1
|
Romito G, Gemma N, Dondi F, Mazzoldi C, Fasoli S, Cipone M. Efficacy and safety of antiarrhythmic therapy in dogs with naturally acquired tachyarrhythmias treated with amiodarone or sotalol: a retrospective analysis of 64 cases. J Vet Cardiol 2024; 53:20-35. [PMID: 38608438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE Studies on the use of amiodarone or sotalol are limited in dogs. Therefore, this study aimed to provide data on the efficacy and safety of these drugs in dogs with ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VT) and/or supraventricular tachyarrhythmia (SvT). ANIMALS, MATERIALS, AND METHODS Dogs with VT and/or SvT treated with amiodarone or sotalol as a first-line therapy were retrospectively evaluated. Signalment, clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic, and outcome data were retrieved. For VT, efficacy was demonstrated through a decrease of the Lown-Wolf grade to less than five or a reduction of at least 85% in the number of ventricular premature complexes observed on Holter monitoring. For SvT, efficacy was represented by cardioversion or a reduction in the mean heart rate on Holter monitoring ≤140 beats/min. Treatment-related side effects (TRSEs) were classified as clinically relevant and irrelevant. Statistical analysis was performed to compare data before and after antiarrhythmic prescription. RESULTS Sixty-four dogs were included. Amiodarone and sotalol were efficacious in treating both VT (85.7% and 90.0% of cases, respectively) and SvT (75% and 71.4% of cases, respectively). No significant differences were found when comparing their efficacy rates in dogs with VT and SvT (P=0.531 and 0.483, respectively). Clinically relevant TRSEs were rare with both amiodarone and sotalol (8.3% and 5% of cases, respectively), while clinically irrelevant TRSEs occurred more frequently with amiodarone (29.2%) than with sotalol (10%). DISCUSSION In dogs with tachyarrhythmias, amiodarone and sotalol are generally efficacious and safe, as clinically relevant TRSEs seem rare. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel data on the effects of amiodarone and sotalol in dogs with tachyarrhythmias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Romito
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.
| | - N Gemma
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - F Dondi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - C Mazzoldi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - S Fasoli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - M Cipone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pedro B, Mavropoulou A, Oyama MA, Linney C, Neves J, Dukes-McEwan J, Fontes-Sousa AP, Gelzer AR. Optimal rate control in dogs with atrial fibrillation-ORCA study-Multicenter prospective observational study: Prognostic impact and predictors of rate control. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:887-899. [PMID: 37128174 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal heart rate (HR) in dogs with atrial fibrillation (AF) is unknown. Impact of HR on survival needs elucidation. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Dogs with a 24 hours Holter-derived meanHR ≤125 beats per minute (bpm; rate controlled) survive longer than dogs with higher meanHR. We further aimed to determine which variables predict ability to achieving rate control. ANIMALS Sixty dogs with AF. METHODS Holter-derived meanHR, clinical, echocardiographic, and biomarker variables were analyzed prospectively. Survival was recorded from time of rate control, with all-cause mortality as primary endpoint. Cox proportional hazards analysis identified variables independently associated with survival; Kaplan-Meier survival analysis estimated the median survival time of dogs with meanHR ≤125 bpm vs >125 bpm. Logistic regression explored baseline variables associated with inability to achieve rate control. RESULTS Structural heart disease was present in 56/60 dogs, 50/60 had congestive heart failure, and 45/60 died. Median time to all-cause death was 160 days (range, 88-303 days), dogs with meanHR >125 bpm (n = 27) lived 33 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 15-141 days), dogs with meanHR ≤125 bpm (n = 33) lived 608 days (95% CI, 155-880 days; P < .0001). Congenital heart disease and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide were independently associated with higher risk of death (P < .01 and <.0001, respectively) whereas meanHR ≤125 bpm decreased the risk of death (P < .001). Increased left atrial size, increased C-reactive protein concentration and lower blood pressure at admission were associated with failure to achieve rate control. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Rate control affects survival; an optimal target meanHR <125 bpm should be sought in dogs with AF. Baseline patient variables can help predict if rate control is achievable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigite Pedro
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, West Midlands, United Kingdom
- Centro de Cardiologia Veterinária do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Cardiologia Veterinária do Atlântico, Mafra, Portugal
- Virtual Veterinary Specialists Ltd, Middlesex, United Kingdom
- ICBAS-UP, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Mark A Oyama
- Department of Clinical Studies and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher Linney
