1
|
Qin L, Xie Q, Bao J, Sant G, Chen T, Zhang P, Niu D, Gao X, Bauchy M. Investigation of Carbonation Kinetics in Carbonated Cementitious Materials by Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:10075-10088. [PMID: 38994545 PMCID: PMC11234376 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c07814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation plays a significant role during the carbon capture process; however, the mechanism is still only partially understood. Understanding the atomic-level carbonation mechanism of cementitious materials can promote the mineralization capture, immobilization, and utilization of carbon dioxide, as well as the improvement of carbonated cementitious materials' performance. Therefore, based on molecular dynamics simulations, this paper investigates the effect of Si/Al concentrations in cementitious materials on carbonation kinetics. We first verify the force field used in this paper. Then, we analyze the network connectivity evolution, the number and size of the carbonate cluster during gelation, the polymerization rate, and the activation energy. Finally, in order to reveal the reasons that caused the evolution of polymerization rate and activation energy, we analyze the local stress and charge of atoms. Results show that the Ca-Oc bond number and carbonate cluster size increase with the decrease of the Si/Al concentration and the increase of temperature, leading to the higher amorphous calcium carbonate gel polymerization degree. The local stress of each atom in the system is the driving force of the gelation transition. The presence of Si and Al components increases the atom's local stress and average charge, thus causing the increase of the energy barrier of CaCO3 polymerization and the activation energy of carbonation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qin
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
- Post-doctoral Mobile Stations of Civil engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
- Qingdao Qingjian New Material Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266108, China
- Physics of AmoRphous and Inorganic Solids Laboratory (PARISlab), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Qijie Xie
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Jiuwen Bao
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Gaurav Sant
- Institute for Carbon Management (ICM), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tiefeng Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Ditao Niu
- Department of Civil Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Green Building in Western China, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xiaojian Gao
- School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Mathieu Bauchy
- Physics of AmoRphous and Inorganic Solids Laboratory (PARISlab), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Institute for Carbon Management (ICM), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qin L, Yang J, Bao J, Sant G, Wang S, Zhang P, Gao X, Wang H, Yu Q, Niu D, Bauchy M. Effects of temperature and CO2 concentration on the early stage nucleation of calcium carbonate by reactive molecular dynamics simulations. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:234501. [PMID: 38884405 DOI: 10.1063/5.0213151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
It is significant to investigate the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation mechanism during the carbon capture process; nevertheless, CaCO3 precipitation is not clearly understood yet. Understanding the carbonation mechanism at the atomic level can contribute to the mineralization capture and utilization of carbon dioxide, as well as the development of new cementitious materials with high-performance. There are many factors, such as temperature and CO2 concentration, that can influence the carbonation reaction. In order to achieve better carbonation efficiency, the reaction conditions of carbonation should be fully verified. Therefore, based on molecular dynamics simulations, this paper investigates the atomic-scale mechanism of carbonation. We investigate the effect of carbonation factors, including temperature and concentration, on the kinetics of carbonation (polymerization rate and activation energy), the early nucleation of calcium carbonate, etc. Then, we analyze the local stresses of atoms to reveal the driving force of early stage carbonate nucleation and the reasons for the evolution of polymerization rate and activation energy. Results show that the higher the calcium concentration or temperature, the higher the polymerization rate of calcium carbonate. In addition, the activation energies of the carbonation reaction increase with the decrease in calcium concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qin
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
- Post-doctoral Mobile Stations of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
- Qingdao Qingjian New Material Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266108, China
- Physics of AmoRphous and Inorganic Solids Laboratory (PARISlab), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Junyi Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Jiuwen Bao
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Gaurav Sant
- Institute for Carbon Management (ICM), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Sheng Wang
- Qingdao Qingjian New Material Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266108, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Xiaojian Gao
- School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Energy Geostructure, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Qingdao Qingjian New Material Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266108, China
| | - Ditao Niu
- Department of Civil Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Green Building in Western China, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Mathieu Bauchy
