1
|
Pandey H, Jain D, Tang DWT, Wong SH, Lal D. Gut microbiota in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapeutics of inflammatory bowel disease. Intest Res 2024; 22:15-43. [PMID: 37935653 PMCID: PMC10850697 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2023.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disease, which is thought to be an interplay between genetic, environment, microbiota, and immune-mediated factors. Dysbiosis in the gut microbial composition, caused by antibiotics and diet, is closely related to the initiation and progression of IBD. Differences in gut microbiota composition between IBD patients and healthy individuals have been found, with reduced biodiversity of commensal microbes and colonization of opportunistic microbes in IBD patients. Gut microbiota can, therefore, potentially be used for diagnosing and prognosticating IBD, and predicting its treatment response. Currently, there are no curative therapies for IBD. Microbiota-based interventions, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, have been recognized as promising therapeutic strategies. Clinical studies and studies done in animal models have provided sufficient evidence that microbiota-based interventions may improve inflammation, the remission rate, and microscopic aspects of IBD. Further studies are required to better understand the mechanisms of action of such interventions. This will help in enhancing their effectiveness and developing personalized therapies. The present review summarizes the relationship between gut microbiota and IBD immunopathogenesis. It also discusses the use of gut microbiota as a noninvasive biomarker and potential therapeutic option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daryl W. T. Tang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Sunny H. Wong
- Centre for Microbiome Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Devi Lal
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saracino IM, Foschi C, Pavoni M, Spigarelli R, Valerii MC, Spisni E. Antifungal Activity of Natural Compounds vs. Candida spp.: A Mixture of Cinnamaldehyde and Eugenol Shows Promising In Vitro Results. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11010073. [PMID: 35052950 PMCID: PMC8773119 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida spp. are commensal organisms of the skin, mucous membranes, gastrointestinal tract, blood, and vagina of animals and humans. In recent decades, the incidence of human fungal infections has increased, with Candida spp. (mainly C. albicans) infections being the most frequent, and the treatment of fungal infections is still a clinical challenge. Colonization of the human gastrointestinal tract by Candida spp. is significant because infections (e.g., candidemia and vulvovaginal candidiasis) frequently arise from commensal microorganisms. The aim of this study was to test in vitro the antifungal activity and the eventual synergistic effect of five pure components of essential oils: cinnamaldehyde, α-pinene, limonene, eucalyptol, and eugenol. These compounds were tested on 18 Candida strains (15 C. albicans, 2 C. glabrata, and 1 C. lusitaniae) derived from a culture collection of vaginal clinical strains. Methods: Fungistatic activity was evaluated using the disk diffusion method. For fungicidal activity, microdilution and time–kill curve protocols were set up. The checkerboard method was chosen to evaluate a possible synergistic effect of these compounds when mixed. Results: Cinnamaldehyde and eugenol gave the best results, inhibiting all the Candida strains and showing a highly additive effect (FICI 0.625). The cinnamaldehyde inhibition zone (IZ), MIC, and MFC means were 69 mm, 50.05 mg/L, and 109.26 mg/L respectively. Cinnamaldehyde led to the total loss of viable Candida cells within 4 h. Eugenol IZ, MIC, and MFC means were 35.2 mm, 455.42 mg/L, and 690.09 mg/L, respectively. Eugenol led to the total loss of viable fungal cells within 1 h. Treatment with α-pinene inhibited 88.9% of Candida strains, with an IZ mean of 21.2 mm, a MIC mean of 195.41 mg/L, and a MFC mean of 251.27 mg/L; this compound led to the total loss of viable fungal cells only after 24 h. Limonene inhibited only 33.3% of the tested strains and eucalyptol did not produce an inhibition halo, so these compounds were not tested further. Conclusions: These characteristics, together with the well-known safety of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol for human use, make these two natural compounds the perfect candidates for the treatment of candidiasis. This was a pilot study, the purpose of which was to evaluate the best composition of a mixture to be used against intestinal and vulvovaginal candidiasis; in vivo studies are needed to confirm these very encouraging results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Maria Saracino
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Specialized, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico St. Orsola Polyclinic, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.F.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Claudio Foschi
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Specialized, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico St. Orsola Polyclinic, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Matteo Pavoni
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Specialized, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico St. Orsola Polyclinic, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Renato Spigarelli
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.S.); (M.C.V.); (E.S.)
