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Ahn JB, Kim DH, Lee SE, Pyo YC, Park JS. Improvement of the dissolution rate and bioavailability of fenofibrate by the supercritical anti-solvent process. Int J Pharm 2019; 564:263-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Use of Lipid Nanocarriers to Improve Oral Delivery of Vitamins. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010068. [PMID: 30609658 PMCID: PMC6357185 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical environment and enzymes in the gastrointestinal (GI) membrane limit the oral absorption of some vitamins. The GI epithelium also contributes to the poor permeability of numerous antioxidant agents. Thus, lipophilic vitamins do not readily dissolve in the GI tract, and therefore they have low bioavailability. Nanomedicine has the potential to improve the delivery efficiency of oral vitamins. In particular, the use of lipid nanocarriers for certain vitamins that are administered orally can provide improved solubility, chemical stability, epithelium permeability and bioavailability, half-life, nidus targeting, and fewer adverse effects. These lipid nanocarriers include self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDSs), nanoemulsions, microemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). The use of nontoxic excipients and sophisticated material engineering of lipid nanosystems allows for control of the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles and improved GI permeation via mucosal or lymphatic transport. In this review, we highlight recent progress in the development of lipid nanocarriers for vitamin delivery. In addition, the same lipid nanocarriers used for vitamins may also be effective as carriers of vitamin derivatives, and therefore enhance their oral bioavailability. One example is the incorporation of d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) as the emulsifier in lipid nanocarriers to increase the solubility and inhibit P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux. We also survey the concepts and discuss the mechanisms of nanomedical techniques that are used to develop vitamin-loaded nanocarriers.
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Kevadiya BD, Barvaliya M, Zhang L, Anovadiya A, Brahmbhatt H, Paul P, Tripathi C. Fenofibrate Nanocrystals Embedded in Oral Strip-Films for Bioavailability Enhancement. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:bioengineering5010016. [PMID: 29438297 PMCID: PMC5874882 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to make a fenofibrate (FNB) nanocrystal (NC) by wet media milling, characterizations and formulates into oral strip-films (OSFs). Mechanical properties, redispersion study, and solid-state characterizations results suggested that reduction of drug crystal size at nanoscale and incorporation into OSFs does not affect the solid-state properties of the drug. In vitro dissolution kinetics showed enhanced dissolution rate was easily manipulated by changing the thickness of the OSF. In situ UV-imaging was used to monitor drug dissolution qualitatively and quantitatively in real time. Results confirm that the intrinsic dissolution rates and surface drug concentration measured with this device were in agreement with the USP-IV dissolution profiles. In vivo pharmacokinetics in rabbits showed a significant difference in the pharmacokinetics parameter (1.4 fold increase bioavailability) of FNB NC-loaded OSFs as compared to the marketed formulation “Tricor” and as-received (pristine) drug. This approach of drug nanocrystallization and incorporation into OSFs may have significant applications in cost-effective tools for bioavailability enhancement of FNB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh D Kevadiya
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Manish Barvaliya
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India.
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Ashish Anovadiya
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India.
| | - Harshad Brahmbhatt
- Analytical Discipline and Centralized Instrument Facility, The Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India.
| | - Parimal Paul
- Analytical Discipline and Centralized Instrument Facility, The Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India.
| | - Chandrabhanu Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India.
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Ibrahim AH, Ibrahim HM, Ismael HR, Samy AM. Optimization and evaluation of lyophilized fenofibrate nanoparticles with enhanced oral bioavailability and efficacy. Pharm Dev Technol 2017; 23:358-369. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2017.1295065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hany M. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hatem R. Ismael
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Samy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Gurram AK, Deshpande PB, Kar SS, Nayak UY, Udupa N, Reddy MS. Role of Components in the Formation of Self-microemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems. Indian J Pharm Sci 2015; 77:249-57. [PMID: 26180269 PMCID: PMC4502138 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.159596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical research is focused in designing novel drug delivery systems to improve the bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs. Self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems, one among the lipid-based dosage forms were proven to be promising in improving the oral bioavailability of such drugs by enhancing solubility, permeability and avoiding first-pass metabolism via enhanced lymphatic transport. Further, they have been successful in avoiding both inter and intra individual variations as well as the dose disproportionality. Aqueous insoluble drugs, in general, show greater solubility in lipid based excipients, and hence they are formulated as lipid based drug delivery systems. The extent of solubility of a hydrophobic drug in lipid excipients i.e. oil, surfactant and co-surfactant (components of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems) greatly affects the drug loading and in producing stable self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems. The present review highlighted the influence of physicochemical factors and structural features of the hydrophobic drug on its solubility in lipid excipients and an attempt was made to explore the role of each component of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems in the formation of stable microemulsion upon dilution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Gurram
