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Nealon NJ, Worcester CR, Boyer SM, Haberecht HB, Ryan EP. Metabolite profiling and bioactivity guided fractionation of Lactobacillaceae and rice bran postbiotics for antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium growth suppression. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1362266. [PMID: 38659978 PMCID: PMC11040457 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1362266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotic-fermented supplements (postbiotics) are becoming increasingly explored for their activity against antibiotic-resistant enteropathogens. Prebiotics are often incorporated into postbiotics to enhance their efficacy, but due to strain differences in probiotic activity, postbiotic antimicrobial effects are poorly understood. To improve postbiotic antimicrobial efficacy, we investigated and compared metabolite profiles of postbiotics prepared with three lactic acid bacteria strains (L. fermentum, L. paracasei, and L. rhamnosus) cultured with and without rice bran, a globally abundant, rich source of prebiotics. At their minimum inhibitory dose, L. fermentum and L. paracasei postbiotics + rice bran suppressed S. Typhimurium growth 42-55% more versus their respective probiotic-alone postbiotics. The global, non-targeted metabolome of these postbiotics identified 109 metabolites increased in L. fermentum and L. paracasei rice bran postbiotics, including 49 amino acids, 20 lipids, and 12 phytochemicals metabolites. To identify key metabolite contributors to postbiotic antimicrobial activity, bioactivity-guided fractionation was applied to L. fermentum and L. paracasei rice bran-fermented postbiotics. Fractionation resulted in four L. fermentum and seven L. paracasei fractions capable of suppressing S. Typhimurium growth more effectively versus the negative control. These fractions were enriched in 15 metabolites that were significantly increased in the global metabolome of postbiotics prepared with rice bran versus postbiotic alone. These metabolites included imidazole propionate (enriched in L. fermentum + rice bran, 1.61-fold increase; L. paracasei + rice bran 1.28-fold increase), dihydroferulate (L. fermentum + rice bran, 5.18-fold increase), and linoleate (L. fermentum + rice bran, 1.82-fold increase; L. paracasei + rice bran, 3.19-fold increase), suggesting that they may be key metabolite drivers of S. Typhimurium growth suppression. Here, we show distinct mechanisms by which postbiotics prepared with lactic acid bacteria and rice bran produce metabolites with antimicrobial activity capable of suppressing S. Typhimurium growth. Probiotic strain differences contributing to postbiotic antimicrobial activity attract attention as adjunctive treatments against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Jean Nealon
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Colette R. Worcester
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Shea M. Boyer
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Hannah B. Haberecht
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth P. Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Junaid M, Lu H, Li Y, Liu Y, Din AU, Qi Z, Xiong Y, Yan J. Novel Synergistic Probiotic Intervention: Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Ameliorative Effects on Immunity, Gut Barrier, and Metabolism of Mice during Salmonella typhimurium Infection. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:435. [PMID: 38674370 PMCID: PMC11050207 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium), a prevalent cause of foodborne infection, induces significant changes in the host transcriptome and metabolome. The lack of therapeutics with minimal or no side effects prompts the scientific community to explore alternative therapies. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of a probiotic mixture comprising Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus 1.3251) and Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum 9513) against S. typhimurium, utilizing transcriptome and metabolomic analyses, a novel approach that has not been previously documented. Twenty-four SPF-BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: control negative group (CNG); positive control group (CPG); probiotic-supplemented non-challenged group (LAPG); and probiotic-supplemented Salmonella-challenged group (LAPST). An RNA-sequencing analysis of small intestinal (ileum) tissue revealed 2907 upregulated and 394 downregulated DEGs in the LAPST vs. CPG group. A functional analysis of DEGs highlighted their significantly altered gene ontology (GO) terms related to metabolism, gut integrity, cellular development, and immunity (p ≤ 0.05). The KEGG analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the LAPST group were primarily involved in pathways related to gut integrity, immunity, and metabolism, such as MAPK, PI3K-Akt, AMPK, the tryptophan metabolism, the glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, ECM-receptor interaction, and others. Additionally, the fecal metabolic analysis identified 1215 upregulated and 305 downregulated metabolites in the LAPST vs. CPG group, implying their involvement in KEGG pathways including bile secretion, propanoate metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and protein digestion and absorption, which are vital for maintaining barrier integrity, immunity, and metabolism. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the administration of a probiotic mixture improves immunity, maintains gut homeostasis and barrier integrity, and enhances metabolism in Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.J.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Hongyu Lu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.J.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Yixiang Li
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.J.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Yu Liu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.J.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Ahmad Ud Din
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Zhongquan Qi
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.J.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Yi Xiong
- Guangxi Center for Animals Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.J.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.Q.)