- Physics of AmoRphous and Inorganic Solids Laboratory (PARISlab), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Institute for Carbon Management (ICM), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li H. Prediction of high-performance concrete compressive strength through novel structured neural network. JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS 2023. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-221342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The difficulties in determining the compressive strength of concrete are inherited due to the various nonlinearities rooted in the mix designs. These difficulties raise dramatically considering the modern mix designs of high-performance concrete. Presents study tries to define a simple approach to link the input ingredients of concrete with the resulted compressive with a high accuracy rate and overcome the existing nonlinearity. For this purpose, the radial base function is defined to carry out the modeling process. The optimal results were obtained by determining the optimal structure of radial base function neural networks. This task was handled well with two precise optimization algorithms, namely Henry’s gas solubility algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm. The results defined both models’ best performance earned in the training section. Considering the root mean square error values, the best value stood at 2.5629 for the radial base neural network optimized by Henry’s gas solubility algorithm, whereas the same value for the the radial base neural network optimized by particle swarm optimization was 2.6583 although both hybrid models provided acceptable output results, the radial base neural network optimized by Henry’s gas solubility algorithm showed higher accuracy in predicting high performance concrete compressive strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Nanchong Vocational and Technical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou H, Liu H, Qian G, Xu P, Yu H, Cai J, Zheng J. Enhanced Thermoelectric Performances of CNTs-Reinforced Cement Composites with Bi 0.5Sb 1.5Te 3 for Pavement Energy Harvesting. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3883. [PMID: 36364660 PMCID: PMC9657229 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Driven by the huge thermal energy in cement concrete pavements, thermoelectric (TE) cement has attracted considerable attention. However, the current TE cement shows poor performance, which greatly limits its application. Herein, a series of Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) co-reinforced cement composites have been prepared, and their TE properties were systematically investigated. It was shown that the addition of Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 particles can effectively improve the TE properties of CNTs-reinforced cement composites by building a better conductive network, increasing energy filtering and interfaces scattering. The Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3/CNTs cement composites with 0.6 vol.% of Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 exhibits the highest ZT value of 1.2 × 10-2, increased by 842 times compared to that of the CNTs-reinforced cement composites without Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3. The power output of this sample with the size of 2.5 × 3.5 × 12 mm3 reaches 0.002 μW at a temperature difference of 19.1 K. These findings shed new light on the development of high-performance TE cement, which can guide continued advances in their potential application of harvesting thermal energy from pavements.
Collapse
|
5
|
Matsimbe J, Dinka M, Olukanni D, Musonda I. Geopolymer: A Systematic Review of Methodologies. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15196852. [PMID: 36234194 PMCID: PMC9571997 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The geopolymer concept has gained wide international attention during the last two decades and is now seen as a potential alternative to ordinary Portland cement; however, before full implementation in the national and international standards, the geopolymer concept requires clarity on the commonly used definitions and mix design methodologies. The lack of a common definition and methodology has led to inconsistency and confusion across disciplines. This review aims to clarify the most existing geopolymer definitions and the diverse procedures on geopolymer methodologies to attain a good understanding of both the unary and binary geopolymer systems. This review puts into perspective the most crucial facets to facilitate the sustainable development and adoption of geopolymer design standards. A systematic review protocol was developed based on the Preferred Reporting of Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist and applied to the Scopus database to retrieve articles. Geopolymer is a product of a polycondensation reaction that yields a three-dimensional tecto-aluminosilicate matrix. Compared to unary geopolymer systems, binary geopolymer systems contain complex hydrated gel structures and polymerized networks that influence workability, strength, and durability. The optimum utilization of high calcium industrial by-products such as ground granulated blast furnace slag, Class-C fly ash, and phosphogypsum in unary or binary geopolymer systems give C-S-H or C-A-S-H gels with dense polymerized networks that enhance strength gains and setting times. As there is no geopolymer mix design standard, most geopolymer mix designs apply the trial-and-error approach, and a few apply the Taguchi approach, particle packing fraction method, and response surface methodology. The adopted mix designs require the optimization of certain mixture variables whilst keeping constant other nominal material factors. The production of NaOH gives less CO2 emission compared to Na2SiO3, which requires higher calcination temperatures for Na2CO3 and SiO2. However, their usage is considered unsustainable due to their caustic nature, high energy demand, and cost. Besides the blending of fly ash with other industrial by-products, phosphogypsum also has the potential for use as an ingredient in blended geopolymer systems. The parameters identified in this review can help foster the robust adoption of geopolymer as a potential "go-to" alternative to ordinary Portland cement for construction. Furthermore, the proposed future research areas will help address the various innovation gaps observed in current literature with a view of the environment and society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jabulani Matsimbe
