1
|
Yang H, Gao J, Peng X, Han Y. Application of synthetic biology strategies to promote biosynthesis of fatty acids and their derivatives. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2024; 128:83-104. [PMID: 39059844 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acids and their derivatives are indispensable biomolecules in all organisms, and can be used as intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, biofuels and pesticides, and thus their demand has increased dramatically in recent years. In addition to serving as structural components of cell membranes and metabolic energy, fatty acids and their derivatives can also be used as signal transduction and regulatory bioactive molecules to regulate cell functions. Biosynthesis of fatty acids and their derivatives through microbial catalysis provides green and alternative options to meet the goal. However, the low biosynthetic titer of fatty acids and their derivatives limits their industrial production and application. In this review, we first summarize the metabolic pathways and related enzymes of fatty acids and their derivatives biosynthesis. Then, the strategies and research progress of biosynthesis of fatty acids and derivatives through metabolic and enzyme engineering were reviewed. The biosynthesis of saturated fatty acids (medium chain fatty acids and long chain fatty acids), bioactive fatty acids (PUFAs, oxylipins, ether lipids), and their derivatives with microbial and enzymatic catalysis were respectively summarized. Finally, synthetic biology strategies to improve fatty acids and their derivatives production through enzyme rational design, carbon metabolism flux, cofactors balance, and metabolic pathways design were discussed. The review provides references and prospects for fatty acids and their derivatives biosynthesis and industrial production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiqian Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yejun Han
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cui L, Zhao X, Zhang D, Liu Y, Guo Y, Feng J, Huang W, Li Y. Isolation and Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Effects on the Off-odor of Burdocks. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:7485-7494. [PMID: 37154417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Burdocks have diverse nutritional and pharmacological functions, but their unique odor is unwelcome. Here, the effect and mechanism of lactic acid bacteria fermentation on the off-odor of burdocks were investigated. The sensory evaluation showed that burdocks had earthy, musty, grassy, and pepper odors. 2-Isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine (IBMP) and 2-secbutyl-3-methoxypyrazine (IPMP) mainly contributed to burdock's unique off-odor and were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and relative odor activity value (ROAV) analysis. Weissella cibaria ZJ-5 from screened strains performed with the strongest ability to remove the off-odor and generate a fragrant odor, as determined by sensory evaluation. When incubated aerobically together with IBMP during fermentation, ZJ-5 degraded IBMP directly from 149.56 ± 0.72 to 71.55 ± 1.81 ng/mL. Additionally, linoleic acid content in fermented burdocks was significantly decreased compared with unfermented burdocks. (E,Z)-2,6-Nonadienal, which mainly contributed to fermented burdock's odor, may have been generated from linoleic acid during ZJ-5 fermentation, through the acid catalysis pathway. It indicated that LAB fermentation could improve burdock odor by degrading off-odor compounds and precursors and by generating new aldehydes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Cui
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Danni Zhang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yuxing Guo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jin Feng
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Wuyang Huang
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Koteska D, Marter P, Huang S, Pradella S, Petersen J, Schulz S. Volatiles of the Apicomplexan Alga Chromera velia and Associated Bacteria. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200530. [PMID: 36416092 PMCID: PMC10107727 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Volatiles released by the apicomplexan alga Chromera velia CCAP1602/1 and their associated bacteria have been investigated. A metagenome analysis allowed the identification of the most abundant heterotrophic bacteria of the phycosphere, but the isolation of additional strains showed that metagenomics underestimated the complexity of the algal microbiome, However, a culture-independent approach revealed the presence of a planctomycete that likely represents a novel bacterial family. We analysed algal and bacterial volatiles by open-system-stripping analysis (OSSA) on Tenax TA desorption tubes, followed by thermodesorption, cryofocusing and GC-MS-analysis. The analyses of the alga and the abundant bacterial strains Sphingopyxis litoris A01A-101, Algihabitans albus A01A-324, "Coraliitalea coralii" A01A-333 and Litoreibacter sp. A01A-347 revealed sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, aromatic compounds, amides and one lactone, as well as the typical algal products, apocarotenoids. The compounds were identified by gas chromatographic retention indices, comparison of mass spectra and syntheses of reference compounds. A major algal metabolite was 3,4,4-trimethylcyclopent-2-en-1-one, an apocarotenoid indicating the presence of carotenoids related to capsanthin, not reported from algae so far. A low overlap in volatiles bouquets between C. velia and the bacteria was found, and the xenic algal culture almost exclusively released algal components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Koteska
- Institut für Organische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Pia Marter
- Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbHInhoffenstraße 7B38124BraunschweigGermany
| | - Sixing Huang
- Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbHInhoffenstraße 7B38124BraunschweigGermany