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Cheirsilp B, Mekpan W, Sae-ear N, Billateh A, Boukaew S. Enhancing Functional Properties of Fermented Rice Cake by Using Germinated Black Glutinous Rice, Probiotic Yeast, and Enzyme Technology. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02985-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Hove PR, Nealon NJ, Chan SHJ, Boyer SM, Haberecht HB, Ryan EP. Integrated Profiling of Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Probiotic Genomes, Proteomes and Metabolomes Revealed Small Molecules with Differential Growth Inhibition of Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens. J Diet Suppl 2022; 20:788-810. [PMID: 36099186 PMCID: PMC10008781 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2022.2120146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics produce small molecules that may serve as alternatives to conventional antibiotics by suppressing growth of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) pathogens. The objective of this study was to identify and examine antimicrobials produced and secreted by probiotics using 'omics' profiling with computer-based metabolic flux analyses. The cell-free supernatant of Gram-positive Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli Nissle (ECN) probiotics inhibited growth of AMR Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella oxytoca ranging between 28.85 - 41.20% (LGG) and 11.48 - 29.45% (ECN). A dose dependent analysis of probiotic supernatants showed LGG was 6.27% to 20.55% more effective at reducing AMR pathogen growth when compared to ECN. Principal component analysis showed clear separation of ECN and LGG cell free supernatant metabolomes. Among 667 metabolites in the supernatant, 304 were differentially abundant between LGG and ECN probiotics. Proteomics identified 87 proteins, whereby 67 (ECN) and 14 (LGG) showed differential expression as enzymes related to carbohydrate and energy metabolic pathways. The whole genomes and metabolomes were next used for in-silico metabolic network analysis. The model predicted the production of 166 metabolites by LGG and ECN probiotics across amino acid, carbohydrate/energy, and nucleotide metabolism with antimicrobial functions. The predictive accuracy of the metabolic flux analysis highlights the novel utility for profiling probiotic supplements as dietary-based antimicrobial alternatives in the control of AMR pathogen growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petronella R. Hove
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Nora Jean Nealon
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University. Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Siu Hung Joshua Chan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Shea M. Boyer
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University. Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Hannah B. Haberecht
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University. Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth P. Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University. Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Yao W, Gong Y, Li L, Hu X, You L. The effects of dietary fibers from rice bran and wheat bran on gut microbiota: An overview. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100252. [PMID: 35498986 PMCID: PMC9040006 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of DFs are related to their digestive behaviors. DFs are degraded in the intestines due to the fermentation of gut microbiota. DFs and their metabolites exert beneficial effects on gut microbiota. The fermentation of DFs improve gut barrier function and immune function.