- Department of Civil Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
- Centre for Applied Research and Innovation in the Built Environment (CARINBE), Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa
- Department of Mining Engineering, Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences, P/Bag 303, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Megersa Dinka
- Department of Civil Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - David Olukanni
- Department of Civil Engineering, Covenant University, 10 Idiroko Road, Ota 112104, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Innocent Musonda
- Centre for Applied Research and Innovation in the Built Environment (CARINBE), Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The Effect of Seawater on Mortar Matrix Coated with Hybrid Nano-Silica-Modified Surface Protection Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194080. [PMID: 36236028 PMCID: PMC9571614 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface treatment technology is an effective method to reinforce the durability of concrete. In this study, cement-based materials containing industrial solid wastes were modified by hybrid nano-silica (HN), then applied as a novel surface protection material (SPM-HN). The effect of SPM-HN on surface hardness of mortar matrix exposed to seawater was investigated. Further, the microstructure was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The results show SPM-HN could significantly enhance the surface hardness of matrix in seawater curing, and the rebound number is increased by 94%.The microstructure analysis demonstrates that the incorporation of HN inhibits the formation of ettringite, thaumasite, and Friedel’s salt. In addition, thermodynamic modeling shows the incorporation of hybrid nano-silica could generate more C-S-H, and decrease the maximum volume of Friedel’s salt when SPM is exposed to seawater. This research indicates SPM-HN can be applied as a concrete protective layer in the marine environment.
Collapse
|
7
|
Mortada Y, Mohammad M, Mansoor B, Grasley Z, Masad E. Development of Test Methods to Evaluate the Printability of Concrete Materials for Additive Manufacturing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6486. [PMID: 36143800 PMCID: PMC9503919 DOI: 10.3390/ma15186486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes test methods for assessing the printability of concrete materials for Additive Manufacturing. The printability of concrete is divided into three main aspects: flowability, setting time, and buildability. These properties are considered to monitor the critical quality of 3DCP and to ensure a successful print. Flowability is evaluated through a rheometer test, where the evolution of shear yield strength is monitored at a constant rate (rpm), similar to the printer setup. Flowability limits were set based on the user-defined maximum thickness of a printed layer and the onset of gaps/cracks during printing. Setting time is evaluated through an ultrasonic wave pulse velocity test (UPV), where the first inflection point of the evolution of the UPV graph corresponds to the setting time of the concrete specimen. The results from this continuous non-destructive test were found to correlate with the results from the discrete destructive ASTM C-191 test for measuring setting time with a maximum difference of 5% between both sets of values. Lastly, buildability was evaluated through the measurement of the early-age compressive strength of concrete, and a correlation with the UPV results obtained a predictive model that can be used in real-time to non-destructively assess the material buildability. This predictive model had a maximum percentage difference of 13% with the measured values. The outcome of this study is a set of tests to evaluate the properties of 3D printable concrete (3DP) material and provide a basis for a framework to benchmark and design materials for additive manufacturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Mortada
- Mechanical Engineering Program, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha P.O. Box 23874, Qatar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, 575 Ross Street, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Malek Mohammad
- Mechanical Engineering Program, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha P.O. Box 23874, Qatar
- Oryx Universal College in Partnership with Liverpool John Moores University, Doha P.O. Box 12253, Qatar
| | - Bilal Mansoor
- Mechanical Engineering Program, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha P.O. Box 23874, Qatar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, 575 Ross Street, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Zachary Grasley
- Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Eyad Masad
- Mechanical Engineering Program, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha P.O. Box 23874, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Assessment on the Properties of Biomass-Aggregate Geopolymer Concrete. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12073561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Energy efficiency is one of the important indicators for the evaluation of green buildings, and it is also related to the sustainable development of the building industry and energy conservation. Using agricultural waste in concrete to produce biomass recycled aggregates can effectively utilize agricultural solid waste to develop new wall materials with economic and energy-efficient properties. In this study, industrial wastes such as ground, granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) and fly ash (FA) were used to replace cement as cementitious material and coconut shell (CC) as lightweight coarse aggregate (LWA) in lightweight concrete. The lightweight coconut shell aggregate concrete with a density of less than 1950 kg/m3 was used as structural concrete. The thermal conductivity of synthesized biomass recycled aggregate concrete (SBRAC) was about 0.47 W/mK, which is 217% and 19% lower than that of natural aggregate concrete (NAC) and crushed coconut shell aggregate concrete (CCSAC), respectively. With the same volume, the costs of SBRAC and CCSAC are 25.1% and 4.9% lower than that of NAC, respectively.
