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Beltrán-Martínez ME, Tapia-Rodríguez MR, Ayala-Zavala JF, Gómez-Álvarez A, Robles-Zepeda RE, Torres-Moreno H, de Rodríguez DJ, López-Romero JC. Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Potential of Flourensia retinophylla against Staphylococcus aureus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1671. [PMID: 38931103 PMCID: PMC11207523 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacteria with the greatest impact in the clinical area, due to the high rate of infections and deaths reaching every year. A previous scenario is associated with the bacteria's ability to develop resistance against conventional antibiotic therapies as well as biofilm formation. The above situation exhibits the necessity to reach new effective strategies against this pathogen. Flourensia retinophylla is a medicinal plant commonly used for bacterial infections treatments and has demonstrated antimicrobial effect, although its effect against S. aureus and bacterial biofilms has not been investigated. The purpose of this work was to analyze the antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential of F. retinophylla against S. aureus. The antimicrobial effect was determined using an ethanolic extract of F. retinophylla. The surface charge of the bacterial membrane, the K+ leakage and the effect on motility were determined. The ability to prevent and remove bacterial biofilms was analyzed in terms of bacterial biomass, metabolic activity and viability. The results showed that F. retinophylla presents inhibitory (MIC: 250 µg/mL) and bactericidal (MBC: 500 µg/mL) activity against S. aureus. The MIC extract increased the bacterial surface charge by 1.4 times and the K+ concentration in the extracellular medium by 60%. The MIC extract inhibited the motility process by 100%, 61% and 40% after 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. The MIC extract prevented the formation of biofilms by more than 80% in terms of biomass production and metabolic activity. An extract at 10 × MIC reduced the metabolic activity by 82% and the viability by ≈50% in preformed biofilms. The results suggest that F. retinophylla affects S. areus membrane and the process of biofilm formation and removal. This effect could set a precedent to use this plant as alternative for antimicrobial and disinfectant therapies to control infections caused by this pathogen. In addition, this shrub could be considered for carrying out a purification process in order to identify the compounds responsible for the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minerva Edith Beltrán-Martínez
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Colonia la Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico; (M.E.B.-M.); (J.F.A.-Z.)
| | - Melvin Roberto Tapia-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de Febrero 818 sur, Col. Centro, Ciudad Obregón 85000, Mexico;
| | - Jesús Fernando Ayala-Zavala
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera Gustavo Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Colonia la Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico; (M.E.B.-M.); (J.F.A.-Z.)
| | - Agustín Gómez-Álvarez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Metalurgia, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico;
| | | | - Heriberto Torres-Moreno
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Caborca 83600, Mexico;
| | | | - Julio César López-Romero
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Caborca 83600, Mexico;
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2
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Leitão MM, Vieira TF, Sousa SF, Borges F, Simões M, Borges A. Dual action of benzaldehydes: Inhibiting quorum sensing and enhancing antibiotic efficacy for controlling Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Microb Pathog 2024; 191:106663. [PMID: 38679246 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) has a central role in biofilm lifestyle and antimicrobial resistance, and disrupting these signaling pathways is a promising strategy to control bacterial pathogenicity and virulence. In this study, the efficacy of three structurally related benzaldehydes (4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (vanillin) and 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (syringaldehyde)) in disrupting the las and pqs systems of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated using bioreporter strains and computational simulations. Additionally, these benzaldehydes were combined with tobramycin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics to evaluate their ability to increase antibiotic efficacy in preventing and eradicating P. aeruginosa biofilms. To this end, the total biomass, metabolic activity and culturability of the biofilm cells were determined. In vitro assays results indicated that the aromatic aldehydes have potential to inhibit the las and pqs systems by > 80 %. Molecular docking studies supported these findings, revealing the aldehydes binding in the same pocket as the natural ligands or receptor proteins (LasR, PQSA, PQSE, PQSR). Benzaldehydes were shown to act as virulence factor attenuators, with vanillin achieving a 48 % reduction in pyocyanin production. The benzaldehyde-tobramycin combination led not only to a 60 % reduction in biomass production but also to a 90 % reduction in the metabolic activity of established biofilms. A similar result was observed when benzaldehydes were combined with ciprofloxacin. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde demonstrated relevant action in increasing biofilm susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, resulting in a 65 % reduction in biomass. This study discloses, for the first time, that the benzaldehydes studied are potent QS inhibitors and also enhancers of antibiotics antibiofilm activity against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel M Leitão
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALICE-Associate Laboratory for Innovation in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; CIQUP-IMS-Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tatiana F Vieira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, BioSIM-Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgio F Sousa