| | - Maria Chiara Valerii
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.S.); (M.C.V.); (E.S.)
| | - Enzo Spisni
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.S.); (M.C.V.); (E.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ito R, Mine Y, Yumisashi Y, Yoshioka R, Hamaoka M, Taji T, Murayama T, Nikawa H. In Vivo Efficacy of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus L8020 in a Mouse Model of Oral Candidiasis. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7050322. [PMID: 33919079 PMCID: PMC8143095 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral candidiasis presents with multiple clinical manifestations. Among known pathogenic Candida species, Candida albicans is the most virulent and acts as the main causative fungus of oral candidiasis. Novel treatment modalities are needed because of emergent drug resistance and frequent candidiasis recurrence. Here, we evaluated the ability of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus L8020, isolated from healthy and caries-free volunteers, to prevent against the onset of oral candidiasis in a mouse model. Mice were infected with C. albicans, in the presence or absence of L. rhamnosus L8020. The mice were treated with antibiotics and corticosteroid to disrupt the oral microbiota and induce immunosuppression. We demonstrated that oral consumption of L. rhamnosus L8020 by C. albicans-infected mice abolished the pseudomembranous region of the mouse tongue; it also suppressed changes in the expression levels of pattern recognition receptor and chemokine genes. Our results suggest that L. rhamnosus L8020 has protective or therapeutic potential against oral candidiasis, which supports the potential use of this probiotic strain for oral health management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rei Ito
- Department of Oral Biology & Engineering, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (R.I.); (Y.Y.); (M.H.); (T.T.); (H.N.)
| | - Yuichi Mine
- Department of Medical System Engineering, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (R.Y.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-82-257-5446
| | - Yoshie Yumisashi
- Department of Oral Biology & Engineering, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (R.I.); (Y.Y.); (M.H.); (T.T.); (H.N.)
| | - Reina Yoshioka
- Department of Medical System Engineering, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (R.Y.); (T.M.)
| | - Misa Hamaoka
- Department of Oral Biology & Engineering, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (R.I.); (Y.Y.); (M.H.); (T.T.); (H.N.)
| | - Tsuyoshi Taji
- Department of Oral Biology & Engineering, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (R.I.); (Y.Y.); (M.H.); (T.T.); (H.N.)
| | - Takeshi Murayama
- Department of Medical System Engineering, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (R.Y.); (T.M.)
| | - Hiroki Nikawa
- Department of Oral Biology & Engineering, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (R.I.); (Y.Y.); (M.H.); (T.T.); (H.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Farah CS. Concurrent chronic hyperplastic candidosis and oral lichenoid lesion as adverse events of secukinumab therapy. Aust Dent J 2021; 66:340-345. [PMID: 33547810 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Secukinumab (Cosentyx®) is an IL-17A inhibitor which is used for the management of psoriasis, active psoriatic arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis. Oral adverse events of secukinumab therapy are not widely appreciated. This article highlights the presentation of two concurrent oral adverse events of secukinumab therapy; namely chronic hyperplastic candidosis (CHC) and oral lichenoid lesion (OLL). This is the first documented case report of CHC occurring as a consequence of secukinumab therapy, and represents a new adverse effect which general and specialist oral health practitioners should be aware of. This case highlights the importance of correlating the presence of oral lesions with the patient's medical history, keeping up to date with the development of new medications and pharmacotherapeutics, having a deep understanding of underlying biological processes related to various oral diseases, and appreciating the use of clinical adjunctive devices. Accurate diagnosis is key to formulating a correct management plan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C S Farah
- The Oral Medicine Clinic, Hollywood Private Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Anatomical Pathology, Australian Clinical Labs, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia.,Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research & Education, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Peters BM, Coleman BM, Willems HME, Barker KS, Aggor FEY, Cipolla E, Verma AH, Bishu S, Huppler AH, Bruno VM, Gaffen SL. The Interleukin (IL) 17R/IL-22R Signaling Axis Is Dispensable for Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Regardless of Estrogen Status. J Infect Dis 2021; 221:1554-1563. [PMID: 31805183 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans, a ubiquitous commensal fungus that colonizes human mucosal tissues and skin, can become pathogenic, clinically manifesting most commonly as oropharyngeal candidiasis and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Studies in mice and humans