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Hamada R, Fereig RM, Metwally S. The influence of risk factors on bovine leukemia virus infection and proviral load in egyptian cattle. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:191-202. [PMID: 37610507 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the etiological agent of enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL), which affects cattle globally. In Egypt, BLV control strategies have been ignored because of the shortage of BLV research studies and the silent infection in most animals. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with the prevalence of BLV among dairy and beef cattle from six different geographic and climatic provinces in Egypt. Additionally, risk factors affecting the BLV proviral load (PVL) among the positive cattle were targeted. The total BLV prevalence in cattle from six investigated Egyptian provinces was 24.2% (105/433), while the mean PVL (8651.6 copies /105 white blood cells) was absolutely high as estimated by the BLV-CoCoMo-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-2 assay. Analysis of the influence of risk factors (age, sex, breed, production type, farm size, and location) on BLV prevalence indicated that the Holstein breed (OR = 1.582, p = 0.007), beef cattle (OR = 1.088, p = 0.0001), large-size farms (OR = 1.26, p = 0.0001), and cattle from Damietta (OR = 1.43, p = 0.0001) and Cairo (OR = 1.16, p = 0.0001) were ultimately proven the most important risks for BLV infection. The risk factors were analyzed considering the BLV PVL levels in the BLV-positive cases. Significantly high PVL (HPVL) levels were observed in cattle > 5 years old (p < 0.0001), females (p = 0.0008), Holstein (p < 0.0001), dairy cows (p = 0.0053), large-size farms (p < 0.0001), and cattle from Damietta (p < 0.0001) compared to other categories. Contrary, no significant differences in PVL levels were reported between the Native and Mixed cattle breeds (p = 0.13). Ultimately, the logistic regression model indicated that the probability of carrying HPVL in cattle > 5 years is 1.27 (95% CI: 1.03-2.09, p < 0.001) times more likely compared to cattle < 2 years old. In conclusion, the findings were valuably correlating the BLV prevalence with PVL as an indicator of the risk of BLV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Hamada
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, 22511, Damanhour, Egypt.
| | - Ragab M Fereig
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, 83523, Qena City, Qena, Egypt
| | - Samy Metwally
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, 22511, Damanhour, Egypt.
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8657, Tokyo, Japan.
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Benavides B, Monti G. Assessment of Natural Transmission of Bovine Leukemia Virus in Dairies from Southern Chile. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1734. [PMID: 35804632 PMCID: PMC9264828 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that affects cattle worldwide. A longitudinal study was conducted with the aim to (a) estimate the incidence rate of the BLV infection of dairy farms in the regions of Los Ríos and Los Lagos (Chile), and (b) describe the frequency and epidemiological association of risk management practices related to new cases in cattle on dairy farms in Southern Chile. Infection status was based on commercial blocking ELISA results, on serum and milk. Individual information on animals and management practices was extracted from farm records, and then the most likely date of infection for new cases was estimated. The number of new infections was used to calculate the within-herd incidence rate. Adult animals had an incidence rate of 1.16 (95% CI 0.96; 1.20) cases per 100 cow-months at risk, while for young animals it was 0.64 (95% CI 0.44; 1.00) cases per 100 animal-months at risk. Rectal palpation, artificial insemination, and injections were the most common practices related to infection. Further studies are needed to determine if these are the only practices that facilitate spreading or if there are other practices that can be handled better in order to reduce the spread of BLV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana Benavides
- Animal Health Department, University of Nariño, San Juan de Pasto 52001, Colombia;
| | - Gustavo Monti
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Group, Animal Sciences Department, Wageningen University and Research, 6702 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Avoidance of Natural Suckling from Dams with Bovine Leukemia Virus Is a Low Priority Countermeasure against Postnatal Transmission. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8110255. [PMID: 34822628 PMCID: PMC8618698 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8110255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although natural suckling from dams with bovine leukemia virus (BLV) has not been recommended in Japan, the frequency of BLV transmission through natural suckling under natural conditions is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the risk of BLV transmission through natural suckling. Dams with BLV were classified into three groups (high, middle, low) based on the proviral loads (PVLs). PCR positivity of their colostrum and the correlations between the ratios of calves with BLV and types of feeding milk were analyzed. In dams with low PVLs, no colostrum or calves were confirmed to have BLV. In dams with middle and high PVLs, 17 out of 25 (68.0%) colostrum were PCR positive, and 10 out of 23 (43.4%) and 13 out of 29 (44.8%) calves with natural suckling and artificial rearing were infected with BLV, respectively. No difference was confirmed between the infection rates of natural-suckled and artificially reared calves. Thus, we concluded that the avoidance of natural suckling from dams with BLV and the introduction of artificial rearing were low priority countermeasures against BLV transmission.