Whole grain is the primary food providing abundant dietary fibers (DFs) in the human diet. DFs from rice bran and wheat bran have been well documented in modulating gut microbiota. This review aims to summarize the physicochemical properties and digestive behaviors of DFs from rice bran and wheat bran and their effects on host gut microbiota. The physicochemical properties of DFs are closely related to their fermentability and digestive behaviors. DFs from rice bran and wheat bran modulate specific bacteria and promote SAFCs-producing bacteria to maintain host health. Moreover, their metabolites stimulate the production of mucus-associated bacteria to enhance the intestinal barrier and regulate the immune system. They also reduce the level of related inflammatory cytokines and regulate Tregs activation. Therefore, DFs from rice bran and wheat bran will serve as prebiotics, and diets rich in whole grain will be a biotherapeutic strategy for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanzi Yao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Yufeng Gong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Laihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Lijun You
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
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Seyoum Y, Humblot C, Baxter BA, Nealon NJ, Weber AM, Ryan EP. Metabolomics of Rice Bran Differentially Impacted by Fermentation With Six Probiotics Demonstrates Key Nutrient Changes for Enhancing Gut Health. Front Nutr 2022; 8:795334. [PMID: 35252285 PMCID: PMC8888422 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.795334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of rice bran has been shown to have a positive effect on nutritional status and prevention of chronic diseases related to hundreds of metabolites with bioactivity. Consumption after fermentation can lead to specific beneficial effects, yet is lacking complete characterization when fermented with diverse strains. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of fermentation on the rice bran metabolite profile. Bacterial probiotics (Bifidobacterium longum, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and, Escherichia coli) were used to ferment rice bran alone or after incubation with yeast probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii. Fermented rice bran was methanol extracted and analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. The metabolome of the two fermentation types was deeply modified when compared with non-fermented rice bran. The two-step fermentation provided alternative substrate to the bacteria in a few cases. Key metabolites of high nutritional value (essential amino acids, vitamins) and gut health (arabinose, maltotriose) were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Seyoum
- Center for Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- QualiSud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de la Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Christèle Humblot
- QualiSud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de la Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Bridget A. Baxter
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Nora Jean Nealon
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Annika M. Weber
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth P. Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- *Correspondence: Elizabeth P. Ryan
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Evdokimova SA, Nokhaeva VS, Karetkin BA, Guseva EV, Khabibulina NV, Kornienko MA, Grosheva VD, Menshutina NV, Shakir IV, Panfilov VI. A Study on the Synbiotic Composition of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Fructans from Arctium lappa Roots and Helianthus tuberosus Tubers against Staphylococcus aureus. Microorganisms 2021; 9:930. [PMID: 33926121 PMCID: PMC8146412 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of mechanisms have been proposed explaining probiotics and prebiotics benefit human health, in particular, probiotics have a suppression effect on pathogen growth that can be enhanced with the introduction of prebiotics. In vitro models enhanced with computational biology can be useful for selecting a composition with prebiotics from new plant sources with the greatest synergism. Water extracts from burdock root and Jerusalem artichoke tubers were purified by ultrafiltration and activated charcoal and concentrated on a rotary evaporator. Fructans were precipitated with various concentrations of ethanol. Bifidobacterium bifidum 8 VKPM AC-2136 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 strains were applied to estimate the synbiotic effect. The growth of bifidobacteria and staphylococci in monocultures and cocultures in broths with glucose, commercial prebiotics, as well as isolated fructans were studied. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of lactic and acetic acids for the Staphylococcus strain were determined. A quantitative model joining the formation of organic acids by probiotics as antagonism factors and the MICs of pathogens (as the measure of their inhibition) was tested in cocultures and showed a high predictive value (R2 ≥ 0.86). The synbiotic factor obtained from the model was calculated based on the experimental data and obtained constants. Fructans precipitated with 20% ethanol and Bifidobacterium bifidum have the greater synergism against Staphylococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A. Evdokimova
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Industrial Ecology, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.E.); (V.S.N.); (N.V.K.); (V.D.G.); (I.V.S.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Vera S. Nokhaeva
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Industrial Ecology, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.E.); (V.S.N.); (N.V.K.); (V.D.G.); (I.V.S.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Boris A. Karetkin
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Industrial Ecology, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.E.); (V.S.N.); (N.V.K.); (V.D.G.); (I.V.S.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Elena V. Guseva
- Department of Cybernetics of Chemical Technological Processes, Faculty of Digital Technologies and Chemical Engineering, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.G.); (N.V.M.)
| | - Natalia V. Khabibulina
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Industrial Ecology, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.E.); (V.S.N.); (N.V.K.); (V.D.G.); (I.V.S.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Maria A. Kornienko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Veronika D. Grosheva
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Industrial Ecology, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.E.); (V.S.N.); (N.V.K.); (V.D.G.); (I.V.S.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Natalia V. Menshutina
- Department of Cybernetics of Chemical Technological Processes, Faculty of Digital Technologies and Chemical Engineering, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.G.); (N.V.M.)
| | - Irina V. Shakir
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Industrial Ecology, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.E.); (V.S.N.); (N.V.K.); (V.D.G.); (I.V.S.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Victor I. Panfilov
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Industrial Ecology, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.E.); (V.S.N.); (N.V.K.); (V.D.G.); (I.V.S.); (V.I.P.)