Collapse
|
9
|
Meisel NA, Watson N, Bilén SG, Duarte JP, Nazarian S. Design and System Considerations for Construction-Scale Concrete Additive Manufacturing in Remote Environments via Robotic Arm Deposition. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2022; 9:35-45. [PMID: 36660139 PMCID: PMC9831536 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2020.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This work explores additive manufacturing (AM) of concrete by using a six-axis robotic arm and its use in large-scale, autonomous concrete construction. Concrete AM uses an extrusion method to deposit concrete beads in layers to create a three-dimensional (3D) shape. This method has been found to have many uses and advantages in construction applications. The lack of formwork and autonomous nature of this manufacturing method allows for new geometries and materials to be printed in unsafe or challenging environments. Autonomous construction has been suggested as a method of creating habitats in rapid-response scenarios. This article discusses research toward one such system that could be used to rapidly construct necessary habitats in response to low-resource and emergency situations. This required addressing certain limitations of a six-axis robotic arm platform along with overcoming system challenges to achieve deliverables for NASA's "3D Printed Habitat Challenge." This included system design to increase the build volume, integrate embedding, print non-coplanar sections, and minimize travel moves to address the challenges associated with continuous extrusion of cementitious material. The system was demonstrated by printing a one-third scale habitat, which represents the first 3d-printed fully enclosed structure at an architectural scale without the use of support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Meisel
- School of Engineering Design, Technology, and Professional Programs, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nathan Watson
- School of Engineering Design, Technology, and Professional Programs, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sven G. Bilén
- School of Engineering Design, Technology, and Professional Programs, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - José Pinto Duarte
- Stuckeman School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shadi Nazarian
- Stuckeman School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Baltakys K, Dambrauskas T, Rubinaite D, Siauciunas R, Grineviciene A. Formation and hydration of eco-friendly cement using industrial wastes as raw materials. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14742. [PMID: 34285281 PMCID: PMC8292434 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the optimal conditions of the synthesis of eco-friendly cement by using industrial wastes as well as the peculiarities of its early stage hydration were investigated. The eco-friendly cement was synthesized within the 1000-1250 °C temperature range when the targeted composition was 60% of belite, 20% of ye'elimite, and 20% of brownmillerite. It was determined that the optimal sintering temperature for eco-friendly cement is 1100 °C because the primary compounds were fully reacted, and hydraulic active compounds were dominant in the products. Microcalorimetry analysis was performed for the investigation of early stage hydration. The best results of hydration were obtained with the eco-friendly cement which was produced by using mixtures with silica gel waste: three exothermic reactions were observed in the heat evolution curve, while the cumulative heat was equal to 264 J/g after 72 h. Additionally, the sequence of compounds formation during the first day of hydration was analyzed. It was determined that the composition of the initial mixture impacts the hydration rate of synthetic eco-friendly cement; however, it did not affect the mineralogical composition of the hydration products. These results were confirmed by XRD, STA, and SEM analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. Baltakys
- grid.6901.e0000 0001 1091 4533Department of Silicate Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - T. Dambrauskas
- grid.6901.e0000 0001 1091 4533Department of Silicate Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - D. Rubinaite
- grid.6901.e0000 0001 1091 4533Department of Silicate Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - R. Siauciunas
- grid.6901.e0000 0001 1091 4533Department of Silicate Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - A. Grineviciene
- grid.6901.e0000 0001 1091 4533Department of Silicate Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
This introduction to the Faraday Discussion on carbon dioxide utilization (CDU) provides a framework to lay out the need for CDU, the opportunities, boundary conditions, potential pitfalls, and critical needs to advance the required technologies in the time needed. CDU as a mainstream climate-relevant solution is gaining rapid traction as measured by the increase in the number of related publications, the investment activity, and the political action taken in various countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volker Sick