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Kuczewski A, Orsel K, Barkema HW, Mason S, Erskine R, van der Meer F. Invited review: Bovine leukemia virus-Transmission, control, and eradication. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:6358-6375. [PMID: 33741150 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection, endemic in North American dairy herds, has production-limiting effects. A literature review of available papers published since 1995 concerning BLV transmission and its control was conducted. Although confirmed transmission routes were reviewed (blood, natural breeding, in utero, colostrum, and milk), there is still a lack of detailed information on other specific risks for transmission (e.g., contact transmission and hoof-trimming knives). Eradication of BLV has been achieved by combined management, segregation, and culling approaches. In contrast, although sole implementation of best management practices aimed at prevention of BLV transmission has decreased within-herd BLV prevalence, it has not eradicated BLV from a herd. Therefore, control and eradication of BLV by best management practices only should be further investigated. Additionally, the role of proviral load in infected cattle was investigated. Cattle with a high proviral load seem to be more likely to infect others, whereas those with a very low proviral load seem to have low risks of transmitting BLV. Information on proviral load could be taken into account when controlling BLV in high-prevalence herds. In conclusion, there is a need for detailed, large-scale studies investigating roles of specific transmission routes, knowing proviral load of infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessa Kuczewski
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Karin Orsel
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Steve Mason
- Agromedia International Inc., Calgary, AB T2L 0T6, Canada
| | - Ron Erskine
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Frank van der Meer
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
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Sero-Prevalence of Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection in Kosovo Cattle. MACEDONIAN VETERINARY REVIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/macvetrev-2020-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Kosovo to determine the presence and prevalence of bovine leukemia virus antibodies in cattle. A total of 5,051 serum samples from 315 villages were collected during 2016. Samples were tested using commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. At least one sero-positive animal was found in 55 (17.5%) of the villages sampled, of which 23 had more than one sero-positive detected. Overall individual sero-prevalence, corrected for geographic distribution of samples, was found to be 2.26% (95% c.i. 1.62% to 3.04%). There were no statistically significant associations between serological status and herd size or age of animal, although sero-prevalence in 5-year-old cattle was higher than in the other ages. There was a statistical significant heterogeneity in sero-prevalence between different geographic zones of Kosovo (chi-square value = 20.68 (4 d.f.); (p=0.0004). Pairwise comparisons showed that sero-prevalence in the south was significantly higher than in the east and in the north and sero-prevalence in the west was significantly higher than in the north. The 3.11% aggregated sero-prevalence for the two highest sero-prevalence zones, south and west, was significantly higher than the 1.57% aggregated sero-prevalence for the remaining zones, centre, east and north (Fisher exact p-value (2-tail) = 0.0004). The reason for higher prevalence in the south and west of Kosovo is uncertain. These results may serve to enrich the information of bovine leukemia virus distribution in the region, as well as a starting point for the future control and eradication strategy in Kosovo.