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal-576 104, India
| | - P B Deshpande
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal-576 104, India
| | - S S Kar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal-576 104, India
| | - Usha Y Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal-576 104, India
| | - N Udupa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal-576 104, India
| | - M S Reddy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal-576 104, India
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Zhang J, Lv Y, Zhao S, Wang B, Tan M, Xie H, Lv G, Ma X. Effect of lipolysis on drug release from self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) with different core/shell drug location. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014; 15:731-40. [PMID: 24554238 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0096-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of lipolysis on the release of poorly water-soluble drug from SMEDDS in the perspective of drug core/shell location. For this purpose, four SMEDDS formulations with various core/shell properties were developed based on long-chain lipid or medium-chain lipid as well as different surfactant/oil ratios. Poorly water-soluble drugs, hymecromone and resveratrol, were significantly solubilized in all SMEDDS formulations and the diluted microemulsions. Fluorescence spectra analysis indicated that hymecromone was mainly located in the shell of microemulsions, while resveratrol was located in the core. The effect of lipolysis on the release rates of drugs with different core/shell locations were investigated by a modified in vitro drug release model. For the drug located in the shell, hymecromone, the release profiles were not affected during the lipolysis process and no significant differences were observed among four formulations. For the drug located in the core, resveratrol, the release rates were increased to various degrees depending on the extent of digestion. In conclusion, the drug core/shell location plays an important role for determining the effect of lipolysis on drug release from SMEDDS formulation.
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Improved oral delivery of clonazepam through liquisolid powder compact formulations: In-vitro and ex-vivo characterization. POWDER TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2014.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lee DW, Marasini N, Poudel BK, Kim JH, Cho HJ, Moon BK, Choi HG, Yong CS, Kim JO. Application of Box–Behnken design in the preparation and optimization of fenofibrate-loaded self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS). J Microencapsul 2013; 31:31-40. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2013.805837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Fei Y, Kostewicz ES, Sheu MT, Dressman JB. Analysis of the enhanced oral bioavailability of fenofibrate lipid formulations in fasted humans using an in vitro-in silico-in vivo approach. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 85:1274-84. [PMID: 23500116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-based formulations have established a significant role in the formulation of poorly soluble drugs for oral administration. In order to better understand their potential advantages over solid oral dosage forms, we studied the solubility and dissolution/precipitation characteristics of three self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) formulations and one suspension of micronized fenofibrate in lipid excipients, for which pharmacokinetic studies had already been reported in the open literature. The in vitro dispersion/dissolution studies were carried out in biorelevant media using USP II apparatus. These were followed up by in silico simulations using STELLA® software, in which not only dispersion/dissolution, but also the precipitation and re-dissolution of fenofibrate was taken into account. While unformulated drug exhibited poor solubility (0.22 μg/mL in FaSSGF and 4.31 μg/mL in FaSSIF-V2(PO4)) and dissolved less than 2% in dissolution tests, the solubility of fenofibrate in the presence of the lipid excipients increased dramatically (e.g., to 65.44 μg/mL in the presence of the Myritol 318/TPGS/Tween 80 SMEDDS) and there was an attendant increase in the dissolution (over 80% from capsules containing the Myritol 318/TPGS/Tween 80 SMEDDS and about 20% from the dispersion of fenofibrate in lipid excipients). For the four lipid-based fenofibrate formulations studied, combining in vitro data in biorelevant media with in silico simulation resulted in accurate prediction of the in vivo human plasma profiles. The point estimates of C(max) and AUC ratio calculated from the in silico and in vivo plasma profiles fell within the 0.8-1.25 range for the SMEDDS solution and capsule formulations, suggesting an accurate simulation of the in vivo profiles. This similarity was confirmed by calculation of the respective f2 factors. Sensitivity analysis of the simulation profiles revealed that the SMEDDS formulations had virtually removed any dependency of absorption on the dissolution rate in the small intestine, whereas for the dispersion in lipid excipients, this barrier remained. Such results pave the way to optimizing the performance of oral lipid-based formulations via an in vitro-in silico-in vivo approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fei
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Guo Y, Luo J, Tan S, Otieno BO, Zhang Z. The applications of Vitamin E TPGS in drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:175-86. [PMID: 23485439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