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Vieira KCDO, Silva HRAD, Rocha IPM, Barboza E, Eller LKW. Foodborne pathogens in the omics era. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6726-6741. [PMID: 33783282 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1905603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Outbreaks and deaths related to Foodborne Diseases (FBD) occur constantly in the world, as a result of the consumption of contaminated foodstuffs with pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp, Clostridium spp. and Campylobacter spp. The purpose of this review is to discuss the main omic techniques applied in foodborne pathogen and to demonstrate their functionalities through the food chain and to guarantee the food safety. The main techniques presented are genomic, transcriptomic, secretomic, proteomic, and metabolomic, which together, in the field of food and nutrition, are known as "Foodomics." This review had highlighted the potential of omics to integrate variables that contribute to food safety and to enable us to understand their application on foodborne diseases. The appropriate use of these techniques had driven the definition of critical parameters to achieve successful results in the improvement of consumers health, costs and to obtain safe and high-quality products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Barboza
- Health Sciences Faculty, University of Western Sao Paulo, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Santos MCB, Barouh N, Durand E, Baréa B, Robert M, Micard V, Lullien-Pellerin V, Villeneuve P, Cameron LC, Ryan EP, Ferreira MSL, Bourlieu-Lacanal C. Metabolomics of Pigmented Rice Coproducts Applying Conventional or Deep Eutectic Extraction Solvents Reveal a Potential Antioxidant Source for Human Nutrition. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020110. [PMID: 33671946 PMCID: PMC7919034 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice bran (RB) corresponds to the outer layers of whole grain rice and contains several phenolic compounds (PCs) that make it an interesting functional food ingredient. PC richness is enhanced in pigmented RB varieties and requires effective ways of extraction of these compounds. Therefore, we investigated conventional and deep eutectic solvents (DES) extraction methods to recover a wide array of PCs from red and black RB. The RB were extracted with ethanol/water (60:40, v/v) and two DES (choline chloride/1.2-propanediol/water, 1:1:1 and choline chloride/lactic acid, 1:10, mole ratios), based on Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) components. Besides the quantification of the most typical phenolic acids of cereals, nontargeted metabolomic approaches were applied to PCs profiling in the extracts. Globally, metabolomics revealed 89 PCs belonging to flavonoids (52%), phenolic acids (33%), other polyphenols (8%), lignans (6%) and stilbenes (1%) classes. All extracts, whatever the solvents, were highly concentrated in the main phenolic acids found in cereals (37–66 mg/100 g in black RB extracts vs. 6–20 mg/100 g in red RB extracts). However, the PC profile was highly dependent on the extraction solvent and specific PCs were extracted using the acidic DES. The PC-enriched DES extracts demonstrated interesting DPPH scavenging activity, which makes them candidates for novel antioxidant formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millena Cristina Barros Santos
- LabBio, Laboratory of Bioactives, Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, PPGAN, Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, Brazil;
- IMasS-LBP, Center of Innovation in MS-Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, Brazil;
| | - Nathalie Barouh
- CIRAD, UMR IATE, 34398 Montpellier, France; (N.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.); (M.R.); (P.V.)
- IATE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34000 Montpellier, France; (V.M.); (V.L.-P.)
| | - Erwann Durand
- CIRAD, UMR IATE, 34398 Montpellier, France; (N.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.); (M.R.); (P.V.)
- IATE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34000 Montpellier, France; (V.M.); (V.L.-P.)
| | - Bruno Baréa
- CIRAD, UMR IATE, 34398 Montpellier, France; (N.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.); (M.R.); (P.V.)
- IATE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34000 Montpellier, France; (V.M.); (V.L.-P.)
| | - Mélina Robert
- CIRAD, UMR IATE, 34398 Montpellier, France; (N.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.); (M.R.); (P.V.)