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Heinz O, Heinz H. Cement Interfaces: Current Understanding, Challenges, and Opportunities. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:6347-6356. [PMID: 34000196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cement and concrete are rapidly growing in demand and pose many unresolved chemistry questions at particle interfaces, during hydration reactions, regarding the role of electrolytes and organic additives. Solutions through developing greener, more sustainable formulations are needed to reduce the high carbon footprint that amounts to 11% of global CO2 emissions. Cement is a multiphase material composed of calcium silicates, aluminates, and other mineral phases, produced from natural and low-cost industrial sources, which undergoes complex hydration reactions. This perspective highlights current research challenges and opportunities for new chemistry insight, including intriguing colloid and interface science problems that involve mineral surfaces, electrolytes, polymers, and hydration reactions. Specifically, we discuss (1) characteristics of cement phases, supplementary cementitious materials, and other constituents, (2) hydration reactions and the characterization by imaging and NMR spectroscopy, (3) the structure of hydrated cement phases including calcium-silicate-hydrates at different scales, (4) quantitative simulation techniques from the atomic scale to microscale kinetic models, and (5) the function of organic additives. Focusing on new directions, we explain the benefits of integrating knowledge from inorganic chemistry, acid-base chemistry, polymer chemistry, reaction mechanisms, and theory to describe mesoscale cement properties and bulk properties upon manufacturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Heinz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Hendrik Heinz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Falzone G, Mehdipour I, Neithalath N, Bauchy M, Simonetti D, Sant G. New insights into the mechanisms of carbon dioxide mineralization by portlandite. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Falzone
- Laboratory for the Chemistry of Construction Materials (LC2), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California Los Angeles California USA
- Institute for Carbon Management (ICM) University of California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Iman Mehdipour
- Laboratory for the Chemistry of Construction Materials (LC2), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California Los Angeles California USA
- Institute for Carbon Management (ICM) University of California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Narayanan Neithalath
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built‐Environment Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Mathieu Bauchy
- Institute for Carbon Management (ICM) University of California Los Angeles California USA
- Laboratory for the Physics of Amorphous and Inorganic Solids (PARISlab), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Dante Simonetti
- Institute for Carbon Management (ICM) University of California Los Angeles California USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Gaurav Sant
- Laboratory for the Chemistry of Construction Materials (LC2), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California Los Angeles California USA
- Institute for Carbon Management (ICM) University of California Los Angeles California USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Los Angeles California USA
- California Nanosystems Institute (CNSI) University of California Los Angeles California USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Haque M, Ahmed R, Akhter Q. Cement dust revelation and inflammatory response: Global health comportment with special consideration towards Bangladesh. ADVANCES IN HUMAN BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_59_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
15
|
Elucidating the constitutive relationship of calcium-silicate-hydrate gel using high throughput reactive molecular simulations and machine learning. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21336. [PMID: 33288786 PMCID: PMC7721899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Prediction of material behavior using machine learning (ML) requires consistent, accurate, and, representative large data for training. However, such consistent and reliable experimental datasets are not always available for materials. To address this challenge, we synergistically integrate ML with high-throughput reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to elucidate the constitutive relationship of calcium–silicate–hydrate (C–S–H) gel—the primary binding phase in concrete formed via the hydration of ordinary portland cement. Specifically, a highly consistent dataset on the nine elastic constants of more than 300 compositions of C–S–H gel is developed using high-throughput reactive simulations. From a comparative analysis of various ML algorithms including neural networks (NN) and Gaussian process (GP), we observe that NN provides excellent predictions. To interpret the predicted results from NN, we employ SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), which reveals that the influence of silicate network on all the elastic constants of C–S–H is significantly higher than that of water and CaO content. Additionally, the water content is found to have a more prominent influence on the shear components than the normal components along the direction of the interlayer spaces within C–S–H. This result suggests that the in-plane elastic response is controlled by water molecules whereas the transverse response is mainly governed by the silicate network. Overall, by seamlessly integrating MD simulations with ML, this paper can be used as a starting point toward accelerated optimization of C–S–H nanostructures to design efficient cementitious binders with targeted properties.
