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Parida IS, Takasu S, Ito J, Eitsuka T, Nakagawa K. 1-Deoxynojirimycin attenuates pathological markers of Alzheimer's disease in the in vitro model of neuronal insulin resistance. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23800. [PMID: 38979931 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302600r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Insulin resistance, the hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has emerged as a pathological feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Given the shared role of insulin resistance in T2DM and AD, repurposing peripheral insulin sensitizers is a promising strategy to preserve neuronal insulin sensitivity and prevent AD. 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), a bioactive iminosugar, exhibited insulin-sensitizing effects in metabolic tissues and was detected in brain tissue post-oral intake. However, its impact on brain and neuronal insulin signaling has not been described. Here, we investigated the effect of DNJ treatment on insulin signaling and AD markers in insulin-resistant human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma, a cellular model of neuronal insulin resistance. Our findings show that DNJ increased the expression of insulin signaling genes and the phosphorylation status of key molecules implicated in insulin resistance (Y1146-pIRβ, S473-pAKT, S9-GSK3B) while also elevating the expression of glucose transporters Glut3 and Glut4, resulting in higher glucose uptake upon insulin stimuli. DNJ appeared to mitigate the insulin resistance-driven increase in phosphorylated tau and Aβ1-42 levels by promoting insulin-induced phosphorylation of GSK3B (a major tau kinase) and enhancing mRNA expression of the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) pivotal for insulin and Aβ clearance. Overall, our study unveils probable mechanisms underlying the potential benefits of DNJ for AD, wherein DNJ attenuates tau and amyloid pathologies by reversing neuronal insulin resistance. This provides a scientific basis for expanding the use of DNJ-containing products for neuroprotective purposes and prompts further research into compounds with similar mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Supardi Parida
- Laboratory of Food Function Analysis, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soo Takasu
- Laboratory of Food Function Analysis, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Junya Ito
- Laboratory of Food Function Analysis, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takahiro Eitsuka
- Laboratory of Food Function Analysis, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Food Function Analysis, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Murbach TS, Glávits R, Endres JR, Hirka G, Pasics Szakonyiné I. A 90-day preclinical toxicological evaluation in rats of a highly purified and concentrated mulberry leaf extract. J Appl Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38837228 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Mulberry (genus Morus) leaves have long been used as a human food, especially in Asia, and animal feed. More recently, mulberry leaf extracts have been introduced as a convenient way to consume mulberry for non-nutritional functional effects. Reducose® 5% is an Morus alba leaf extract that has been highly purified and standardized to a content of 5 ± 0.5% 1-deoxynojirimycin, a naturally present polyhydroxylated piperidine alkaloid analog of D-glucose. This extract has previously been evaluated in acute and subacute (28-day) oral toxicity studies in which no adverse effects of the test item were observed in mice or rats, respectively. Due to continued and growing interest in the extract in multinational markets, we have now further investigated potential toxic effects in subchronic (90-day) oral toxicity study in male and female Han:WIST rats. The test item was administered at doses of 850, 1700, and 2550 mg/kg bw/day, and did not cause adverse effects in clinical signs, body weight development, clinical pathology, gross pathology, or histopathology in comparison to the vehicle-control group. The no-observed-adverse-effect-level was determined to be 2550 mg/kg bw/day. These results add to the existing body of both preclinical and clinical work relevant to the safety of the extract and of interest to regulators in various global markets.
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Wang Y, Ai Q, Gu M, Guan H, Yang W, Zhang M, Mao J, Lin Z, Liu Q, Liu J. Comprehensive overview of different medicinal parts from Morus alba L.: chemical compositions and pharmacological activities. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1364948. [PMID: 38694910 PMCID: PMC11061381 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1364948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Morus alba L., a common traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with a centuries-old medicinal history, owned various medicinal parts like Mori folium, Mori ramulus, Mori cortex and Mori fructus. Different medical parts exhibit distinct modern pharmacological effects. Mori folium exhibited analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic action and lipid-regulation effects. Mori ramulus owned anti-bacterial, anti-asthmatic and diuretic activities. Mori cortex showed counteraction action of pain, inflammatory, bacterial, and platelet aggregation. Mori fructus could decompose fat, lower blood lipids and prevent vascular sclerosis. The main chemical components in Morus alba L. covered flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and amino acids. This article comprehensively analyzed the recent literature related to chemical components and pharmacological actions of M. alba L., summarizing 198 of ingredients and described the modern activities of different extracts and the bioactive constituents in the four parts from M. alba L. These results fully demonstrated the medicinal value of M. alba L., provided valuable references for further comprehensive development, and layed the foundation for the utilization of M. alba L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Wang
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Qing Ai
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Meiling Gu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Hong Guan
- Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Wenqin Yang
- Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jialin Mao
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Zhao Lin
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Qi Liu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jicheng Liu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
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Alkanad M, Hani U, V AH, Ghazwani M, Haider N, Osmani RAM, M D P, Hamsalakshmi, Bhat R. Bitter yet beneficial: The dual role of dietary alkaloids in managing diabetes and enhancing cognitive function. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 38169069 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
With the rising prevalence of diabetes and its association with cognitive impairment, interest in the use of dietary alkaloids and other natural products has grown significantly. Understanding how these compounds manage diabetic cognitive dysfunction (DCD) is crucial. This comprehensive review explores the etiology of DCD and the effects of alkaloids in foods and dietary supplements that have been investigated as DCD therapies. Data on how dietary alkaloids like berberine, trigonelline, caffeine, capsaicin, 1-deoxynojirimycin, nuciferine, neferine, aegeline, tetramethylpyrazine, piperine, and others regulate cognition in diabetic disorders were collected from PubMed, Research Gate, Web of Science, Science Direct, and other relevant databases. Dietary alkaloids could improve memory in behavioral models and modulate the mechanisms underlying the cognitive benefits of these compounds, including their effects on glucose metabolism, gut microbiota, vasculopathy, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Evidence suggests that dietary alkaloids hold promise for improving cognition in diabetic patients and could open exciting avenues for future research in diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged Alkanad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, Mandya, India
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Annegowda H V
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, Mandya, India
| | - Mohammed Ghazwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazima Haider
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyaz Ali M Osmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Pandareesh M D
- Center for Research and Innovations, Adichunchanagiri University, BGSIT, Mandya, India
| | - Hamsalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Cauvery College of Pharmacy, Cauvery Group of Institutions, Mysuru, India
| | - Rajeev Bhat
- ERA-Chair in Food By-Products Valorisation Technologies (VALORTECH), Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
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Mela DJ, Boers HM, Kadam T, Hiemstra H, Kalathil R, Seijen Ten Hoorn JWM. Effect of mulberry fruit extract on post-prandial glycaemic and insulinemic responses to different rice types: a randomised trial in healthy adults. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:2088-2094. [PMID: 37272629 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that the addition of a specified mulberry fruit extract (MFE) to rice consistently reduces post-prandial glycaemic (PPG) and post-prandial insulinemic (PPI) responses. This research tested whether this effect generalises to a broad range of rice types, reflecting the wide variation in rice characteristics known to influence glycaemic responses. In a randomised, balanced, partial factorial crossover design, Sona Masoori (SM), Bora Saul (BS), Gobindobogh (Gb) and Banskati (Bn) rices were tested with and without 0·37 g MFE. Healthy, normal-weight Indian adults (N 120) each consumed four of the eight possible boiled rice meals, all containing about 50 g available carbohydrate. The primary outcome was the effect of MFE on PPG, expressed as the percentage change in the positive, incremental AUC over 2 h. The mean effect of MFE on PPG for all rice types combined was -11·4 % (P < 0·003). The reduction in PPG was in a qualitatively similar range for all rice types (-9·8 to -15·1 %), and this was statistically significant for Bn. MFE also reduced the corresponding PPI response to all rice types combined by a mean of 10·1 % (P < 0·001; range -6·1 to -13·4 %), and the reduction in PPI was statistically significant for SM, Gb and BS. In conclusion, addition of 0·37 g MFE modestly reduced PPG and PPI responses to rices in general, and the effects were statistically significant for specific rice types.
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Kim JS, Kim HJ, Lee EB, Choi JH, Jung J, Jang HH, Park SY, Ha KC, Park YK, Joo JC, Lee SH. Supplementary Effects of Allium hookeri Extract on Glucose Tolerance in Prediabetic Subjects and C57BL/KsJ- db/db Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1364. [PMID: 37895834 PMCID: PMC10610268 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Allium hookeri (AH) has been used as a nutritional and medicinal food in Asia for many years. Our previous studies have described its anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammatory activities in animal models and prediabetes. This study investigated whether AH could improve glycemia by modulating insulin secretion in prediabetic subjects through an in-depth study. Eighty prediabetic subjects (100 ≤ fasting plasma glucose < 140 mg/dL) were randomly assigned to a placebo (n = 40) group or an ethanol AH extract (500 mg/day, n = 40) group for 12 weeks. Dietary intake and physical activity, blood glucose (an oral glucose tolerance test for 120 min), insulin (insulin response to oral glucose for 120 min), area under the curve (AUC) of glucose or insulin after oral glucose intake, insulin sensitivity markers, C-peptide, adiponectin, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, hematological tests (WBC, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet count), blood biochemical parameters (ALP, AST, total bilirubin, total protein, albumin, gamma-GT, BUN, creatinine, LD, CK, and hs-CRP), and urine parameters (specific gravity and pH) were examined at both baseline and 12 weeks after supplementation with placebo or AH capsules. Fifty-eight participants (placebo group: 20 men and 10 women; AH group: 13 men and 15 women) completed the study. AH supplementation moderately reduced postprandial blood glucose at 60 min (-6.14 mg/dL, p = 0.061), postprandial insulin levels at 90 min (-16.69 µU/mL, p = 0.017), the glucose AUC at 90 min (-412.52 mg*min/dL, p = 0.021), as well as the insulin AUC at 90 min (-978.77 µU*min/mL, p = 0.021) and 120 min (-1426.41 µU*min/mL, p = 0.015) when compared with the placebo group. However, there were no effects of AH on dietary intake and physical activity; HOMA index; HbAlc; C-peptide; or adiponectin, hematological-, blood biochemical-, and urinary markers. To confirm the effects of AH extract on blood glucose insulin sensitivity, C57BL/6J or C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were used (n = 8/group). Body weight, fasting plasma glucose level, lipid profiles, liver and renal function, pancreatic histology, and insulin immunoreactivity were assessed. In the diabetic db/db mice, hyperglycemia, which was accompanied by an increase in insulin secretion in diabetic mice, was significantly reduced by AH treatment, resulting in the alleviation of β-cell overcompensation and insulin resistance. We confirmed that AH supplementation can effectively control blood glucose and insulin levels by improving insulin sensitivity and may be a potential agent for glycemic control in subjects with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Su Kim
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.K.); (E.-B.L.); (J.-H.C.); (J.J.); (H.-H.J.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Hyun-Ju Kim
- Kimchi Functionality Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Jeolla, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun-Byeol Lee
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.K.); (E.-B.L.); (J.-H.C.); (J.J.); (H.-H.J.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Ji-Hye Choi
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.K.); (E.-B.L.); (J.-H.C.); (J.J.); (H.-H.J.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Jieun Jung
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.K.); (E.-B.L.); (J.-H.C.); (J.J.); (H.-H.J.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Hwan-Hee Jang
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.K.); (E.-B.L.); (J.-H.C.); (J.J.); (H.-H.J.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Shin-Young Park
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.K.); (E.-B.L.); (J.-H.C.); (J.J.); (H.-H.J.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Ki-Chan Ha
- Healthcare Claims & Management Incorporation, Jeonju 54858, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; (K.-C.H.); (Y.-K.P.)