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, BioSIM-Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP-IMS-Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALICE-Associate Laboratory for Innovation in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; DEQ-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela Borges
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALICE-Associate Laboratory for Innovation in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; DEQ-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
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3
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Frota GA, Santos VOD, Rodrigues JFV, Oliveira BR, Albuquerque LB, Vasconcelos FRCD, Silva AC, Teixeira M, Brito ESD, Santos JMLD, Vieira LDS, Monteiro JP. Biological activity of cinnamaldehyde, citronellal, geraniol and anacardic acid on Haemonchus contortus isolates susceptible and resistant to synthetic anthelmintics. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2023; 32:e006023. [PMID: 37341288 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612023027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Parasitism by gastrointestinal nematodes is a challenge for small ruminant farming worldwide. It causes productive and economic losses, especially due to parasite resistance to conventional anthelmintics. Natural compounds with antiparasitic activity are a potential alternative for controlling these parasites especially when considering the widespread occurrence of anthelmintic resistance. Our objective was to evaluate the activity of anacardic acid, geraniol, cinnamaldehyde and citronellal on Haemonchus contortus isolates with different levels of anthelmintic resistance profiles. These compounds were tested using egg hatch assays (EHAs), larval development tests (LDTs) as well as LDTs on mini-fecal cultures, on the Haemonchus contortus isolates Kokstad (KOK-resistant to all anthelmintics), Inbred-Strain-Edinburgh (ISE-susceptible to all anthelmintics) and Echevarria (ECH-susceptible to all anthelmintics). Effective concentrations to inhibit 50% (EC50) and 95% (EC95) of egg hatching and larval development were calculated. Results for EHA and LDT for all tested compounds, considering EC50 and EC95 values, showed low variation among the studied isolates with most RF values below 2x. All studied compounds showed efficacy against egg hatching and larval development of H. contortus isolates regardless of anthelmintic resistance profiles. The compounds with the smallest EC50 and EC95 values were cinnamaldehyde and anacardic acid making them promising candidates for future in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracielle Araújo Frota
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú - UVA, Sobral, CE, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcel Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú - UVA, Sobral, CE, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
- Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Sobral, CE, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Jomar Patricio Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú - UVA, Sobral, CE, Brasil
- Centro Universitário Inta - UNINTA, Sobral, CE, Brasil
- Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Sobral, CE, Brasil
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Kang DD, Park J, Park Y. Therapeutic Potential of Antimicrobial Peptide PN5 against Multidrug-Resistant E. coli and Anti-Inflammatory Activity in a Septic Mouse Model. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0149422. [PMID: 36129300 PMCID: PMC9603901 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01494-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria have become a public health problem. Thus, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been evaluated as substitutes for antibiotics. Herein, we investigated PN5 derived from Pinus densiflora (pine needle). PN5 exhibited antimicrobial activity without causing cytotoxic effects. Based on these results, we examined the mode of action of PN5 against Gram-negative and -positive bacteria. PN5 exhibited membrane permeabilization ability, had antimicrobial stability in the presence of elastase, a proteolytic enzyme, and did not induce resistance in bacteria. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces an inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophages. PN5 suppressed proinflammatory cytokines mediated by NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. In C57BL/6J mice treated with LPS and d-galactosamine, PN5 exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in inflamed mouse livers. Our results indicate that PN5 has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities and thus may be useful as an antimicrobial agent to treat septic shock caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli without causing further resistance. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a global health concern. There is no effective treatment for antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and new alternatives are being suggested. The present study found antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of PN5 derived from Pinus densiflora (pine needle), and further investigated the therapeutic effect in a mouse septic model. As a mechanism of antibacterial activity, PN5 exhibited the membrane permeabilization ability of the toroidal model, and treated strains did not develop drug resistance during serial passages. PN5 showed immunomodulatory properties of neutralizing LPS in a mouse septic model. These results indicate that PN5 could be a new and promising therapeutic agent for bacterial infectious disease caused by antibiotic-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Dam Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jonggwan Park
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kongju National University, Kongju, South Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Research Center for Proteinaceous Materials (RCPM), Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
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5