convincingly show that T-helper 17 (Th17)/interleukin 17 (IL-17)-driven immunity is essential to control oral and dermal candidiasis. However, the role of the IL-17 pathway during VVC remains controversial, with conflicting reports from human data and mouse models. Like others, we observed induction of a strong IL-17-related gene signature in the vagina during estrogen-dependent murine VVC. As estrogen increases susceptibility to vaginal colonization and resulting immunopathology, we asked whether estrogen use in the standard VVC model masks a role for the Th17/IL-17 axis. We demonstrate that mice lacking IL-17RA, Act1, or interleukin 22 showed no evidence for altered VVC susceptibility or immunopathology, regardless of estrogen administration. Hence, these data support the emerging consensus that Th17/IL-17 axis signaling is dispensable for the immunopathogenesis of VVC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Peters
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bianca M Coleman
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hubertine M E Willems
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Katherine S Barker
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Felix E Y Aggor
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ellyse Cipolla
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Akash H Verma
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Srinivas Bishu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Anna H Huppler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Vincent M Bruno
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah L Gaffen
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mori K, Naganuma M, Mizuno S, Suzuki H, Kitazume MT, Shimamura K, Chiba S, Sugita A, Matsuoka K, Hisamatsu T, Kanai T. β-(1,3)-Glucan derived from Candida albicans induces inflammatory cytokines from macrophages and lamina propria mononuclear cells derived from patients with Crohn's disease. Intest Res 2018; 16:384-392. [PMID: 30090037 PMCID: PMC6077311 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2018.16.3.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Recent research has highlighted the importance of interactions between commensal fungi and intestinal inflammation. However, there are few studies investigating whether commensal fungi contribute to inflammation in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of this study is to investigate reveal interactions between commensal fungi and host immune cells in CD. Methods CD14-positive monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy human volunteers and then differentiated in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) (referred to as M-macrophages, M-Mϕs) or M-CSF and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (referred to as M-gamma macrophages, Mγ-Mϕs). Cytokine production by these in vitro differentiated macrophages in response to β-(1,3)-glucan was analyzed by flow cytometry. Expression of Dectin-1 was examined using flow cytometry, western blotting, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Cytokine production by in vitro differentiated macrophages in response to β-(1,3)-glucan was measured in the presence of an anti-Dectin-1 receptor antagonist, anti-Syr, or an anti-Fas-1 antibody. Cytokine production by lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) derived from CD patients in response to β-(1,3)-glucan was also analyzed. Results Mγ-Mϕs produced a large amount of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 in response to β-(1,3)-glucan. Dectin-1 expression was significantly higher in Mγ-Mϕs than in M-Mϕs. The increase in TNF-α production by Mγ-Mϕs stimulated with glucan was reversed by blocking Dectin-1, Syr or Fas-1. LPMCs derived from CD patients stimulated with β-(1,3)-glucan produced significantly higher amount of TNF-α than LPMCs derived from UC patients. Conclusions These results suggest that commensal fungal microbiota may contribute to the pathogenesis of CD by inducing macrophages-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoto Mori
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Naganuma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinta Mizuno
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mina T Kitazume
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Shimamura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayako Chiba
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Sugita
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama Municipal Citizen's Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Matsuoka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadakazu Hisamatsu
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ming M, Li C, Luo Z, Lv S, Sun Q. The effect of inhaled inactived Mycobacterium phlei as a treatment for asthma. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:777-783. [PMID: 28035388 PMCID: PMC5364862 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.6087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic airway disorder characterized by airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). A murine model of asthma was used to examine the antiasthmatic effect of inhaled inactived Mycobacterium phlei (M. phlei). AHR, neutrophil levels, eosinophil levels and levels of interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) were monitored. The results demonstrated that inactivated M. phlei alleviates the IL-17+γδT cell-mediated immune response and attenuates airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in the asthmatic murine lung, partially through inhibiting the expression of IL-23R. In conclusion, inactivated M. phlei may be an effective antiasthmatic treatment, regulating IL-17-producing γδT (IL-17+γδT) cell-mediated airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness to relieve the symptoms of mice with asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moyu Ming