| | - Yu-Kyung Park
- Healthcare Claims & Management Incorporation, Jeonju 54858, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; (K.-C.H.); (Y.-K.P.)
| | - Jong-Cheon Joo
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54596, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Hyen Lee
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.K.); (E.-B.L.); (J.-H.C.); (J.J.); (H.-H.J.); (S.-Y.P.)
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Gan L, Inamura Y, Shimizu Y, Yokoi Y, Ohnishi Y, Song Z, Kumaki Y, Kikukawa T, Demura M, Ito M, Ayabe T, Nakamura K, Aizawa T. A Basic Study of the Effects of Mulberry Leaf Administration to Healthy C57BL/6 Mice on Gut Microbiota and Metabolites. Metabolites 2023; 13:1003. [PMID: 37755283 PMCID: PMC10535692 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13091003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mulberry leaves contain α-glucosidase inhibitors, which have hypoglycemic effects and are considered functional foods. However, few reports have covered the effects of mulberry leaf components on normal gut microbiota and gut metabolites. Herein, gut microbiota analysis and NMR-based metabolomics were performed on the feces of mulberry leaf powder (MLP)-treated mice to determine the effects of long-term MLP consumption. Gut microbiota in the mouse were analyzed using 16S-rRNA gene sequencing, and no significant differences were revealed in the diversity and community structure of the gut microbiota in the C57BL/6 mice with or without MLP supplementation. Thirty-nine metabolites were identified via 1H-NMR analysis, and carbohydrates and amino acids were significantly (p < 0.01-0.05) altered upon MLP treatment. In the MLP-treated group, there was a marked increase and decrease in maltose and glucose concentrations, respectively, possibly due to the degradation inhibitory activity of oligosaccharides. After 5 weeks, all amino acid concentrations decreased. Furthermore, despite clear fluctuations in fecal saccharide concentrations, short-chain fatty acid production via intestinal bacterial metabolism was not strongly affected. This study provides the knowledge that MLP administration can alter the gut metabolites without affecting the normal gut microbiota, which is useful for considering MLP as a healthy food source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gan
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuga Inamura
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
- Laboratory of Biological Information Analysis Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yu Shimizu
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuki Yokoi
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohnishi
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Zihao Song
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kumaki
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikukawa
- Laboratory of Biological Information Analysis Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Makoto Demura
- Laboratory of Biological Information Analysis Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ito
- National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Nago 905-2192, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tokiyoshi Ayabe
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kiminori Nakamura
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Aizawa
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
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Zhang Y, Miao R, Ma K, Zhang Y, Fang X, Wei J, Yin R, Zhao J, Tian J. Effects and Mechanistic Role of Mulberry Leaves in Treating Diabetes and its Complications. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2023; 51:1711-1749. [PMID: 37646143 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x23500775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a surge burden worldwide owing to its high prevalence and range of associated complications such as coronary artery disease, blindness, stroke, and renal failure. Accordingly, the treatment and management of DM have become a research hotspot. Mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) have been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for a long time, with the first record of its use published in Shennong Bencao Jing (Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica). Mulberry leaves (MLs) are considered highly valuable medicinal food homologs that contain polysaccharides, flavonoids, alkaloids, and other bioactive substances. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that MLs have multiple bioactive effects, including hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, antioxidation, and anti-inflammatory properties, with the ability to protect islet [Formula: see text]-cells, alleviate insulin resistance, and regulate intestinal flora. However, the pharmacological mechanisms of MLs in DM have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we summarize the botanical characterization, traditional use, chemical constituents, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of MLs, and highlight the mechanisms involved in treating DM and its complications. This review can provide a valuable reference for the further development and utilization of MLs in the prevention and treatment of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Runyu Miao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Kaile Ma
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Fang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jiahua Wei
- Graduate College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, P. R. China
| | - Ruiyang Yin
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Jingxue Zhao
- Development Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxing Tian
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
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Li DF, Tang Q, Yang MF, Xu HM, Zhu MZ, Zhang Y, Tian CM, Nie YQ, Wang JY, Liang YJ, Wang LS, Yao J. Plant-derived exosomal nanoparticles: potential therapeutic for inflammatory bowel disease. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:3575-3588. [PMID: 37441251 PMCID: PMC10334410 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00093a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation. However, currently available disease-modifying anti-IBD drugs exhibit limited efficacy in IBD therapy. Furthermore, existing therapeutic approaches provide only partial relief from IBD symptoms and are associated with certain side effects. In recent years, a novel category of nanoscale membrane vesicles, known as plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs), has been identified in edible plants. These PDENs are abundant in bioactive lipids, proteins, microRNAs, and other pharmacologically active compounds. Notably, PDENs possess immunomodulatory, antitumor, regenerative, and anti-inflammatory properties, making them particularly promising for the treatment of intestinal diseases. Moreover, PDENs can be engineered as targeted delivery systems for the efficient transport of chemical or nucleic acid drugs to the site of intestinal inflammation. In the present study, we provided an overview of PDENs, including their biogenesis, extraction, purification, and construction strategies, and elucidated their physiological functions and therapeutic effects on IBD. Additionally, we summarized the applications and potential of PDENs in IBD treatment while highlighting the future directions and challenges in the field of emerging nanotherapeutics for IBD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology) Shenzhen 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Qi Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology) Shenzhen 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Mei-Feng Yang
- Department of Hematology, Yantian District People's Hospital Shenzhen 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Hao-Ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510030 China
| | - Min-Zheng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510030 China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Huizhou Institute of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention Huizhou 516000 Guangdong China
| | - Cheng-Mei Tian
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology) Shenzhen 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Yu-Qiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510030 China
| | - Jian-Yao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital Shenzhen 518026 Guangdong China
| | - Yu-Jie Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital Shenzhen 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology) Shenzhen 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology) Shenzhen 518020 Guangdong China
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10
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Tang C, Bao T, Zhang Q, Qi H, Huang Y, Zhang B, Zhao L, Tong X. Clinical potential and mechanistic insights of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus: Focusing on gut microbiota, inflammation, and metabolism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 306:116143. [PMID: 36632855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Natural herbs are gradually gaining recognition for their efficacy and safety in preventing diabetes and improving quality of life. Morus alba L. is a plant widely grown in Asia and is a traditional Chinese herb with a long history of use. Furthermore, several parts of Morus alba L. have been found to have significant health benefits. In particular, mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves (ML) have been shown in human and animal studies to be promising hypoglycemic agents that can reduce or prevent glucolipid metabolism disorders caused by imbalances in the gut microbiota, inflammation, and oxidative stress and have demonstrated significant improvements in glucose metabolism-related markers, effectively lowering blood glucose, and reducing hyperglycemia-induced target organ damage. AIM OF THE STUDY This review briefly summarizes the methods for obtaining ML's bioactive components, elaborates on the clinical potential of the relevant components in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and focuses on the therapeutic mechanisms of gut microbiota, inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolism, to provide more inspiration and directions for future research in the field of traditional natural plants for the management of T2DM and its complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Research on ML and its bioactive components was mainly performed using electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceNet, to ensure the review's quality. In addition, master's and doctoral theses and ancient documents were consulted. RESULTS In clinical studies, we found that ML could effectively reduce blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in T2DM patients. Furthermore, many in vitro and in vivo experiments have found that ML is involved in various pathways that regulate glucolipid metabolism and resist diabetes while alleviating liver and kidney damage. CONCLUSIONS As a potential natural anti-diabetic phytomedicine, an in-depth study of ML can provide new ideas and valuable references for applying traditional Chinese medicine to treat T2DM. While continuously exploring its clinical efficacy and therapeutic mechanism, the extraction method should be optimized to improve the efficacy of the bioactive components. in addition, further research on the dose-response relationship of drugs to determine the effective dose range is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Tingting Bao
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China; Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Hongyu Qi
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China; Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Changchun, China; Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yishan Huang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boxun Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China; Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Mohamed M, Zagury RL, Bhaskaran K, Neutel J, Mohd Yusof BN, Mooney L, Yeo L, Kirwan BA, Aprikian O, von Eynatten M, Johansen OE. A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study to Evaluate Postprandial Glucometabolic Effects of Mulberry Leaf Extract, Vitamin D, Chromium, and Fiber in People with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Ther 2023; 14:749-766. [PMID: 36855010 PMCID: PMC10064401 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-023-01379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reducing postprandial (PP) hyperglycemia and PP glucose excursions is important for overall glycemic management. Although most therapeutic lifestyle interventions that reduce caloric intake would affect this, there is no particular nutritional intervention favored. METHODS We evaluated the effects of a novel natural food adjuvant combining mulberry leaf extract (MLE) with other bioactive ingredients, in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) originating from Asia, on improving PP glucometabolic response in a randomized controlled exploratory crossover, two-center study (USA, Singapore). A 2-g blend of 250 mg MLE [containing 12.5 mg of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ)], fiber (1.75 g), vitamin D3 (0.75 μg), and chromium (75 μg), compared with a similar blend without the MLE, was sprinkled over a 350-kcal breakfast meal (55.4 g carbs) and PP blood glucose (primary exploratory endpoint), insulin, and incretin hormones (GLP-1, GIP) were evaluated in blood samples over 3 h. Changes in incremental areas under the concentration curve (iAUC) and maximum concentrations (Cmax) were compared. RESULTS Thirty individuals (12 women, mean age 59 years, HbA1c 7.1%, BMI 26.5 kg/m2) were enrolled and the MLE-based blend relative to the blend without MLE significantly reduced glucose iAUC at 1 h (- 20%, p < 0.0001), 2 h (- 17%, p = 0.0001), and 3 h (- 15%, p = 0.0032) and Cmax [mean (95% CI) difference - 0.8 (- 1.2, - 0.3) mmol/L, p = 0.0006]. A statistically significant reduction in 1 h insulin iAUC (- 24%, p = 0.0236) was observed, but this reduction was no longer present at either 2 h or 3 h. No difference in GLP-1 was seen, but GIP response (iAUC and Cmax) was less with the MLE-based blend. CONCLUSIONS The observation of a significant glucose reduction paralleled with a significant lower insulin response supports a reduced gastrointestinal glucose absorption. These results support the use of a 2-g natural blend of MLE, fiber, vitamin D, and chromium in T2D as a convenient dietary adjuvant to improve PP glucometabolic response. CLINICALTRIALS gov identifier NCT04877366.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kalpana Bhaskaran