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, West Midlands, United Kingdom
- Paragon Veterinary Referrals, Wakefield, United Kingdom
| | - João Neves
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, West Midlands, United Kingdom
- Centro de Cardiologia Veterinária do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Cardiologia Veterinária do Atlântico, Mafra, Portugal
- Virtual Veterinary Specialists Ltd, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Dukes-McEwan
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, University of Liverpool Leahurst Campus, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Ana P Fontes-Sousa
- ICBAS-UP, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- UPVET, Hospital Veterinário da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Anna R Gelzer
- Department of Clinical Studies and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Malcolm EL, Saunders AB, Vitt JP, Boutet BG, Hamer SA. Antiparasitic treatment with itraconazole and amiodarone in 2 dogs with severe, symptomatic Chagas cardiomyopathy. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:1100-1105. [PMID: 35388923 PMCID: PMC9151465 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas cardiomyopathy, caused by the protozoal parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is characterized by arrhythmias, myocardial damage, heart failure, and sudden death. We describe 2 dogs with severe, symptomatic Chagas cardiomyopathy characterized by myocardial dysfunction and electrocardiographic abnormalities that were managed with a combination of cardiac medications and antiparasitic treatment with itraconazole and amiodarone. Both dogs died suddenly within 6 months of diagnosis. These cases highlight the need for early detection of Chagas disease in dogs and continued research to develop effective antiparasitic treatment protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Malcolm
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ashley B Saunders
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jordan P Vitt
- Heart of Veterinary Cardiology PLLC, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Bruno G Boutet
- Caring Hearts Veterinary Cardiology, Grande-Digue, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Sarah A Hamer
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bagardi M, Zamboni V, Locatelli C, Galizzi A, Ghilardi S, Brambilla PG. Management of Chronic Congestive Heart Failure Caused by Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease in Dogs: A Narrative Review from 1970 to 2020. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12020209. [PMID: 35049831 PMCID: PMC8773235 DOI: 10.3390/ani12020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common acquired cardiovascular disease in dogs. The progression of the disease and the increasing severity of valvular regurgitation cause a volume overload of the left heart, leading to left atrial and ventricular remodeling and congestive heart failure (CHF). The treatment of chronic CHF secondary to MMVD in dogs has not always been the same over time. In the last fifty years, the drugs utilized have considerably changed, as well as the therapeutic protocols. Some drugs have also changed their intended use. An analysis of the literature concerning the therapy of chronic heart failure in dogs affected by this widespread degenerative disease is not available; a synthesis of the published literature on this topic and a description of its current state of art are needed. To the authors’ knowledge, a review of this topic has never been published in veterinary medicine; therefore, the aim of this study is to overview the treatments of chronic CHF secondary to MMVD in dogs from 1970 to 2020 using the general framework of narrative reviews. Abstract The treatment of chronic congestive heart failure (CHF), secondary to myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in dogs, has considerably changed in the last fifty years. An analysis of the literature concerning the therapy of chronic CHF in dogs affected by MMVD is not available, and it is needed. Narrative reviews (NRs) are aimed at identifying and summarizing what has been previously published, avoiding duplications, and seeking new study areas that have not yet been addressed. The most accessible open-access databases, PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar, were chosen, and the searching time frame was set in five decades, from 1970 to 2020. The 384 selected studies were classified into categories depending on the aim of the study, the population target, the pathogenesis of MMVD (natural/induced), and the resulting CHF. Over the years, the types of studies have increased considerably in veterinary medicine. In particular, there have been 43 (24.29%) clinical trials, 41 (23.16%) randomized controlled trials, 10 (5.65%) cross-over trials, 40 (22.60%) reviews, 5 (2.82%) comparative studies, 17 (9.60%) case-control studies, 2 (1.13%) cohort studies, 2 (1.13%) experimental studies, 2 (1.13%) questionnaires, 6 (3.40%) case-reports, 7 (3.95%) retrospective studies, and 2 (1.13%) guidelines. The experimental studies on dogs with an induced form of the disease were less numerous (49–27.68%) than the studies on dogs affected by spontaneous MMVD (128–72.32%). The therapy of chronic CHF in dogs has considerably changed in the last fifty years: in the last century, some of the currently prescribed drugs did not exist yet, while others had different indications.