- IATE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34000 Montpellier, France; (V.M.); (V.L.-P.)
| | - Valérie Micard
- IATE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34000 Montpellier, France; (V.M.); (V.L.-P.)
| | | | - Pierre Villeneuve
- CIRAD, UMR IATE, 34398 Montpellier, France; (N.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.); (M.R.); (P.V.)
- IATE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34000 Montpellier, France; (V.M.); (V.L.-P.)
| | - Luiz Claudio Cameron
- IMasS-LBP, Center of Innovation in MS-Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, Brazil;
| | - Elizabeth P. Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Mariana Simões Larraz Ferreira
- LabBio, Laboratory of Bioactives, Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, PPGAN, Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, Brazil;
- IMasS-LBP, Center of Innovation in MS-Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (M.S.L.F.); (C.B.-L.); Tel.: +55-21-25427269 (M.S.L.F.); +33-(0)-4-67-61-49-77 (C.B.-L.)
| | - Claire Bourlieu-Lacanal
- CIRAD, UMR IATE, 34398 Montpellier, France; (N.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.); (M.R.); (P.V.)
- IATE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34000 Montpellier, France; (V.M.); (V.L.-P.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.L.F.); (C.B.-L.); Tel.: +55-21-25427269 (M.S.L.F.); +33-(0)-4-67-61-49-77 (C.B.-L.)
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Nealon NJ, Parker KD, Lahaie P, Ibrahim H, Maurya AK, Raina K, Ryan EP. Bifidobacterium longum-fermented rice bran and rice bran supplementation affects the gut microbiome and metabolome. Benef Microbes 2019; 10:823-839. [PMID: 31965839 DOI: 10.3920/bm2019.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated gut microbiota composition along with food, host, and microbial derived metabolites in the colon and systemic circulation of healthy mice following dietary rice bran and fermented rice bran intake. Adult male BALB/c mice were fed a control diet or one of two experimental diets containing 10% w/w rice bran fermented by Bifidobacterium longum or 10% w/w non-fermented rice bran for 15 weeks. Metabolomics was performed on the study diets (food), the murine colon and whole blood. These were analysed in concert with 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of faeces, caecum, and colon microbiomes. Principal components analysis of murine microbiota composition displayed marked separation between control and experimental diets, and between faecal and tissue (caecum and colon) microbiomes. Colon and caecal microbiomes in both experimental diet groups showed enrichment of Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae, and Clostridiales related amplicon sequence variants compared to control. Bacterial composition was largely similar between experimental diets. Metabolite profiling revealed 530 small molecules comprising of 39% amino acids and 21% lipids that had differential abundances across food, colon, and blood matrices, and statistically significant between the control, rice bran, and fermented rice bran groups. The amino acid metabolite, N-delta-acetylornithine, was notably increased by B. longum rice bran fermentation when compared to non-fermented rice bran in food, colon, and blood. These findings support that dietary intake of rice bran fermented with B. longum modulates multiple metabolic pathways important to the gut and overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Nealon
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80521 CO, USA
| | - K D Parker
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - P Lahaie
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - H Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA.,Zagazig University, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, 44511 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - A K Maurya
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - K Raina
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - E P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80521 CO, USA.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, Division of Cancer Control and Prevention, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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11
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Wilmanski T, Rappaport N, Earls JC, Magis AT, Manor O, Lovejoy J, Omenn GS, Hood L, Gibbons SM, Price ND. Blood metabolome predicts gut microbiome α-diversity in humans. Nat Biotechnol 2019; 37:1217-1228. [PMID: 31477923 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-019-0233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Depleted gut microbiome α-diversity is associated with several human diseases, but the extent to which this is reflected in the host molecular phenotype is poorly understood. We attempted to predict gut microbiome α-diversity from ~1,000 blood analytes (laboratory tests, proteomics and metabolomics) in a cohort enrolled in a consumer wellness program (N = 399). Although 77 standard clinical laboratory tests and 263 plasma proteins could not accurately predict gut α-diversity, we found that 45% of the variance in α-diversity was explained by a subset of 40 plasma metabolites (13 of the 40 of microbial origin). The prediction capacity of these 40 metabolites was confirmed in a separate validation cohort (N = 540) and across disease states, showing that our findings are robust. Several of the metabolite biomarkers that are reported here are linked with cardiovascular disease, diabetes and kidney function. Associations between host metabolites and gut microbiome α-diversity were modified in those with extreme obesity (body mass index ≥ 35), suggesting metabolic perturbation. The ability of the blood metabolome to predict gut microbiome α-diversity could pave the way to the development of clinical tests for monitoring gut microbial health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrew T Magis