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Pina LTS, Serafini MR, Oliveira MA, Sampaio LA, Guimarães JO, Guimarães AG. Carvone and its pharmacological activities: A systematic review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 196:113080. [PMID: 34999510 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.113080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural products from plants have gained prominence in the search for therapeutic alternatives. Monoterpenes, such as carvone, are suggested as candidates for the treatment of several diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study is to review the pharmacological activities of carvone in experimental models in vitro and in vivo. For this, the searches were carried out in May 2020 (upgraded in July 2021) in the databases of PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus and gathered studies on the pharmacological activities of carvone. Two independent reviewers performed the selection of articles using the Rayyan application, extracted the relevant data and assessed the methodological quality of the selected studies using Syrcle's risk of bias tool. Ninety-one articles were selected that described 10 pharmacological activities of carvone, such as antimicrobial, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antinociceptive, anticonvulsant, among others. The evaluation of the methodological quality presented an uncertain risk of bias for most studies. In light of that, carvone stands out as a viable and promising alternative in the treatment of several pathological conditions. However, carrying out studies to evaluate possible mechanisms of action and the safety of this monoterpene is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lícia T S Pina
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
| | - Mairim R Serafini
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Marlange A Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Laeza A Sampaio
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Juliana O Guimarães
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Adriana G Guimarães
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
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Sousa LGV, Castro J, Cavaleiro C, Salgueiro L, Tomás M, Palmeira-Oliveira R, Martinez-Oliveira J, Cerca N. Synergistic effects of carvacrol, α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, ρ-cymene and linalool against Gardnerella species. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4417. [PMID: 35292704 PMCID: PMC8924259 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08217-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection affecting women worldwide. This infection is characterized by the loss of the dominant Lactobacillus community in the vaginal microbiota and an increase of anaerobic bacteria, that leads to the formation of a polymicrobial biofilm, mostly composed of Gardnerella spp. Treatment of BV is normally performed using broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as metronidazole and clindamycin. However, the high levels of recurrence of infection after treatment cessation have led to a demand for new therapeutic alternatives. Thymbra capitata essential oils (EOs) are known to have a wide spectrum of biological properties, including antibacterial activity. Thus, herein, we characterized two EOs of T. capitata and tested their antimicrobial activity as well as some of their main components, aiming to assess possible synergistic effects. Our findings showed that carvacrol and ρ-cymene established a strong synergistic antimicrobial effect against planktonic cultures of Gardnerella spp. On biofilm, carvacrol and linalool at sub-MIC concentrations proved more efficient in eliminating biofilm cells, while showing no cytotoxicity observed in a reconstituted human vaginal epithelium. The antibiofilm potential of the EOs and compounds was highlighted by the fact cells were not able to recover culturability after exposure to fresh medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcia G V Sousa
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira (LIBRO), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana Castro
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira (LIBRO), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cavaleiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Tomás
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Rita Palmeira-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Martinez-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Nuno Cerca
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira (LIBRO), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. .,LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.
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Antibiofilm activity of glycolic acid and glyoxal and their diffusion–reaction interactions with biofilm components. Food Res Int 2022; 152:110921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Effect of Essential Oils on Growth Inhibition, Biofilm Formation and Membrane Integrity of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121474. [PMID: 34943686 PMCID: PMC8698458 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm as a cellular conformation confers survival properties to microbial populations and favors microbial resistance. Here, we investigated the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antimotility, antihemolytic activity, and the interaction with synthetic membranes of 15 essential oils (EOs) on E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus ATCC 29213. Antimicrobial activity of EOs was determined through microdilution method; development of the biofilm was assessed using the crystal violet assay and SEM microscopy. Results indicate that Lippia origanoides thymol–carvacrol II chemotype (LTC II) and Thymus vulgaris (TV) exhibited a significant antibacterial activity, with MIC values of 0.45 and 0.75 mg/mL, respectively. The percentage of biofilm formation inhibition was greater than 70% at subinhibitory concentrations (MIC50) for LTC II EO. The results demonstrate that these two oils had significantly reduced the hemolytic effect of S. aureus by 54% and 32%, respectively, and the mobility capacity by swimming in E. coli with percentages of decrease of 55% and 47%, respectively. The results show that LTC II and TV EOs can interact with the hydrophobic core of lipid bilayers and alter the physicochemical properties of membranes. The findings suggest that LTC II and TV oils may potentially be used to aid in the treatment of S. aureus and E. coli infections.
