs involved gastrointestinal lesions at higher frequency compared to other dog breeds examined. B‐cell lymphoma was more common in early‐onset LGIL in MD and cases that involved Mott cell differentiation were observed. Awareness of this specific presentation of lymphoma in dogs will possibly affect the treatment decision process for the owners of MD with LGIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Rimpo
- Saitama Animal Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Aki Tanaka
- Nippon Veterinary Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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Novel Multicentric Hepatic Lymphoma with Extrahepatic Biliary Obstruction Associated with Duodenal Perforation in a Cat. Case Rep Vet Med 2021; 2021:5808886. [PMID: 34925932 PMCID: PMC8677407 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5808886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An 11-year-old male castrated domestic shorthair cat was presented for evaluation due to clinical deterioration and potential extrahepatic biliary obstruction (EHBO). Further investigations confirmed EHBO and revealed severe and previously unreported comorbidities. On initial examination, the cat was markedly icteric with a poor body condition score and severe muscle wasting. Serum chemistry and complete blood count showed evidence of cholestasis and anemia. Primary diagnostics and therapeutics targeted these abnormalities. Abdominal ultrasound revealed peritoneal effusion, multifocal mixed echogenic hepatic and splenic foci, small intestinal thickening, cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis, and common bile duct and pancreatic duct dilation with evidence of obstruction. Peritoneal effusion cytology confirmed septic peritonitis. Hepatic and splenic cytology was consistent with lymphoma. Based on these results, euthanasia was elected by the owners of the animal. Necropsy confirmed the ultrasound diagnoses, septic peritoneal effusion associated with a duodenal perforation, multiorgan lymphoma, and common bile duct carcinoma. Flow cytometry classified the lymphoma as a double-negative phenotype of T-cell lymphoma (CD3+ and CD5+, but CD4- and CD8-) present in the duodenum and liver and suspected in the spleen which has previously not been reported in cats. This case report documents a cat with EHBO caused by multiple disease processes including a novel T-cell lymphoma phenotype, biliary carcinoma, duodenal perforation and septic abdomen, and choleliths, as well as inflammatory hepatobiliary disease.
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Wolfesberger B, Burger S, Kummer S, Walter I, Tichy A, Klinger S, Alton K, Burgener IA, Liehmann L, Hammer SE, Rütgen BC, Fuchs-Baumgartinger A. Proliferation Activity in Canine Gastrointestinal Lymphoma. J Comp Pathol 2021; 189:77-87. [PMID: 34886989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal lymphomas are uncommon in dogs and little is known about their distinct subtypes or proliferation rate. The aim of this study was to stratify 33 canine gastrointestinal lymphoma samples according to the latest World Health Organization classification and to determine the Ki67 proliferation index by manual counting, digital image analysis and visual estimation. The Ki67 index was then correlated with subtype, immunophenotype, mitotic index, grade and tumour location. The mitotic index correlated positively with the Ki67 index. A significantly higher number of Ki67-positive cells was found in enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma type I and in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma compared with enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma type II. There was also a significant difference in Ki67 immunolabelled cells between grade 1 and grade 2 lymphomas. Moderate agreement was found between the Ki67 index as obtained by manual counting and visual estimation, but there was strong agreement between manual counting and digital image analysis. The user-friendly digital imaging system used in this study could have potential for future determination of the Ki67 index in lymphoid neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitt Wolfesberger
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Stefanie Burger
- VetCORE-Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Kummer
- VetCORE-Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Walter
- VetCORE-Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Tichy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Klinger
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klemens Alton
- Practice for Veterinary Pathology, Korneuburg, Austria
| | - Iwan A Burgener
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lea Liehmann
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine E Hammer
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna
| | - Barbara C Rütgen
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna
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Concordance of the Histopathologic Diagnosis of Concurrent Duodenal and Ileal Biopsy Specimens in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102938. [PMID: 34679959 PMCID: PMC8532859 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Histopathologic discordance between gastrointestinal (GI) locations in canine chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) has prompted recommendations to biopsy both the duodenum and ileum, while further evaluation is required for non-CIE. We aimed to determine the concordance of histopathologic diagnosis between duodenal and ileal endoscopic or full-thickness biopsy specimens for all dogs with CIE and GI neoplasia and to assess the association between histopathologic discordance between GI locations with clinicopathologic variables. Seventy-nine dogs were eligible, with endoscopic (74) or full-thickness (5) biopsy specimens. Clinicopathological data were recorded for all dogs. Concordance of histopathologic diagnosis was retrospectively assessed for concurrent duodenal and ileal biopsy specimens by a single board-certified veterinary pathologist using the modified World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) Gastrointestinal Standardization Group guidelines. Sixty-seven dogs were diagnosed with CIE and 5 with enteric-associated T-cell lymphoma-2 (EATL-2). Concordance of histologic diagnosis between duodenal and ileal sites was similar between endoscopic (73.0%) and full-thickness (80.0%) biopsy groups. For the CIE cases, lymphoplasmacytic enteritis had the highest concordance (73.0%) and eosinophilic enteritis the least (16.7%). Of the 5 neoplastic cases, 5/5 (100%) were present at the duodenum but only 3/5 (60%) in the ileum. No clinicopathologic variables demonstrated a statistically significant association with discordance. We conclude that the level of discordance necessitates concurrent biopsy of both duodenum and ileum in all dogs with chronic GI signs. The rate of EATL-2 was lower than rates reported for cats.