- Temasek Polytechnic, Glycemic Index Research Unit, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Linda Mooney
- Nestlé Health Science, Bridgewater Township, USA
| | - Lihe Yeo
- Nestlé Health Science, Bridgewater Township, USA
| | - Bridget-Anne Kirwan
- SOCAR Research, Nyon, Switzerland
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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12
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Dose-response efficacy of mulberry fruit extract for reducing post-prandial blood glucose and insulin responses: randomised trial evidence in healthy adults. Br J Nutr 2023; 129:771-778. [PMID: 35272722 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Extracts of mulberry have been shown to reduce post-prandial glucose (PPG) and insulin (PPI) responses, but reliability of these effects and required doses and specifications are unclear. We previously found that 1·5 g of a specified mulberry fruit extract (MFE) significantly reduced PPG and PPI responses to 50 g carbohydrate as rice porridge, with no indications of intolerance. The trials reported here aimed to replicate that work and assess the efficacy of lower MFE doses, using boiled rice as the carbohydrate source. Two separate randomised controlled intervention studies were carried out with healthy Indian males and females aged 20-50 years (n 84 per trial), with PPG area under the curve over 2 h as the primary outcome. Trial 1 used doses of 0, 0·37, 0·75, 1·12 and 1·5 g MFE in boiled rice and 0 or 1·5 g MFE in rice porridge. Trial 2 used doses of 0, 0·04, 0·12, 0·37 g MFE in boiled rice. In trial 1, relative to control, all MFE doses significantly decreased PPG (-27·2 to -22·9 %; all P ≤ 0·02) and PPI (-34·6 to -14·0 %, all P < 0·01). Breath hydrogen was significantly increased only at 1·5 g MFE (in rice porridge), and self-reported gastrointestinal symptoms were uniformly low. In trial 2, only 0·37 g MFE significantly affected PPG (-20·4 %, P = 0·002) and PPI (-17·0 %, P < 0·001). Together, these trials show that MFE in doses as low as 0·37 g can reliably reduce PPG and PPI responses to a carbohydrate-rich meal, with no apparent adverse effects.
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13
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Cui W, Luo K, Xiao Q, Sun Z, Wang Y, Cui C, Chen F, Xu B, Shen W, Wan F, Cheng A. Effect of mulberry leaf or mulberry leaf extract on glycemic traits: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Funct 2023; 14:1277-1289. [PMID: 36644880 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02645g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mulberry leaf (ML) and mulberry leaf extract (MLE) have numerous biological properties, such as regulating sugar and lipid metabolism, reducing blood glucose, and increasing insulin secretion. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials to examine the effect of ML/MLE supplementation on glycemic traits in adults, including fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and fasting plasma insulin (FPI). Twelve clinical trials (615 participants) fulfilled the eligibility criteria for the present meta-analysis, which included sensitivity analysis and GRADE (grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation) certainty. Based on the heterogeneity between included studies, a random effects model was applied in the meta-analysis, and the results are expressed as WMD (weighted mean differences) with 95% CI (confidence intervals). Meta-analysis showed that ML/MLE supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in FBG by -0.47 mmol L-1, HbA1c by -2.92 mmol mol-1, and FPI by -0.58 μIU mL-1. In addition, subgroup analysis indicated that long-term supplementation of ML/MLE (≥8 weeks) was more effective for regulation of the glycemic traits in the non-healthy and baseline FPG >6.1 mmol L-1 subgroups. Glycemic regulation by ML/MLE may be attributed to the phytochemicals they contain, which are mainly 1-deoxynojirimycin, flavonoids, phenolics, and polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology/Engineering Center of Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Kaiyun Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology/Engineering Center of Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Qian Xiao
- College of Food Science and Technology/Engineering Center of Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Zhaoyue Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology/Engineering Center of Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Yunfu Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology/Engineering Center of Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Caifang Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology/Engineering Center of Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Fuchun Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology/Engineering Center of Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Ben Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology/Engineering Center of Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Weijun Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Fachun Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Anwei Cheng
- College of Food Science and Technology/Engineering Center of Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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14
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Takahashi M, Mineshita Y, Yamagami J, Wang C, Fujihira K, Tahara Y, Kim HK, Nakaoka T, Shibata S. Effects of the timing of acute mulberry leaf extract intake on postprandial glucose metabolism in healthy adults: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:468-473. [PMID: 36650279 PMCID: PMC10115625 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Glucose tolerance is controlled by the internal clock and is worse in the evening. From a chrononutrition perspective, diabetes prevention requires evaluating the antidiabetic effects of the timing of functional ingredients and nutrient intake. The purpose of this study was to investigate the timing effects of acute mulberry leaf extract (MLE) intake on postprandial glucose levels in young adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS Twelve young adults underwent four trials. Blood samples were collected in a fasting state and at 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after eating a mixed meal. The study had a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial design involving: (1) morning placebo trial (08:00 h; MP trial), (2) evening placebo trial (18:00 h; EP trial), (3) morning MLE trial (08:00 h; MM trial), and (4) evening MLE trial (18:00 h; EM trial). RESULTS The incremental area under the blood glucose curve (iAUC) in the EM trials was significantly lower than that in the EP trials (P = 0.010). The postprandial glucose concentrations 120 min after the meal were significantly lower in the EM trials than those in the EP trials (P = 0.006). The postprandial insulin concentrations at 120 min were significantly lower in the MM trials than those in the MP trials (P = 0.034). Moreover, the postprandial insulin concentrations 180 min after the meal were significantly lower in the EM trials than those in the EP trials (P = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS MLE intake in the evening, but not in the morning, was effective in improving glucose tolerance. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trial reference: UMIN 000045301; website of trial registry: https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000051340 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Takahashi
- Institute for Liberal Arts, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan. .,School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.
| | - Yui Mineshita
- School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Jumpei Yamagami
- Functional Food Research Institute, FANCL Research Institute, Totsuka, Kanagawa, 244-0806, Japan
| | - Chunyi Wang
- School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Kyoko Fujihira
- Institute for Liberal Arts, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Yu Tahara
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-0037, Japan
| | - Hyeon-Ki Kim
- School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakaoka
- Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 211-0021, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
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15
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Hu B, Yin T, Zhang J, Liu M, Yun H, Wang J, Guo R, Huang J, Zhou Y, Meng H, Wang L. Effect of "maccog" TCM tea on improving glucolipid metabolism and gut microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes in community. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1134877. [PMID: 36967788 PMCID: PMC10031008 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1134877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This work aimed to observe the effect of consuming Chinese herb tea on glucolipid metabolism and gut microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Ninety patients with T2DM were recruited from a community and randomly divided into the control group (CG) and intervention group (IG). CG maintained conventional treatment and lifestyle, and IG accepted additional "maccog" traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) tea (mulberry leaf, radix astragali, corn stigma, cortex lycii, radix ophiopogonis, and gynostemma) for 12 weeks. Glucolipid metabolism, hepatorenal function, and gut microbiota were then measured. RESULTS After the intervention, the decreases in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and total cholesterol (TC) were greater (P<0.05) in IG than in CG, and those in glycosylated serum protein (GSP) were almost significantly greater (P=0.066) in IG than in CG. The total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), and creatinine (CREA) levels in IG were significantly lower and their decreases were larger in IG than in CG (P<0.05) after the intervention. The Ace and Chao1 indices in IG were slightly higher after the intervention (P=0.056 and 0.052, respectively) than at baselines. The abundance of Actinobacteria, Lachnospiraceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, and Phascolarctobacterium increased significantly after the intervention in IG (P<0.05), and the abundance was higher in IG than in CG (P<0.05 or P<0.1). The abundance of Clostridiales and Lactobacillales was negatively correlated with FPG (P<0.05), Clostridiales and Lachnospiraceae was negatively correlated with GSP (P<0.05), and Bacteroides/Firmicutes was positively correlated with both (P<0.05). No adverse event was observed during the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Administration of "maccog" TCM tea for 12 weeks slightly improved glucolipid metabolism and significantly increased the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota in community patients with T2DM. The increase in beneficial bacteria abundance may be involved in the improvement of glucose metabolism indicators. In addition, this intervention is safe and feasible. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=31281, identifier ChiCTR1800018566.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyue Hu
- Cardiovascular Department, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- School of Nursing, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tongtong Yin
- School of Nursing, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- School of Nursing, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Minjing Liu
- School of Nursing, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hang Yun
- School of Nursing, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Research Center, Soochow Setek Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Renmei Guo
- Research Center, Soochow Setek Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Research Center, Soochow Setek Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Yixia Zhou
- Nursing School of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Guizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Wang, ; Hongyan Meng, ; Yixia Zhou,
| | - Hongyan Meng
- Cardiovascular Department, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- School of Nursing, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Wang, ; Hongyan Meng, ; Yixia Zhou,
| | - Li Wang
- School of Nursing, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Wang, ; Hongyan Meng, ; Yixia Zhou,
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Analysis of White Mulberry Leaves and Dietary Supplements, ATR-FTIR Combined with Chemometrics for the Rapid Determination of 1-Deoxynojirimycin. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245276. [PMID: 36558434 PMCID: PMC9781008 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease affecting more people every year. The treatment of diabetes and its complications involve substantial healthcare expenditures. Thus, there is a need to identify natural products that can be used as nutraceuticals to prevent and treat early-stage diabetes. White mulberry (Morus alba L.) is a plant that has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years due to its many beneficial biological properties. White mulberry leaves are a source of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), which, due to its ability to inhibit α-glucosidase, can be used to regulate postprandial glucose concentration. In addition to consuming dried white mulberry leaves as herbal tea, many functional foods also contain this raw material. The development of the dietary supplements market brings many scientific and regulatory challenges to the safety, quality and effectiveness of such products containing concentrated amounts of nutraceuticals. In the present study, the quality of 19 products was assessed by determining the content of DNJ, selected (poly)phenols and antioxidant activity (DPPH• assay). Nine of these products were herbal teas, and the other samples were dietary supplements. These results indicate the low quality of tested dietary supplements, the use of which (due to the low content of nutraceuticals) cannot bring the expected beneficial effects on health. Moreover, a method for determining the content of DNJ (the essential component for antidiabetic activity) based on ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with PLS regression has been proposed. This might be an alternative method to the commonly used chromatographic process requiring extraction and derivatization of the sample. It allows for a quick screening assessment of the quality of products containing white mulberry leaves.