- Arivale, Seattle, WA, USA.,Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Lovejoy
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA.,Arivale, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gilbert S Omenn
- Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Leroy Hood
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Sean M Gibbons
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA. .,eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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12
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Bodie AR, Micciche AC, Atungulu GG, Rothrock MJ, Ricke SC. Current Trends of Rice Milling Byproducts for Agricultural Applications and Alternative Food Production Systems. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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13
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Schwerdtfeger LA, Nealon NJ, Ryan EP, Tobet SA. Human colon function ex vivo: Dependence on oxygen and sensitivity to antibiotic. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217170. [PMID: 31095647 PMCID: PMC6522050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human intestines contain a heterogeneous collection of cells that include immune, neural and epithelial elements interacting in a highly complex physiology that is challenging to maintain ex vivo. There is an extreme oxygen gradient across the intestinal wall due in part to microbiota in the lumen and close to the gut wall, which complicates the design of tissue culture systems. The current study established the use of an organotypic slice model of human intestinal tissue derived from colonoscopy biopsies to study host-microbial interactions after antibiotic treatment, and the influence of oxygen concentration on gut wall function. Methods Organotypic slices from human colon biopsies collected during routine colonoscopy provided three-dimensional environments that maintained cellular morphology ex vivo. Biopsy slices were used to study impacts of oxygen concentrations and antibiotic treatments on epithelial proliferation rates, and metabolites from tissue culture supernatants. Results Immune function was validated via demonstration of a T lymphocyte response to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Following 24 h of Salmonella exposure there was a significant increase in CD3+ T-lymphocytes in biopsy slices. Metabolite profiling of tissue culture supernatants validated the influence of antibiotic treatment under varied oxygen culture conditions on both host and microbiome-mediated metabolism. Epithelial health was influenced by oxygen and antibiotic. Increased epithelial proliferation was measured in lowered oxygen conditions (1% = 5.9 mmHg) compared to atmospheric conditions standard at 5000 feet above sea level in Colorado (~17% = 100 mmHg). Antibiotic treatment reduced epithelial proliferation only in 5.9 mmHg oxygen cultured slices. Conclusions A human colon organotypic slice model was established for applications ranging from gut epithelial proliferation to enteric pathogen influence on mucosal immune functions ex vivo. The results further support the need to account for oxygen concentration in primary tissue cultures, and that antibiotic use impacts gut-microbe-immune interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A. Schwerdtfeger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Nora Jean Nealon
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth P. Ryan
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Stuart A. Tobet
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Zarei I, Luna E, Leach JE, McClung A, Vilchez S, Koita O, Ryan EP. Comparative Rice Bran Metabolomics across Diverse Cultivars and Functional Rice Gene⁻Bran Metabolite Relationships. Metabolites 2018; 8:metabo8040063. [PMID: 30304872 PMCID: PMC6315861 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8040063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) processing yields ~60 million metric tons of bran annually. Rice genes producing bran metabolites of nutritional and human health importance were assessed across 17 diverse cultivars from seven countries using non-targeted metabolomics, and resulted in 378–430 metabolites. Gambiaka cultivar had the highest number and Njavara had the lowest number of metabolites. The 71 rice bran compounds of significant variation by cultivar included 21 amino acids, seven carbohydrates, two metabolites from cofactors and vitamins, 33 lipids, six nucleotides, and two secondary metabolites. Tryptophan, α-ketoglutarate, γ-tocopherol/β-tocopherol, and γ-tocotrienol are examples of bran metabolites with extensive cultivar variation and genetic information. Thirty-four rice bran components that varied between cultivars linked to 535 putative biosynthetic genes using to the OryzaCyc 4.0, Plant Metabolic Network database. Rice genes responsible for bran composition with animal and human health importance is available for rice breeding programs to utilize in crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Zarei
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Emily Luna
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Jan E Leach
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Anna McClung
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA.
| | - Samuel Vilchez
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León (UNAN-León), León 21000, Nicaragua.
| | - Ousmane Koita
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Appliquée, Campus de Badalabougou, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, BP 1805 Bamako, Mali.