Collapse
|
5
|
Gunasekaran T, Olivier B, Griffith L, Sanders R. Comparison of heart rate obtained from shorter duration Holter recordings to 24-hour mean heart rate in dogs with atrial fibrillation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241620. [PMID: 33137157 PMCID: PMC7605697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of short duration electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings extracted from ambulatory continuous ECG (Holter) to assess 24-hour mean heart rate in dogs with atrial fibrillation. In this retrospective study, Holter recordings obtained from 20 dogs with atrial fibrillation were selected for analysis. Ten out of 20 dogs were receiving drugs to control heart rate at the time of Holter evaluation. From the Holter recordings, heart rate averages were calculated for various sample durations (five-minutes, 30 minutes, one-hour, two-hours, and three-hours) for each dog. Percentage of these shorter duration ECG obtained HR averages that fell within ±10%, ±15% and ± 20% of 24-hour mean heart rate was determined for each sample duration and for each dog. Seventy five percent of heart rate averages obtained from three-hour ECG recordings fell within ±10% of 24-hour mean HR. All the heart rate averages obtained from two-hour ECG recordings fell within ±20% of 24-hour mean heart rate. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that the duration of the ECG recording affects the prediction accuracy for 24-hour Holter mean HR. Only two and three hours of Holter recordings provided all heart rate averages within ±20% of 24-hour mean heart rate. No significant differences were noted in the prediction accuracy of shorter duration ECG recordings based on rate control therapy status. Further prospective studies are needed to assess the accuracy of HR obtained at home using various ECG recording devices to predict 24-hour mean heart rate in dogs with atrial fibrillation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamilselvam Gunasekaran
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Bari Olivier
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Lucas Griffith
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Robert Sanders
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Diagnosis and management of canine atrial fibrillation. Vet J 2020; 265:105549. [PMID: 33129554 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2020.105549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common non-physiological arrhythmia in dogs and humans. Its high prevalence in both species and the impact it has on survival time and quality of life of affected patients, makes it a very relevant topic for medical research. In dogs, the diagnosis of AF is usually fairly straightforward, but optimal management can be complicated. Rate control is the most commonly used strategy; rhythm control can also be considered in very specific cases. Concurrent congestive heart failure is frequently identified, which represents an extra challenge for the clinicians. This article reviews the current recommendations for the diagnosis and management considerations of AF in dogs. Future perspectives, focusing on new drugs that may prevent development of AF based on recent discoveries, will also be discussed.
Collapse
|
7
|
Association between atrial fibrillation and right-sided manifestations of congestive heart failure in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease or dilated cardiomyopathy. J Vet Cardiol 2019; 21:18-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
8
|
Seo J, Singh MK. Electrical cardioversion in a dog with atrial fibrillation and hypothyroidism. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2017-000583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joonbum Seo
- Royal Veterinary CollegeNorth MymmsUK
- Small Animal Specialist HospitalNorth RydeNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Manreet K Singh
- Small Animal Specialist HospitalNorth RydeNew South WalesAustralia
- Veterinary Cardiac ReferralsTerrey HillsNew South WalesAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Saengklub N, Limprasutr V, Sawangkoon S, Hamlin RL, Kijtawornrat A. Dronedarone attenuates the duration of atrial fibrillation in a dog model of sustained atrial fibrillation. Exp Anim 2017; 66:251-258. [PMID: 28381818 PMCID: PMC5543246 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.17-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a supraventricular arrhythmia that leads to a decrease in
cardiac output and impairs cardiac function and quality of life. Dronedarone has an
atrial-selective property and has been used for management of AF in humans, but limited
information is available in dogs. This study was designed to evaluate efficacy of
dronedarone in attenuating the duration of AF in dog model of sustained AF. Six beagle
dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane and instrumented to measure atrial action potential
duration (aAPD) and atrial effective refractory period (AERP). Then AF was induced by
rapid right atrial pacing (20 V, 40 Hz) simultaneously with infusion of phenylephrine (2
µg/kg/min, intravenously) for 20 min. The duration of sustained AF was
recorded, and the animals were allowed to recover. Dronedarone was given at a dose of 20