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Mulberry-Derived 1-Deoxynojirimycin Prevents Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Progression via Modulation of Retinol-Binding Protein 4 and Haptoglobin. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214538. [PMID: 36364802 PMCID: PMC9658717 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-diabetic or early-stage type 2 diabetes patients may develop an adverse diabetic progression, leading to several complications and increasing hospitalization rates. Mulberry leaves, which contain 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), have been used as a complementary medicine for diabetes prevention and treatment. Our recent study demonstrated that mulberry leaf powder with 12 mg of DNJ improves postprandial hyperglycemia, fasting plasma glucose, and glycated hemoglobin. However, the detailed mechanisms are still unknown. This study investigates the effect of long-term (12-week) supplementation of mulberry leaves in obese people with prediabetes and patients with early-stage type 2 diabetes. Participants’ blood was collected before and after supplementation. The protein profile of the plasma was examined by proteomics. In addition, the mitochondrial function was evaluated by energetic and homeostatic markers using immunoelectron microscopy. The proteomics results showed that, from a total of 1291 proteins, 32 proteins were related to diabetes pathogenesis. Retinol-binding protein 4 and haptoglobin protein were downregulated, which are associated with insulin resistance and inflammation, respectively. For mitochondrial function, the haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase domain-containing protein 3 (HDHD-3) and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp-1) displayed a significant increment in the after treatment group. In summary, administration of mulberry leaf powder extract in prediabetes and the early stage of diabetes can alleviate insulin resistance and inflammation and promote mitochondrial function in terms of energy production and fission.
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Derosa G, D'Angelo A, Maffioli P. The role of selected nutraceuticals in management of prediabetes and diabetes: An updated review of the literature. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3709-3765. [PMID: 35912631 PMCID: PMC9804244 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dysglycemia is a disease state preceding the onset of diabetes and includes impaired fasting glycemia and impaired glucose tolerance. This review aimed to collect and analyze the literature reporting the results of clinical trials evaluating the effects of selected nutraceuticals on glycemia in humans. The results of the analyzed trials, generally, showed the positive effects of the nutraceuticals studied alone or in association with other supplements on fasting plasma glucose and post-prandial plasma glucose as primary outcomes, and their efficacy in improving insulin resistance as a secondary outcome. Some evidences, obtained from clinical trials, suggest a role for some nutraceuticals, and in particular Berberis, Banaba, Curcumin, and Guar gum, in the management of prediabetes and diabetes. However, contradictory results were found on the hypoglycemic effects of Morus, Ilex paraguariensis, Omega-3, Allium cepa, and Trigonella faenum graecum, whereby rigorous long-term clinical trials are needed to confirm these data. More studies are also needed for Eugenia jambolana, as well as for Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus which glucose-lowering effects were observed when administered in combination, but not alone. Further trials are also needed for quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Derosa
- Department of Internal Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly,Centre of Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases, and DyslipidemiasUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly,Regional Centre for Prevention, Surveillance, Diagnosis and Treatment of Dyslipidemias and AtherosclerosisFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly,Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut)BolognaItaly,Laboratory of Molecular MedicineUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Angela D'Angelo
- Department of Internal Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly,Laboratory of Molecular MedicineUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Pamela Maffioli
- Centre of Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases, and DyslipidemiasUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly,Regional Centre for Prevention, Surveillance, Diagnosis and Treatment of Dyslipidemias and AtherosclerosisFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly,Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut)BolognaItaly
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Zhang X, Zhang L, Zhang B, Liu K, Sun J, Li Q, Zhao L. Herbal tea, a novel adjuvant therapy for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:982387. [PMID: 36249806 PMCID: PMC9561533 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.982387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic, endocrine disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. Several studies have shown that herbal tea improves glucose metabolism disorders in patients with T2DM. This study summarizes the published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on herbal tea as a adjuvant therapy for treating T2DM and found that herbal teas have potential add-on effects in lowering blood glucose levels. In addition, we discussed the polyphenol contents in common herbal teas and their possible adverse effects. To better guide the application of herbal teas, we further summarized the hypoglycemic mechanisms of common herbal teas, which mainly involve: 1) improving insulin resistance, 2) protecting islet β-cells, 3) anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation, 4) inhibition of glucose absorption, and 5) suppression of gluconeogenesis. In conclusion, herbal tea, as a novel adjuvant therapy for treating T2DM, has the potential for further in-depth research and product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Zhang
- Department of Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boxun Zhang
- Department of Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Graduate College, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- Department of Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qingwei Li, ; Linhua Zhao,
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Department of Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qingwei Li, ; Linhua Zhao,
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20
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Lange E, Kęszycka PK, Pałkowska-Goździk E, Billing-Marczak K. Comparison of Glycemic Response to Carbohydrate Meals without or with a Plant-Based Formula of Kidney Bean Extract, White Mulberry Leaf Extract, and Green Coffee Extract in Individuals with Abdominal Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12117. [PMID: 36231426 PMCID: PMC9566345 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to the rising prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes, a strategy that can positively influence diet quality in a simple way is being explored, since a low glycemic index (GI) diet is advised in the dietoprophylaxis and diet therapy of diabetes. Methods: Twenty-three women with abdominal obesity participated in the study. The postprandial glycemic response and glycemic index were determined after three carbohydrate meals (noodle soup, white rice, strawberry sorbet) without or with the addition of a plant-base supplement (extracts of kidney bean, white mulberry leaf, and green coffee) with a potentially hypoglycemic effect. For two products (instant noodle soup and white rice), the addition of the plant supplement resulted in a reduction in glicemic iAUC values (respectively, by: 17.1%, p = 0.005 and 5.3%; p = 0.03; 40.6%, p = 0.004 and 5.3%, p = 0.019). However, this effect was not observed for strawberry sorbet. The blood glucose concentrations 30 min after the consumption of instant noodle soup and white rice with the plant-based formula addition significantly affected the GI value of tested meals (p = 0.0086, r = 0.53; p = 0.0096, r = 0.53), which may indicate the effect of this plant supplement on enterohormone and/or insulin secretion. Conclusion: A formula containing kidney bean, white mulberry leaves, and green coffee extracts may therefore be a notable factor in lowering postprandial glycemia and the GI of carbohydrate foods. However, further research is needed to determine for which food groups and meals its use may be most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Lange
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159 C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Katarzyna Kęszycka
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159 C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Pałkowska-Goździk
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159 C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Billing-Marczak
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159 C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- MarMar Investment LLC, ul. Słomińskiego 15/509, 00-195 Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Gheldof N, Francey C, Rytz A, Egli L, Delodder F, Bovetto L, Piccardi N, Darimont C. Effect of Different Nutritional Supplements on Glucose Response of Complete Meals in Two Crossover Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132674. [PMID: 35807854 PMCID: PMC9268658 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Postprandial hyperglycemia is an important risk factor in the development and progression of type-2 diabetes and cardiometabolic diseases. Therefore, maintaining a low postprandial glucose response is key in preventing these diseases. Carbohydrate-rich meals are the main drivers of excessive glycemic excursions during the day. The consumption of whey protein premeals or mulberry leaf extract was reported to reduce postprandial glycemia through different mechanisms of action. The efficacy of these interventions was shown to be affected by the timing of the consumption or product characteristics. Two randomised crossover studies were performed, aiming to identify the optimal conditions to improve the efficacy of these nutritional supplements in reducing a glycemic response. The acute postprandial glycemic response was monitored with a continuous glucose monitoring device. The first study revealed that a preparation featuring 10 g of whey protein microgel reduced the postprandial glucose response by up to 30% (p = 0.001) and was more efficient than the whey protein isolates, independently of whether the preparation was ingested 30 or 10 min before a complete 320 kcal breakfast. The second study revealed that a preparation featuring 250 mg mulberry leaf extract was more efficient if it was taken together with a complete 510 kcal meal (−34%, p < 0.001) rather than ingested 5 min before (−26%, p = 0.002). These findings demonstrate that the efficacy of whey proteins premeal and mulberry leaf extracts can be optimised to provide potential nutritional solutions to lower the risk of type-2 diabetes or its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Gheldof
- Nestlé Research, Institute of Health Sciences, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (N.G.); (C.F.); (L.E.)
| | - Celia Francey
- Nestlé Research, Institute of Health Sciences, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (N.G.); (C.F.); (L.E.)
| | - Andreas Rytz
- Nestlé Research, Clinical Research Unit, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (A.R.); (F.D.); (N.P.)
| | - Léonie Egli
- Nestlé Research, Institute of Health Sciences, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (N.G.); (C.F.); (L.E.)
| | - Frederik Delodder
- Nestlé Research, Clinical Research Unit, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (A.R.); (F.D.); (N.P.)
| | - Lionel Bovetto
- Nestlé Research, Institute of Material Science, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Nathalie Piccardi
- Nestlé Research, Clinical Research Unit, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (A.R.); (F.D.); (N.P.)
| | - Christian Darimont
- Nestlé Research, Institute of Health Sciences, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (N.G.); (C.F.); (L.E.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Morus alba L. for Blood Sugar Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9282154. [PMID: 35656460 PMCID: PMC9152381 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9282154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Morus alba L. is used for blood sugar management in patients with diabetes mellitus. This review aimed to evaluate the effect of Morus alba on blood sugar management. Methods This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and four Korean medical databases (RISS, OASIS, NDSL, and KISS) using relevant keywords. Randomized controlled trials with any type of control intervention were included. The selection of studies, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed independently by two researchers. Results Our results showed that Morus alba can reduce postprandial glucose and insulin levels. However, it is insufficient to conclude that Morus alba is an effective intervention for lowering blood glucose levels. Therefore, more rigorous studies are needed to reveal the effect of MA on blood glucose levels. Conclusion The conclusion of this review provides evidence that Morus alba can control blood sugar level. This systematic review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42021255940).