Collapse
|
16
|
High-Durability Concrete Using Eco-Friendly Slag-Pozzolanic Cements and Recycled Aggregate. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10228307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Clinker production is very energy-intensive and responsible for releasing climate-relevant carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere, and the exploitation of aggregate for concrete results in a reduction in natural resources. This contrasts with infrastructure development, surging urbanization, and the demand for construction materials with increasing requirements in terms of durability and strength. A possible answer to this is eco-efficient, high-performance concrete. This article illustrates basic material investigations to both, using eco-friendly cement and recycled aggregate from tunneling to produce structural concrete and inner shell concrete, showing high impermeability and durability. By replacing energy- and CO2-intensive cement types by slag-pozzolanic cement (CEM V) and using recycled aggregate, a significant contribution to environmental sustainability can be provided while still meeting the material requirements to achieve a service lifetime for the tunnel structure of up to 200 years. Results of this research show that alternative cements (CEM V), as well as processed tunnel spoil, indicate good applicability in terms of their properties. Despite the substitution of conventional clinker and conventional aggregate, the concrete shows good workability and promising durability in conjunction with adequate concrete strengths.
Collapse
|
17
|
Failure Analysis of Ultra High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Structures Enhanced with Nanomaterials by Using a Diffuse Cohesive Interface Approach. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091792. [PMID: 32916919 PMCID: PMC7560133 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent progresses in nanotechnology have clearly shown that the incorporation of nanomaterials within concrete elements leads to a sensible increase in strength and toughness, especially if used in combination with randomly distributed short fiber reinforcements, as for ultra high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC). Current damage models often are not able to accurately predict the development of diffuse micro/macro-crack patterns which are typical for such concrete structures. In this work, a diffuse cohesive interface approach is proposed to predict the structural response of UHPFRC structures enhanced with embedded nanomaterials. According to this approach, all the internal mesh boundaries are regarded as potential crack segments, modeled as cohesive interfaces equipped with a mixed-mode traction-separation law suitably calibrated to account for the toughening effect of nano-reinforcements. The proposed fracture model has been firstly validated by comparing the failure simulation results of UHPFRC specimens containing different fractions of graphite nanoplatelets with the available experimental data. Subsequently, such a model, combined with an embedded truss model to simulate the concrete/steel rebars interaction, has been used for predicting the load-carrying capacity of steel bar-reinforced UHPFRC elements enhanced with nanoplatelets. The numerical outcomes have shown the reliability of the proposed model, also highlighting the role of the nano-reinforcement in the crack width control.
Collapse
|
18
|
Guo P, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Han F, Shou C. Controllable synthesis of terminal carboxyl hyperbranched polyester and their retarding effect on concrete. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
19
|
Konstantopoulos G, Koumoulos EP, Charitidis CA. Testing Novel Portland Cement Formulations with Carbon Nanotubes and Intrinsic Properties Revelation: Nanoindentation Analysis with Machine Learning on Microstructure Identification. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10040645. [PMID: 32235614 PMCID: PMC7221838 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoindentation was utilized as a non-destructive technique to identify Portland Cement hydration phases. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and semi-supervised Machine Learning (ML) were used for knowledge gain on the effect of carbon nanotubes to nanomechanics in novel cement formulations. Data labelling is performed with unsupervised ML with k-means clustering. Supervised ML classification is used in order to predict the hydration products composition and 97.6% accuracy was achieved. Analysis included multiple nanoindentation raw data variables, and required less time to execute than conventional single component probability density analysis (PDA). Also, PDA was less informative than ML regarding information exchange and re-usability of input in design predictions. In principle, ML is the appropriate science for predictive modeling, such as cement phase identification and facilitates the acquisition of precise results. This study introduces unbiased structure-property relations with ML to monitor cement durability based on cement phases nanomechanics compared to PDA, which offers a solution based on local optima of a multidimensional space solution. Evaluation of nanomaterials inclusion in composite reinforcement using semi-supervised ML was proved feasible. This methodology is expected to contribute to design informatics due to the high prediction metrics, which holds promise for the transfer learning potential of these models for studying other novel cement formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Konstantopoulos
- RNANO Lab—Research Unit of Advanced, Composite, Nano Materials & Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR-15773 Zographos Athens, Greece; (G.K.); (C.A.C.)
| | - Elias P. Koumoulos
- RNANO Lab—Research Unit of Advanced, Composite, Nano Materials & Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR-15773 Zographos Athens, Greece; (G.K.); (C.A.C.)