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Rossi C, Maggio F, Chaves-López C, Valbonetti L, Berrettoni M, Paparella A, Serio A. Effectiveness of selected essential oils and one hydrolate to prevent and remove Listeria monocytogenes biofilms on polystyrene and stainless steel food-contact surfaces. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:1866-1876. [PMID: 34800068 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of selected essential oils (EOs) and hydrolates (Hs) against Listeria monocytogenes biofilms on polystyrene (PS) and stainless steel (SS) surfaces. METHODS AND RESULTS Among others, Origanum hirtum EO, Corydothymus capitatus EO and Citrus aurantium H were selected to treat L. monocytogenes biofilms during and after biofilm formation. Sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of C. capitatus EO (0.31 µl/ml) showed the highest inhibiting effect against biofilm formation on PS, while on SS no significant differences between the EOs were observed (43.7%-88.7% inhibition). Overall, the tested biosanitizers showed limited activity as biofilm removal agents. Although generally less effective, C. aurantium H exhibited good biofilm inhibition performance at 62.5 µl/ml, particularly on PS. Confocal laser scanning microscopy proved that sub-MICs of the biosanitizers drastically changed L. monocytogenes biofilm architecture, with bacterial cells elongation in the presence of C. capitatus EO. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the tested EOs and H are able to control Listeria biofilms, particularly preventing biofilm formation on both materials. Considering its mild aroma and hydrophilicity, the H exhibited promising perspectives of application. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY This study raises the possibility of applying EOs and Hs to control biofilms on different surfaces in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Rossi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesca Maggio
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Clemencia Chaves-López
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Luca Valbonetti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Marco Berrettoni
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Antonello Paparella
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Annalisa Serio
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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Pinto G, Minnich SA, Hovde CJ, Oliveira H, Smidt H, Almeida C, Azeredo J. The interactions of bacteriophage Ace and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli during biocontrol. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:fiab105. [PMID: 34329454 PMCID: PMC8492476 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Strictly lytic phages are considered powerful tools for biocontrol of foodborne pathogens. Safety issues needed to be addressed for the biocontrol of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) include: lysogenic conversion, Shiga toxin production through phage induction, and emergence/proliferation of bacteriophage insensitive mutants (BIMs). To address these issues, two new lytic phages, vB_EcoS_Ace (Ace) and vB_EcoM_Shy (Shy), were isolated and characterized for life cycle, genome sequence and annotation, pH stability and efficacy at controlling STEC growth. Ace was efficient in controlling host planktonic cells and did not stimulate the production of the Stx prophage or Shiga toxin. A single dose of phage did not lead to the selection of BIMs. However, when reintroduced, BIMs were detected after 24 h of incubation. The gain of resistance was associated with lower virulence, as a subset of BIMs failed to agglutinate with O157-specific antibody and were more sensitive to human serum complement. BIM's biofilm formation capacity and susceptibility to disinfectants was equal to that of the wild-type strain. Overall, this work demonstrated that phage Ace is a safe biocontrol agent against STEC contamination and that the burden of BIM emergence did not represent a greater risk in environmental persistence and human pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graça Pinto
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- INIAV, IP-National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Scott A Minnich
- Animal Veterinary and Food Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, 83844-3025 USA
| | - Carolyn J Hovde
- Animal Veterinary and Food Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, 83844-3025 USA
| | - Hugo Oliveira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carina Almeida
- INIAV, IP-National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Joana Azeredo
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