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23
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Sriwastva MK, Deng Z, Wang B, Teng Y, Kumar A, Sundaram K, Mu J, Lei C, Dryden GW, Xu F, Zhang L, Yan J, Zhang X, Park JW, Merchant ML, Egilmez NK, Zhang H. Exosome-like nanoparticles from Mulberry bark prevent DSS-induced colitis via the AhR/COPS8 pathway. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53365. [PMID: 34994476 PMCID: PMC8892346 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bark protects the tree against environmental insults. Here, we analyzed whether this defensive strategy could be utilized to broadly enhance protection against colitis. As a proof of concept, we show that exosome-like nanoparticles (MBELNs) derived from edible mulberry bark confer protection against colitis in a mouse model by promoting heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8 (HSPA8)-mediated activation of the AhR signaling pathway. Activation of this pathway in intestinal epithelial cells leads to the induction of COP9 Constitutive Photomorphogenic Homolog Subunit 8 (COPS8). Utilizing a gut epithelium-specific knockout of COPS8, we demonstrate that COPS8 acts downstream of the AhR pathway and is required for the protective effect of MBELNs by inducing an array of anti-microbial peptides. Our results indicate that MBELNs represent an undescribed mode of inter-kingdom communication in the mammalian intestine through an AhR-COPS8-mediated anti-inflammatory pathway. These data suggest that inflammatory pathways in a microbiota-enriched intestinal environment are regulated by COPS8 and that edible plant-derived ELNs may hold the potential as new agents for the prevention and treatment of gut-related inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh K Sriwastva
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyBrown Cancer CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Zhong‐Bin Deng
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyBrown Cancer CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Bomei Wang
- Department of Translational OncologyGenentechSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yun Teng
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyBrown Cancer CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyBrown Cancer CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Kumaran Sundaram
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyBrown Cancer CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Jingyao Mu
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyBrown Cancer CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Chao Lei
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyBrown Cancer CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Gerald W Dryden
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyBrown Cancer CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical CenterLouisvilleKYUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Fangyi Xu
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyBrown Cancer CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyBrown Cancer CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyBrown Cancer CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- KBRIN Bioinformatics CoreUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Juw Won Park
- KBRIN Bioinformatics CoreUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Department of Computer Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Michael L Merchant
- Kidney Disease Program and Clinical Proteomics CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Nejat K Egilmez
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyBrown Cancer CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Huang‐Ge Zhang
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyBrown Cancer CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical CenterLouisvilleKYUSA
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24
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Yang C, Tang X, Duan Y, Tang J, Tang Q, Yang H, Bin D, Liu J. Effect of Mulberry Leaf powder on reproductive performance, serum indexes and milk amino acid composition in lactating sows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:1258-1267. [PMID: 34927293 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Experiment was conducted to study the effects of Mulberry Leaf (ML) powder on reproductive performance, serum and milk amino acid composition in sows. Fifty sows (D 85 at gestation) with parity 3 or 4 were randomly divided into 5 groups: C, M100, M200, M300 and M400, receiving 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 g ML powder per sow per day. Blood and milk of sows at Days 1 and 21 of lactation were collected. Results showed that average daily feed intake (ADFI) during lactation was higher in groups supplemented ML compared with control group (p < 0.01). Litter weight gain during lactation was higher in M400 than in groups M200 and C (p < 0.05), with no significant difference compared with M100 and M300. Serum glucose concentration in groups M400 and M300 was higher than those in the other groups (p < 0.01). Serum HDL-C concentration in group M400 was significantly greater than those in groups M100 and M200 (p < 0.05), with no significant difference between group M400 and groups M300, control. Milk amino acid concentrations such as isoleucine, leucine, lysine and valine were all lower in group M400 than in control (p < 0.01). Serum methionine (Met) concentration was higher in M300 than in other groups (p < 0.01). Milk Met concentration in group C was higher than those of the sows in the group M400, with no significant difference compared with groups M100, M200 and M300 (p < 0.05). Serum Lys and Met concentrations were lower in M400 than in control group (p < 0.05). In summary, our results have revealed the ML supplementation at a high dose such as 300 g/day during later gestation and lactation showed benefit in regulating lipid and amino acid metabolism in sows and then improved growth performance of their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, College of NanYue, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in Nanyue Mountain Area, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - XiaoWu Tang
- Hunan Vocational Technical College of Environment and Biology, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - YangYang Duan
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, College of NanYue, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in Nanyue Mountain Area, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - JiaoYu Tang
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, College of NanYue, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in Nanyue Mountain Area, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - QingHai Tang
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, College of NanYue, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in Nanyue Mountain Area, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Hai Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, College of NanYue, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in Nanyue Mountain Area, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - DongMei Bin
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, College of NanYue, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in Nanyue Mountain Area, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Xiangcun High-technology Agricultural Co. LTD, Loudi, Hunan, China
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25
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Zhang R, Zhang Q, Zhu S, Liu B, Liu F, Xu Y. Mulberry leaf (Morus alba L.): A review of its potential influences in mechanisms of action on metabolic diseases. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106029. [PMID: 34896248 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The leaves of Morus alba L. (called Sangye in Chinese, ML), which belong to the genus Morus., are highly valuable edible plants in nutrients and nutraceuticals. In Asian countries including China, Japan and Korea, ML are widely used as functional foods including beverages, noodles and herbal tea because of its biological and nutritional value. Meanwhile, ML-derived products in the form of powders, extracts and capsules are widely consumed as dietary supplements for controlling blood glucose and sugar. Clinical studies showed that ML play an important role in the treatment of metabolic diseases including the diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, atherosclerosis and hypertension. People broadly use ML due to their nutritiousness, deliciousness, safety, and abundant active benefits. However, the systematic pharmacological mechanisms of ML on metabolic diseases have not been fully revealed. Therefore, in order to fully utilize and scale relevant products about ML, this review summarizes the up-to-date information about the ML and its constituents effecting on metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyuan Zhang
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Zhu
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Biyang Liu
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yao Xu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Lim WXJ, Gammon CS, von Hurst P, Chepulis L, Page RA. A Narrative Review of Human Clinical Trials on the Impact of Phenolic-Rich Plant Extracts on Prediabetes and Its Subgroups. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113733. [PMID: 34835989 PMCID: PMC8624625 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic-rich plant extracts have been demonstrated to improve glycemic control in individuals with prediabetes. However, there is increasing evidence that people with prediabetes are not a homogeneous group but exhibit different glycemic profiles leading to the existence of prediabetes subgroups. Prediabetes subgroups have been identified as: isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and combined impaired fasting glucose and glucose intolerance (IFG/IGT). The present review investigates human clinical trials examining the hypoglycemic potential of phenolic-rich plant extracts in prediabetes and prediabetes subgroups. Artemisia princeps Pampanini, soy (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) leaf and Citrus junos Tanaka peel have been demonstrated to improve fasting glycemia and thus may be more useful for individuals with IFG with increasing hepatic insulin resistance. In contrast, white mulberry (Morus alba Linn.) leaf, persimmon (Diospyros kaki) leaf and Acacia. Mearnsii bark were shown to improve postprandial glycemia and hence may be preferably beneficial for individuals with IGT with increasing muscle insulin resistance. Elaeis guineensis leaf was observed to improve both fasting and postprandial glycemic measures depending on the dose. Current evidence remains scarce regarding the impact of the plant extracts on glycemic control in prediabetes subgroups and therefore warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xin Janice Lim
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand; (W.X.J.L.); (C.S.G.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Cheryl S. Gammon
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand; (W.X.J.L.); (C.S.G.)