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12
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Endoscopic Biopsies and Histopathological Findings in Diagnosing Chronic Gastrointestinal Disorders in Dogs and Cats. Vet Med Int 2020; 2020:8827538. [PMID: 33133490 PMCID: PMC7568807 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8827538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, endoscopic examination is a diagnostic tool gaining popularity in the management of gastrointestinal disorders in dogs and cats. Direct accessibility of the lumen of gastrointestinal tract combined with the mucosal biopsy provides a great diagnostic potential. Using endoscopy and endoscopically guided biopsy, one can conduct both macro- and microscopic assessment of lesions and perform many specialist adjunct examinations. Histopathological examination of mucosal biopsy specimens collected from the stomach and intestines allows us to distinguish between types of inflammations and to diagnose ulcerative, polypoid, and cancerous lesions.
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Guillén A, Rossanese M, Ricci E, German AJ, Blackwood L. Gastric Intravascular Lymphoma in a Dog: Case Report and Literature Review. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2020; 56:185. [PMID: 32182111 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Intravascular lymphoma (IVL) is a rare, high-grade, extranodal lymphoma characterized by selective proliferation of neoplastic lymphocytes within the lumen of small vessels. A 10 yr old female intact mixed-breed dog was presented with a 7 mo history of vomiting and anorexia. Physical examination revealed abdominal discomfort. Ultrasonography and endoscopy identified a submucosal gastric mass. Excision was performed by partial gastrectomy and histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed a T-cell IVL. The owner declined chemotherapy, and the dog was instead treated palliatively with prednisolone. Two months after surgery, vomiting recurred and abdominal ultrasonography revealed a large gastric ulcer with focal peritonitis. The dog was euthanized 4 mo after initial presentation and postmortem examination confirmed IVL recurrence in the stomach and an isolated nodule of neoplastic cells in the omentum. No involvement of other organs was found following histopathological examination. This is the first description of primary gastric intravascular lymphoma causing chronic vomiting in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Guillén
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science (A.G., M.R., A.J.G., L.B.), Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Sciences (E.R.), and UK Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease (A.J.G.), University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Rossanese
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science (A.G., M.R., A.J.G., L.B.), Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Sciences (E.R.), and UK Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease (A.J.G.), University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Emanuele Ricci
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science (A.G., M.R., A.J.G., L.B.), Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Sciences (E.R.), and UK Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease (A.J.G.), University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander James German
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science (A.G., M.R., A.J.G., L.B.), Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Sciences (E.R.), and UK Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease (A.J.G.), University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Blackwood
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science (A.G., M.R., A.J.G., L.B.), Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Sciences (E.R.), and UK Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease (A.J.G.), University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
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14
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Joos D, Leipig-Rudolph M, Weber K. Tumour-specific microRNA expression pattern in canine intestinal T-cell-lymphomas. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:502-508. [PMID: 31997569 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal T-cell lymphomas are common in dogs, but histopathological diagnosis remains challenging because of accompanying enteritis with lymphocyte involvement. Invasively taken full-layer biopsies are still required for reliable differentiation. The detection of specific microRNA expression patterns in canine intestinal T-cell lymphoma could provide new possibilities to differ intestinal lymphoma from benign inflammation and could lead to further understanding of lymphomagenesis. The objective of this study was to characterize microRNA expression in distinct groups of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples from canine intestinal T-cell lymphomas, lymphoplasmacellular enteritis and healthy intestinal tissue. In a preliminary test with two samples per group, total RNA was extracted (RNEasy FFPE Kit, Qiagen), reverse transcribed (miScript II RT Kit, Qiagen) and pre-amplified (miScript PreAmp PCR Kit, Qiagen). We performed comparative quantitative PCR on microRNA PCR Array plates (Qiagen) with pre-fabricated reactions for 183 different mature canine microRNAs. Subsequently, 12 microRNAs with conspicuous expression changes in the lymphoma group were selected and microRNA expression of all samples (n = 8) per group was analysed with individual microRNA assays (miScript Primer Assays, Qiagen) on the reverse transcribed RNA without pre-amplification. Our results revealed lymphoma-specific expression patterns, with down-regulation of the tumour-suppressing microRNAs miR-194, miR-192, miR-141 and miR-203, and up-regulation of oncogenic microRNAs, including microRNAs from the miR-106a~363 cluster. In addition, we detected only slight expression alterations between healthy intestinal tissue and lymphoplasmacellular enteritis cases. We conclude that microRNA expression patterns can be used to separate T-cell lymphomas from healthy tissue and benign inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Joos
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Miriam Leipig-Rudolph
- Specialty Practice for Veterinary Pathology von Bomhard and Pfleghaar, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Veterinary Pathology at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Weber
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
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15
