1
|
Paraschou G, Vogel PE, Lee AM, Trawford RF, Priestnall SL. Multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease in three donkeys. J Comp Pathol 2023; 201:105-108. [PMID: 36791600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease (MEED) is a rare condition of equids characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of multiple organs. Clinical signs are variable depending on the affected organs. The most common clinical signs include chronic weight loss, diarrhoea and exfoliative dermatitis. Respiratory distress and raised liver enzymes are less frequently seen. The cause is unknown and the pathogenesis is poorly understood. There are less than 50 reported cases of horses with MEED. We now document the lesions in three donkeys with fluctuating or chronic loss of weight, lethargy, exfoliative dermatitis and peripheral eosinophilia. All three animals were euthanized due to poor prognosis and welfare concerns. Post-mortem examination revealed multiple white to tan, irregular masses composed of eosinophilic infiltrates, including eosinophilic granulomas in several organs, confirming the presence of MEED. To the best of our knowledge, MEED has not previously been reported in donkeys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Paraschou
- Pathology Laboratory, The Donkey Sanctuary, Brookfield Farm, Offwell, Honiton, Devon, UK; Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis.
| | - Polly E Vogel
- Veterinary Department, The Donkey Sanctuary, Brookfield Farm, Offwell, Honiton, Devon, UK
| | | | - Ryan F Trawford
- Pathology Laboratory, The Donkey Sanctuary, Brookfield Farm, Offwell, Honiton, Devon, UK
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guija‐de‐Arespacochaga A, Kremer L, Künzel F, Schwendenwein I. Peripheral blood eosinophilia in dogs: Prevalence and associated diseases. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1458-1465. [PMID: 35654102 PMCID: PMC9297770 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine eosinophilia has not been evaluated over the last two decades. As in human local differences, changes in the prevalence and associated diseases over time can be expected. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the prevalence and causes of marked blood eosinophilia in dogs. METHODS Retrospective study. A total of 317 clinical histories of dogs with an eosinophil concentration > 1.5 × 109 /L (marked eosinophilia) between 2013 and 2017 were evaluated. Patients were allocated to 10 groups according to their major clinical findings. RESULTS Eosinophilia was present in 1,592 of 10,829 dogs (14.7%); it was mild (0.8-1.49 × 109 /L) in 78.4%, moderate (1.5 - 4.9 × 109 /L) in 20.5% and severe (> 5 × 109 /L) in 1.1% of cases. Rottweilers were overrepresented (16.1%). Of 317 cases with marked eosinophilia, 19.6% had neoplasia, 19.1% gastrointestinal disorders, 13.6% health check, 10.4% endoparasites, 6% respiratory, 5.4% neurologic, 5.4% dermatologic, 4.8% urogenital, 3.2% endocrine disorders and 12.6% miscellaneous. Lymphomas (29%) and mast cell tumours (12.9%) were the most frequent tumours in the neoplasia group. A total of 72.6% of tumour-bearing dogs were older than 8 years, while 63.6% of dogs had endoparasites, and 86% of apparently healthy dogs were younger than 5 years. Eosinophilia was significantly higher in patients with respiratory disorders (p < 0.0146). Leukocytosis was found in 50.2% of cases. CONCLUSION Malignancy was the most common cause of marked blood eosinophilia in older dogs and endoparasitism in younger dogs. Eosinophilia was common in apparently healthy young dogs and may be related to undiagnosed parasitic infestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Loïc Kremer
- KorneuburgAniCura TierklinikKorneuburgAustria
| | - Frank Künzel
- Department for Companion Animals and HorsesSmall Animal ClinicInternal MedicineUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Ilse Schwendenwein
- Department of PathobiologyClinical Pathology Platform, University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Holmberg J, Pelander L, Ljungvall I, Harlos C, Spillmann T, Häggström J. Chronic Enteropathy in Dogs-Epidemiologic Aspects and Clinical Characteristics of Dogs Presenting at Two Swedish Animal Hospitals. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121507. [PMID: 35739843 PMCID: PMC9219460 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Information about prevalence and breed predisposition of canine chronic enteropathy (CE) is limited. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate period prevalence, breed disposition, clinical features, diagnostic results, and treatment response of CE in dogs presenting at two Swedish animal hospitals during 2013−2018. A medical record search was performed to identify CE dogs including those with ≥3 visits because of gastrointestinal disease and/or that had undergone gastroduodenoscopy/colonoscopy during 2013−2018. Dog characteristics, case history, physical examination, laboratory variables, therapeutic protocol, and treatment response were recorded. Inclusion criteria for CE were met by 814 dogs. Period prevalence of CE was 1.1% of total number of dogs. Breeds with the highest relative risk included Norwegian Lundehund, West Highland White Terrier, and Miniature Poodle. Median age at presentation was 3.8 (IQR 1.8−6.8) years. French Bulldogs and Miniature Schnauzers presented at a younger age (<2.5 years) compared to other breeds (p < 0.05). In a subset of dogs, serum hypoalbuminemia (116/662, 17.5%), hypocobalaminemia (98/647, 15.1%), and increased C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations (145/267, 54.3%) were diagnosed. Treatment outcome was classified in 72.9% of dogs and characterized as immunosuppressant-responsive (55.2%), food-responsive (11.4%), non-responsive (5.2%), and antibiotic-responsive (1.1%). Non-responsive dogs were more likely to present with anemia hypoproteinemia/albuminemia, increased CRP, and ascites (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the prevalence of dogs with CE at Swedish hospitals agreed with earlier reports, but risk breeds differed slightly and, compared to other breeds, a younger age of CE onset was found in two breeds. The largest proportion of dogs was immunosuppressant-responsive and the smallest antibiotic-responsive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Holmberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas allé 8, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; (L.P.); (I.L.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lena Pelander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas allé 8, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; (L.P.); (I.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Ingrid Ljungvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas allé 8, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; (L.P.); (I.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Caroline Harlos
- Anicura Albano Animal Hospital, Rinkebyvägen 21B, 182 36 Danderyd, Sweden;
| | - Thomas Spillmann
- Departments of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, PL 57 Koetilantie 2, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Jens Häggström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas allé 8, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; (L.P.); (I.L.); (J.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Agudelo CF, Stehlik L, Filipejova Z, Koskova B, Sterbova M, Crha M. Pulmonary eosinophilic granulomatosis in a dog. VET MED-CZECH 2022; 67:150-155. [PMID: 39170594 PMCID: PMC11334768 DOI: 10.17221/136/2020-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A two-year-old female Prague Ratter dog was presented for evaluation of cough, exercise intolerance and worsening dyspnea. A previous treatment with antibiotics did not resolve the clinical signs. A diagnostic approach revealed peripheral eosinophilia, endoscopic bronchial changes, and bronchoalveolar lavage with eosinophilic inflammation. Thoracic radiographs revealed a solitary mass and bilateral interstitial lung pattern. These radiographic findings were confirmed by computed tomography and ultrasound-guided biopsy of the lung mass. Treatment with prednisolone and azathioprine was initiated. Two months afterwards, the granuloma was no longer detectable radiographically. All medication was gradually discontinued after nine months and currently, after almost three years, the dog remains free of clinical signs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ladislav Stehlik
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zita Filipejova
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Benicie Koskova
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Sterbova
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Crha
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stucchi L, Lo Feudo CM, Valli C, Serra A, Riccaboni P, Zucca E, Ferrucci F. Equine multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease in two horses in Italy. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Stucchi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Università degli Studi di Milano Lodi Italy
| | - C. M. Lo Feudo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Università degli Studi di Milano Lodi Italy
| | - C. Valli
- Sharjah Equine Hospital Sharjah UAE
| | - A. Serra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Università degli Studi di Milano Lodi Italy
| | - P. Riccaboni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Università degli Studi di Milano Lodi Italy
| | - E. Zucca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Università degli Studi di Milano Lodi Italy
| | - F. Ferrucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Università degli Studi di Milano Lodi Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Johnson LR, Johnson EG, Hulsebosch SE, Dear JD, Vernau W. Eosinophilic bronchitis, eosinophilic granuloma, and eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy in 75 dogs (2006-2016). J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:2217-2226. [PMID: 31468629 PMCID: PMC6766508 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eosinophilic lung disease is a poorly understood inflammatory airway disease that results in substantial morbidity. Objective To describe clinical findings in dogs with eosinophilic lung disease defined on the basis of radiographic, bronchoscopic, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) analysis. Categories included eosinophilic bronchitis (EB), eosinophilic granuloma (EG), and eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy (EBP). Animals Seventy‐five client owned dogs. Methods Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for dogs with idiopathic BAL fluid eosinophilia. Information abstracted included duration and nature of clinical signs, bronchoscopic findings, and laboratory data. Thoracic radiographs were evaluated for the pattern of infiltrate, bronchiectasis, and lymphadenomegaly. Results Thoracic radiographs were normal or demonstrated a bronchial pattern in 31 dogs assigned a diagnosis of EB. Nine dogs had intraluminal mass lesions and were bronchoscopically diagnosed with EG. The remaining 35 dogs were categorized as having EBP based on radiographic changes, yellow green mucus in the airways, mucosal changes, and airway collapse. Age and duration of cough did not differ among groups. Dogs with EB were less likely to have bronchiectasis or peripheral eosinophilia, had lower total nucleated cell count in BAL fluid, and lower percentage of eosinophils in BAL fluid compared to dogs in the other 2 groups. In contrast to previous reports, prolonged survival (>55 months) was documented in dogs with EG. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Dogs with eosinophilic lung disease can be categorized based on imaging, bronchoscopic and BAL fluid cytologic findings. Further studies are needed to establish response to treatment in these groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynelle R Johnson
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, The University of California School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Eric G Johnson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, The University of California School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Sean E Hulsebosch
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, The University of California School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Jonathan D Dear
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, The University of California School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California
| | - William Vernau
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, The University of California School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Reinero C. Interstitial lung diseases in dogs and cats part II: Known cause and other discrete forms. Vet J 2018; 243:55-64. [PMID: 30606440 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In addition to idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) can occur secondary to known causes or be classified as discrete syndromes. Also known as diffuse parenchymal lung diseases, the ILDs represent a heterogenous group of non-infectious, non-neoplastic disorders characterized by varied patterns of inflammation and fibrosis. Characteristically associated with the true interstitium (i.e. the anatomic space lined by alveolar epithelial cells and capillary endothelial cells and the loose-binding connective tissue), it is important to understand ILDs are associated with pathology of the distal lung parenchyma and thus lesions can be bronchiolocentric or resemble alveolar filling disorders. Injury to the distal lung can occur via inhalation or hematogenous routes. This review will build on a proposed classification scheme adapted from human medicine to describe known cause and discrete forms of ILDs in dogs and cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol Reinero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Madden VR, Schoeffler GL. Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome resulting in distal aortic thromboembolism in a dog. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2016; 26:819-824. [DOI: 10.1111/vec.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie R. Madden
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine; Ithaca NY 14853
| | - Gretchen L. Schoeffler
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine; Ithaca NY 14853
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Baqi A, Waheed S, Tipoo FA, Khan AH. Biventricular thrombus in hypereosinophilic syndrome presenting with shortness of breath. Turk J Emerg Med 2016; 16:83-85. [PMID: 27896330 PMCID: PMC5121253 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjem.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A 48 years old male presented to clinic with 12 months of low grade fever with shortness of breath which has progressively worsened with no associated weight loss, night sweats or loss of appetite. There was no prior history of chronic illness before the current illness. Laboratory workup revealed a high white blood cell count with predominant eosinophils. Chest X-ray was normal. Transthoracic echocardiography and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance showed biventricular thrombi. On further extensive workup the findings were consistent with hypereosinophilic syndrome. The patient was started on oral steroids, hydroxyurea, imatanib mesylate and oral anticoagulation. The patient responded to the treatment with complete resolution of his symptoms over the course of few months. The repeat Echocardiogram after a year showed normal left ventricular systolic and diastolic function with complete resolution of biventricular thrombi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Baqi