| | - Pamela von Hurst
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand;
| | - Lynne Chepulis
- Waikato Medical Research Centre, Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand;
| | - Rachel A. Page
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
- Centre for Metabolic Health Research, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-4-801-5799 (ext. 63462)
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27
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Parida IS, Takasu S, Nakagawa K. A comprehensive review on the production, pharmacokinetics and health benefits of mulberry leaf iminosugars: Main focus on 1-deoxynojirimycin, d-fagomine, and 2-O-ɑ-d-galactopyranosyl-DNJ. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-29. [PMID: 34658276 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1989660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mulberry leaves are rich in biologically active compounds, including phenolics, polysaccharides, and alkaloids. Mulberry leaf iminosugars (MLIs; a type of polyhydroxylated alkaloids), in particular, have been gaining increasing attention due to their health-promoting effects, including anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hypercholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, and gut microbiota-modulatory activities. Knowledge regarding the in vivo bioavailability and bioactivity of MLIs are crucial to understand their role and function and human health. Therefore, this review is aimed to comprehensively summarize the existing studies on the oral pharmacokinetics and the physiological significance of selected MLIs (i.e.,1-deoxynojirimycin, d-fagomine, and 2-O-ɑ-d-galactopyranosyl-DNJ). Evidence have suggested that MLIs possess relatively good uptake and safety profiles, which support their prospective use for oral intake; the therapeutic potential of these compounds against metabolic and chronic disorders and the underlying mechanisms behind these effects have also been studied in in vitro and in vivo models. Also discussed are the biosynthetic pathways of MLIs in plants, as well as the agronomic and processing factors that affect their concentration in mulberry leaves-derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soo Takasu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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28
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Qiao Y, Ito M, Kimura T, Ikeuchi T, Takita T, Yasukawa K. Inhibitory effect of Morus australis leaf extract and its component iminosugars on intestinal carbohydrate-digesting enzymes. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 132:226-233. [PMID: 34148793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
α-Amylase and α-glucosidase are central enzymes involved in the digestion of carbohydrates. α-Glucosidase includes maltase-glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase. We have previously performed the kinetic analysis of the inhibitory effects of powdered or roasted Morus australis leaf extract and its component iminosugars, such as 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ), fagomine, and 2-O-α-d-galactopyranosyl deoxynojirimycin (GAL-DNJ) on the activity of maltase. In this study, we analyzed the inhibitory effects of the aforementioned compounds against α-amylase, glucoamylase, sucrase, and isomaltase. At pH 6.0 and 37 °C, each leaf extract sample inhibited glucoamylase, sucrase, and isomaltase but not α-amylase. 1-DNJ and fagomine showed weak α-amylase inhibitory activity while GAL-DNJ exhibited none. 1-DNJ showed a strong glucoamylase, sucrase, and isomaltase inhibitory potential. The inhibitory potential against these three enzymes was 18-500 and 1500-3000-fold higher in the case of 1-DNJ than that observed in the case of fagomine and GAL-DNJ, respectively. We also observed that the indigestible dextrin could considerably inhibit α-amylase. When the powdered M. australis leaf extract was blended with indigestible dextrin, the mixture inhibited α-amylase, as well as maltase, glucoamylase, sucrase, and isomaltase. These results suggest that the ingestion of the leaf extract blended with indigestible dextrin might have the potential to efficiently suppress the postprandial blood glucose level increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qiao
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ito
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, 905 Henoko, Nago 905-2192, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kimura
- Food Research Institute (NFRI), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Takeaki Ikeuchi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Teisuke Takita
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yasukawa
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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29
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Chen YS, Jiang X, Sun YY, Zhang SY, Li K, Chen WB, Liu YQ. Development and evaluation of 1-deoxynojirimycin sustained-release delivery system: In vitro and in vivo characterization studies. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:2294-2305. [PMID: 33942484 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to establish a 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) sustained-release delivery system to improve the hypoglycemic effect of DNJ. We used a transdermal diffusion meter in an in vitro orthogonal experiment to determine the optimal composition of the DNJ sustained-release transdermal system. Based on the in vitro analysis results, a sustained-release patch was prepared, and its pharmacokinetics and other properties were determined in vivo. The results showed that 30% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (K100M ), 14% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium and 26% oleic acid-azone compound as the matrix material, drug excipient, and penetration enhancer, respectively, produced an optimal DNJ sustained-release delivery system. In vitro release tests showed that the system slowly released DNJ within 12 hr, conforming to the Higuchi equation. In vivo experiments showed that the prepared patch had good hypoglycemic activity and continuously released DNJ within 10 hr. In vivo pharmacokinetic study results showed that compared to conventional patches, the prepared patch exhibited significantly different maximum concentration (Cmax ), time to achieve Cmax (Tmax ), and area under the curve from 0 to time t (AUC[0-t] ) as well as improved pharmacokinetics. In conclusion, the prepared DNJ patch has high stability, a sustained-release effect, and relatively good pharmacokinetics and is a safe dosage form that does not cause skin irritation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Si Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi-Yang Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sai-Ya Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Bo Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Qiang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Jan B, Parveen R, Zahiruddin S, Khan MU, Mohapatra S, Ahmad S. Nutritional constituents of mulberry and their potential applications in food and pharmaceuticals: A review. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3909-3921. [PMID: 34220247 PMCID: PMC8241616 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry is a fast growing deciduous plant found in wide variety of climatic, topographical and soil conditions, and is widely distributed from temperate to subtropical regions. Due to presence of valuable phytochemical constituents, mulberry as a whole plant has been utilized as a functional food since long time. Mulberry fruits are difficult to preserve as they have relatively high water content. Therefore for proper utilization, different value-added products like syrups, squashes, teas, pestil sand köme, pekmez (turkuish by-products), yogurts, jams, jellies, wines, vinegar, breads, biscuits, parathas, and many more are made. In overseas, these value-added products are commercially sold and easily available, though in India, this versatile medicinal plant is still missing its identity at commercial and industrial scale. Leaves of mulberry are economically viable due to their important role in the sericulture industry since ancient times. Mulberries or its extracts exhibit excellent anti-microbial, anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer effects and is used to combat different acute and chronic diseases. Different parts of Morus species like fruits, leaves, twigs, and bark exhibit strong anti-tyrosinase inhibition activity that makes it a suitable candidate in cosmetic industries as a whitening agent. The current review provides a comprehensive discussion concerning the phytochemical constituents, functionality and nutraceutical potential of mulberry and as a common ingredient in various cosmetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisma Jan
- Department of Food Technology School of Interdisciplinary Science & Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.,Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Rabea Parveen
- Department of Food Technology School of Interdisciplinary Science & Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.,Department of Biosciences, Human Genetics and Laboratory, Jamia Milia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Sultan Zahiruddin
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Umar Khan
- Department of Food Technology School of Interdisciplinary Science & Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.,Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sradhanjali Mohapatra
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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31
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Ignat MV, Coldea TE, Salanță LC, Mudura E. Plants of the Spontaneous Flora with Beneficial Action in the Management of Diabetes, Hepatic Disorders, and Cardiovascular Disease. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020216. [PMID: 33498684 PMCID: PMC7911329 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The current pharmacological agents advised for the management of diabetes as well as cardiovascular and hepatic diseases are subject to numerous studies for safety and efficacy. Therefore, it is worth looking into alternative therapeutic aids such as natural products of medicinal plants. By a broad review of in vitro and in vivo studies on the various dandelion, chicory, and mulberry extracts, this work highlights their bioactive compounds and therapeutic action when used as a prevention and management aid in public health such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hepatic disorders like non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Natural products of dandelion leaves and root extracts can suppress the development of liver cancer, decrease insulin resistance, and suppress total triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Recent studies on mulberry leaves extracts indicated that they could decrease palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity, increase total cholesterol and bile acid excretion, improve superoxide dismutase expression, and improve insulin resistance. Chicory root extracts boost satiety, reverse insulin resistance, and augment lipid metabolism thanks to their contents in chicoric acid, chlorogenic acid, and polysaccharides. Taraxacum officinale L., Morus nigra L., and Cichorium intybus L. present hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and hypoglycemic activities and are shown to be advantageous in the management of obesity, dyslipidemia, Type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. These plants are commonly available in the European spontaneous flora and more attention could be paid to their natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Valentina Ignat
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.V.I.); (T.E.C.)
| | - Teodora Emilia Coldea
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.V.I.); (T.E.C.)
| | - Liana Claudia Salanță
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Elena Mudura
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.V.I.); (T.E.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-749-054-055
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Qiao Y, Nakayama J, Ikeuchi T, Ito M, Kimura T, Kojima K, Takita T, Yasukawa K. Kinetic analysis of inhibition of α-glucosidase by leaf powder from Morus australis and its component iminosugars. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:2149-2156. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1783991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Mulberry leaves contain iminosugars, such as 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ), fagomine, and 2-O-α-D-galactopyranosyl deoxynojirimycin (GAL-DNJ) that inhibit α-glucosidase. In this study, we quantified iminosugars in Morus australis leaves and made the kinetic analysis in the hydrolysis of maltose by α-glucosidase. By LC-MS/MS, the concentrations of 1-DNJ, fagomine, and GAL-DNJ in the powdered leaves were 4.0, 0.46, and 2.5 mg/g, respectively, and those in the roasted ones were 1.0, 0.24, and 0.73 mg/g, respectively, suggesting that the roasting process degraded iminosugars. Steady-state kinetic analysis revealed that the powdered and roasted leaves exhibited competitive inhibition. At pH 6.0 at 37ºC, the IC50 values of the extracts from the boiled powdered or roasted leaves were 0.36 and 1.1 mg/mL, respectively. At the same condition, the IC50 values of 1-DNJ, fagomine, and GAL-DNJ were 0.70 μg/mL, 0.18 mg/mL, and 2.9 mg/mL, respectively. These results suggested that in M. australis, 1-DNJ is a major inhibitor of α-glucosidase.
Abbreviations
1-DNJ: 1-deoxynojirimycin; GAL-DNJ: 2-O-α-D-galactopyranosyl-DNJ
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qiao
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Juri Nakayama
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeaki Ikeuchi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ito
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Nago, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kimura
- Food Research Institute (NFRI), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenji Kojima
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teisuke Takita
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yasukawa
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Lee H, Jung DH, Seo DH, Chung WH, Seo MJ. Genome analysis of 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ)-producing Bacillus velezensis K26 and distribution of Bacillus sp. harboring a 1-DNJ biosynthetic gene cluster. Genomics 2020; 113:647-653. [PMID: 33010389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
1-Deoxynojirumycin (1-DNJ) is a representative iminosugar with α-glucosidase inhibition (AGI) activity. In this study, the full genome sequencing of 1-DNJ-producing Bacillus velezensis K26 was performed. The genome consists of a circular chromosome (4,047,350 bps) with two types of putative virulence factors, five antibiotic resistance genes, and seven secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. Genomic analysis of a wide range of Bacillus species revealed that a 1-DNJ biosynthetic gene cluster was commonly present in four Bacillus species (B. velezensis, B. pseudomycoides, B. amyloliquefaciens, and B. atrophaeus). In vitro experiments revealed that the increased mRNA expression levels of the three 1-DNJ biosynthetic genes were closely related to increased AGI activity. Genomic comparison and alignment of multiple gene sequences indicated the conservation of the 1-DNJ biosynthetic gene cluster in each Bacillus species. This genomic analysis of Bacillus species having a 1-DNJ biosynthetic gene cluster could provide a basis for further research on 1-DNJ-producing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Graduate School of Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Jung
- Bacteria Research Team, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Seo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Hyong Chung
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung-Ji Seo
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Graduate School of Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.