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Taylor A, Finotello R, Vilar-Saavedra P, Couto CG, Benigni L, Lara-Garcia A. Clinical characteristics and outcome of dogs with presumed primary renal lymphoma. J Small Anim Pract 2019; 60:663-670. [PMID: 31364180 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterise the presentation, clinicopathologic data and outcome of 29 dogs with presumed primary renal lymphoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of medical records of dogs with suspected primary renal lymphoma from 11 institutions. RESULTS All dogs were substage b, and lethargy and gastrointestinal signs were common presenting complaints, as were azotaemia (n=25; 86%) and erythrocytosis (n=15; 51%) on biochemical testing. Ultrasonography typically revealed bilateral renal lesions (n=23; 79%), renomegaly (n=22; 76%) and abdominal lymphadenopathy (n=14; 48%). Chemotherapy was the only treatment in 23 dogs, of which 11 responded, all considered partial responses. For all dogs the median progression-free survival and median overall survival times were 10 days (range: 1 to 126) and 12 days (range: 1 to 212), respectively, and for dogs that responded to chemotherapy 41 days (range: 10 to 126) and 47 days (range: 10 to 212), respectively. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Primary renal lymphoma in dogs appears to be associated with a poor prognosis and short-lived response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Taylor
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - R Finotello
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GH, UK
| | - P Vilar-Saavedra
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - C G Couto
- Couto Veterinary Consultants, Hilliard, Ohio, 43026, USA
| | - L Benigni
- Youliv4 Veterinary Imaging, London, N11 1RH, UK
| | - A Lara-Garcia
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
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16
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Parachini-Winter C, Carioto LM, Gara-Boivin C. Retrospective evaluation of anemia and erythrocyte morphological anomalies in dogs with lymphoma or inflammatory bowel disease. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019; 254:487-495. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.254.4.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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18
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Tanaka T, Akiyoshi H, Mie K, Okamoto M, Yoshida Y, Kurokawa S. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography may be helpful for characterizing and staging canine gastric tumors. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2018; 60:7-18. [PMID: 30123960 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, computed tomography (CT) is a widely performed technique for the diagnosis and staging of gastric tumors. The purpose of this retrospective case series study was to describe CT findings in a group of dogs with confirmed gastric tumors. For each included dog, the following CT parameters were recorded: gastric tumor location, tumor shape, gastric involvement pattern, tumor enhancement pattern in early and late phases, presence and location of lymphadenopathy, gastric tumor attenuation values, attenuation values of enlarged lymph nodes, maximum short-axis diameter (mm) of enlarged lymph node, maximum long-axis diameter (mm) of enlarged lymph node, and short-axis diameter to long-axis diameter ratio (short axis/long axis). A total of 16 dogs met inclusion criteria and had the following final diagnoses: five lymphoma, six adenocarcinoma, three inflammatory polyps, and two leiomyoma. In the early- and delayed-phase postcontrast images, the mean CT attenuation value for lymphoma was lower than that of other gastric tumors. Lymphadenopathy was widespread in lymphomas and regional in adenocarcinomas. Lymphadenopathy was not detected in leiomyomas. Lymph node measurements in lymphoma were larger than lymph node measurements in adenocarcinoma. Although there were overlapping findings for the different types of gastric tumors, contrast-enhanced CT provided helpful information for characterizing gastric tumors based on the following criteria: early and late enhancement patterns, the site of origin of the mass lesion, and extent of local invasion and distant metastases. Lymphoma should be considered for canine gastric tumors with low mean attenuation values during early- and delayed-phase postcontrast images, and widespread, bulky, and rounded lymphadenopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano-shi, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan.,Kinki Animal Medical Training Institute & Veterinary Clinic, Higashiosaka, Osaka, 578-0984, Japan
| | - Hideo Akiyoshi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano-shi, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Mie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano-shi, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Mari Okamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano-shi, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Yuuki Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano-shi, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Shohei Kurokawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano-shi, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
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19
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DiGiovanni L, Selmic LE, Cray M, Zamprogno H. Colonic lymphoma causing colo-colonic intussusception and chronic intestinal obstruction in a four-year-old German shepherd dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2018-000616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal lymphoma accounts for approximately 7 per cent of all canine lymphomas. It is typically associated with a poor prognosis when localised to the gastrointestinal tract. This case report describes a four-year 10-month-old, male intact German shepherd dog that experienced complications relating to the presence of colonic lymphoma lesion with colo-colonic intussusception and chronic gastrointestinal obstruction, leading to severe distention and enlargement of the proximal small intestine. Surgery was performed and this dog recovered well from surgery. The colonic mass was completely excised along with a grossly abnormal appearing colonic lymph node. Postoperatively, a multidrug chemotherapy protocol was administered with success. This case demonstrates a good outcome with surgery to remove a colonic lymphoma lesion that was causing obstruction followed by adjuvant multidrug chemotherapy.