- Innovation in Research & Engineering Solutions (IRES), Boulevard Edmond Machtens 79/22, 1080 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: or
| | - Costas A. Charitidis
- RNANO Lab—Research Unit of Advanced, Composite, Nano Materials & Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR-15773 Zographos Athens, Greece; (G.K.); (C.A.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang Y, Cao Y, Zhang P, Ma Y. Effective Utilization of Waste Glass as Cementitious Powder and Construction Sand in Mortar. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13030707. [PMID: 32033267 PMCID: PMC7040922 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the availability of waste glass as alternative materials in sustainable constructions. Collected waste glass was ground into waste glass powder (WGP) with similar particle size distribution as Portland cement (PC) and waste glass sand (WGS) with similar grade as sand. The compressive strength was investigated through the Taguchi test to evaluate the effect of different parameters on WGP-blended mortar, which include WG-replacement rate (G/B, 0, 10%, 20%, 30%), water/binder ratio (w/b, 0.35. 0.40, 0.50, 0.60), cementitious material dosage (Cpaste, 420, 450, 480, 500 kg/m3), and color of powder (green (G) and colorless (C)). The alkali–silica reaction (ASR) expansion risk of WGS-blended mortar was assessed. The experimental results indicated that WGP after 0.5 h grinding could be used as substituted cement in mortar and help to release potential ASR expansion. The replacement rate played a dominant role on strength at both the early or long-term age. The water/binder ratio of 0.35 was beneficial to the compressive strength at three days and 0.50 was better for strength at 60 and 90 days. An optimal value of cementitious material dosage (450 Kg/m3) exited in view of its strength, while the effect of the color of WG was minor. WGS could be graded as standard construction sand and no ASR expansion risk was found even for 100% replacement of regular sand in mortar. Through the comprehensive reuse of waste glass, this study could provide basic knowledge and a concept for the sustainable development of building materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Wang
- Centre for Durability & Sustainability Studies of Shandong Province, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China; (Y.W.); (Y.C.)
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD 4350, Australia
| | - Yubin Cao
- Centre for Durability & Sustainability Studies of Shandong Province, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China; (Y.W.); (Y.C.)
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD 4350, Australia
| | - Peng Zhang
- Centre for Durability & Sustainability Studies of Shandong Province, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China; (Y.W.); (Y.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Yuwei Ma
- Guangzhou University-Tamkang University Joint Research Center for Engineering Structure Disaster Prevention and Control, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Application of polymer coatings and nanoparticles in consolidation and hydrophobic treatment of stone monuments. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-018-0673-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
22
|
Shahsavari R, Hwang SH. Size- and Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Calcium Silicate Particles Enables Self-Assembly and Enhanced Mechanical and Durability Properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:12154-12166. [PMID: 30252480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Calcium silicate (CS)-based materials are ubiquitous in diverse industries ranging from cementitious materials to bone tissue engineering and drug delivery. As a symbolic example, concrete is the most widely used synthetic material on the planet. This large consumption entails significant negative environmental footprint, which calls for innovative strategies to develop greener concrete with improved properties (to do more with less). Herein, we focus on the physicochemical properties of novel spherical calcium silicate particles with an extremely narrow size distribution and report their promising potential as fundamental building blocks. We demonstrate a scalable size- and shape-controlled synthesis protocol to yield highly spherical CS submicron particles, leading to favorable aggregation mechanisms and thus self-assembly of the bulk ensemble. This optimized kinetics-controlled synthesis is governed by suitable stoichiometric ratio of calcium over silicon, type and concentration of the surfactant, and molar ratio of the alkaline solution. Our extensive nano/micro/macro-characterization results show that the bulk ensemble exhibits many superior properties, such as improved strength, toughness, ductility, and durability, paving the path for bottom-up science-based engineering of concrete.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rouzbeh Shahsavari
- C-Crete Technologies LLC , 13000 Murphy Road, Suite 102 , Houston , Texas 77477 , United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Moini M, Olek J, Youngblood JP, Magee B, Zavattieri PD. Additive Manufacturing and Performance of Architectured Cement-Based Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1802123. [PMID: 30159935 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in hierarchical design and additive manufacturing (AM) of cement-based materials. However, the brittle behavior of these materials and the presence of interfaces from the AM process currently present a major challenge. Contrary to the commonly adopted approach in AM of cement-based materials to eliminate the interfaces in 3D-printed hardened cement paste (hcp) elements, this work focuses on harnessing the heterogeneous interfaces by employing novel architectures (based on bioinspired Bouligand structures). These architectures are found