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Nafee N, Gaber DM, Abouelfetouh A, Alseqely M, Empting M, Schneider M. Enzyme-Linked Lipid Nanocarriers for Coping Pseudomonal Pulmonary Infection. Would Nanocarriers Complement Biofilm Disruption or Pave Its Road? Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3861-3890. [PMID: 38708178 PMCID: PMC11068056 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s445955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections persistent to antibiotics. Methods To eradicate pseudomonal biofilms, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) loaded with quorum-sensing-inhibitor (QSI, disrupting bacterial crosstalk), coated with chitosan (CS, improving internalization) and immobilized with alginate lyase (AL, destroying alginate biofilms) were developed. Results SLNs (140-205 nm) showed prolonged release of QSI with no sign of acute toxicity to A549 and Calu-3 cells. The CS coating improved uptake, whereas immobilized-AL ensured >1.5-fold higher uptake and doubled SLN diffusion across the artificial biofilm sputum model. Respirable microparticles comprising SLNs in carbohydrate matrix elicited aerodynamic diameters MMAD (3.54, 2.48 µm) and fine-particle-fraction FPF (65, 48%) for anionic and cationic SLNs, respectively. The antimicrobial and/or antibiofilm activity of SLNs was explored in Pseudomonas aeruginosa reference mucoid/nonmucoid strains as well as clinical isolates. The full growth inhibition of planktonic bacteria was dependent on SLN type, concentration, growth medium, and strain. OD measurements and live/dead staining proved that anionic SLNs efficiently ceased biofilm formation and eradicated established biofilms, whereas cationic SLNs unexpectedly promoted biofilm progression. AL immobilization increased biofilm vulnerability; instead, CS coating increased biofilm formation confirmed by 3D-time lapse confocal imaging. Incubation of SLNs with mature biofilms of P. aeruginosa isolates increased biofilm density by an average of 1.5-fold. CLSM further confirmed the binding and uptake of the labeled SLNs in P. aeruginosa biofilms. Considerable uptake of CS-coated SLNs in non-mucoid strains could be observed presumably due to interaction of chitosan with LPS glycolipids in the outer cell membrane of P. aeruginosa. Conclusion The biofilm-destructive potential of QSI/SLNs/AL inhalation is promising for site-specific biofilm-targeted interventional CF therapy. Nevertheless, the intrinsic/extrinsic fundamentals of nanocarrier-biofilm interactions require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Nafee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat, 13110, Kuwait
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Dina M Gaber
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, 1029, Egypt
| | - Alaa Abouelfetouh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alamein International University, Alamein, 5060335, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Alseqely
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Martin Empting
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Department of Antiviral and Antivirulence Drugs (AVID), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - Marc Schneider
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
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Batoni G, Catelli E, Kaya E, Pompilio A, Bianchi M, Ghelardi E, Di Bonaventura G, Esin S, Maisetta G. Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effects of Lactobacilli Strains against Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa under Conditions Relevant to Cystic Fibrosis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1158. [PMID: 37508254 PMCID: PMC10376640 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapy of lung infections sustained by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is challenging due to the presence of a sticky mucus in the airways and the ability of the bacterium to form biofilm, which exhibits increased antibiotic tolerance. A lung-directed bacteriotherapy through the airway administration of probiotics could represent an alternative approach to probiotic diet supplementation to improve the benefits and clinical outcomes of this kind of intervention in CF patients. This study aims to evaluate the ability of probiotic strains to grow in artificial sputum medium (ASM), mimicking the CF lung microenvironment, and to affect the planktonic and biofilm growth of CF clinical strains of P. aeruginosa in the same conditions. The results demonstrate that Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP) can grow in ASM. LP inhibited the planktonic growth of P. aeruginosa, while both lactobacilli reduced the pre-formed biofilm of P. aeruginosa. Interestingly, LP was demonstrated to reduce the amount of polysaccharides in the extracellular matrix of P. aeruginosa biofilms and to potentiate the antibiofilm effects of tobramycin. Overall, the results indicated that LP is a promising candidate as an adjuvant in the antimicrobial therapy of P. aeruginosa infections in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Batoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Catelli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Esingül Kaya
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Arianna Pompilio