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20
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Sogame N, Risbon R, Burgess KE. Intestinal lymphoma in dogs: 84 cases (1997–2012). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018; 252:440-447. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.252.4.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Couto KM, Moore PF, Zwingenberger AL, Willcox JL, Skorupski KA. Clinical characteristics and outcome in dogs with small cell T-cell intestinal lymphoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:337-343. [PMID: 29322604 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Small cell intestinal lymphoma has not been well characterized in dogs. The objective of this study was to describe clinical characteristics and outcome in dogs with small cell intestinal lymphoma. We hypothesized that affected dogs would have prolonged survival compared with high-grade gastrointestinal (GI) lymphoma. Pathology records were searched for dogs with histologically confirmed small cell GI lymphoma. Seventeen dogs with confirmed small cell intestinal lymphoma were identified, and clinical and outcome data were retrospectively collected. Histopathology was reviewed by a board-certified pathologist, and tissue sections were subjected to immunophenotyping and molecular clonality assessment. All dogs had small cell, T-cell, lymphoma confirmed within various regions of small intestine, with 1 dog also having disease in abdominal lymph nodes. All dogs had clinical signs attributable to GI disease; diarrhoea (n = 13) was most common. Ultrasonographic abnormalities were present in 8 of 13 dogs with abnormal wall layering (n = 7) and hyperechoic mucosal striations (n = 7) representing the most common findings. In total, 14 dogs received some form of treatment. The median survival time (MST) for all dogs was 279 days and the MST for the 14 dogs that received any treatment was 628 days. Dogs with anaemia and weight loss at presentation had significantly shorter survival times and dogs that received a combination of steroids and an alkylating agent had significantly longer survival times. Small cell, T-cell, intestinal lymphoma is a distinct disease process in dogs, and those undergoing treatment may experience prolonged survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Couto
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California.,Vista Veterinary Specialists by Ethos Veterinary Health, Sacramento, California
| | - P F Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - A L Zwingenberger
- Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - J L Willcox
- Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - K A Skorupski
- Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
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22
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Volkmann M, Steiner JM, Fosgate GT, Zentek J, Hartmann S, Kohn B. Chronic Diarrhea in Dogs - Retrospective Study in 136 Cases. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 31:1043-1055. [PMID: 28703447 PMCID: PMC5508351 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic diarrhea (CD) is common in dogs, and information on frequency and distribution of primary and secondary causes is lacking. Objectives To evaluate underlying causes and predictors of outcome in dogs with CD. Animals One hundred and thirty‐six client‐owned dogs with CD (≥3 weeks duration). Methods Retrospective review of medical records (Small Animal Clinic, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany, 09/2009‐07/2011). Quantification of final diagnoses and comparison of clinical aspects including disease severity and clinicopathological abnormalities among dogs with clinical remission (either complete [gastrointestinal signs absent] or partial [clinical improvement of gastrointestinal signs and reduced episodes with shortened duration]), and those without recovery. Results Ninety percent of dogs were diagnosed with a primary enteropathy: inflammatory (71%; of those 66% dietary responsive, 23% idiopathic, 11% antibiotic responsive), infectious (13%), neoplastic (4%), and in one dog each mechanical disease or systemic vasculitis. Secondary causes were diagnosed in 10% of dogs: exocrine pancreatic (6%), endocrine (2%), and in one dog each hepatic, renal, and cardiac disease. In total, 87% of dogs had clinical remission, whereas 13% died or did not respond to treatment: Lack of recovery was frequently recorded for dogs with primary inflammatory (idiopathic) or neoplastic disease and was significantly associated with increased disease severity scores (P = .005), anemia (hematocrit < 40%, P < .001), severe hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin <2.0 g/dL, P = .008), and severe hypocobalaminemia (serum cobalamin concentration <200 pg/mL, P = .006). Conclusions and clinical importance Inflammatory enteropathies and particularly those of dietary origin were the most common causes of CD in dogs. Findings support the usefulness of hematocrit, and serum albumin and cobalamin concentration as prognostic markers in dogs with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Volkmann
- Clinic for Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - G T Fosgate
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - J Zentek
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Hartmann
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Kohn
- Clinic for Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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23
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Farghali HA, AbdElKader NA, Khattab MS, AbuBakr HO. Novel approach to gastric mucosal defect repair using fresh amniotic membrane allograft in dogs (experimental study). Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:235. [PMID: 29047409 PMCID: PMC5648434 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric mucosal defect could result from several causative factors including the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Helicobacter pylori infection, gastrointestinal and spinal cord diseases, and neoplasia. This study was performed to achieve a novel simple, inexpensive, and effective surgical technique for the repair of gastric mucosal defect. Methods Six adult male mongrel dogs were divided into two groups (three dogs each). In the control positive group (C + ve), dogs were subjected to surgical induction of gastric mucosal defect and then treated using traditional medicinal treatment for such a condition. In the amniotic membrane (AM) group, dogs were subjected to the same operation and then fresh AM allograft was applied. Clinical, endoscopic, biochemical (serum protein and lipid and pepsin activity in gastric juice), histopathological, and immunohistochemistry evaluations were performed. Results Regarding endoscopic examination, there was no sign of inflammatory reaction around the grafted area in the AM group compared to the C + ve group. The leukocytic infiltration in the gastric ulcer was well detected in the control group and was less observed in the AM group. In the AM group, the concentrations of both protein and lipid profiles were nearly the same as those in serum samples taken preoperatively at zero time, which indicated that the AM grafting acted the same as gastric mucosa. The re-epithelization of the gastric ulcer in the C + ve group was not yet detected at 21 days, while in the AM group it was well observed covering most of the gastric ulcer. AM accelerated the re-epithelization of the gastric ulcer. The fibrous connective tissue and the precursor of collagen (COL IA1) were poorly detected in the gastric ulcer with AM application. Conclusion Using fresh AM allograft for repairing gastric mucosal defect in dogs showed great impact as a novel method to achieve optimum reconstruction of the gastric mucosal architecture and restoration of pre-epithelial, epithelial, and post-epithelial normal gastric mucosal barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haithem A Farghali
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Naglaa A AbdElKader
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Marwa S Khattab
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Huda O AbuBakr
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
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24
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Lane J, Price J, Moore A, Dandrieux JRS, Clifford C, Curran K, Choy K, Cannon C. Low-grade gastrointestinal lymphoma in dogs: 20 cases (2010 to 2016). J Small Anim Pract 2017; 59:147-153. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Lane
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee Veterinary Medical Center; Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - J. Price
- Office of Information and Technology, University of Tennessee; Knoville TN 37996, USA
| | - A. Moore
- Veterinary Oncology Consultants; Lake Innes NSW 2446 Australia
| | - J. R. S. Dandrieux
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee; VIC 3010 Australia
| | - C. Clifford
- Hope Veterinary Specialists; Malvern PA 19355 USA
| | - K. Curran
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Oregon State University; Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - K. Choy
- Seattle Veterinary Specialists; Kirkland WA 98034 USA
| | - C. Cannon
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department; University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine; St. Paul MN 55108 USA
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25
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Abstract
A 14-yr- old, male harbor seal ( Phoca vitulina ) presented with depression, anorexia, and weight loss. Clinical examination revealed no specific abnormalities. Diagnostic imaging displayed an enlarged mass in the dorso-cranial abdomen. The animal was euthanized due to progressive worsening of symptoms. Grossly, severe emaciation and a massive enlargement of one mesenteric lymph node were found. Microscopically, a neoplastic round cell population with morphologic characteristics of mature lymphocytes infiltrated the mesenteric lymph node as well as the jejunal mucosa and exhibited a marked invasion of the mucosal epithelial layer. Immunohistochemically, the majority of cells expressed CD3, but not CD79α, indicating a T-cell origin of the tumor cells. Microscopic as well as immunohistochemical findings enabled the diagnosis of an epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma, a neoplasm that has yet not been described in a harbor seal.