| | - Silke Pradella
- Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbHInhoffenstraße 7B38124BraunschweigGermany
| | - Jörn Petersen
- Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbHInhoffenstraße 7B38124BraunschweigGermany
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institut für Organische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moderate papain addition improves the physicochemical, microbiological, flavor and sensorial properties of Chouguiyu, traditional Chinese fermented fish. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
5
|
Research progress on conjugated linoleic acid bio-conversion in Bifidobacterium. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 369:109593. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
6
|
Siroli L, Braschi G, Rossi S, Gottardi D, Patrignani F, Lanciotti R. Lactobacillus paracasei A13 and High-Pressure Homogenization Stress Response. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E439. [PMID: 32244939 PMCID: PMC7143770 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sub-lethal high-pressure homogenization treatments applied to Lactobacillus paracasei A13 demonstrated to be a useful strategy to enhance technological and functional properties without detrimental effects on the viability of this strain. Modification of membrane fatty acid composition is reported to be the main regulatory mechanisms adopted by probiotic lactobacilli to counteract high-pressure stress. This work is aimed to clarify and understand the relationship between the modification of membrane fatty acid composition and the expression of genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis in Lactobacillus paracasei A13, before and after the application of different sub-lethal hyperbaric treatments. Our results showed that Lactobacillus paracasei A13 activated a series of reactions aimed to control and stabilize membrane fluidity in response to high-pressure homogenization treatments. In fact, the production of cyclic fatty acids was counterbalanced by the unsaturation and elongation of fatty acids. The gene expression data indicate an up-regulation of the genes accA, accC, fabD, fabH and fabZ after high-pressure homogenization treatment at 150 and 200 MPa, and of fabK and fabZ after a treatment at 200 MPa suggesting this regulation of the genes involved in fatty acids biosynthesis as an immediate response mechanism adopted by Lactobacillus paracasei A13 to high-pressure homogenization treatments to balance the membrane fluidity. Although further studies should be performed to clarify the modulation of phospholipids and glycoproteins biosynthesis since they play a crucial role in the functional properties of the probiotic strains, this study represents an important step towards understanding the response mechanisms of Lactobacillus paracasei A13 to sub-lethal high-pressure homogenization treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Siroli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, p.zza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (L.S.); (G.B.); (S.R.); (D.G.); (R.L.)
| | - Giacomo Braschi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, p.zza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (L.S.); (G.B.); (S.R.); (D.G.); (R.L.)
| | - Samantha Rossi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, p.zza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (L.S.); (G.B.); (S.R.); (D.G.); (R.L.)
| | - Davide Gottardi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, p.zza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (L.S.); (G.B.); (S.R.); (D.G.); (R.L.)
| | - Francesca Patrignani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, p.zza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (L.S.); (G.B.); (S.R.); (D.G.); (R.L.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-food Research, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Rosalba Lanciotti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, p.zza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (L.S.); (G.B.); (S.R.); (D.G.); (R.L.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-food Research, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Budinska E, Gojda J, Heczkova M, Bratova M, Dankova H, Wohl P, Bastova H, Lanska V, Kostovcik M, Dastych M, Senkyrik M, Krizova J, Mraz M, Hradecky J, Hajslova J, Lenicek M, Podzimkova K, Chalupsky K, Sedlacek R, Cahova M. Microbiome and Metabolome Profiles Associated With Different Types of Short Bowel Syndrome: Implications for Treatment. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2019; 44:105-118. [PMID: 31032975 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome and metabolome may significantly influence clinical outcomes in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS). The study aimed to describe specific metagenomic/metabolomics profiles of different SBS types and to identify possible therapeutic targets. METHODS Fecal microbiome (FM), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and bile acid (BA) spectrum were analyzed in parenteral nutrition (PN)-dependent SBS I, SBS II, and PN-independent (non-PN) SBS patients. RESULTS FM in SBS I, SBS II, and non-PN SBS shared characteristic features (depletion of beneficial anaerobes, high abundance of Lactobacilaceae and Enterobacteriaceae). SBS I patients were characterized by the abundance of oxygen-tolerant microrganisms and depletion of strict anaerobes. Non-PN SBS subjects showed markers of partial FM normalization. FM dysbiosis was translated into VOC and BA profiles characteristic for each SBS cohort. A typical signature of all SBS patients comprised high saturated aldehydes and medium-chain fatty acids and reduced short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content. Particularly, SBS I and II exhibited low protein metabolism intermediate (indole, p-cresol) content despite the hypothetical presence of relevant metabolism pathways. Distinctive non-PN SBS marker was high phenol content. SBS patients' BA fecal spectrum was enriched by chenodeoxycholic and deoxycholic acids and depleted of lithocholic acid. CONCLUSIONS Environmental conditions in SBS gut significantly affect FM composition and metabolic activity. The common feature of diverse SBS subjects is the altered VOC/BA profile and the lack of important products of microbial metabolism. Strategies oriented on the microbiome/metabolome reconstitution and targeted delivery of key compounds may represent a promising therapeutic strategy in SBS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Budinska