- Department of Cardiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Pakistan
| | - Shahan Waheed
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fateh Ali Tipoo
- Department of Cardiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Higbie CT, Eshar D, Choudhary S, Pohlman LM, Ganta CR, Andrews G. Eosinophilic Leukemia in a Pet African Hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris). J Exot Pet Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
11
|
Pucheu-Haston CM, Del Piero F. Equine multi-systemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease. EQUINE VET EDUC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Pucheu-Haston
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Louisiana State University; Louisiana USA
| | - F. Del Piero
- Pathobiology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; Louisiana USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bosseler L, Verryken K, Bauwens C, de Vries C, Deprez P, Ducatelle R, Vandenabeele S. Equine multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease: A case report and review of literature. N Z Vet J 2013; 61:177-82. [DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2012.753569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
13
|
Juopperi TA, Bienzle D, Bernreuter DC, Vernau W, Thrall MA, McManus PM. Prognostic markers for myeloid neoplasms: a comparative review of the literature and goals for future investigation. Vet Pathol 2010; 48:182-97. [PMID: 21139142 DOI: 10.1177/0300985810389317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid neoplasms include cancers associated with both rapid (acute myeloid leukemias) and gradual (myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative neoplasms) disease progression. Percentage of blast cells in marrow is used to separate acute (rapid) from chronic (gradual) and is the most consistently applied prognostic marker in veterinary medicine. However, since there is marked variation in tumor progression within groups, there is a need for more complex schemes to stratify animals into specific risk groups. In people with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), pretreatment karyotyping and molecular genetic analysis have greater utility as prognostic markers than morphologic and immunologic phenotypes. Karyotyping is not available as a prognostic marker for AML in dogs and cats, but progress in molecular genetics has created optimism about the eventual ability of veterinarians to discern conditions potentially responsive to medical intervention. In people with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), detailed prognostic scoring systems have been devised that use various combinations of blast cell percentage, hematocrit, platelet counts, unilineal versus multilineal cytopenias and dysplasia, karyotype, gender, age, immunophenotype, transfusion dependence, and colony-forming assays. Predictors of outcome for animals with MDS have been limited to blast cell percentage, anemia versus multilineal cytopenias, and morphologic phenotype. Prognostic markers for myeloproliferative neoplasms (eg, polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia) include clinical and hematological factors and in people also include cytogenetics and molecular genetics. Validation of prognostic markers for myeloid neoplasms in animals has been thwarted by the lack of a large case series that requires cooperation across institutions and veterinary specialties. Future progress requires overcoming these barriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T A Juopperi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
A 6-month-old, female, intact Rottweiler dog was presented to the Iowa State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for a progressive history of abnormal behavior and generalized ataxia. At necropsy, there was eosinophilic infiltration of the brain and spinal cord, most severe in the medulla oblongata, cerebellum, and cervical spinal cord. Infiltrates of eosinophils were also present in the liver and small intestines. The dog was diagnosed with idiopathic eosinophilic meningoencephalomyelitis based on cerebrospinal fluid analysis, histopathology, and special stains to exclude etiologic agents.
Collapse
|
15
|
James FE, Mansfield CS. Clinical remission of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome in a Rottweiler. Aust Vet J 2009; 87:330-3. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2009.00461.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
16
|
Lyles S, Panciera D, Saunders G, Leib M. Idiopathic Eosinophilic Masses of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2009; 23:818-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
17
|
Capnocytophaga cynodegmi in a rottweiler dog with severe bronchitis and foreign-body pneumonia. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46:4099-103. [PMID: 18753348 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00173-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Capnocytophaga cynodegmi is a zoonotic, gram-negative, capnophilic bacterium that is usually seen in people with infections associated with dog or cat bites. The first reported case of C. cynodegmi infection in a dog is described here.