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Chaoqian Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhixi Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Shengqiu Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Qixiang Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
de Repentigny L, Goupil M, Jolicoeur P. Oropharyngeal Candidiasis in HIV Infection: Analysis of Impaired Mucosal Immune Response to Candida albicans in Mice Expressing the HIV-1 Transgene. Pathogens 2015; 4:406-21. [PMID: 26110288 PMCID: PMC4493482 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens4020406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-17-producing Th17 cells are of critical importance in host defense against oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC). Speculation about defective Th17 responses to oral C. albicans infection in the context of HIV infection prompted an investigation of innate and adaptive immune responses to Candida albicans in transgenic mice expressing the genome of HIV-1 in immune cells and displaying an AIDS-like disease. Defective IL-17 and IL-22-dependent mucosal responses to C. albicans were found to determine susceptibility to OPC in these transgenic mice. Innate phagocytes were quantitatively and functionally intact, and individually dispensable for control of OPC and to prevent systemic dissemination of Candida to deep organs. CD8+ T-cells recruited to the oral mucosa of the transgenic mice limited the proliferation of C. albicans in these conditions of CD4+ T-cell deficiency. Therefore, the immunopathogenesis of OPC in the context of HIV infection involves defective T-cell-mediated immunity, failure of crosstalk with innate mucosal immune effector mechanisms, and compensatory cell responses, which limit Candida infection to the oral mucosa and prevent systemic dissemination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louis de Repentigny
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Mathieu Goupil
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Paul Jolicoeur
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, 110, avenue des Pins Ouest, Montreal, PQ H2W 1R7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Goupil M, Cousineau-Côté V, Aumont F, Sénéchal S, Gaboury L, Hanna Z, Jolicoeur P, de Repentigny L. Defective IL-17- and IL-22-dependent mucosal host response to Candida albicans determines susceptibility to oral candidiasis in mice expressing the HIV-1 transgene. BMC Immunol 2014; 15:49. [PMID: 25344377 PMCID: PMC4213580 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-014-0049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tissue-signaling cytokines IL-17 and IL-22 are critical to host defense against oral Candida albicans infection, by their induction of oral antimicrobial peptide expression and recruitment of neutrophils. Mucosal Th17 cells which produce these cytokines are preferentially depleted in HIV-infected patients. Here, we tested the hypothesis that defective IL-17- and IL-22-dependent host responses to C. albicans determine the phenotype of susceptibility to oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in transgenic (Tg) mice expressing HIV-1. RESULTS Naïve CD4+ T-cells and the differentiated Th1, Th2, Th17, Th1Th17 and Treg lineages were all profoundly depleted in cervical lymph nodes (CLNs) of these Tg mice. However, naive CD4+ cells from Tg mice maintained the capacity to differentiate into these lineages in response to polarizing cytokines in vitro. Expression of Il17, Il22, S100a8 and Ccl20 was enhanced in oral mucosal tissue of non-Tg, but not of Tg mice, after oral infection with C. albicans. Treatment of infected Tg mice with the combination of IL-17 and IL-22, but not IL-17 or Il-22 alone, significantly reduced oral burdens of C. albicans and abundance of Candida hyphae in the epithelium of tongues of infected Tg mice, and restored the ability of the Tg mice to up-regulate expression of S100a8 and Ccl20 in response to C. albicans infection. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that defective IL-17- and IL-22-dependent induction of innate mucosal immunity to C. albicans is central to the phenotype of susceptibility to OPC in these HIV transgenic mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Goupil
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Vincent Cousineau-Côté
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Francine Aumont
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Serge Sénéchal
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Louis Gaboury
- Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Histology and Molecular Pathology research unit, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Zaher Hanna
- Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Paul Jolicoeur
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Louis de Repentigny
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huppler AR, Conti HR, Hernández-Santos N, Darville T, Biswas PS, Gaffen SL. Role of neutrophils in IL-17-dependent immunity to mucosal candidiasis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 192:1745-52. [PMID: 24442441 PMCID: PMC3946223 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), caused by the commensal fungus Candida albicans, is an opportunistic infection associated with infancy, AIDS, and IL-17-related primary immunodeficiencies. The Th17-associated cytokines IL-23 and IL-17 are crucial for immunity to OPC, but the mechanisms by which they mediate immunity are poorly defined. IL-17RA-deficient humans and mice are strongly susceptible to OPC, with reduced levels of CXC chemokines and concomitantly impaired neutrophil recruitment to the oral mucosa. Paradoxically, humans with isolated neutropenia are typically not susceptible to candidiasis. To determine whether immunity to OPC is mediated via neutrophil recruitment, mice lacking CXCR2 were subjected to OPC and were found to be highly susceptible, although there was no dissemination of fungi to peripheral organs. To assess whether the entire neutrophil response is IL-17 dependent, IL-17RA(-/-) and IL-23(-/-) mice were administered neutrophil-depleting Abs and subjected to OPC. These mice displayed increased oral fungal burdens compared with IL-17RA(-/-) or IL-23(-/-) mice alone, indicating that additional IL-17-independent signals contribute to the neutrophil response. WT mice treated with anti-Gr-1 Abs exhibited a robust infiltrate of CD11b(+)Ly-6G(low)F4/80(-) cells to the oral mucosa but were nonetheless highly susceptible to OPC, indicating that this monocytic influx is insufficient for host defense. Surprisingly, Ly-6G Ab treatment did not induce the same strong susceptibility to OPC in WT mice. Thus, CXCR2(+) and Gr-1(+) neutrophils play a vital role in host defense against OPC. Moreover, defects in the IL-23/17 axis cause a potent but incomplete deficiency in the neutrophil response to oral candidiasis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism
- Antigens, Ly/metabolism
- CD11b Antigen/metabolism
- Candida albicans/immunology
- Candidiasis, Oral/immunology
- Candidiasis, Oral/microbiology
- Interleukin-17/genetics
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Interleukin-23 Subunit p19/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mouth Mucosa/immunology
- Mouth Mucosa/microbiology
- Neutrophil Infiltration
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Receptors, Chemokine/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-17/deficiency
- Receptors, Interleukin-17/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/deficiency
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/genetics
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna R. Huppler
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Department of Pediatrics, 4401 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15224
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Pittsburgh PA, 15261
| | - Heather R. Conti
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Pittsburgh PA, 15261
| | - Nydiaris Hernández-Santos
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Pittsburgh PA, 15261
| | - Toni Darville
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Department of Pediatrics, 4401 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15224
| | - Partha S. Biswas
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Pittsburgh PA, 15261
| | - Sarah L. Gaffen
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Pittsburgh PA, 15261
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Role of bacterial lipopolysaccharide in enhancing host immune response to Candida albicans. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:320168. [PMID: 23401696 PMCID: PMC3563236 DOI: 10.1155/2013/320168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Human infections involving yeast of the genus Candida often occur in the presence of bacteria, and, as such, it is important to understand how these bacteria influence innate host immunity towards Candida. Dectin-1 is a cell receptor of macrophages for Candida albicans recognition. The aim of this study was to examine dectin-1 expression by monocytes after stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), followed by heat-killed C. albicans (HKC). Freshly isolated human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) and human monocytes cell line (THP-1) cells expressed low levels of dectin-1. Stimulation with LPS and GM-CSF/IL-4 was found to increase dectin-1 expression in both CD14+ human PBMC and THP-1 cells. Enhanced dectin-1 expression resulted in increased phagocytosis of Candida. When THP-1 cells were challenged only with HKC, detectable levels of IL-23 were not evident. However, challenge by LPS followed by varying concentrations of HKC resulted in increased IL-23 expression by THP-1 cells in HKC dose-dependent manner. Increased expression of IL-17 by PBMC also occurred after stimulation with Candida and LPS. In conclusion, bacterial LPS induces an enhanced immune response to Candida by immune cells, and this occurs through increasing dectin-1 expression.