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marta Bianchi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Emilia Ghelardi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Bonaventura
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Semih Esin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppantonio Maisetta
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56123 Pisa, Italy
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Gomaa I, Emam MH, Wassel AR, Ashraf K, Hussan S, Kalil H, Bayachou M, Ibrahim MA. Microspheres with 2D rGO/Alginate Matrix for Unusual Prolonged Release of Cefotaxime. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1527. [PMID: 37177072 PMCID: PMC10180501 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A synergistic interaction between reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and a biodegradable natural polymer, sodium alginate, was developed to create unique microspheres with protruding spiky features at the surface (spiky microspheres) that act as a super encapsulation and sustained release system for the highly effective antibiotic cefotaxime. Three forms of microspheres, namely alginate (Alg), alginate-cefotaxime (Alg-CTX), and alginate-cefotaxime-reduced graphene (Alg-CTX-rGO) composites, were prepared using calcium chloride as a cross-linking agent. The microspheres were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction to investigate their pores, roughness, surface morphology, functional groups, phase formation, purity, and structural properties. The membrane diffusion method was employed to determine the release profile of Cefotaxime from the fabricated microspheres. The antibacterial activities of CTX solution, Alg microspheres, Alg-CTX microspheres, and Alg-CTX-rGO microspheres were investigated against gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) using the agar diffusion method on Muller-Hinton agar. The prepared samples exhibited excellent results, suggesting their potential for enhanced antibiotic delivery. The results demonstrated the potential of the microsphere 2D rGO/alginate matrix for enhancing cefotaxime delivery with an unusual, prolonged release profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Gomaa
- Nanotechnology Research Centre (NTRC), The British University in Egypt, El-Shorouk City, Suez Desert Road, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Merna H. Emam
- Nanotechnology Research Centre (NTRC), The British University in Egypt, El-Shorouk City, Suez Desert Road, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R. Wassel
- Nanotechnology Research Centre (NTRC), The British University in Egypt, El-Shorouk City, Suez Desert Road, Cairo 11837, Egypt
- Electron Microscope and Thin Film Department, Physics Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Kholoud Ashraf
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, Egypt
| | - Sara Hussan
- Biophysics Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Haitham Kalil
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Mekki Bayachou
- Chemistry Department, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Medhat A. Ibrahim
- Molecular Spectroscopy and Modeling Unit, Spectroscopy Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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Gong X, Zhao Q, Wu Y, Zhou H, Ding S, Zhu K. Mucoid Acinetobacter baumannii enhances anti-phagocytosis through reducing C3b deposition. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:879361. [PMID: 36186828 PMCID: PMC9521736 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.879361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMultidrug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii causes serious infections in intensive care units and is hard to be eradicated by antibiotics. Many A. baumannii isolates are identified as the mucoid type recently, but the biological characteristics of mucoid A. baumannii and their interactions with host cells remains unclear.MethodsThe mucoid phenotype, antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm-forming ability, acid resistance ability, peroxide tolerance, and in vivo toxicity of clinical ICUs derived A. baumannii isolates were first investigated. Secondly, the phagocytic resistance and invasive capacity of A. baumannii isolates to macrophages (MH-S, RAW264.7) and epithelial cells (A549) were analyzed. Furthermore, the abundance of C3b (complement factor C3 degradation product) deposition on the surface of A. baumannii was investigated. Last, the relationship between C3b deposition and the abundance of capsule in A. baumannii isolates were analyzed.ResultsThese A. baumannii strains showed different mucoid phenotypes including hyper mucoid (HM), medium mucoid (MM), and low mucoid (LM). All tested strains were MDR with high tolerance to either acid or hydrogen peroxide exposure. Notably, these mucoid strains showed the increase of mortality in the Galleria mellonella infection models. Besides, the HM strain exhibited less biofilm abundance, higher molecular weight (MW) of capsule, and greater anti-phagocytic activity to macrophages than the LM strain. Together with the increased abundance of capsule, high expression of tuf gene (associated with the hydrolysis of C3b), the HM strain effectively inhibits C3b deposition on bacterial surface, resulting in the low-opsonization phenotype.ConclusionCapsular characteristics facilitate the anti-phagocytic activity in hyper mucoid A. baumannii through the reduction of C3b deposition. Mucoid A. baumannii exhibits high phagocytosis resistance to both macrophages and epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Gong
