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Hu S, Sun Q, Xu F, Jiang N, Gao J. Age-related hearing loss and its potential drug candidates: a systematic review. Chin Med 2023; 18:121. [PMID: 37730634 PMCID: PMC10512576 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00825-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is one of the main illnesses afflicting the aged population and has a significant negative impact on society, economy, and health. However, there is presently no appropriate therapeutic treatment of ARHL due to the absence of comprehensive trials. OBJECTIVES The goal of this review is to systematically evaluate and analyze recent statistics on the pathologic classifications, risk factors, treatment strategies, and drug candidates of ARHL, including that from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), to provide potential new approaches for preventing and treating ARHL. METHODS Literature related to ARHL was conducted in databases such as PubMed, WOS, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang from the establishment of the database to Jan, 2023. The pathology, causal factor, pathophysiological mechanism, treatment strategy, and the drug candidate of ARHL were extracted and pooled for synthesis. RESULTS Many hypotheses about the etiology of ARHL are based on genetic and environmental elements. Most of the current research on the pathology of ARHL focuses on oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, cochlear blood flow, ion homeostasis, etc. In TCM, herbs belonging to the kidney, lung, and liver meridians exhibit good hearing protection. Seven herbs belonging to the kidney meridian, 9 belonging to the lung meridian, and 4 belonging to the liver meridian were ultimately retrieved in this review, such as Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., Panax ginseng C.A. Mey, and Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi. Their active compounds, 2,3,4',5-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-D-glucoside, ginsenoside Rb1, and puerarin, may act as the molecular substance for their anti-ARHL efficacy, and show anti-oxidative, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, or mitochondrial protective effects. CONCLUSION Anti-oxidants, modulators of mitochondrial function, anti-inflammation agents, vasodilators, K+ channel openers, Ca2+ channel blockers, JNK inhibitors, and nerve growth factors/neurotrophic factors all contribute to hearing protection, and herbs are an important source of potential anti-ARHL drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingru Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ninghua Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianli Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Fefer G, Khan MZ, Panek WK, Case B, Gruen ME, Olby NJ. Relationship between hearing, cognitive function, and quality of life in aging companion dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:1708-1718. [PMID: 35932193 PMCID: PMC9511086 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elderly people with presbycusis are at higher risk for dementia and depression than the general population. There is no information regarding consequences of presbycusis in dogs. Objective Evaluate the relationship between cognitive function, quality of life, and hearing loss in aging companion dogs. Animals Thirty‐nine elderly companion dogs. Methods Prospective study. Hearing was evaluated using brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) testing. Dogs were grouped by hearing ability. Owners completed the canine dementia scale (CADES) and canine owner‐reported quality of life (CORQ) questionnaire. Cognitive testing was performed, and cognitive testing outcomes, CADES and CORQ scores and age were compared between hearing groups. Results Nineteen dogs could hear at 50 dB, 12 at 70 dB, and 8 at 90 dB with mean ages (months) of 141 ± 14, 160 ± 16, and 172 ± 15 for each group respectively (P = .0002). Vitality and companionship CORQ scores were significantly lower as hearing deteriorated (6.6‐5.4, 50‐90 dB group, P = .03 and 6.9‐6.2, 50‐90 dB group, P = .02, respectively). Cognitive classification by CADES was abnormal in all 90 dB group dogs and normal in 3/12 70 dB group and 11/19 50 dB group dogs (P = .0004). Performance on inhibitory control, detour and sustained gaze tasks decreased significantly with hearing loss (P = .001, P = .008, P = .002, respectively). In multivariate analysis, higher CADES score was associated with worse hearing (P = .01). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Presbycusis negatively alters owner‐pet interactions and is associated with poor executive performance and owner‐assessed dementia severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Fefer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Z Khan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wojciech K Panek
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Beth Case
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Margaret E Gruen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Natasha J Olby
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Won S, Yoon J. MRI utricle diameter asymmetry is significantly greater in dogs with idiopathic vestibular syndrome compared with unaffected dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2020; 61:540-544. [PMID: 32663342 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic vestibular syndrome (IVS) is the most common cause of acute unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction in older dogs. The purpose of this retrospective, cross-sectional study was to characterize morphological changes in the utricle of dogs affected by IVS, using MRI. To evaluate differences between affected and unaffected utricles, the ratio of the largest to the smallest utricle diameter was obtained, as measured on transverse T2-weighted images, and defined as the utricle asymmetricity ratio (UAR). Out of 137 patients diagnosed with IVS after excluding other vestibular diseases by MRI, 101 were eligible for inclusion. Additionally, 31 older dogs with no signs of vestibular disorders or other intracranial diseases were included as a control group. The disease group was divided into two subgroups in which the direction of head tilt and nystagmus symptoms versus the decreased utricle diameters were consistent or inconsistent. The medians of UARs of the IVS and control groups were 0.83 (range 0.37-1.00) and 0.98 (0.70-1.00), respectively. The medians of the UARs of the consistent and inconsistent IVS subgroups were 0.82 (0.37-0.99) and 0.90 (0.74-1.00), respectively. The UAR of the IVS group was significantly decreased than that of the control