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Konishi M, Ishizaki H, Kameyama KI, Murakami K, Yamamoto T. The effectiveness of colostral antibodies for preventing bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection in vitro. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:419. [PMID: 30594182 PMCID: PMC6311012 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL). The incidence of EBL in Japan is increasing annually; and the cases of EBL in cattle younger than 2 years old has been reported. Therefore, it is vital to find a method to control BLV infection, especially in young calves. In this study, to evaluate the protective ability of colostral antibodies against BLV infection, as well as the potential for BLV infection mediated by colostrum/milk, we investigated temporal fluctuations in the anti-BLV antibody titer and BLV proviral load (PVL) in colostrum/milk and peripheral blood of six infected dams during lactation. The association between PVL and antibody titer in colostrum and peripheral blood was then investigated using samples from a further twenty-seven cattle. Antibody concentrations were measured with a Syncytium-induction Inhibition Assay using colostral/milk whey and serum. PVL in peripheral blood and colostrum was measured by real-time PCR. RESULTS Colostral antibodies showed high inhibitory activity until day 3 of lactation. The antibody titer and PVL in peripheral blood showed lesser changes than those in colostrum/milk throughout lactation. The colostral antibody titer was significantly higher than the serum antibody titer in all samples, whereas the colostrum PVL was significantly lower than the blood PVL. The blood PVL showed a significant correlation with serum antibody titer, colostrum PVL, and colostral antibody titer. However, there were no major correlations between the serum and colostral antibody titers. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report investigating the temporal changes in colostral antibody titer in terms of inhibiting BLV infection in vitro. The results of antibody detection by Syncytium-induction Inhibition Assay suggested that the protective activity of the colostral antibodies against BLV infection would be conferred by anti-BLV gp51 antibody. The high antibody titer of colostral whey suggests that colostral whey could be a potential source of antibodies with a low risk of infection in neonatal calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misako Konishi
- Epidemiology Unit, Division of Viral Disease and Epidemiology, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishizaki
- Grazing Animal Unit, Division of Grassland Farming, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO. 768 Senbonmatsu, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, 329-2793, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Kameyama
- National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Exotic Diseases Research Station Josuihoncho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-0022, Japan
| | - Kenji Murakami
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University Faculty of Agriculture, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Takehisa Yamamoto
- Epidemiology Unit, Division of Viral Disease and Epidemiology, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan.
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Ruiz V, Porta NG, Lomónaco M, Trono K, Alvarez I. Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection in Neonatal Calves. Risk Factors and Control Measures. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:267. [PMID: 30410920 PMCID: PMC6209627 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL). Although efficient eradication programs have been successfully implemented in most European countries and Oceania, BLV infection rates are still high worldwide. BLV naturally infects cattle, inducing a persistent infection with diverse clinical outcomes. The virus infects lymphocytes and integrates a DNA intermediate as a provirus into the genome of the cells. Therefore, exposure to biological fluids contaminated with infected lymphocytes potentially spreads the virus. Vertical transmission may occur in utero or during delivery, and about 10% of calves born to BLV-infected dams are already infected at birth. Most frequently, transmission from dams to their offspring occurs through the ingestion of infected colostrum or milk. Therefore, although EBL is not a disease specific to the neonatal period, during this period the calves are at special risk of becoming infected, especially in dairy farms, where they ingest colostrum and/or raw milk either naturally or artificially. Calves infected during the first week of life could play an active role in early propagation of BLV to susceptible animals. This review discusses the main factors that contribute to neonatal BLV infection in dairy herds, as well as different approaches and management practices that could be implemented to reduce the risk of BLV transmission during this period, aiming to decrease BLV infection in dairy herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Ruiz
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Gabriela Porta
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Lomónaco
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina Trono
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irene Alvarez
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Martinez Cuesta L, Nieto Farias MV, Lendez PA, Barone L, Pérez SE, Dolcini GL, Ceriani MC. Stable infection of a bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T) with bovine leukemia virus (BLV). Virus Res 2018; 256:11-16. [PMID: 30055215 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that affects cattle causing a lymphoproliferative disease. BLV infection has been associated with misbalance of the immune response causing a higher incidence of other infections. Mastitis is one of the most important conditions that affect milk production in cattle. The aim of this study was to stably infect a bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T). MAC-T cell line was successfully infected with BLV and the infection was confirmed by nested PCR, qPCR, immunocytochemistry, western blot and transmission electron microscopy. This is the first report of a bovine mammary epithelial cell line stably infected with BLV. This new cell line could be used as an in vitro model to study the effect of BLV on the immune response in the mammary gland and the relationship with other agents causing mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Martinez Cuesta
- Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN, CONICET-CICPBA), Facultad de Cs. Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Pinto 399, Tandil, 7000 Pcia. Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Maria Victoria Nieto Farias
- Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN, CONICET-CICPBA), Facultad de Cs. Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Pinto 399, Tandil, 7000 Pcia. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pamela Anahi Lendez
- Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN, CONICET-CICPBA), Facultad de Cs. Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Pinto 399, Tandil, 7000 Pcia. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas Barone
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto de Virología, Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, B1686, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra Elizabeth Pérez
- Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN, CONICET-CICPBA), Facultad de Cs. Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Pinto 399, Tandil, 7000 Pcia. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermina Laura Dolcini
- Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN, CONICET-CICPBA), Facultad de Cs. Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Pinto 399, Tandil, 7000 Pcia. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Carolina Ceriani
- Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN, CONICET-CICPBA), Facultad de Cs. Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Pinto 399, Tandil, 7000 Pcia. Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Jaworski JP, Porta NG, Gutierrez G, Politzki RP, Álvarez I, Galarza R, Abdala A, Calvinho L, Trono KG. Short communication: Relationship between the level of bovine leukemia virus antibody and provirus in blood and milk of cows from a naturally infected herd. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:5629-5634. [PMID: 27132093 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We explored the relationship between the level of bovine leukemia virus antibodies and provirus load during natural infection. For that purpose, a set of 50 blood and milk paired samples were analyzed for the presence of bovine leukemia virus provirus and antibodies. Additionally, provirus load and antibody titers were measured and the relationship between these variables was investigated. Bovine leukemia provirus was detected in 59% of milk samples and a negative correlation was observed between the level of milk provirus load and milk antibody titers. By the consumption of raw milk, calves might be exposed to bovine leukemia virus favoring the perinatal transmission of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Jaworski
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronomicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Natalia G Porta
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronomicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Geronimo Gutierrez
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronomicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina P Politzki
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronomicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irene Álvarez
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronomicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roxana Galarza
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronomicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Abdala
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronomicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis Calvinho
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronomicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina G Trono
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronomicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Gutiérrez G, Lomonaco M, Alvarez I, Fernandez F, Trono K. Characterization of colostrum from dams of BLV endemic dairy herds. Vet Microbiol 2015; 177:366-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Kobayashi S, Hidano A, Tsutsui T, Yamamoto T, Hayama Y, Nishida T, Muroga N, Konishi M, Kameyama K, Murakami K. Analysis of risk factors associated with bovine leukemia virus seropositivity within dairy and beef breeding farms in Japan: A nationwide survey. Res Vet Sci 2014; 96:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Abdalla E, Rosa G, Weigel K, Byrem T. Genetic analysis of leukosis incidence in United States Holstein and Jersey populations. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:6022-9. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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MURAKAMI K, KOBAYASHI S, KONISHI M, KAMEYAMA KI, TSUTSUI T. Nationwide Survey of Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection among Dairy and Beef Breeding Cattle in Japan from 2009–2011. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 75:1123-6. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji MURAKAMI
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, 3–1–5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0856, Japan
| | - Sota KOBAYASHI
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, 3–1–5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0856, Japan
| | - Misako KONISHI
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, 3–1–5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0856, Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro KAMEYAMA
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, 3–1–5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0856, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki TSUTSUI
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, 3–1–5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0856, Japan