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuangyang Ding
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Zhu
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kui Zhu,
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Srinivasan R, Santhakumari S, Poonguzhali P, Geetha M, Dyavaiah M, Xiangmin L. Bacterial Biofilm Inhibition: A Focused Review on Recent Therapeutic Strategies for Combating the Biofilm Mediated Infections. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:676458. [PMID: 34054785 PMCID: PMC8149761 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.676458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is a major concern in various sectors and cause severe problems to public health, medicine, and industry. Bacterial biofilm formation is a major persistent threat, as it increases morbidity and mortality, thereby imposing heavy economic pressure on the healthcare sector. Bacterial biofilms also strengthen biofouling, affecting shipping functions, and the offshore industries in their natural environment. Besides, they accomplish harsh roles in the corrosion of pipelines in industries. At biofilm state, bacterial pathogens are significantly resistant to external attack like antibiotics, chemicals, disinfectants, etc. Within a cell, they are insensitive to drugs and host immune responses. The development of intact biofilms is very critical for the spreading and persistence of bacterial infections in the host. Further, bacteria form biofilms on every probable substratum, and their infections have been found in plants, livestock, and humans. The advent of novel strategies for treating and preventing biofilm formation has gained a great deal of attention. To prevent the development of resistant mutants, a feasible technique that may target adhesive properties without affecting the bacterial vitality is needed. This stimulated research is a rapidly growing field for applicable control measures to prevent biofilm formation. Therefore, this review discusses the current understanding of antibiotic resistance mechanisms in bacterial biofilm and intensely emphasized the novel therapeutic strategies for combating biofilm mediated infections. The forthcoming experimental studies will focus on these recent therapeutic strategies that may lead to the development of effective biofilm inhibitors than conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanathan Srinivasan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fujian, China
| | - Sivasubramanian Santhakumari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Mani Geetha
- PG Research and Department of Microbiology, St. Joseph's College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Madhu Dyavaiah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Lin Xiangmin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
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6
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Versey Z, da Cruz Nizer WS, Russell E, Zigic S, DeZeeuw KG, Marek JE, Overhage J, Cassol E. Biofilm-Innate Immune Interface: Contribution to Chronic Wound Formation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:648554. [PMID: 33897696 PMCID: PMC8062706 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.648554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed wound healing can cause significant issues for immobile and ageing individuals as well as those living with co-morbid conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. These delays increase a patient’s risk for infection and, in severe cases, can result in the formation of chronic, non-healing ulcers (e.g., diabetic foot ulcers, surgical site infections, pressure ulcers and venous leg ulcers). Chronic wounds are very difficult and expensive to treat and there is an urgent need to develop more effective therapeutics that restore healing processes. Sustained innate immune activation and inflammation are common features observed across most chronic wound types. However, the factors driving this activation remain incompletely understood. Emerging evidence suggests that the composition and structure of the wound microbiome may play a central role in driving this dysregulated activation but the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these processes require further investigation. In this review, we will discuss the current literature on: 1) how bacterial populations and biofilms contribute to chronic wound formation, 2) the role of bacteria and biofilms in driving dysfunctional innate immune responses in chronic wounds, and 3) therapeutics currently available (or underdevelopment) that target bacteria-innate immune interactions to improve healing. We will also discuss potential issues in studying the complexity of immune-biofilm interactions in chronic wounds and explore future areas of investigation for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Versey
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Emily Russell
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra Zigic
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katrina G DeZeeuw
