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Darnal S, Raj R, Chhimwal J, Thakur S, Padwad YS, Singh D. Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of leukemic cells by a robust and stable L-asparaginase from Pseudomonas sp. PCH199. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128739. [PMID: 38096943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecules obtained from microorganisms living in extreme environments possess properties that have pharmacokinetic advantages. Enzyme assay revealed recombinant L-ASNase, an extremozyme from Pseudomonas sp. PCH199 is to be highly stable with 90 % activity (200 h) at 37 °C. The stability of the enzyme in human serum (50 % activity maintained in 63 h) reveals high therapeutic potential with less dosage. The enzyme exhibited cytotoxicity to K562 blood cancer cell lines with IC50 of 0.37 U/mL without affecting the IEC-6 normal epithelial cell line. Due to the depletion of L-asparagine, K562 cells experience nutritional stress that results in the abruption of metabolic processes and eventually leads to apoptosis. Comparative studies on MCF-7 cells also revealed the same fate. Due to nutritional stress induced by L-ASNase treatment, mitochondrial membrane potential was lost, and reactive oxygen species were increased to 48 % (K562) and 21 % (MCF-7) as indicated by flow cytometric analysis. DAPI staining with prominent nuclear morphological changes visualized under the fluorescent microscope confirmed apoptosis in both cancer cells. Treatment increases pro-apoptotic Bax protein, and eventually, the cell cycle is arrested at the G2/M phase in both cell lines. Therefore, the current study paves the way for PCH199 L-ASNase to be considered a potential chemotherapeutic agent for treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyukta Darnal
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Ravi Raj
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Jyoti Chhimwal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India; Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India
| | - Shubham Thakur
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India
| | - Yogendra S Padwad
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India; Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India.
| | - Dharam Singh
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India.
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Monajati M, Tamaddon AM, Abolmaali SS, Yousefi G, Borandeh S, Dinarvand R. Enhanced L-asparaginase stability through immobilization in supramolecular nanogels of PEG-grafted poly HPMA with bis(α-cyclodextrin). Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Monajati M, Tamaddon A, Yousefi G, Abolmaali SS, Dinarvand R. Applications of RAFT polymerization for chemical and enzymatic stabilization of l-asparaginase conjugates with well-defined poly(HPMA). NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01211g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
HPMA RAFT polymerization and activation with variable linker chemistry for stabilization of l-asparaginase against pH, temperature, freeze–thaw and proteolytic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Monajati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - AliMohammad Tamaddon
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Shiraz 71345
- Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy
| | - Gholamhossein Yousefi
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Shiraz 71345
- Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy
| | - Samira Sadat Abolmaali
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Shiraz 71345
- Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences
- Tehran
- Iran
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Gervais D, Downer A, King D, Kanda P, Foote N, Smith S. Robust quantitation of basic-protein higher-order aggregates using size-exclusion chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 139:215-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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5
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Gervais D, Hayzen J, Orphanou C, McEntee A, Hallam C, Brehm R. Understanding the process-induced formation of minor conformational variants of Erwinia chrysanthemi l-asparaginase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 98:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Lopes AM, Oliveira-Nascimento LD, Ribeiro A, Tairum CA, Breyer CA, Oliveira MAD, Monteiro G, Souza-Motta CMD, Magalhães PDO, Avendaño JGF, Cavaco-Paulo AM, Mazzola PG, Rangel-Yagui CDO, Sette LD, Converti A, Pessoa A. Therapeuticl-asparaginase: upstream, downstream and beyond. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 37:82-99. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2015.1120705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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7
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Feasibility study for intraepidermal delivery of proteins using a solid microneedle array. Int J Pharm 2015; 486:52-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Identification of Functional Regions in the Rhodospirillum rubrum l-Asparaginase by Site-Directed Mutagenesis. Mol Biotechnol 2014; 57:251-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-014-9819-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Recombinant Deamidated Mutants of Erwinia chrysanthemi l-Asparaginase Have Similar or Increased Activity Compared to Wild-Type Enzyme. Mol Biotechnol 2014; 56:865-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-014-9766-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gervais D, O’Donnell J, Sung MA, Smith S. Control of process-induced asparaginyl deamidation during manufacture of Erwinia chrysanthemi l-asparaginase. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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11
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Teo KY, Dutton JC, Han B. Spatiotemporal measurement of freezing-induced deformation of engineered tissues. J Biomech Eng 2010; 132:031003. [PMID: 20459191 DOI: 10.1115/1.4000875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In order to cryopreserve functional engineered tissues (ETs), the microstructure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) should be maintained, as well as the cellular viability since the functionality is closely related to the ECM microstructure. Since the post-thaw ECM microstructure is determined by the deformation of ETs during cryopreservation, freezing-induced deformation of ETs was measured with a newly developed quantum dot (QD)-mediated cell image deformetry system using dermal equivalents as a model tissue. The dermal equivalents were constructed by seeding QD-labeled fibroblasts in type I collagen matrices. After 24 h incubation, the ETs were directionally frozen by exposing them to a spatial temperature gradient (from 4 degrees C to -20 degrees C over a distance of 6 mm). While being frozen, the ETs were consecutively imaged, and consecutive pairs of these images were two-dimensionally cross-correlated to determine the local deformation during freezing. The results showed that freezing induced the deformation of ET, and its magnitude varied with both time and location. The maximum local dilatation was 0.006 s(-1) and was always observed at the phase change interface. Due to this local expansion, the unfrozen region in front of the freezing interface experienced compression. This expansion-compression pattern was observed throughout the freezing process. In the unfrozen region, the deformation rate gradually decreased away from the freezing interface. After freezing/thawing, the ET experienced an approximately 28% decrease in thickness and 8% loss in weight. These results indicate that freezing-induced deformation caused the transport of interstitial fluid, and the interstitial fluid was extruded. In summary, the results suggest that complex cell-fluid-matrix interactions occur within ETs during freezing, and these interactions determine the post-thaw ECM microstructure and eventual post-thaw tissue functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Yaw Teo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