group and UAR of the consistent sub-group was significantly decreased than that of the inconsistent sub-group (P < .01). In conclusion, significant asymmetry of utricle diameter was identified in dogs with IVS versus unaffected dogs. We propose that canine IVS may possibly be correlated with structural atrophy of the vestibular system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junghee Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Practical relevance: Auditory function is a sense that is central to life for cats - being important in situational awareness of potential predators, pursuit of prey, and for communication with conspecifics, humans and other species. Deafness in cats is most frequently the result of a genetic disorder, strongly associated with white fur and blue eyes, but may also result from acquired causes such as advancing age, ototoxic drugs, infection, environmental noise and physical trauma. Deafness can be sensorineural, where there is loss of cochlear hair cells, or conductive, where sound is muffled on its way to the inner ear. Clinical challenges: Establishing whether a cat is deaf can be difficult as behavioral testing of hearing is subjective and does not reliably detect unilateral deafness. Brainstem auditory evoked response testing is an objective measure but is limited in its availability. Currently, sensorineural deafness is irreversible because no treatments are available to restore lost hair cells. Conductive hearing loss can usually be treated, although full hearing recovery following otitis media may take weeks as the body clears the middle ear of debris. Evidence base: The author draws on the published literature and his extensive research on clinical aspects and molecular genetics of deafness, principally in companion animals, to review types and forms of deafness in cats. He also discusses current diagnostic approaches and provides brief advice for managing cats with hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M Strain
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Strain GM, McGee KA. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions in young adult and geriatric cats. Vet J 2017; 221:34-37. [PMID: 28283078 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recordings of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were taken from 15 geriatric cats (mean age ± standard deviation, SD, 13.6 ± 2.7 years; range 10.2-19.4 years) and 12 young adult control cats (mean ± SD 4.6 ± 0.5 years; range 3.4-5 years) to identify frequency-specific age-related changes in cochlear responses. Recordings were performed for primary frequencies from 2 to 12 kHz in 2 kHz increments. Cats were considered to be geriatric > 11.9 ± 1.9 years of age. Brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) recordings were also made for subjective comparison with DPOAE responses. No differences in DPOAE response amplitudes were observed at any tested frequency in geriatric cats compared to control cats, reflecting an apparent absence of loss of cochlear outer hair cells along the length of the cochlea. No linear regression relationships were found for DPOAE response amplitude versus age in geriatric cats, despite the progressive nature of age-related hearing loss in other species. The absence of reductions in response at any of the tested frequencies in cats within the age span where cats are considered to be geriatric indicates that age-related hearing loss, if it does develop in cats, begins later in the life span of cats than in dogs or human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M Strain
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Kain A McGee
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Distortion product otoacoustic emissions in geriatric dogs. Vet J 2016; 216:101-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Yang WP, Xu Y, Guo WW, Liu HZ, Hu BH. Modulation of Mcl-1 expression reduces age-related cochlear degeneration. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:2647-58. [PMID: 23790646 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mcl-1 is an anti-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family that modulates apoptosis-related signaling pathways and promotes cell survival. We have previously demonstrated a reduction of Mcl-1 expression in aging cochleae. To investigate whether restoring Mcl-1 expression would reduce aging-related cochlear degeneration, we developed a rat model of Mcl-1 overexpression. A plasmid encoding human Mcl-1/enhanced green fluorescent protein was applied to the round window of the cochlea. This in vivo treatment transfected both the sensory and supporting cells of the cochlear sensory epithelium and enhanced Mcl-1 expression at both the mRNA and the protein level. The upregulation of Mcl-1 expression reduced the progression of age-related cochlear dysfunction and sensory cell death. Furthermore, the transfection of Mcl-1 exerted its protective effect by suppressing cochlear apoptosis at the mitochondrial level. This study demonstrates that the genetic modulation of Mcl-1 expression reduces the progression of age-related cochlear degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ping Yang
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Conductive deafness, caused by outer or middle ear obstruction, may be corrected, whereas sensorineural deafness cannot. Most deafness in dogs is congenital sensorineural hereditary deafness, associated with the genes for white pigment: piebald or merle. The genetic cause has not yet been identified. Dogs with blue eyes have a greater likelihood of hereditary deafness than brown-eyed dogs. Other common forms of sensorineural deafness include presbycusis, ototoxicity, noise-induced hearing loss, otitis interna, and anesthesia. Definitive diagnosis of deafness requires brainstem auditory evoked response testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M Strain