- Department of Complex Continuing Care, Saint Vincent Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jonah E Marek
- Department of Complex Continuing Care, Saint Vincent Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Joerg Overhage
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Edana Cassol
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Shan W, Zhang H, Kan J, Yin M, Zhang J, Wan L, Chang R, Li M. Acquired mucoid phenotype of Acinetobacter baumannii: Impact for the molecular characteristics and virulence. Microbiol Res 2021; 246:126702. [PMID: 33465557 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mucoid phenotype is an important adaptive defense response for Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii). The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of mucoid phenotype for the molecular characteristics and virulence of A. baumannii. We observed that the colonies of mucoid A. baumannii were moist, with an elevated surface, and the wire drawing result was positive. Transmission electron microscopy data showed that the outer wall of the mucoid colonies was not smooth, had protruding pseudopodia, and was surrounded by a layer of unknown material. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that the mucoid strains were multidrug resistant. Notably, the mucoid phenotype and antibiotic resistance were not correlated with the amount of biofilm produced by A. baumannii. MLST data demonstrated that the mucoid A. baumannii strains belonged to type ST2. Most (82.6 %, 38/46) of the multidrug-resistant nonmucoid strains also belonged to the molecular type ST2 and to other types, including ST129, ST158, ST195, ST80 and ST3. Moreover, mucoid A. baumannii strains were more virulent than nonmucoid isolates in a mouse model. The comparative transcriptomic data indicated that 15 genes, especially IX87_RS16955 (acnA), IX87_RS10800 (XanP), IX87_RS12875 (GlmM), IX87_RS00885 and IX87_RS12395 (bfr), were possibly associated with the phenotype and virulence of mucoid A. baumannii. In conclusions, the study comprehensively describes the molecular characteristics and virulence regulatory mechanism of mucoid A. baumannii, and provides novel insights for the prevention and treatment of infections associated with these strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wulin Shan
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Jinsong Kan
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Meiling Yin
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Jiayun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Lingling Wan
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Renliang Chang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, China
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Akinbobola AB, Amaeze NJ, Mackay WG, Ramage G, Williams C. 'Secondary biofilms' could cause failure of peracetic acid high-level disinfection of endoscopes. J Hosp Infect 2021; 107:67-75. [PMID: 33098959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The reduced susceptibility of biofilms to disinfectants presents a challenge to the successful reprocessing of medical equipment. This study examined the effect of residual biomass remaining after previous disinfection with peracetic acid (PAA) on the tolerance of subsequent mature Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms to PAA. The effect of enzymatic degradation of specific components of the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) of P. aeruginosa biofilm on the effectiveness of PAA disinfection was also evaluated. METHODS The susceptibility of biofilm grown on the biomass of PAA-killed biofilm to PAA was compared with the PAA susceptibility of biofilm grown in wells of a 24-well plate by evaluating their viability using the plate count assay. The effect of PAA on biofilm biomass was measured using crystal violet quantification of total biofilm biomass, while its effect on the polysaccharide and protein components of biofilm EPS was quantified using the phenol-sulphuric acid assay or Bradford assay, respectively. A confocal microscope was used to visualize the distribution of living and dead cells in biofilms grown on residual biofilm biomass. FINDINGS The presence of residual biomass from previously disinfected biofilms significantly enhanced the tolerance of subsequent biofilms. A 96-h-old 'secondary biofilm' formed on disinfected biomass survived PAA concentrations of 4000 ppm, which exceeds the concentrations used in practice for high-level disinfection. CONCLUSION These observations indicate that, under certain circumstances, recolonization of residual EPS can cause failure of disinfection of medical equipment such as endoscopes, and emphasizes the importance of cleaning endoscopes prior to disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Akinbobola
- Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - N J Amaeze
- Institute of Healthcare, Policy and Practice, School of Health, Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
| | - W G Mackay
- Institute of Healthcare, Policy and Practice, School of Health, Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
| | - G Ramage
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - C Williams
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Lancaster Infirmary, Lancaster, UK.