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Gojda
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital and 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Heczkova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miriam Bratova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Dankova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Wohl
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Bastova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Lanska
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kostovcik
- BIOCEV, Institute of Microbiology, AS CR, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Dastych
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Senkyrik
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Krizova
- 3rd Department of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Mraz
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital and 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Hradecky
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hajslova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Lenicek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Podzimkova
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Transgenic Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Chalupsky
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Transgenic Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Transgenic Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Cahova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Baptista I, Santos M, Rudnitskaya A, Saraiva JA, Almeida A, Rocha SM. A comprehensive look into the volatile exometabolome of enteroxic and non-enterotoxic Staphylococcus aureus strains. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 108:40-50. [PMID: 30648622 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcal food poisoning is a disease that originates significant health and economic losses and is caused by Staphylococcus aureus strains able to produce enterotoxins. The aim of this work is to go further on the study of the volatile exometabolome of S. aureus using an advanced gas chromatographic technique. Enterotoxic and non-enterotoxic strains were assessed. The volatile exometabolome profile comprised 240 volatiles belonging to ten chemical families. This volatiles were mainly by-products of branched-chain amino acids and methionine degradation, pyruvate metabolism, diacetyl pathway, oxidative stress and carotenoid cleavage. Metabolites released by the first two pathways were produced in higher contents by the enterotoxic strains. This study add further insights to S. aureus volatile exometabolome, and also shows that by applying it, it is possible to distinguish strains of S. aureus by the number of produced enterotoxins, which is especially important from the food safety point of view.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Baptista
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Magda Santos
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Alisa Rudnitskaya
- Department of Chemistry and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Jorge A Saraiva
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Sílvia M Rocha
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gessler NN, Filippovich SY, Bachurina GP, Kharchenko EA, Groza NV, Belozerskaya TA. Oxylipins and oxylipin synthesis pathways in fungi. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683817060060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
10
|
Siroli L, Patrignani F, Gardini F, Lanciotti R. Effects of sub-lethal concentrations of thyme and oregano essential oils, carvacrol, thymol, citral and trans-2-hexenal on membrane fatty acid composition and volatile molecule profile of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis. Food Chem 2015; 182:185-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
11
|
Simoncini N, Pinna A, Toscani T, Virgili R. Effect of added autochthonous yeasts on the volatile compounds of dry-cured hams. Int J Food Microbiol 2015. [PMID: 26210478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Three yeast strains belonging to Debaryomyces and Hyphopichia spp., isolated from dry-cured hams and previously tested for biocontrol activity against toxigenic Penicillium nordicum, were investigated for ability in colonising ham surface. Hams were twice yeast-inoculated onto the unskinned muscle surface during ripening and processed up to full maturation in two manufacturing plants. The yeast strains and the manufacturing plants differed (P < 0.05) in surface populations, volatile compounds and sensory descriptors of matured hams. Sensory scores for each of the yeast-inoculated groups were higher or similar to the non-inoculated ones (controls). Debaryomyces strains were regarded as those most fit to colonise the ham surface under the ecological conditions of dry-curing rooms, hence to qualify as biocontrol agents against the growth of undesired mould and preserve the typical sensory properties of dry-cured hams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Simoncini
- Stazione Sperimentale per l'Industria delle Conserve Alimentari, V.le F. Tanara, 31/A, 43100 Parma, Italy.
| | - Anna Pinna
- Stazione Sperimentale per l'Industria delle Conserve Alimentari, V.le F. Tanara, 31/A, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Tania Toscani
- Stazione Sperimentale per l'Industria delle Conserve Alimentari, V.le F. Tanara, 31/A, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Virgili
- Stazione Sperimentale per l'Industria delle Conserve Alimentari, V.le F. Tanara, 31/A, 43100 Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
|