Collapse
|
12
|
Gladiator A, Wangler N, Trautwein-Weidner K, LeibundGut-Landmann S. Cutting Edge: IL-17–Secreting Innate Lymphoid Cells Are Essential for Host Defense against Fungal Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 190:521-5. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
13
|
Abstract
Oropharyngeal candidiasis is a frequent cause of morbidity in patients with defects in cell-mediated immunity or saliva production. Animal models of this infection are important for studying disease pathogenesis and evaluating vaccines and antifungal therapies. Here we describe a simple mouse model of oropharyngeal candidiasis. Mice are rendered susceptible to oral infection by injection with cortisone acetate and then inoculated by placing a swab saturated with Candida albicans sublingually. This process results in a reproducible level of infection, the histopathology of which mimics that of pseudomembranous oropharyngeal candidiasis in humans. By using this model, data are obtained after 5-9 d of work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norma V Solis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Matias MA, Saunus JM, Ivanovski S, Walsh LJ, Farah CS. Accelerated wound healing phenotype in Interleukin 12/23 deficient mice. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2011; 8:39. [PMID: 22185520 PMCID: PMC3296624 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-8-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background The concept that a strong inflammatory response involving the full complement of cytokines and other mediators is critical for unimpaired healing has been challenged by wound healing studies using transgenic and knockout (KO) mice. The present study explored the effect of abrogation of the p40 subunit, which is shared by the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23, on wound closure of excisional oral mucosal wounds. Methods Double IL-12 and IL-23 KO mice and C57BL ⁄ 6J wildtype mice were wounded on the dorsal surface of the tongue using a 2 mm biopsy punch. The degree of epithelialization was examined histologically. At specific timepoints wounds were examined for cellular and molecular markers for inflammation and angiogenesis using 1) immunohistochemistry; 2) analysis of RNA expression; and 3) flow cytometric analysis. Results Compared to wild type controls, KO mice displayed enhanced healing, which was driven by a greater influx of neutrophils and macrophages during the early stages of wound healing, and increased induction of messenger RNA (mRNA) for endothelial derived neutrophil attractant (ENA78) chemokine and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 alpha (MIP-2α). Increased mRNA for monocyte-attracting chemokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and MCP-3 was seen from day 1, together with higher levels of IL-1β and IL-6 within 24 hours after wounding. In addition, mRNA for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A was upregulated in KO mice within 2 hours after injury, and higher expression of this mediator was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Conclusion Overall, the accelerated oral mucosal wound healing seen in IL-12/IL-23p40 KO compared to wildtype mice was associated with the early establishment of an inflammatory response and vascularization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie At Matias
- University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
A novel role for the NLRC4 inflammasome in mucosal defenses against the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002379. [PMID: 22174673 PMCID: PMC3234225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida sp. are opportunistic fungal pathogens that colonize the skin and oral cavity and, when overgrown under permissive conditions, cause inflammation and disease. Previously, we identified a central role for the NLRP3 inflammasome in regulating IL-1β production and resistance to dissemination from oral infection with Candida albicans. Here we show that mucosal expression of NLRP3 and NLRC4 is induced by Candida infection, and up-regulation of these molecules is impaired in NLRP3 and NLRC4 deficient mice. Additionally, we reveal a role for the NLRC4 inflammasome in anti-fungal defenses. NLRC4 is important for control of mucosal Candida infection and impacts inflammatory cell recruitment to infected tissues, as well as protects against systemic dissemination of infection. Deficiency in either NLRC4 or NLRP3 results in severely attenuated pro-inflammatory and antimicrobial peptide responses in the oral cavity. Using bone marrow chimeric mouse models, we show that, in contrast to NLRP3 which limits the severity of infection when present in either the hematopoietic or stromal compartments, NLRC4 plays an important role in limiting mucosal candidiasis when functioning at the level of the mucosal stroma. Collectively, these studies reveal the tissue specific roles of the NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasome in innate immune responses against mucosal Candida infection. In this manuscript we describe a new role for a group of molecules termed the “inflammasome” that process key immune response proteins including interleukin-1-β. In previous work, we and others have shown that the NLRP3 inflammasome is important in protecting from severe fungal infections. We now show that, in addition to the NLRP3 inflammasome, a different inflammasome containing NLRC4 is also important in protecting against infection with Candida albicans, and appears to be functioning in the mucosal lining of the mouth and intestines, rather than in immune cells. Our research explains a new mechanism of mucosal immunity to fungal infections and has broad implications for developing new treatments against fungal infections, which are a serious cause of illness and death, particularly in immunocompromised persons. Additionally, this research may also lead to new ways to identify those individuals who are at the highest risk for serious fungal infections.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kumamoto CA. Inflammation and gastrointestinal Candida colonization. Curr Opin Microbiol 2011; 14:386-91. [PMID: 21802979 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2011.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Candida organisms commonly colonize the human gastrointestinal tract as a component of the resident microbiota. Their presence is generally benign. Recent studies, however, show that high level Candida colonization is associated with several diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Further, results from animal models argue that Candida colonization delays healing of inflammatory lesions and that inflammation promotes colonization. These effects may create a vicious cycle in which low-level inflammation promotes fungal colonization and fungal colonization promotes further inflammation. Both inflammatory bowel disease and gastrointestinal Candida colonization are associated with elevated levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17. Therefore, effects on IL-17 levels may underlie the ability of Candida colonization to enhance inflammation. Because Candida is a frequent colonizer, these effects have the potential to impact many people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol A Kumamoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| |
Collapse
|