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Daboor SM, Rohde JR, Cheng Z. Disruption of the extracellular polymeric network of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms by alginate lyase enhances pathogen eradication by antibiotics. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 20:264-270. [PMID: 32482592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa forms antibiotic-resistant biofilms that are responsible for the treatment failure or relapses of the bacterial infections in the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The alginate lyases that target extracellular polysaccharide alginate of P. aeruginosa biofilms are promising therapeutic candidates for treatment of P. aeruginosa biofilm infections. METHODS Immunofluorescent staining and thin layer chromatography were used to demonstrate the alginolytic activity of the alginate lyase enzyme (AlyP1400) purified from a marine Pseudoalteromonas bacterium. Anti-biofilm activities of AlyP1400 were tested alone or in combination with antibiotics on the biofilms of a mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate CF27 that were cultivated in 96-well plates and a flow cell. RESULTS We showed that AlyP1400 facilitated antibiotic activities to eliminate CF27 biofilms. The combination of AlyP1400 with antibiotics reduced the biofilm biomass and boosted bactericidal activity of antibiotics. Importantly, we demonstrated that the enzymatic activity of AlyP1400 was required for its biofilm disruption activity and its synergy with antibiotics to eradicate biofilm cells. CONCLUSION This work shed new light on the potential mechanisms of the therapeutic activity for the combinational use of alginate lyase and antibiotics to treat P. aeruginosa infections in CF lungs or other P. aeruginosa biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said M Daboor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada; National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt
| | - John R Rohde
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Zhenyu Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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10
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Hu L, Shi Y, Xu Q, Zhang L, He J, Jiang Y, Liu L, Leptihn S, Yu Y, Hua X, Zhou Z. Capsule Thickness, Not Biofilm Formation, Gives Rise to Mucoid Acinetobacter baumannii Phenotypes That are More Prevalent in Long-Term Infections: A Study of Clinical Isolates from a Hospital in China. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:99-109. [PMID: 32021324 PMCID: PMC6957007 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s230178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen of critical importance due to the increasing numbers of antibiotic-resistant isolates. Colonies can have a smooth or matt appearance, but also exhibit slimy, mucoid growth, with the latter being increasingly isolated in patients in recent years. Methods We isolated 60 A. baumannii strains from altogether 56 patients and found that all patients were infected by mucoid strains, with four patients having also matt phenotypes in addition to the mucoid ones. The morphology of the colonies and capsules was observed. The antibiotics susceptibilities were tested, and the biofilm formation ability was determined by crystal violet staining. The whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on all the strains, and then the core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) and drug resistance gene analysis were performed. Finally, a part of isolates were selected to test virulence in a Galleria mellonella model. Results We observed much larger capsules in the mucoid strains compared to the matt isolates. But the mucoid phenotype did not correlate with the amount of biofilm produced by the strain. Almost all mucus-type A. baumannii were multi-drug resistant isolates, containing various antibiotic resistance genes. The main ST types of mucoid-type A.baumannii were ST191 and ST195, of which ST191 isolates were more virulence, while ST195 isolates were weaker. Conclusion The mucoid A. baumannii had resistance to most antibiotics and some strains had high virulence, which should be paid attention in clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hangzhou General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingye Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jintao He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lilin Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sebastian Leptihn
- Zhejiang-University-University of Edinburgh Institute, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunsong Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Hua
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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11
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Elucidation of a Unique Pattern and the Role of Carbohydrate Binding Module of an Alginate Lyase. Mar Drugs 2019; 18:md18010032. [PMID: 31905894 PMCID: PMC7024192 DOI: 10.3390/md18010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharides with different degrees of polymerization (DPs) possess diverse physiological activities. Therefore, in recent years, increasing attention has been drawn to the use of enzymes for the preparation of alginate oligosaccharides for food and industrial applications. Previously, we identified and characterized a novel bifunctional alginate lyase Aly7A, which can specifically release trisaccharide from three different substrate types with a unique degradation pattern. Herein, we investigated its degradation pattern by modular truncation and molecular docking. The results suggested that Aly7A adopted a unique action mode towards different substrates with the substrate chain sliding into the binding pocket of the catalytic domain to position the next trisaccharide for cleavage. Deletion of the Aly7A carbohydrate binding module (CBM) domain resulted in a complex distribution of degradation products and no preference for trisaccharide formation, indicating that the CBM may act as a “controller” during the trisaccharide release process. This study further testifies CBM as a regulator of product distribution and provides new insights into well-defined generation of alginate oligosaccharides with associated CBMs.