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Liu Y, Zhang J, Guo H, Zhao A, Shao D, Dong Z, Sun Y, Fan Y, Yang F, Li P, Mao S, Zhong W, Ren Z, Wang H, Zhang Y, Wang P. Effects of mulberry leaf and white kidney bean extract mix on postprandial glycaemic control in pre-diabetic subjects aged 45–65 years: a randomized controlled trial. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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35
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Dong YS, Yu N, Li X, Zhang B, Xing Y, Zhuang C, Xiu ZL. Dietary 5,6,7-Trihydroxy-flavonoid Aglycones and 1-Deoxynojirimycin Synergistically Inhibit the Recombinant Maltase-Glucoamylase Subunit of α-Glucosidase and Lower Postprandial Blood Glucose. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8774-8787. [PMID: 32806121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
1-Deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) is the major effective component of mulberry leaves, exhibiting inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase. However, due to the low content of 1-DNJ in mulberry products, its level cannot meet the lowest dose to exhibit its activity. In this study, a combination of dietary 5,6,7-trihydroxy-flavonoid aglycones with 1-DNJ showed synergistic inhibitory activity against maltase of mice α-glucosidase and recombinant C- and N-termini of maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) and baicalein with 1-DNJ exhibited the strongest synergistic effect. The synergistic effect of the combination was also confirmed by the maltose tolerance test in vivo. Enzyme kinetics, molecular docking, fluorescence spectrum, and circular dichroism spectrometry studies indicated that the major mechanism of the synergism is that baicalein was a positive allosteric inhibitor and bound to the noncompetitive site of MGAM, causing an increase of the binding affinity of 1-DNJ to MGAM. Our results might provide a theoretical basis for the design of dietary supplements containing mulberry products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Sheng Dong
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Na Yu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Bowei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yan Xing
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Zhi-Long Xiu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
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A bioactive polypeptide from sugarcane selectively inhibits intestinal sucrase. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:938-948. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Mela DJ, Cao XZ, Dobriyal R, Fowler MI, Lin L, Joshi M, Mulder TJP, Murray PG, Peters HPF, Vermeer MA, Zhang Z. The effect of 8 plant extracts and combinations on post-prandial blood glucose and insulin responses in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:51. [PMID: 32647531 PMCID: PMC7336677 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00471-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower post-prandial glucose (PPG) and insulin (PPI) responses to foods are associated with reduced diabetes risk and progression. Several plant extracts have been proposed to reduce PPG or PPI by inhibiting enzymes or transporters involved in carbohydrate digestion and uptake. This study evaluates a range of such extracts, consumed with a carbohydrate load, for their effects on PPG, PPI and indicators of (gastrointestinal) tolerance. METHODS Interventions were extracts of mulberry fruit (MFE, 1.5 g), mulberry leaf (MLE, 1.0 g), white bean (WBE, 3.0 g), apple (AE, 2.0 g), elderberry (EE, 2.0 g), turmeric (TE, 0.18 g), AE + TE, and EE + TE. Each of these 8 individual extracts or combinations were added to a rice porridge containing ~ 50 g available carbohydrate (control). In a within-subject (randomised, balanced incomplete block) design, individual subjects received the control and a subset of 4 of the 8 extracts or combinations. Participants were 72 apparently healthy adults (mean [SD] age 31.2 [5.5] yr, body mass index 22.1 [2.0] kg/m2). The primary outcome was the percentage change in 2-h PPG (positive incremental area under the curve) relative to control. Secondary measures were the 2-h PPI response, 7-h breath hydrogen, measures of gastrointestinal discomfort, and urine glucose. RESULTS In the 65 subjects who completed the control and at least one intervention treatment, additions of AE, MFE and MLE produced statistically significant reductions in PPG vs control (p < 0.05; mean effect - 24.1 to - 38.1%). All extracts and combinations except TE and WBE significantly reduced PPI (p < 0.01; mean effect - 17.3% to - 30.4%). Rises in breath hydrogen > 10 ppm were infrequent, but statistically more frequent than control only for MLE (p = 0.02). Scores for gastrointestinal discomfort were extremely low and not different from control for any treatment, and no glucosuria was observed. CONCLUSIONS Additions of AE, MFE and MLE to rice robustly reduced PPG and PPI. EE significantly reduced only PPI, while TE and WBE showed no significant efficacy for PPG or PPI. Breath hydrogen responses to MLE suggest possible carbohydrate malabsorption at the dose used, but there were no explicit indications of intolerance to any of the extracts. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04258501. Registered 6 February 2020 - Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Li Lin
- Unilever R&D Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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38
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Ruijgrok C, Blaak EE, Egli L, Dussort P, Vinoy S, Rauh SP, Beulens JW, Robertson MD, Alssema M. Reducing postprandial glucose in dietary intervention studies and the magnitude of the effect on diabetes-related risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:259-273. [PMID: 32277270 PMCID: PMC7867534 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Reducing postprandial hyperglycemia has beneficial effects on
diabetes-related risk factors, but the magnitude of the reduction needed to achieve such
an effect is unknown. The purpose of the study was to quantify the relationship of acute
glucose and insulin postprandial responses with longer-term effects on diabetes-related
risk factors by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary intervention
studies. Methods We systematically searched EMBASE and MEDLINE. Dietary intervention studies
among any human population aiming to reduce postprandial glycemia, with actual measures of
postprandial glucose (PPG) and/or insulin (PPI) as acute exposures (incremental area under
the curve, iAUC) as well as markers of glucose metabolism (fasting glucose, HbA1c) and
insulin sensitivity (fasting insulin, HOMA-IR) after at least 4 weeks of diet intervention
as outcomes were included. Meta-analyses were performed for the effects on acute exposures
and on diabetes-related risk factors. The relationship between changes in acute exposures
and changes in risk factor outcomes was estimated by meta-regression analyses. Results Out of the 13,004 screened papers, 13 papers with 14 comparisons were
included in the quantitative analysis. The dietary interventions acutely reduced mean PPG
[mean difference (MD), − 0.27 mmol/l; 95% CI − 0.41 to − 0.14], but not mean PPI (MD
− 7.47 pmol/l; 95% CI − 16.79 to 1.86). There were no significant overall effects on
fasting glucose and insulin. HbA1c was reduced by − 0.20% (95% CI − 0.35 to − 0.05).
Changes in acute PPG were significantly associated with changes in fasting plasma glucose
(FPG) [per 10% change in PPG: β = 0.085 (95% CI 0.003,
0.167), k = 14], but not with fasting insulin
[β = 1.20 (95% CI − 0.32, 2.71), k = 12]. Changes in acute PPI were not associated with changes
in FPG [per 10% change in PPI: β = − 0.017 (95% CI
− 0.056, 0.022), k = 11]. Conclusions Only a limited number of postprandial glucose-lowering dietary intervention
studies measured acute postprandial exposures to PPG/PPI during the interventions. In this
small heterogeneous set of studies, an association was found between the magnitude of the
acute postprandial responses and the change in fasting glucose, but no other outcomes.