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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15
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Ricke SC. Impact of Prebiotics on Poultry Production and Food Safety. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 91:151-159. [PMID: 29955220 PMCID: PMC6020725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
With the phasing out of routine use of antibiotics in animal agriculture, interest has grown for the need to develop feed supplements that augment commercial poultry performance and provide food safety benefits. From a food safety perspective, alternative feed supplements can be broadly categorized as either agents which reduce or eliminate already colonized foodborne pathogens or prevent colonization of incoming pathogens. Prebiotics are considered preventative agents since they select for gastrointestinal microbiota which not only benefits the host but can serve as a barrier to pathogen colonization. In poultry, prebiotics can elicit both indirect effects on the bird by shifting the composition and fermentation patterns of the gastrointestinal microbiota or directly by influencing host systems such as immune responses. Generation of short chain fatty acids is believed to be a primary inhibitory mechanism against pathogens when prebiotics are fermented by gastrointestinal bacteria, but other mechanisms such as interference with attachment can occur as well. While most of the impact of the prebiotic is believed to occur in the lower parts of the bird gastrointestinal tract, particularly the ceca, it is possible that some microbial hydrolysis could occur in upper sections such as the crop. Development of next generation sequencing has increased the resolution of identifying gastrointestinal organisms that are involved in metabolism of prebiotics either directly or indirectly. Novel sources of non-digestible oligosaccharides such as cereal grain brans are being explored for potential use in poultry to limit Salmonella establishment. This review will cover the current applications and prospects for use of prebiotics in poultry to improve performance and limit pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C. Ricke
- Center of Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
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16
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Zarei I, Brown DG, Nealon NJ, Ryan EP. Rice Bran Metabolome Contains Amino Acids, Vitamins & Cofactors, and Phytochemicals with Medicinal and Nutritional Properties. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 10:24. [PMID: 28547736 PMCID: PMC5453916 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-017-0157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice bran is a functional food that has shown protection against major chronic diseases (e.g. obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer) in animals and humans, and these health effects have been associated with the presence of bioactive phytochemicals. Food metabolomics uses multiple chromatography and mass spectrometry platforms to detect and identify a diverse range of small molecules with high sensitivity and precision, and has not been completed for rice bran. RESULTS This study utilized global, non-targeted metabolomics to identify small molecules in rice bran, and conducted a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed literature to determine bioactive compounds. Three U.S. rice varieties (Calrose, Dixiebelle, and Neptune), that have been used for human dietary intervention trials, were assessed herein for bioactive compounds that have disease control and prevention properties. The profiling of rice bran by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified 453 distinct phytochemicals, 209 of which were classified as amino acids, cofactors & vitamins, and secondary metabolites, and were further assessed for bioactivity. A scientific literature search revealed 65 compounds with health properties, 16 of which had not been previously identified in rice bran. This suite of amino acids, cofactors & vitamins, and secondary metabolites comprised 46% of the identified rice bran metabolome, which substantially enhanced our knowledge of health-promoting rice bran compounds provided during dietary supplementation. CONCLUSION Rice bran metabolite profiling revealed a suite of biochemical molecules that can be further investigated and exploited for multiple nutritional therapies and medical food applications. These bioactive compounds may also be biomarkers of dietary rice bran intake. The medicinal compounds associated with rice bran can function as a network across metabolic pathways and this metabolite network may occur via additive and synergistic effects between compounds in the food matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Zarei
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, 1680 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food, College of Human Ecology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, 4031 Laguna Philippines
| | - Dustin G. Brown
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, 1680 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Nora Jean Nealon
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, 1680 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Elizabeth P. Ryan
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, 1680 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
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