D-α-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (simply TPGS or Vitamin E TPGS) is formed by the esterification of Vitamin E succinate with polyethylene glycol 1000. As novel nonionic surfactant, it exhibits amphipathic properties and can form stable micelles in aqueous vehicles at concentration as low as 0.02 wt%. It has been widely investigated for its emulsifying, dispersing, gelling, and solubilizing effects on poorly water-soluble drugs. It can also act as a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor and has been served as an excipient for overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR) and for increasing the oral bioavailability of many anticancer drugs. Since TPGS has been approved by FDA as a safe pharmaceutic adjuvant, many TPGS-based drug delivery systems (DDS) have been developed. In this review, we discuss TPGS properties as a P-gp inhibitor, solubilizer/absorption and permeation enhancer in drug delivery and TPGS-related formulations such as nanocrystals, nanosuspensions, tablets/solid dispersions, adjuvant in vaccine systems, nutrition supplement, plasticizer of film, anticancer reagent and so on. This review will greatly impact and bring out new insights in the use of TPGS in DDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Guo
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
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Bandyopadhyay S, Katare O, Singh B. Optimized self nano-emulsifying systems of ezetimibe with enhanced bioavailability potential using long chain and medium chain triglycerides. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 100:50-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Formulation and delivery of improved amorphous fenofibrate solid dispersions prepared by thin film freezing. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 82:534-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Newman A, Knipp G, Zografi G. Assessing the performance of amorphous solid dispersions. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:1355-77. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Vithlani S, Sarraf S, Chaw CS. Formulation and in vitro evaluation of self-emulsifying formulations of Cinnarizine. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 38:1188-94. [PMID: 22196372 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.643895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The main objectives of this study were to improve the aqueous solubility and to modify in vitro dissolution profile of hydrophobic drug using self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS). SEDDS were formulated using Capmul PG-12, Cremophor RH 40 and Tween 20 at different weight ratios and incorporated with Cinnarizine. The drug incorporation into pre-concentrate and drug solubility in phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) were investigated. In addition, the mean droplet size and drug release profile of the SEDDS were also determined. The drug incorporation was over 120 mg per 0.5 g pre-concentrate regardless of the composition of the formulations. The solubility of Cinnarizine in phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) was at least 1500 μM in the SEDDS. Formulations with only 10% w/w Capmul PG-12 were less than 20 nm in mean diameter while those produced with at least 20% w/w Capmul PG-12 were more than 100 nm regardless of the ratios of Cremophor RH 40 to Tween 20. SEDDS showed a significant increase of the mean percentage drug release than pure drug (p < 0.0001). In general, the SEDDS with 30% w/w of Capmul PG-12 provided the greatest enhancement in drug solubility in phosphate buffer as well as rapid drug release despite forming larger droplets upon emulsification. The combination of Capmul PG-12, Tween 20 and Cremophor RH 40 can produce SEDDS which can be used as an alternative dosage form for poorly water soluble drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Vithlani
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Well Being, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
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Lin YM, Wu JY, Chen YC, Su YD, Ke WT, Ho HO, Sheu MT. In situ formation of nanocrystals from a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system to enhance oral bioavailability of fenofibrate. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:2445-57. [PMID: 22072880 PMCID: PMC3205139 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s25339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In situ formation of nanocrystals and dissolution profiles of fenofibrate (FFB) from a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) were characterized. METHODS SMEDDS formulated with Myritol and surfactant mixture (Smix) of D-α-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) and either Tween 20 (A, C, E, G, M, S, N, T, O) or Tween 80 (B, D, F, H, P, U, Q, V, R) at various oil/Smix ratios (Group I: A and B of 0.42, C and D of 0.25, E and F of 0.11; Group II: G and H of 1.38, M and P of 1.11, S and U of 0.9, N and Q of 0.73, T and V of 0.58, and O and R of 0.46) and water contents (1: 9.5%, 2: 5.0%, 3: 0.0%, G-V: 4.5%). Their dissolutions were conducted at different rotation speeds. Two optimal SMEDDSs containing Tween 80(B2) or a higher oil/Smix ratio(Q) and B2(solution) were selected for pharmacokinetic study. RESULTS FFB particles formed within the nanosize range from Group I gradually increased with time but decreased with increasing stirring rates. However, the mean size of FFB formed by B series was as low as 200 nm, which was smaller than that of A series at three stirring rates. The release rate from both groups obviously increased with increasing stirring rate. However, incomplete release was observed for S and N in Tween 20 series, whereas a faster release rate and complete release were observed for Tween 80 series with an insignificant difference among them. Results of pharmacokinetic study demonstrated that the highest-ranked area under the curve and Cmax values were for Q(SMEDDS) and B2(solution), respectively. The relative bioavailability of Q(SMEDDS) with respect to Tricor was enhanced by about 1.14-1.22-fold. CONCLUSION SMEDDS, consisting of Myritol 318 and TPGS combined with Tween 80 at 4:1, was able to enhance the oral bioavailability of FFB.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Meei Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Zhuang X, Tian X, Zheng Y, Lan N, Liu L, Zhang R, Liu Y. Formulation and Physicochemical Characterisation of a Novel Self-Microemulsifying Delivery System as Hydrotropic and Solubilising Agent for Penfluridol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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