More studies are needed to quantify the relationship between acute postprandial changes
and long-term effects on risk factors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-020-02240-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized
users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolien Ruijgrok
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC - location VUmc, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Léonie Egli
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Dussort
- ILSI Europe a.I.S.B.L., Avenue E. Mounier 83, Box 6, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sophie Vinoy
- Nutrition Department, Mondelez International R&D, Saclay, France
| | - Simone P Rauh
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC - location VUmc, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joline W Beulens
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC - location VUmc, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marjan Alssema
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC - location VUmc, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Unilever Research and Development, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
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Thaipitakwong T, Supasyndh O, Rasmi Y, Aramwit P. A randomized controlled study of dose-finding, efficacy, and safety of mulberry leaves on glycemic profiles in obese persons with borderline diabetes. Complement Ther Med 2020; 49:102292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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40
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Rezaeiamiri E, Bahramsoltani R, Rahimi R. Plant-derived natural agents as dietary supplements for the regulation of glycosylated hemoglobin: A review of clinical trials. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:331-342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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41
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Derosa G, D'Angelo A, Maffioli P. Ilex paraguariensis, white mulberry and chromium picolinate in patients with pre-diabetes. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1377-1384. [PMID: 31994278 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM to evaluate if a nutraceutical compound containing Ilex paraguariensis, White Mulberry and Chromium Picolinate can ameliorate glycemic status in patients with pre-diabetes. METHODS we enrolled patients with IFG or IGT, not taking other hypoglycemic compounds. Patients were randomized to take placebo or the nutraceutical compound for 3 months, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Both treatments were self-administered once a day, 1 tablet during the breakfast. RESULTS a reduction of FPG was observed with the nutraceutical combination (-7.8%). Furthermore, there was a decrease of HOMA-IR with the nutraceutical combination (-7.9%). M value was higher (p < 0.05 vs baseline and p < 0.05 vs placebo) at the end of the treatment. We obtained a reduction of Tg with the nutraceutical combination (-8.3%). About 16.6% of patients treated with nutraceutical returned to have a normal glycemia (< 100 mg/dL), and all patients had an improvement of insulin-resistance, in particular 67% of patients returned to have a M value inside range of normal insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS a nutraceutical containing Ilex paraguariensis, White Mulberry and Chromium Picolinate at 500 mg can be helpful in improving glycemia and Tg value, in patients with pre-diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Derosa
- Centre of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, PAVIA, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, PAVIA, Italy
- Centre for Prevention, Surveillance, Diagnosis and Treatment of Rare Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, PAVIA, Italy
| | - Angela D'Angelo
- Centre of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, PAVIA, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, PAVIA, Italy
| | - Pamela Maffioli
- Centre of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, PAVIA, Italy
- Centre for Prevention, Surveillance, Diagnosis and Treatment of Rare Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, PAVIA, Italy
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Parida IS, Takasu S, Ito J, Ikeda R, Yamagishi K, Kimura T, Eitsuka T, Nakagawa K. Supplementation ofBacillus amyloliquefaciensAS385 culture broth powder containing 1-deoxynojirimycin in a high-fat diet altered the gene expressions related to lipid metabolism and insulin signaling in mice epididymal white adipose tissue. Food Funct 2020; 11:3926-3940. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00271b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Supplementation ofBacillus amyloliquefaciensAS385 culture broth powder in high-fat diet restored adiposity, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Supardi Parida
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Soo Takasu
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Junya Ito
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Ryoichi Ikeda
- Food Research Laboratory
- Asahimatsu Foods Co
- Ltd
- Iida
- Nagano
| | - Kenji Yamagishi
- Food Research Institute (NFRI)
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kimura
- Food Research Institute (NFRI)
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Takahiro Eitsuka
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
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An overview of the biological production of 1-deoxynojirimycin: current status and future perspective. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9335-9344. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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44
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Thakur K, Zhang YY, Mocan A, Zhang F, Zhang JG, Wei ZJ. 1-Deoxynojirimycin, its potential for management of non-communicable metabolic diseases. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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45
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PARIDA IS, TAKASU S, ITO J, IKEDA R, YAMAGISHI K, KIMURA T, MIYAZAWA T, EITSUKA T, NAKAGAWA K. Physiological Effects and Organ Distribution of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AS385 Culture Broth Powder Containing 1-Deoxynojirimycin in C57BL/6J Mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2019; 65:157-163. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.65.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Supardi PARIDA
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
| | - Soo TAKASU
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
| | - Junya ITO
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
| | | | - Kenji YAMAGISHI
- Food Research Institute (NFRI), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
| | - Toshiyuki KIMURA
- Food Research Institute (NFRI), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
| | - Teruo MIYAZAWA
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University
| | - Takahiro EITSUKA
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
| | - Kiyotaka NAKAGAWA
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
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Wu H, Zeng W, Chen G, Guo Y, Yao C, Li J, Liang Z. Spectroscopic techniques investigation on the interaction of glucoamylase with 1-deoxynojirimycin: Mechanistic and conformational study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 206:613-621. [PMID: 30098884 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), a representative polyhydroxylated alkaloids, is widely used in the field of antidiabetic, antitumor, and anti-HIV. The present study tried to clarify the interaction mechanism of DNJ with glucoamylase by multi-spectroscopic techniques, dynamic light scattering in combination with molecular modeling strategies from biophysics point of view. Fluorescence and UV-vis data indicated that fluorescence quenching mechanism of glucoamylase and DNJ was a dynamic manner. The association constant, binding site and thermodynamic parameters were also obtained from fluorescence spectrum at different temperatures. Synchronous fluorescence, circular dichroism and dynamic light scattering methods demonstrated that their interaction induced microenvironment changes around tryptophan residue and protein conformational alteration. The main driving force was hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding. In addition, molecular docking study indicated that 1-deoxynojirimycin could bind in the catalytic domain of glucoamylase and interact with amino acid residues Arg78, Asp79, Glu203 and Glu424 by forming hydrogen bonds. Molecular dynamics simulation demonstrated that profiles of atomic fluctuation remained the rigidity of ligand binding site. This study elucidated the detailed interaction mechanism of DNJ with glucoamylase, which will be helpful for pharmaceutical companies to design new α-glucosidase inhibitor drugs based on polyhydroxylated alkaloids compound like DNJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Guiguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Ye Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Chengzhen Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiqun Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China.
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Thaipitakwong T, Numhom S, Aramwit P. Mulberry leaves and their potential effects against cardiometabolic risks: a review of chemical compositions, biological properties and clinical efficacy. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:109-118. [PMID: 29347857 PMCID: PMC6130672 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1424210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cardiometabolic risks are regarded as the crucial factors associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Regarding an increased attention to medicinal plants in the current healthcare system, the effects of mulberry (Morus spp., Moraceae) leaves on cardiometabolic risks have been consecutively considered in scientific research. OBJECTIVE The present review compiles and summarizes the chemical compositions, biological properties and clinical efficacy of mulberry leaves that are related to the amelioration of cardiometabolic risks. METHODS Published English literature from the PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases was searched by using 'mulberry leaves' 'Morus spp.', 'hyperglycemia', 'hyperlipidemia', 'obesity', 'hypertension', 'oxidative stress', 'atherosclerosis' and 'cardiovascular diseases' as the keywords. The relevant articles published over the past two decades were identified and reviewed. RESULTS Mulberry leaves contain numerous chemical constituents. 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), phenolics and flavonoids are the prominent functional compounds. Preclinical and clinical studies showed that mulberry leaves possessed various beneficial effects against cardiometabolic risks, including antihyperglycaemic, antihyperlipidaemic, antiobesity, antihypertensive, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic and cardioprotective effects. CONCLUSIONS Mulberry leaves could be a promising therapeutic option for modulating cardiometabolic risks. However, further investigations should be performed to substantiate the potential of mulberry leaves in practical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanchanit Thaipitakwong
- Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications Research Unit and Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surawej Numhom
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornanong Aramwit
- Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications Research Unit and Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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48
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Bae UJ, Jung ES, Jung SJ, Chae SW, Park BH. Mulberry leaf extract displays antidiabetic activity in db/db mice via Akt and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. Food Nutr Res 2018; 62:1473. [PMID: 30150922 PMCID: PMC6109265 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v62.1473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Augmenting glucose utilization in skeletal muscle via the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3 kinase)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway or the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway is necessary to regulate hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective We investigated the effect of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells and explored its in vivo antidiabetic potential. Design Male db/db mice were treated with either MLE (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 250 mg/kg) or metformin (100 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. Results MLE treatment stimulated glucose uptake, driven by enhanced translocation of glucose transporter 4 to cell membranes in L6 myotubes. These effects of MLE were synergistic with those of insulin and were abolished in the presence of PI3K inhibitor or AMPK inhibitor. In db/db mice, supplementation with MLE decreased fasting blood glucose and insulin levels and enhanced insulin sensitivity, with increases of p-Akt and p-AMPK in skeletal muscle. Moreover, MLE improved blood lipid parameters and attenuated hepatic steatosis in diabetic db/db mice. Discussion These findings suggest that MLE exerts antidiabetic activity through stimulating glucose disposal in skeletal muscle cells via the PI3K/Akt and AMPK pathways. Conclusions MLE can potentially improve hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ui-Jin Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.,Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Soo Jung
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Jung
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Wan Chae
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
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49
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Ge Q, Zhang S, Chen L, Tang M, Liu L, Kang M, Gao L, Ma S, Yang Y, Lv P, Kong M, Yao Q, Feng F, Chen K. Mulberry Leaf Regulates Differentially Expressed Genes in Diabetic Mice Liver Based on RNA-Seq Analysis. Front Physiol 2018. [PMID: 30131712 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01051/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus is a complicated process involving much gene regulation. The molecular mechanism of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf in the treatment of diabetes is not fully understood. In this study, we used the Illumina HiSeq™ 2,500 platform to explore the liver transcriptome of normal mice, STZ-induced diabetic mice, and mulberry leaf-treated diabetic mice, and we obtained 52,542,956, 52,626,414, and 52,780,196 clean reads, respectively. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during the pathogenesis of diabetes in mice. The functional properties of DEGs were characterized by comparison with the GO and KEGG databases, and the results show that DEGs are mainly involved in the metabolic pathway. qRT-PCR was used to analyse 27 differential genes involved in liver expression in different groups of diabetic mice. Among the DEGs, the expression of Scube1, Spns3, Ly6a, Igf2, and other genes between the control (C) and diabetic control (DC) groups was significantly upregulated; the expression of Grb10, Mup2, and Fasn was significantly downregulated; the expression of the Sqle, Lss, and Irs2 genes between the C group and diabetic group treated with mulberry (DD) was significantly upregulated; the expression of Fabp2, Ly6a, and Grb10 was significantly downregulated; and the expression of Sqle and Lss was significantly upregulated in the DC and DD groups, but Tap1, Igf2, and Spns3 were significantly downregulated. The results of Western blot validation showed that dynamic changes in proteins, such as IGF2, Ly6a, Grb10, and UBD, occurred to regulate the incidence of diabetes by influencing the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ge
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Lanlan Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mengna Kang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lu Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shangshang Ma
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yanhua Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Peng Lv
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ming Kong
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qin Yao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fan Feng
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Keping Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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50
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Ge Q, Zhang S, Chen L, Tang M, Liu L, Kang M, Gao L, Ma S, Yang Y, Lv P, Kong M, Yao Q, Feng F, Chen K. Mulberry Leaf Regulates Differentially Expressed Genes in Diabetic Mice Liver Based on RNA-Seq Analysis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1051. [PMID: 30131712 PMCID: PMC6090096 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus is a complicated process involving much gene regulation. The molecular mechanism of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf in the treatment of diabetes is not fully understood. In this study, we used the Illumina HiSeq™ 2,500 platform to explore the liver transcriptome of normal mice, STZ-induced diabetic mice, and mulberry leaf-treated diabetic mice, and we obtained 52,542,956, 52,626,414, and 52,780,196 clean reads, respectively. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during the pathogenesis of diabetes in mice. The functional properties of DEGs were characterized by comparison with the GO and KEGG databases, and the results show that DEGs are mainly involved in the metabolic pathway. qRT-PCR was used to analyse 27 differential genes involved in liver expression in different groups of diabetic mice. Among the DEGs, the expression of Scube1, Spns3, Ly6a, Igf2, and other genes between the control (C) and diabetic control (DC) groups was significantly upregulated; the expression of Grb10, Mup2, and Fasn was significantly downregulated; the expression of the Sqle, Lss, and Irs2 genes between the C group and diabetic group treated with mulberry (DD) was significantly upregulated; the expression of Fabp2, Ly6a, and Grb10 was significantly downregulated; and the expression of Sqle and Lss was significantly upregulated in the DC and DD groups, but Tap1, Igf2, and Spns3 were significantly downregulated. The results of Western blot validation showed that dynamic changes in proteins, such as IGF2, Ly6a, Grb10, and UBD, occurred to regulate the incidence of diabetes by influencing the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ge
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Lanlan Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mengna Kang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lu Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shangshang Ma
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yanhua Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Peng Lv
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ming Kong
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qin Yao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fan Feng
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Keping Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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