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26
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Maeda S, Tsuboi M, Sakai K, Ohno K, Fukushima K, Kanemoto H, Hiyoshi-Kanemoto S, Goto-Koshino Y, Chambers JK, Yonezawa T, Uchida K, Matsuki N. Endoscopic Cytology for the Diagnosis of Chronic Enteritis and Intestinal Lymphoma in Dogs. Vet Pathol 2017; 54:595-604. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985817705175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although cytology is a rapid diagnostic procedure in dogs, the cytologic criteria of endoscopic biopsies for chronic enteritis and intestinal lymphoma are not well defined. An immediate diagnosis using cytology would benefit patients by enabling prompt initiation of therapy. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between the results of endoscopic cytology and histopathology. In this study, 167 dogs with clinical signs of chronic gastrointestinal disease were included. On the basis of histopathology, the following diagnoses were determined: lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis in 93 dogs; eosinophilic enteritis in 5 dogs; small cell intestinal lymphoma in 45 dogs; and large cell intestinal lymphoma in 24 dogs. Two clinical pathologists retrospectively evaluated the endoscopic cytology of squash-smear preparations. The cytologic diagnoses of inflammation, small cell lymphoma, and large cell lymphoma were based on the severity of lymphocyte infiltration, the size of infiltrated lymphocytes, and eosinophil/mast cell infiltration. The clinical severity score was significantly increased along with the degree of lymphocyte infiltration evaluated by cytology. The cytologic diagnosis was in complete agreement with the histopathologic diagnosis in 136 of 167 (81.4%) cases. For the differentiation between enteritis and lymphoma, endoscopic cytology had a sensitivity of 98.6%, a specificity of 73.5%, a positive predictive value of 72.3%, and a negative predictive value of 98.6%. The log-rank test and Cox regression analysis showed that the results of cytology predicted the prognosis. These results suggest that endoscopic cytology is a useful technique to aid diagnosis of intestinal inflammation and lymphoma in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Tsuboi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K. Sakai
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K. Ohno
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K. Fukushima
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H. Kanemoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S. Hiyoshi-Kanemoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y. Goto-Koshino
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J. K. Chambers
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T. Yonezawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K. Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N. Matsuki
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Suwa A, Shimoda T. Concurrent with T-zone lymphoma and high-grade gastrointestinal cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma in a dog. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:736-739. [PMID: 28302939 PMCID: PMC5402196 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 9-year-old, spayed female Golden Retriever dog was referred to us for lymphocytosis and
lymphadenopathy, secondary to suspected chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The dog had a
clinical history of anorexia, vomiting and melena lasting two days. The popliteal lymph
node contained small-to-intermediate lymphocytes, which led us to suspect low-grade
lymphoma. Thickened lesions in the stomach and small intestine were detected by
ultrasonography. Histopathology of the popliteal lymph node and small intestine revealed a
simultaneous presence of T-zone lymphoma (TZL) and high-grade gastrointestinal (GI)
cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma. Large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) were seen on cytological
examination. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that both lymphomas originated in
the T-cells. The dog died 15 days after diagnosis, despite chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa Suwa
- Sanyo Animal Medical Center, 357-1 Komoto, Akaiwa, Okayama 709-0821, Japan
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28
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Güssow A, Kempker K, Wurtinger G, Rydzewski L, Neiger R. Remarkably long overall survival of a 15‐month‐old Australian shepherd dog with gastric T‐cell lymphoma. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2016-000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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29
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DeGroot W, Ringwood PB, Plesman RL. What Is Your Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016; 249:891-893. [PMID: 27700277 DOI: 10.2460/javma.249.8.891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony S. Moore
- Veterinary Oncology Consultants; Wauchope New South Wales 2446 Australia
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Ozaki K, Yamagami T, Nomura K, Narama I. T-Cell Lymphoma with Eosinophilic Infiltration Involving the Intestinal Tract in 11 Dogs. Vet Pathol 2016; 43:339-44. [PMID: 16672580 DOI: 10.1354/vp.43-3-339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Among the intestinal tumors of hematopoietic cell origin, lymphoma is the most common in the dog. Herein, we characterized the clinical and pathologic features of 11 dogs (average age, 10.6 ± 2.5 years) with T-cell lymphoma of the intestinal tract with eosinophil infiltrates. No sex predominance was apparent. All had localized tumor masses in the small intestine. Grossly, the intestinal wall was thickened, and the lumen of the affected intestine was usually narrowed. Microscopically, we observed transmural diffuse invasion of round to pleomorphic tumor cells. Tumor cells showed varying morphology, from scanty to abundant cytoplasm, and round to ovoid nuclei with scattered to dense chromatin. In seven of the dogs, tumor cells had infiltrated into the epithelium. All showed infiltration of eosinophils and all 11 tumors had a T-cell phenotype (CD3+,CD79-). Only one tumor stained positive for the mast cell marker c-kit and none was positive for mast cell tryptase. We did not observe ultrastructurally apparent granules in any of the tumor cells. These results suggest that, in dogs, T-cell lymphomas of intestinal origin resemble mast cell tumors of intestinal origin with respect to cell structure and eosinophil infiltration. Therefore, in the absence of epitheliotropism, it is difficult to confirm the differential diagnosis without immunostaining for mast cell and lymphocyte markers, including mast cell tryptase, c-kit, CD3, and CD79.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ozaki
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotohge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.