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Several noninfectious nonneoplastic interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) have been recognized in dogs and cats. Overall, these ILDs are poorly characterized in dogs and cats, although awareness of the conditions based on descriptions of clinical case series may be increasing. Lung biopsy remains crucial to the diagnosis, characterization, and classification of ILDs. Histopathologic findings can help to guide clinicians in selecting appropriate therapy and providing an accurate prognosis to pet owners. Only with definitive recognition of these pulmonary conditions can our knowledge of the clinical course and response to therapy be improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol R Reinero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy (EBP) is a disease characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the lung and bronchial mucosa, as demonstrated by examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytologic preparations or histologic examination of the bronchial mucosa. Although the precise cause of EBP is unknown, a hypersensitivity to aeroallergens is suspected. The diagnosis relies on typical history and clinical signs, demonstration of bronchopulmonary eosinophilia by cytology or histopathologic examination, and exclusion of known causes of lower airway eosinophilia. Most dogs display an excellent response to oral corticosteroid therapy; however, side effects of this treatment can be limiting. New therapeutic approaches are being studied, including the use of aerosol therapy, cyclosporine, or drugs interfering with T helper 2 immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Clercx
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Reiter AM, Schwarz T. Computed tomographic appearance of masticatory myositis in dogs: 7 cases (1999–2006). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2007; 231:924-30. [PMID: 17867978 DOI: 10.2460/javma.231.6.924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To document computed tomography (CT) features in dogs with masticatory myositis. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 7 dogs with an immunologic diagnosis of masticatory myositis and an absence of clinical abnormalities of any skeletal muscles other than the masticatory muscles. PROCEDURES History; clinical, hematologic, biochemical, immunologic, cytologic, and histologic findings; and pre- and postcontrast CT imaging features of masticatory muscles and head and neck lymph nodes were extracted from medical records. RESULTS On CT images, changes in size (atrophy or swelling) were common for all masticatory muscles except the digastricus muscles, which were involved only in 1 dog. Pre-contrast attenuation changes, most often hypoattenuation with varied distribution patterns, were seen in masticatory muscles of 4 dogs. Contrast enhancement with a predominantly inhomogeneous distribution pattern was seen in the temporalis, masseter, and pterygoid muscles of all dogs. Head and neck lymph nodes were enlarged in all but 1 dog and had contrast enhancement with predominantly central or homogeneous distribution patterns. Muscle biopsy was performed in 6 dogs, with biopsy specimens obtained from areas that had the most obvious contrast enhancement on CT images. For all 6 dogs, biopsy specimens had histologic features indicative of masticatory myositis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that CT may be a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of masticatory myositis in dogs, including selection of sites for diagnostic muscle biopsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Reiter
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lilliehöök I, Tvedten H. Investigation of hypereosinophilia and potential treatments. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2004; 33:1359-78, viii. [PMID: 14664203 DOI: 10.1016/s0195-5616(03)00097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hypereosinophilia is excessive eosinophilia and has been defined in dogs and cats as eosinophils greater than 5 x 10(9)/L (> 5000/microL). Canine breeds with a predisposition to higher eosinophil counts or certain eosinophilic diseases include the Rottweiler, German Shepard, Siberian Husky, Alaskan Malamute, and Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. Two of the more common causes of canine hypereosinophilia are pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophils (PIE) and gastrointestinal disease. The highest eosinophil counts are expected in dogs with pneumonia or PIE. The most common cause of eosinophilia in cats is flea allergy. The greatest eosinophilia occurs in cats with flea allergy, feline asthma, and eosinophilic granuloma. Innovative recent treatments for human patients with asthma have been successful in reducing eosinophil numbers but have had a confusing and disappointing lack of reducing symptoms. The role of eosinophils in many eosinophilic diseases remains a mystery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inger Lilliehöök
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Fine-needle aspiration of the spleen is a useful method for evaluation of reactive, inflammatory, and neoplastic disorders, particularly those that involve the hematopoietic system. Interpretation of splenic aspirates is enhanced by concurrent evaluation of blood and other hemic tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary M Christopher
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|