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Yokoyama JS, Lam ET, Ruhe AL, Erdman CA, Robertson KR, Webb AA, Williams DC, Chang ML, Hytönen MK, Lohi H, Hamilton SP, Neff MW. Variation in genes related to cochlear biology is strongly associated with adult-onset deafness in border collies. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002898. [PMID: 23028339 PMCID: PMC3441646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Domestic dogs can suffer from hearing losses that can have profound impacts on working ability and quality of life. We have identified a type of adult-onset hearing loss in Border Collies that appears to have a genetic cause, with an earlier age of onset (3–5 years) than typically expected for aging dogs (8–10 years). Studying this complex trait within pure breeds of dog may greatly increase our ability to identify genomic regions associated with risk of hearing impairment in dogs and in humans. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to detect loci underlying adult-onset deafness in a sample of 20 affected and 28 control Border Collies. We identified a region on canine chromosome 6 that demonstrates extended support for association surrounding SNP Chr6.25819273 (p-value = 1.09×10−13). To further localize disease-associated variants, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) of one affected and two unaffected dogs was performed. Through additional validation based on targeted genotyping of additional cases (n = 23 total) and controls (n = 101 total) and an independent replication cohort of 16 cases and 265 controls, we identified variants in USP31 that were strongly associated with adult-onset deafness in Border Collies, suggesting the involvement of the NF-κB pathway. We found additional support for involvement of RBBP6, which is critical for cochlear development. These findings highlight the utility of GWAS–guided fine-mapping of genetic loci using targeted NGS to study hereditary disorders of the domestic dog that may be analogous to human disorders. The domestic dog offers a unique opportunity to study complex disorders similar to those seen in humans, but within the context of the much simpler genetic backgrounds of pure breeds, which represent closed populations. We performed a whole-genome search for genetic risk factors of adult-onset deafness in the Border Collie, a breed of herding dog that relies on acute hearing to perceive and respond to commands while working. Adult-onset deafness in Border Collies typically begins in early adulthood and is similar to age-related hearing loss in humans. This earlier onset has particular impact on the utility of working Border Collies and the livelihoods of their owners, and it appears to have a genetic cause. We identified three genetic variants that were strongly associated with adult-onset deafness in a sample of 405 Border Collies. These variants are located in two genes that have previously been linked to deafness, one involved in ear development and another that appears to mitigate tissue damage in the ear. These results provide new insight regarding genetic risk factors for age-related hearing loss in both dogs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S. Yokoyama
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ernest T. Lam
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Alison L. Ruhe
- Neurogenomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Carolyn A. Erdman
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kathryn R. Robertson
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Aubrey A. Webb
- CullenWebb Animal Neurology and Ophthalmology Centre, Riverview, New Brunswick, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - D. Colette Williams
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Melanie L. Chang
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Marjo K. Hytönen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Steven P. Hamilton
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mark W. Neff
- Neurogenomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- The Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ter Haar G, Mulder JJ, Venker-van Haagen AJ, van Sluijs FJ, Smoorenburg GF. A surgical technique for implantation of the vibrant soundbridge middle ear implant in dogs. Vet Surg 2011; 40:340-6. [PMID: 21361989 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2011.00806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report a surgical implantation of the Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB) middle ear implant in dogs. STUDY DESIGN Pilot study. ANIMALS Dogs (n=3). METHODS A lateral approach to the tympanic bulla was used to insert the floating mass transducer of the VSB into the tympanic bulla. Using microscopic guidance the transducer was moved to and inserted into the round window niche by manipulation through the acoustic bony meatus, after reflection of the tympanic membrane. VSB position was confirmed by computed tomography (CT) imaging. RESULTS No intraoperative complications occurred and CT images confirmed correct placement of the VSB. CONCLUSIONS A VSB can be safely implanted in the middle of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert Ter Haar
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Ter Haar G, Mulder JJ, Venker-van Haagen AJ, van Sluijs FJ, Snik AF, Smoorenburg GF. Treatment of age-related hearing loss in dogs with the vibrant soundbridge middle ear implant: short-term results in 3 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2010; 24:557-64. [PMID: 20337911 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0486.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related hearing loss (ARHL), or presbycusis, is the most common form of acquired hearing loss in dogs. Middle ear implants have been used successfully in people with ARHL who cannot benefit from conventional hearing aids. HYPOTHESIS Audibility improves in dogs with ARHL after implantation of the Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB) middle ear implant. ANIMALS Three Beagle dogs with ARHL, mean age 11.1 years. METHODS The dogs were assessed pre- and postoperatively by brainstem-evoked response audiometry (BERA), otoscopy, and computed tomography scans of the ears. A VSB middle ear implant was implanted unilaterally. Three months later the functionality of the implants was assessed by auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs), after which the dogs were euthanized for histopathological examination. RESULTS The VSB was implanted successfully in all dogs. Recovery from surgery was uneventful, except for transient facial nerve paralysis in 2 dogs. ASSRs showed that hearing improved after activation of the implants with a mean of 20.7, 13, and 16.3 dB at 1, 2, and 4 kHz, respectively. The implantation procedure did not affect residual hearing (with inactive implants) as measured by BERA. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Implantation of the VSB resulted in lower ASSR thresholds, but only at the higher gain settings of the audioprocessor. As in humans, a more powerful audioprocessor is required to treat sensorineural hearing loss exceeding 20 dB in dogs. A substantial improvement in patient-owner communication will have to be demonstrated in future studies before the procedure can be recommended in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ter Haar
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
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