mg/kg, BID, orally for 7 days. On the last day, the dogs were anesthetized again to record
aAPD and AERP, and AF was induced with the same procedure as described above. The results
showed that after dronedarone administration the aAPD was lengthened significantly from
76.4 ± 4.2 ms to 91.2 ± 3.9 ms (P<0.05) and AERP was prolonged
significantly from 97.5 ± 2.8 ms to 120 ± 4.8 ms (P<0.05). The
duration of sustained AF was also significantly attenuated after receipt of dronedarone
(P<0.05). It can be suggested that oral dronedarone attenuates the
duration of sustained AF in a dog model of AF by extending the AERP more than the aAPD,
causing post-repolarization refractoriness. Hence, dronedarone may be useful for
management of AF in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nakkawee Saengklub
- Animal Physiology Program, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 39 Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Vudhiporn Limprasutr
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 39 Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Suwanakiet Sawangkoon
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 39 Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Robert L Hamlin
- QTest Labs, Ltd., 6456 Fiesta Drive, Columbus, Ohio 43235, USA
| | - Anusak Kijtawornrat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 39 Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Research clusters: research study and testing of drug's effect related to cardiovascular system in laboratory animal, Chulalongkorn University, 39 Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Matsukura S, Nakamura Y, Cao X, Wada T, Izumi-Nakaseko H, Ando K, Sugiyama A. Anti-atrial Fibrillatory Versus Proarrhythmic Potentials of Amiodarone: A New Protocol for Safety Evaluation In Vivo. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2016; 17:157-162. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-016-9369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
12
|
Willis R, Oliveira P. Current treatment strategies in the management of canine dysrhythmias. IN PRACTICE 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/inp.h2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
13
|
Chow B, French A. Conversion of atrial fibrillation after levothyroxine in a dog with hypothyroidism and arterial thromboembolism. J Small Anim Pract 2014; 55:278-82. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Chow
- Animal Health Center, College of Veterinary Medicine; Mississippi State University; P.O. Box 6100 Starkville MS 39762-6100 USA
| | - A. French
- Animal Health Center, College of Veterinary Medicine; Mississippi State University; P.O. Box 6100 Starkville MS 39762-6100 USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fries R, Saunders AB. Use of Procainamide for Conversion of Acute Onset AF Following Pericardiocentesis in a Dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2012; 48:429-33. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-5811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 9 yr old spayed female golden retriever was evaluated for anorexia and suspected gastric dilatation. Subsequent evaluation the following day determined the dog to have pericardial effusion. Muffled heart sounds and jugular pulses were noted on physical exam, and the dog was diagnosed with pleural and pericardial effusion. A sinus rhythm with a rate of 142 beats/min was documented on a surface electrocardiogram (EKG). Following pericardiocentesis, the heart rate increased to 260 beats/min, the rhythm became irregular, and the systemic blood pressure decreased. Atrial fibrillation (AF) was confirmed by EKG. Procainamide was administered IV over 15 min, resulting in successful conversion of AF to sinus rhythm and clinical improvement. Procainamide is one of several antiarrhythmic medications that are used for the conversion of acute AF in humans; however, its utility and efficacy in dogs in the setting of AF has not previously been reported. This case highlights a unique complication of performing a pericardiocentesis that requires immediate treatment and describes a potential treatment option for the conversion of acute AF in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Fries
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Ashley B. Saunders
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pedro B, López-Alvarez J, Fonfara S, Stephenson H, Dukes-McEwan J. Retrospective evaluation of the use of amiodarone in dogs with arrhythmias (from 2003 to 2010). J Small Anim Pract 2011; 53:19-26. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2011.01142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
16
|
Ventricular rate control using a novel vagus nerve stimulating system in a dog with chronic atrial fibrillation. J Vet Cardiol 2008; 10:147-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2008.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Revised: 08/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
17
|
Achen SE, Saunders AB, Miller MW. ECG of the Month: irregularly irregular wide and bizarre QRS tachycardia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2008; 232:684-6. [PMID: 18312172 DOI: 10.2460/javma.232.5.684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Achen
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|