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Kleinschmidt S, Meneses F, Nolte I, Hewicker-Trautwein M. Retrospective Study on the Diagnostic Value of Full-Thickness Biopsies from the Stomach and Intestines of Dogs with Chronic Gastrointestinal Disease Symptoms. Vet Pathol 2016; 43:1000-3. [PMID: 17099159 DOI: 10.1354/vp.43-6-1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An evaluation of histologic findings in full-thickness biopsies from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) from 64 dogs with chronic GIT disease symptoms was performed. In the majority of cases (38/64; 59%), intestinal lymphangiectasia and mucosal edema of unknown etiology were present. In 10 dogs (16%) an eosinophilic colitis, either alone or together with gastritis and/or enteritis, was found. In 5 dogs (8%) lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis or enterocolitis was diagnosed. Five dogs (8%) had an intestinal T-cell lymphoma. Samples from the remaining cases were histologically normal or did not allow for a final diagnosis. In contrast to reports about findings in endoscopic biopsies (which often are of varying quality or inadequate for diagnosis), in the majority of cases of this study, examination of full-thickness biopsies from the GIT allowed us to make a definitive histopathologic diagnosis. Furthermore, the study revealed that transmural biopsies are very helpful for diagnosing lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kleinschmidt
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.
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Abstract
Primary canine gastrointestinal lymphoma has been believed to be of B-cell origin based on the morphology and behavior of the neoplastic cells and the evidence from the human medical field. However, the neoplasms have not to date been characterized as to the origin of the cell population. Forty-four cases diagnosed as canine gastrointestinal lymphoma were retrieved from the records of the Veterinary Teaching Hospitals at the University of Minnesota and the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Four of the cases have been previously identified as epitheliotropic T-cell gastrointestinal lymphoma. Twenty-three of the dogs were female, with 11 intact and 12 neutered, and 21 of the dogs were male, with 12 intact and nine neutered. Sixteen breeds as well as individuals of mixed breeding were represented. The Boxer and the sharpei were the most commonly represented breeds with six individuals each. The age range of the dogs was 1.5–14.66 years, with two dogs identified as adult and two of unknown age. Archived tissue blocks of gastrointestinal samples were sectioned in duplicate and prepared for immunohistochemical staining with CD3 (T-cell marker) and CD20 (B-cell marker). In 75% of the cases examined under light microscopy, 50–95% of the neoplastic cells stained positively with CD3 and exhibited marked epitheliotropic behavior. In three of the cases, from 10% up to 50% of the neoplastic cells stained positively with CD20, with widely scattered CD3(+) cells. In the remainder of the cases, few to none of the neoplastic cells stained with either of the markers. This retrospective study shows that canine primary gastrointestinal lymphoma is more commonly of T-cell origin, rather than B-cell origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Coyle
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1102, USA
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Desmas I, Burton JH, Post G, Kristal O, Gauthier M, Borrego JF, Di Bella A, Lara-Garcia A. Clinical presentation, treatment and outcome in 31 dogs with presumed primary colorectal lymphoma (2001-2013). Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:504-517. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Desmas
- Royal veterinary College; Hatfield UK
| | - J. H. Burton
- Flint Animal Cancer Center; Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - G. Post
- The Veterinary Cancer Center; Norwalk CT USA
| | - O. Kristal
- Chavat Daat Veterinary Speciality Center; Beit Berl Israel
| | - M. Gauthier
- Mississauga Oakville Veterinary Emergency Hospital and Referral Services; Oakville ON Canada
| | - J. F. Borrego
- School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Madison-Wisconsin; Madison WI USA
| | - A. Di Bella
- Vets Now Referrals; Medicine Service; Glasgow UK
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Amorim I, Taulescu MA, Day MJ, Catoi C, Reis CA, Carneiro F, Gärtner F. Canine Gastric Pathology: A Review. J Comp Pathol 2016; 154:9-37. [PMID: 26774560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2015.10.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastric disorders are common in dogs and are a major reason for veterinary consultation. In human medicine, the classification of gastric diseases based on histological features, genotypes and molecular phenotypes helps to better understand the characteristics of each subtype, and to improve early diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Canine gastric lesions often show strong histological similarities to their human counterparts. However, such conditions in the canine stomach are poorly studied and their cellular and molecular features are largely unknown. This article reviews the histopathological classification of inflammatory and neoplastic lesions of the canine stomach and provides an update on the application of molecular techniques within the field of canine gastric pathology. The canine disorders are compared with current knowledge of the equivalent human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Amorim
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidadedo Porto, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho nr. 45, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nr. 228, Porto, Portugal
| | - M A Taulescu
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - M J Day
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, UK
| | - C Catoi
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - C A Reis
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidadedo Porto, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho nr. 45, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nr. 228, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Carneiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidadedo Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nr. 228, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Gärtner
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidadedo Porto, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho nr. 45, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nr. 228, Porto, Portugal