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12
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Banar M, Emaneini M, Beigverdi R, Fanaei Pirlar R, Node Farahani N, van Leeuwen WB, Jabalameli F. The efficacy of lyticase and β-glucosidase enzymes on biofilm degradation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains with different gene profiles. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:291. [PMID: 31830915 PMCID: PMC6909625 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a nosocomial pathogen that causes severe infections in immunocompromised patients. Biofilm plays a significant role in the resistance of this bacterium and complicates the treatment of its infections. In this study, the effect of lyticase and β-glucosidase enzymes on the degradation of biofilms of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from cystic fibrosis and burn wound infections were assessed. Moreover, the decrease of ceftazidime minimum biofilm eliminating concentrations (MBEC) after enzymatic treatment was evaluated. Results This study demonstrated the effectiveness of both enzymes in degrading the biofilms of P. aeruginosa. In contrast to the lyticase enzyme, β-glucosidase reduced the ceftazidime MBECs significantly (P < 0.05). Both enzymes had no cytotoxic effect on the A-549 human lung carcinoma epithelial cell lines and A-431 human epidermoid carcinoma cell lines. Conclusion Considering the characteristics of the β-glucosidase enzyme, which includes the notable degradation of P. aeruginosa biofilms and a significant decrease in the ceftazidime MBECs and non-toxicity for eukaryotic cells, this enzyme can be a promising therapeutic candidate for degradation of biofilms in burn wound patients, but further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Banar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Emaneini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Beigverdi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rima Fanaei Pirlar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Node Farahani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Willem B van Leeuwen
- Leiden Centre for Applied Bioscience, University of Applied Sciences Leiden, 2333CR, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Fereshteh Jabalameli
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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14
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Boi S, Dellacasa E, Bianchini P, Petrini P, Pastorino L, Monticelli O. Encapsulated functionalized stereocomplex PLA particles: An effective system to support mucolytic enzymes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 179:190-198. [PMID: 30959231 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the preparation of a novel enzyme carrier based on a polymer multicomponent system was assessed. Indeed, the design of the above system considered several issues that are the need of applying a biodegradable polymer carrier, characterized by a nanometric dimension, thus suitable to diffuse into the dense mucus structure, with functionalities capable of interacting/reacting with enzymes but resistant to enzymatic degradation. The particles were prepared from solutions containing equimolar amount of high-molecular-weight poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(D-lactide) (PDLA) and by applying the nanoprecipitation method. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements allowed to establish the optimal preparation conditions to obtain polymer particles characterized by diameters lower than 1 μm, which dimensions were confirmed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) analysis. In order to produce surface functionalization, necessary for anchoring enzymes, the stereocomplexed particles, whose structuration was confirmed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measurements, underwent an amminolysis reaction by using a diamine as reactant. The treated particles were characterized by means of FE-SEM, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), DLS and zeta potential measurements and their characteristics were compared with those of the neat PLLA/PDLA particles. The degree of functionalization turned out to depend on the applied conditions, it increasing by enhancing the reaction time. The activity of enzymes, i.e. papain and alginate lyase, anchored to the particles, was evaluated by Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) and UV measurements. Moreover, with the aim at exploiting the material for an inhalation administration, a method to encapsulate the enzyme-particles systems was assessed. Conversely to free enzymes, the developed systems were found to be capable of diminishing the viscosity of two hydrogels, ad hoc prepared and based on the main constituents of the real mucus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Boi
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, Via all'Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Dellacasa
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, Via all'Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Bianchini
- Nanoscopy and NIC, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Petrini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering 'G. Natta', UdR INSTM Milano Politecnico, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Pastorino
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, Via all'Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Orietta Monticelli
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genoa, Italy.