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Haghparast A, Tabatabaie E, Mohammadi G, Kord N. Prevalence of Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) Antibodies in Bulk Tank Milk of Dairy Cattle Herds of Mashhad Area, North-East of Iran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/javaa.2012.276.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Murakami K, Kobayashi S, Konishi M, Kameyama KI, Yamamoto T, Tsutsui T. The recent prevalence of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection among Japanese cattle. Vet Microbiol 2010; 148:84-8. [PMID: 20832956 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 07/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A seroepidemiological survey of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection was conducted in Japan in 2007 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test. A total of 5420 cattle (dairy, 3966; breeding beef, 797; fattening beef, 657) from 209 farms in seven prefectures in Japan were tested. The overall prevalence of BLV infection was 28.6%. The prevalence of BLV infection in dairy cattle (34.7%) was higher than for both fattening beef cattle (7.9%) and breeding beef cattle (16.3%). Age-specific prevalence showed that BLV prevalence increased with age in all types of cattle and was notably different between dairy and beef cattle under 1 year of age. Among 207 farms, 141 herds (68.1%) had one or more positive animals. The proportion of these positive farms was significantly higher among dairy farms (79.1%) than among beef breeding farms (39.5%) and beef fattening farms (51.9%) (P<0.001). Dairy farms (40.5%) also showed a significantly higher within-herd prevalence than beef breeding (27.4%) and fattening (14.9%) farms (P=0.001). This study indicated that BLV is more widely spread in dairy cattle than in beef breeding cattle in Japan. Given the prevalence of BLV infection in dairy and beef cattle was 8- and 1.7-fold higher, respectively, than rates previously found in 1980-1982, BLV appears to be spreading particularly among the dairy cattle population during the last two decades. Further investigation is required to determine the risk factors necessary to control BLV infection that take into account the different farming practices that exist between dairy and beef sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Murakami
- National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
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Tsutsui T, Kobayashi S, Hayama Y, Nishiguchi A, Kameyama KI, Konishi M, Murakami K. Estimation of the within-herd transmission parameter of bovine leukemia virus. Prev Vet Med 2010; 95:158-62. [PMID: 20334939 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Revised: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we estimated the transmission parameter of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection within herds by following up the serological status of cattle in beef and dairy herds. Two consecutive serological tests using ELISA were conducted for cattle at four beef breeding farms and nine dairy farms with an interval of 5 months. Assuming that sero-converted animals were newly infected, transmission parameters were estimated using a hierarchical Bayesian Poisson model. All tested herds had at least one positive animal at the first testing, but sero-prevalence considerably varied between herds. It is estimated that 0.62 animals were infected by one infected animal introduced into a fully susceptible population for both beef breeding and dairy farms during the 5-month interval. The 95% credible interval of the transmission parameter for the combined herds was 0.37-0.89 over this period. Asymptomatically infected animals with BLV can become the source of lifelong infection in herds. These estimated transmission parameters indicated that the early removal of infected animals with periodical tests could reduce the dissemination of BLV infection within herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Tsutsui
- National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
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Risk factors associated with within-herd transmission of bovine leukemia virus on dairy farms in Japan. BMC Vet Res 2010; 6:1. [PMID: 20055982 PMCID: PMC2835688 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-6-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although several attempts have been made to control enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) at the local level, a nationwide control program has not been implemented in Japan, except for passive surveillance. Effective control of EBL requires that the transmission routes of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection should be identified and intercepted based on scientific evidence. In this cross-sectional study, we examined the risk factors associated with within-herd transmission of BLV on infected dairy farms in Japan. Blood samples taken from 30 randomly selected adult cows at each of 139 dairy farms were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Information on herd management was collected using a structured questionnaire. Results Infected farms were defined as those with more than one ELISA-positive animal and accounted for 110 (79.1%) of the 139 farms in the study. Completed questionnaires obtained from 90 of these 110 farms were used for statistical analysis. Seroprevalence, which was defined as the proportions of animals that tested positive out of all animals tested on the farm, was 17.1%, 48.1%, and 68.5% for the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles, respectively. A mixed logistic regression analysis implicated a loose housing system, dehorning, and a large number of horseflies in summer as risk factors (coefficient = 0.71, 1.11, and 0.82; p = 0.03, < 0.01, and 0.01, respectively) and feeding of colostrum to newborn calves from their dams as a protective factor (coefficient = -1.11, p = 0.03) against within-farm transmission of BLV on infected farms. Conclusion Control of EBL in infected dairy farms in Japan will be improved by focusing particularly on these risk and protective factors.
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Backx A, Heutink R, van Rooij E, van Rijn P. Transplacental and oral transmission of wild-type bluetongue virus serotype 8 in cattle after experimental infection. Vet Microbiol 2009; 138:235-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chigerwe M, Tyler JW, Nagy DW, Middleton JR. Frequency of detectable serum IgG concentrations in precolostral calves. Am J Vet Res 2008; 69:791-5. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.69.6.791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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