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van Stee LL, Boston SE, Singh A, Romanelli G, Rubio-Guzman A, Scase TJ. Outcome and Prognostic Factors for Canine Splenic Lymphoma Treated by Splenectomy (1995-2011). Vet Surg 2015; 44:976-82. [PMID: 26426095 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the outcome of canine splenic lymphoma treated with splenectomy and to evaluate prognostic factors, including involvement of other sites, adjuvant chemotherapy, and the effect of World Health Organization (WHO) histological classification of canine malignant lymphoma. DESIGN Multi-institutional, retrospective study. ANIMALS Client-owned dogs (n = 28). METHODS Medical records (1995-2011) of dogs with a histological diagnosis of splenic lymphoma and treated by splenectomy submitted by Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology members were reviewed. Included were dogs treated with or without adjuvant therapy. Overall survival, disease-free interval, and cause of death were determined. Prognostic factors and the WHO histological classification of canine malignant lymphoma were evaluated with respect to outcome. RESULTS Dogs with splenic lymphoma treated by splenectomy had a 1-year survival rate of 58.8%, after which no animals died of their disease. B cell lymphoma held a better prognosis for survival than other variants of splenic lymphoma. Marginal zone lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma were the most common B cell lymphoma subtypes in our study. Hemoabdomen and clinical signs related to splenic lymphoma, including abdominal distention, lethargy, and anorexia, were poor prognostic indicators, whereas disease confined to the spleen was a positive prognostic indicator. Pre- or postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy did not provide a survival benefit. CONCLUSION Based on our sample population, splenectomy alone was an effective treatment for splenic lymphoma in cases with disease confined to the spleen. Chemotherapy may not improve survival in cases of lymphoma restricted to the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda L van Stee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah E Boston
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ameet Singh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | | | | | - Tim J Scase
- Bridge Pathology Ltd., Bristol, United Kingdom
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Bernardin F, Martinez Rivera L, Ragetly G, Gomes E, Hernandez J. Spontaneous gastrointestinal perforation in cats: a retrospective study of 13 cases. J Feline Med Surg 2015; 17:873-9. [PMID: 25406178 PMCID: PMC11112198 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x14558894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and the frequency of malignant vs non-malignant causes for spontaneous gastrointestinal perforation in cats. METHODS The medical records of cats diagnosed as having gastrointestinal perforation between August 2010 and July 2013 were reviewed. Diagnosis was confirmed by exploratory surgery. Patients with incomplete records, perforation due to external trauma, leakage at previous enterotomy or anastomotic sites, or foreign bodies were excluded. Each record was examined for different information pertaining to signalment, medical history, clinical and clinicopathological data, imaging findings, abdominal fluid examination, surgical findings, histopathological examination, treatment received after surgery and outcome. RESULTS Thirteen cats were included. Five of these cats had concurrent illnesses, including viral upper respiratory tract disease, pancreatitis and chronic kidney disease. Two cats had previously received non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and four had received corticosteroids. Clinical signs and clinicopathological abnormalities were not specific. Six of 13 patients were diagnosed during surgery with gastric perforations, four patients with duodenal perforations and three patients with jejunal perforations. Histopathological examination of the ulcerated wall was performed in 11/13 cats. Alimentary lymphoma was diagnosed in six cats. Non-neoplastic lesions (lymphocytic- plasmacytic inflammatory bowel disease, necrotic suppurative enteritis) were observed in the other five cats. The major limitation of the study was the small sample size. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Lymphoma may be a frequent cause of spontaneous perforation in cats. Therefore, histological examination of ulceration is essential in all cases. The direct and sole implication of anti-inflammatory administration in a gastrointestinal perforation is not clearly established in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Bernardin
- Internal Medicine Department, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, Arcueil, France
| | - Laura Martinez Rivera
- Internal Medicine Department, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, Arcueil, France
| | - Guillaume Ragetly
- Internal Medicine Department, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, Arcueil, France
| | - Eymeric Gomes
- Internal Medicine Department, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, Arcueil, France
| | - Juan Hernandez
- Internal Medicine Department, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, Arcueil, France
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Ohmura S, Leipig M, Schöpper I, Hergt F, Weber K, Rütgen BC, Tsujimoto H, Hermanns W, Hirschberger J. Detection of monoclonality in intestinal lymphoma with polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor gene rearrangement analysis to differentiate from enteritis in dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2015; 15:194-207. [PMID: 25988583 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of canine intestinal lymphoma by morphological examination is challenging, especially when endoscopic tissue specimens are used. The utility of detection of antigen receptor gene rearrangement by polymerase chain reaction (PARR) in canine lymphoma has been well established, but its usefulness to distinguish enteritis and intestinal lymphoma remains unclear. In this retrospective study we assessed clonality of 29 primary canine intestinal lymphoma, 14 enteritis and 15 healthy control cases by PARR analysis, using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded full-thickness tissue specimens. We could detect monoclonal rearrangements in 22 of 29 canine intestinal lymphomas [76%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 56-90%] and polyclonal rearrangements in all of the enteritis and healthy control cases (100%; CI 88-100%). We revealed a predominance of T-cell phenotype compared to B-cell phenotype (85%; CI 65-96% and 15%; CI 4-35%, respectively). We showed that PARR analysis contributes to differentiation of canine intestinal lymphoma from enteritis and to phenotyping of lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ohmura
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - M Leipig
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - I Schöpper
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - F Hergt
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - K Weber
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - B C Rütgen
- Department of Pathobiology, Clinical Pathology Platform, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary, Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - W Hermanns
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - J Hirschberger
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