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15
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Merakou C, Schaefers MM, Priebe GP. Progress Toward the Elusive Pseudomonas aeruginosa Vaccine. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2018; 19:757-768. [PMID: 30388058 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2018.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The gram-negative bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes a wide range of infections, mostly in hospitalized and immunocompromised patients, those with burns, surgical wounds, or combat-related wounds, and in people with cystic fibrosis. The increasing antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa confers a pressing need for vaccines, yet there are no P. aeruginosa vaccines approved for human use, and recent promising candidates have failed in large clinical trials. Discussion: In this review, we summarize recent clinical trials and pre-clinical studies of P. aeruginosa vaccines and provide a suggested framework for the makeup of a future successful vaccine. Murine models of infection suggest that antibodies, specifically opsonophagocytic killing antibodies (OPK), antitoxin antibodies, and anti-attachment antibodies, combined with T cell immunity, specifically TH17 responses, are needed for broad and potent protection against P. aeruginosa infection. A better understanding of the human immune response to P. aeruginosa infections, and to vaccine candidates, will eventually pave the way to a successful vaccine for this wily pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Merakou
- 1 Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew M Schaefers
- 1 Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gregory P Priebe
- 1 Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
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16
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Tavafi H, Ali AA, Ghadam P, Gharavi S. Screening, cloning and expression of a novel alginate lyase gene from P. aeruginosa TAG 48 and its antibiofilm effects on P. aeruginosa biofilm. Microb Pathog 2018; 124:356-364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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17
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Thorn CR, Prestidge CA, Boyd BJ, Thomas N. Pseudomonas Infection Responsive Liquid Crystals for Glycoside Hydrolase and Antibiotic Combination. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:281-288. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea R. Thorn
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, and ARC Centre for Excellence in Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, North Tce, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- Biofilm Test Facility, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, City East Campus, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Clive A. Prestidge
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, and ARC Centre for Excellence in Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, North Tce, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Ben J. Boyd
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, and ARC Centre for Excellence in Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Nicky Thomas
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, and ARC Centre for Excellence in Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, North Tce, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- Biofilm Test Facility, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, City East Campus, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
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18
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Powell LC, Pritchard MF, Ferguson EL, Powell KA, Patel SU, Rye PD, Sakellakou SM, Buurma NJ, Brilliant CD, Copping JM, Menzies GE, Lewis PD, Hill KE, Thomas DW. Targeted disruption of the extracellular polymeric network of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms by alginate oligosaccharides. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2018; 4:13. [PMID: 29977590 PMCID: PMC6026129 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-018-0056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of a mucoid phenotype by Pseudomonas sp. in the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, with subsequent over-production of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), plays an important role in mediating the persistence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) infections. The ability of a low molecular weight (Mn = 3200 g mol−1) alginate oligomer (OligoG CF-5/20) to modify biofilm structure of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NH57388A) was studied in vitro using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) with Texas Red (TxRd®)-labelled OligoG and EPS histochemical staining. Structural changes in treated biofilms were quantified using COMSTAT image-analysis software of CLSM z-stack images, and nanoparticle diffusion. Interactions between the oligomers, Ca2+ and DNA were studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Imaging demonstrated that OligoG treatment (≥0.5%) inhibited biofilm formation, revealing a significant reduction in both biomass and biofilm height (P < 0.05). TxRd®-labelled oligomers readily diffused into established (24 h) biofilms. OligoG treatment (≥2%) induced alterations in the EPS of established biofilms; significantly reducing the structural quantities of EPS polysaccharides, and extracellular (e)DNA (P < 0.05) with a corresponding increase in nanoparticle diffusion (P < 0.05) and antibiotic efficacy against established biofilms. ITC demonstrated an absence of rapid complex formation between DNA and OligoG and confirmed the interactions of OligoG with Ca2+ evident in FTIR and MD modelling. The ability of OligoG to diffuse into biofilms, potentiate antibiotic activity, disrupt DNA-Ca2+-DNA bridges and biofilm EPS matrix highlights its potential for the treatment of biofilm-related infections. Small carbohydrate molecules derived from marine algae show potential for inhibiting biofilm formation in multi-drug resistant infections. A research team led by Lydia Powell at Cardiff University, UK, investigated the action of carbohydrates called alginate oligosaccharides, composed of a small number of linked sugar molecules. The oligosaccharides modified and disrupted the structure of cultured biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the cause of many serious drug resistant infections. This effect significantly inhibited the formation and maintenance of the biofilm state, which is known to be a crucial factor allowing the bacteria to resist drug treatment. Antibiotics proved more effective following the oligosaccharide intervention. The researchers uncovered key molecular details involved in the ability of the oligosaccharides to diffuse into and disrupt biofilms. The therapeutic potential of these small carbohydrates is currently being investigated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia C Powell