to generate unique damage mechanisms, which allow inherently brittle hcp materials to attain flaw-tolerant properties and novel performance characteristics. It is hypothesized that combining heterogeneous interfaces with carefully designed architectures promotes such damage mechanisms as, among others, interfacial microcracking and crack twisting. This, in turn, leads to damage delocalization in brittle 3D-printed architectured hcp and therefore results in quasi-brittle behavior, enhanced fracture and damage tolerance, and unique load-displacement response, all without sacrificing strength. It is further found that in addition to delocalization of the cracks, the Bouligand architectures can also enhance work of failure and inelastic deflection of the architectured hcp elements by over 50% when compared to traditionally cast elements from the same materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamadreza Moini
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University at West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jan Olek
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University at West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Youngblood
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University at West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Bryan Magee
- Built Environment Research Institute, Ulster University at Newtownabbey, Newtownabbey, BT37 0QB, UK
| | - Pablo D Zavattieri
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University at West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hwang SH, Shahsavari R. Intrinsic Size Effect in Scaffolded Porous Calcium Silicate Particles and Mechanical Behavior of Their Self-Assembled Ensembles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:890-899. [PMID: 29241004 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Scaffolded porous submicron particles with well-defined diameter, shape, and pore size have profound impacts on drug delivery, bone-tissue replacement, catalysis, sensors, photonic crystals, and self-healing materials. However, understanding the interplay between pore size, particle size, and mechanical properties of such ultrafine particles, especially at the level of individual particles and their ensemble states, is a challenge. Herein, we focus on porous calcium-silicate submicron particles with various diameters-as a model system-and perform extensive 900+ nanoindentations to completely map out their mechanical properties at three distinct structural forms from individual submicron particles to self-assembled ensembles to pressure-induced assembled arrays. Our results demonstrate a notable "intrinsic size effect" for individual porous submicron particles around ∼200-500 nm, induced by the ratio of particle characteristic diameter to pore characteristic size distribution. Increasing this ratio results in a brittle-to-ductile transition where the toughness of the submicron particles increases by 120%. This size effect becomes negligible as the porous particles form superstructures. Nevertheless, the self-assembled arrays collectively exhibit increasing elastic modulus as a function of applied forces, while pressure-induced compacted arrays exhibit no size effect. This study will impact tuning properties of individual scaffolded porous particles and can have implications on self-assembled superstructures exploiting porosity and particle size to impart new functionalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hoon Hwang
- Department of Material Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Rouzbeh Shahsavari
- Department of Material Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- The Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- C-Crete Technologies LLC , 13000 Murphy Rd, Ste 102, Stafford, Texas 77477, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Hwang SH, Miller JB, Shahsavari R. Biomimetic, Strong, Tough, and Self-Healing Composites Using Universal Sealant-Loaded, Porous Building Blocks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:37055-37063. [PMID: 28991434 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many natural materials, such as nacre and dentin, exhibit multifunctional mechanical properties via structural interplay between compliant and stiff constituents arranged in a particular architecture. Herein, we present, for the first time, the bottom-up synthesis and design of strong, tough, and self-healing composite using simple but universal spherical building blocks. Our composite system is composed of calcium silicate porous nanoparticles with unprecedented monodispersity over particle size, particle shape, and pore size, which facilitate effective loading and unloading with organic sealants, resulting in 258% and 307% increases in the indentation hardness and elastic modulus of the compacted composite. Furthermore, heating the damaged composite triggers the controlled release of the nanoconfined sealant into the surrounding area, enabling moderate recovery in strength and toughness. This work paves the path towards fabricating a novel class of biomimetic composites using low-cost spherical building blocks, potentially impacting bone-tissue engineering, insulation, refractory and constructions materials, and ceramic matrix composites.
Collapse
|
27
|
Monteiro PJM, Miller SA, Horvath A. Towards sustainable concrete. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:698-699. [PMID: 28653697 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo J M Monteiro
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering of the University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Sabbie A Miller
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering of the University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Arpad Horvath
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering of the University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|