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Shales C. Management of non‐lymphomatous small intestinal tumours in dogs and cats. IN PRACTICE 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/inp.h259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Mutz M, Boudreaux B, Kearney M, Stroda K, Gaunt S, Shiomitsu K. Prognostic value of baseline absolute lymphocyte concentration and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in dogs with newly diagnosed multi-centric lymphoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2013; 13:337-47. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Mutz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA USA
| | - B. Boudreaux
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA USA
| | - M. Kearney
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA USA
| | - K. Stroda
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA USA
| | - S. Gaunt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA USA
| | - K. Shiomitsu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA USA
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Seim-Wikse T, Jörundsson E, Nødtvedt A, Grotmol T, Bjornvad CR, Kristensen AT, Skancke E. Breed predisposition to canine gastric carcinoma--a study based on the Norwegian canine cancer register. Acta Vet Scand 2013; 55:25. [PMID: 23514604 PMCID: PMC3617004 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-55-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research has indicated a breed predisposition to gastric carcinoma in dogs. However, results to date are inconsistent since several studies have failed to prove such a predisposition. Better knowledge of breeds at risk could facilitate early detection of gastric carcinoma in dogs. The aim of the study was to retrospectively investigate the proportion and possible breed predisposition to canine gastric carcinoma using the Norwegian Canine Cancer Register for calculations of proportional morbidity ratios (PMRs) for the period 1998–2009. Results Histologically verified tumours recorded in the Norwegian Canine Cancer Register were studied (n = 19,715). A total of 31 (0.16%) cases of canine gastric carcinomas were identified. The median age of affected dogs was 10 years. The most commonly reported clinical signs were vomiting, anorexia, and weight loss. Males had significantly higher odds of gastric carcinoma than females (P = 0.02). The PMR with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for each breed, and a breed predisposition was identified. Individuals of the breeds Tervuren (PMR 56.1), Bouvier des Flandres (PMR 36.5), Groenendael (PMR 34.5), Collie (PMR 26.1), Standard poodle (PMR 7.6), and Norwegian elkhound (PMR 6.1) had a significantly increased risk of developing gastric carcinoma. Discussion and conclusion The proportion of cases of gastric carcinoma recorded in the Norwegian Canine Cancer Register was found to be 0.16%, and a breed predisposition was identified. The breed predisposition observed in the current study indicates a genetic susceptibility to gastric carcinoma.
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Hematopoietic Tumors. WITHROW AND MACEWEN'S SMALL ANIMAL CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 2013. [PMCID: PMC7161412 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-2362-5.00032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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47
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Leib MS, Larson MM, Grant DC, Monroe WE, Troy GC, Panciera DL, Rossmeisl JH, Werre SR. Diagnostic utility of abdominal ultrasonography in dogs with chronic diarrhea. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 26:1288-94. [PMID: 23061570 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.01009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic diarrhea is common in dogs and has many causes. Ultrasonographic descriptions of many gastrointestinal diseases have been published, but the diagnostic utility of ultrasonography in dogs with chronic diarrhea has not been investigated. HYPOTHESIS Diagnostic utility of abdominal ultrasound will be highest in dogs with GI neoplasia and lowest in those with inflammatory disorders. ANIMALS 87 pet dogs with chronic diarrhea. METHODS Prospective study in which medical records were reviewed and contribution of abdominal ultrasound toward making diagnosis was scored. RESULTS In 57/87 (66%) of dogs, the same diagnosis would have been reached without ultrasonography. In 13/87 (15%) of dogs, the ultrasound examination was vital or beneficial to making the diagnosis. Univariable analysis identified that increased diagnostic utility was associated with weight loss (P = .0086), palpation of an abdominal or rectal mass (P = .0031), diseases that commonly have mass lesions visible on ultrasound examination (P < .0001), and a final diagnosis of GI neoplasia. Multivariable regression indicated that utility of abdominal ultrasonography would be 30 times more likely to be high in dogs in which an abdominal or rectal mass was palpated (odds ratio 30.5, 95% CI 5.5-169.6) (P < .0001) versus dogs without a palpable mass. In 15/87 (17%) of dogs, additional benefits of ultrasonography to case management, independent of the contribution to the diagnosis of diarrhea, were identified. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Overall, the diagnostic utility of abdominal ultrasonography was low in dogs with chronic diarrhea. Identification of factors associated with high diagnostic utility is an indication to perform abdominal ultrasonography in dogs with chronic diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Leib
- Virginia Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Maeda S, Ohno K, Nakamura K, Uchida K, Nakashima K, Fukushima K, Tsukamoto A, Goto-Koshino Y, Fujino Y, Tsujimoto H. Mucosal imbalance of interleukin-1β and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in canine inflammatory bowel disease. Vet J 2012; 194:66-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Van den Steen N, Berlato D, Polton G, Dobson J, Stewart J, Maglennon G, Hayes AM, Murphy S. Rectal lymphoma in 11 dogs - a retrospective study. J Small Anim Pract 2012; 53:586-91. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2012.01258.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Van den Steen
- Centre for Small Animal Studies; Animal Health Trust; Lanwades Park, Bury Road; Kentford; Newmarket; Suffolk CB8 7UU
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - S. Murphy
- Centre for Small Animal Studies; Animal Health Trust; Lanwades Park, Bury Road; Kentford; Newmarket; Suffolk CB8 7UU
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Dank G, Rassnick KM, Kristal O, Rodriguez CO, Clifford CA, Ward R, Mallett CL, Gieger T, Segev G. Clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome of dogs with presumed primary hepatic lymphoma: 18 cases (1992–2008). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2011; 239:966-71. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.239.7.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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