- 1Advanced Therapies Group, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XY UK
| | - Manon F Pritchard
- 1Advanced Therapies Group, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XY UK
| | - Elaine L Ferguson
- 1Advanced Therapies Group, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XY UK
| | - Kate A Powell
- 1Advanced Therapies Group, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XY UK
| | - Shree U Patel
- 1Advanced Therapies Group, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XY UK
| | | | | | - Niklaas J Buurma
- 3Physical Organic Chemistry Centre, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Jack M Copping
- 4Respiratory Diagnostics Group, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Paul D Lewis
- 4Respiratory Diagnostics Group, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Katja E Hill
- 1Advanced Therapies Group, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XY UK
| | - David W Thomas
- 1Advanced Therapies Group, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XY UK
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19
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Thuptimdang P, Limpiyakorn T, Khan E. Dependence of toxicity of silver nanoparticles on Pseudomonas putida biofilm structure. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 188:199-207. [PMID: 28886554 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Susceptibility of biofilms with different physical structures to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was studied. Biofilms of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 were formed in batch conditions under different carbon sources (glucose, glutamic acid, and citrate), glucose concentrations (5 and 50 mM), and incubation temperatures (25 and 30 °C). The biofilms were observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy for their physical characteristics (biomass amount, thickness, biomass volume, surface to volume ratio, and roughness coefficient). The biofilms forming under different growth conditions exhibited different physical structures. The biofilm thickness and the roughness coefficient were found negatively and positively correlated with the biofilm susceptibility to AgNPs, respectively. The effect of AgNPs on biofilms was low (1-log reduction of cell number) when the biofilms had high biomass amount, high thickness, high biomass volume, low surface to volume ratio, and low roughness coefficient. Furthermore, the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) stripping process was applied to confirm the dependence of susceptibility to AgNPs on the structure of biofilm. After the EPS stripping process, the biofilms forming under different conditions showed reduction in thickness and biomass volume, and increases in surface to volume ratio and roughness coefficient, which led to more biofilm susceptibility to AgNPs. The results of this study suggest that controlling the growth conditions to alter the biofilm physical structure is a possible approach to reduce the impact of AgNPs on biofilms in engineered and natural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pumis Thuptimdang
- International Program in Hazardous Substance and Environmental Management, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Tawan Limpiyakorn
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Research Program in Hazardous Substance Management in Agricultural Industry, Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Research Unit Control of Emerging Micropollutants in Environment, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA.
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20
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Al-Wrafy F, Brzozowska E, Górska S, Gamian A. Pathogenic factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa – the role of biofilm in pathogenicity and as a target for phage therapy. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2017; 71:78-91. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.3792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
<i>Pseudomonas</i> aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause several acute and chronic infections in humans, and it has become an important cause of nosocomial infections and antibiotic resistance. Biofilm represents an important virulence factor for these bacteria, plays a role in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infections and avoidance of immune defence mechanisms, and has the ability to protect the bacteria from antibiotics. Alginate, Psl and Pel, three exopolysaccharides, are the main components in biofilm matrix, with many biological functions attributed to them, especially with respect to the protection of the bacterial cell from antibiotics and the immune system. <i>Pseudomonas</i> infections, biofilm formation and development of resistance to antibiotics all require better understanding to achieve the best results using alternative treatment with phage therapy. This review describes the <i>P. aeruginosa</i> pathogenicity and virulence factors with a special focus on the biofilm and its role in infection and resistance to antibiotics and summarizes phage therapy as an alternative approach in treatment of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fairoz Al-Wrafy
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland; Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Ewa Brzozowska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Sabina Górska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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