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Teo KY, Han B. Freezing-Assisted Intracellular Drug Delivery to Multidrug Resistant Cancer Cells. J Biomech Eng 2009; 131:074513. [DOI: 10.1115/1.3153325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of chemotherapy is significantly impaired by the multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells. The mechanism of MDR is associated with the overexpression of certain adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette protein transporters in plasma membranes, which actively pump out cytotoxic drugs from the intracellular space. In this study, we tested a hypothesis that freezing and thawing (F/T) may enhance intracellular drug delivery to MDR cancer cells via F/T-induced denaturation of MDR-associated proteins and/or membrane permeabilization. After a human MDR cancer cell line (NCI/ADR-RES) was exposed to several F/T conditions, its cellular drug uptake was quantified by a fluorescent calcein assay using calcein as a model drug. After F/T to −20°C, the intracellular uptake of calcein increased by 70.1% (n=5, P=0.0004). It further increased to 118% as NCI/ADR-RES cells were frozen/thawed to −40°C (n=3, P=0.009). These results support the hypothesis, and possible mechanisms of F/T-enhanced intracellular drug delivery were proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Yaw Teo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019
| | - Bumsoo Han
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019
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Narta UK, Kanwar SS, Azmi W. Pharmacological and clinical evaluation of L-asparaginase in the treatment of leukemia. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2006; 61:208-21. [PMID: 17011787 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2006.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2006] [Revised: 06/10/2006] [Accepted: 07/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
L-Asparaginase is an effective antineoplastic agent, used in the acute lymphoblastic leukemia chemotherapy. It has been an integral part of combination chemotherapy protocols of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia for almost 3 decades. The potential of L-asparaginase as a drug of leukemia has been a matter of discussion due to the high rate of allergic reactions exhibited by the patients receiving the medication of this enzyme drug. Frequent need of intramuscular injection has been another disadvantage associated with the native preparation. However, of late these clinical complications seem to have been addressed by modified versions of L-asparaginase. PEG-L-asparaginase proves to be most effective in this regard. It becomes important to discuss the efficacy of L-asparaginase as an antileukemic drug vis-a-vis these disadvantages. In this review, an attempt has been made to critically evaluate the pharmacological and clinical potential of various preparations of L-asparaginase as a drug. Advantages of PEG-L-asparaginase over native preparations and historical developments of therapy with l-asparaginase have also been outlined in the review below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh K Narta
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, India
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Wolf M, Wirth M, Pittner F, Gabor F. Stabilisation and determination of the biological activity of L-asparaginase in poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanospheres. Int J Pharm 2003; 256:141-52. [PMID: 12695020 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(03)00071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The preservation of biological activity of protein drugs in formulations is still a major challenge for successful drug delivery. The enzyme L-asparaginase, which exhibits a short in vivo half-life and is only active against leukaemia in its tetrameric form, was encapsulated in poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanospheres by the (w/o)/w-emulsion solvent evaporation technique in presence of various potential stabilisers. Elucidation of the preparation steps revealed that the enzyme is denaturated at the aqueous/organic interface and by sonication. The preparation of L-asparaginase nanospheres with trehalose, PEG 400, and glycerol as components of the inner aqueous phase yielded colloidal formulations with increased biological activity as determined by an improved protocol for quantification of the active enzyme encapsulated. After lyophilisation the enzyme activity and particle size distribution were retained only by use of Pluronic F68 as a lyoprotectant. Despite the unaltered particle size and improved biological activity, the release profile of the enzyme was strongly altered by coencapsulation of the stabilisers resulting in increased first bursts. In consequence, the biological activity of L-asparaginase during preparation and storage can be improved by combining appropriate additives but concurrently the release profile is influenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wolf
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Pharma Center Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
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Kendrick BS, Li T, Chang BS. Physical stabilization of proteins in aqueous solution. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2002; 13:61-84. [PMID: 11987754 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0557-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Bischof JC, Wolkers WF, Tsvetkova NM, Oliver AE, Crowe JH. Lipid and protein changes due to freezing in Dunning AT-1 cells. Cryobiology 2002; 45:22-32. [PMID: 12445547 DOI: 10.1016/s0011-2240(02)00103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Defining the process of cellular injury during freezing, at the molecular level, is important for cryosurgical applications. This work shows changes to both membrane lipids and protein structures within AT-1 Dunning prostate tumor cells after a freezing stress which induced extreme injury and cell death. Cells were frozen in an uncontrolled fashion to -20 or -80 degrees C. Freezing resulted in an increase in the gel to liquid crystalline phase transition temperature (T(m)) of the cellular membranes and an increase in the temperature range over which the transition occurred, as determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis of total lipid extracts showed free fatty acids (FFA) in the frozen samples, indicating a change in the lipid composition. The final freezing temperature had no effect on the thermotropic response of the membranes or on the FFA content of the lipid fraction. The overall protein secondary structure as determined by FTIR showed only slight changes after freezing to -20 degrees C, in contrast to a strong and apparently irreversible denaturation after freezing to -80 degrees C. Taken together, these results suggest that the decrease in viability between control and frozen cells can be correlated with small changes in the membrane lipid composition and membrane fluidity. In addition, loss of cell viability is associated with massive protein denaturation as observed in cells frozen to -80 degrees C, which was not observed in samples frozen to -20 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Bischof
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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