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Olszewska MA, Diez-Gonzalez F. Characterization of Binary Biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes and Lactobacillus and Their Response to Chlorine Treatment. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:638933. [PMID: 34335486 PMCID: PMC8317434 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.638933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, Listeria may interact competitively and cooperatively with other organisms, resulting in unique spatial organization and functions for cells within the community. This study was undertaken to characterize the biofilm architecture of binary biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes and Lactobacillus species and to assess their effect on the survival of Listeria during exposure to hypochlorite. Three L. monocytogenes strains, ATCC 19115 (Lm5), ATCC 19117 (Lm7), and Coleslaw (LmC), were selected and combined individually with three Lactobacillus strains: L. fermentum (Lf), L. bavaricus (Lb), and L. plantarum (Lp). In binary Lm-Lp biofilms, the Lm cell counts were similar to single-species biofilms (8.5 log CFU/well), and the Lp cell numbers declined by 1.0 log CFU/well. In the presence of Lb, the Lm cell counts were reduced by 1.5 log CFU/well (p < 0.05), whereas the Lf cell counts increased at least by 3.5 log CFU/well. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) determined that interspecies interactions significantly affected the spatial organization of three binary biofilms. Biofilm surface-to-volume ratio increased from 0.8 μm2/μm3 for Lm5 in the monoculture to 2.1 μm2/μm3 for Lm5-Lp in the dual-species model (p < 0.05), and was characterized by a thicker structure with a largely increased surface area. Biofilm roughness increased from 0.2 for Lm7 to 1.0 for Lm7-Lb biofilms (p < 0.05), which appeared as interspecific segregation. Biofilm thickness increased from 34.2 μm for LmC to 46.3 μm for LmC–Lf (p < 0.05), which produced flat and compact structures that covered the entire surface available. The biomass of the extracellular matrix was higher in the case of some binary biofilms (p < 0.05); however, this effect was dependent upon the species pair. When treated with hypochlorite, Lm5 in binary biofilms had an approximately 1.5 log CFU/well greater survival than individually. The unique spatial organization and greater protein production may explain the protective effect of Lp after hypochlorite exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena A Olszewska
- Center for Food Safety, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States.,Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Francisco Diez-Gonzalez
- Center for Food Safety, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States
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Essential Oils: A Natural Weapon against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Responsible for Nosocomial Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040417. [PMID: 33920237 PMCID: PMC8070240 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become a major concern worldwide. This trend indicates the need for alternative agents to antibiotics, such as natural compounds of plant origin. Using agar disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of Citrus aurantium (AEO), Citrus x limon (LEO), Eucalyptus globulus (EEO), Melaleuca alternifolia (TTO), and Cupressus sempervirens (CEO) essential oils (EOs) against three representatives of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and respective biofilms: vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli. Using the checkerboard method, the efficacy of the EOs alone, in an association with each other, or in combination with the reference antibiotics was quantified by calculating fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs). All the EOs displayed antibacterial activity against all strains to different extents, and TTO was the most effective. The results of the EO–EO associations and EO–antibiotic combinations clearly showed a synergistic outcome in most tests. Lastly, the effectiveness of EOs both alone and in association or combination against biofilm formed by the antibiotic-resistant strains was comparable to, and sometimes better than, that of the reference antibiotics. In conclusion, the combination of EOs and antibiotics represents a promising therapeutic strategy against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, even protected inside biofilms, which can allow decreasing the concentrations of antibiotics used.
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Kart D, Reçber T, Nemutlu E, Sagiroglu M. Sub-Inhibitory Concentrations of Ciprofloxacin Alone and Combinations with Plant-Derived Compounds against P. aeruginosa Biofilms and Their Effects on the Metabolomic Profile of P. aeruginosa Biofilms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040414. [PMID: 33918895 PMCID: PMC8070142 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alternative anti-biofilm agents are needed to combat Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. The mechanisms behind these new agents also need to be revealed at a molecular level. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-biofilm effects of 10 plant-derived compounds on P. aeruginosa biofilms were investigated using minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) and virulence assays. The effects of ciprofloxacin and compound combinations on P. aeruginosa in mono and triple biofilms were compared. A metabolomic approach and qRT-PCR were applied to the biofilms treated with ciprofloxacin in combination with baicalein, esculin hydrate, curcumin, and cinnamaldehyde at sub-minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) concentrations to highlight the specific metabolic shifts between the biofilms and to determine the quorum sensing gene expressions, respectively. RESULTS The combinations of ciprofloxacin with curcumin, baicalein, esculetin, and cinnamaldehyde showed more reduced MBICs than ciprofloxacin alone. The quorum sensing genes were downregulated in the presence of curcumin and cinnamaldehyde, while upregulated in the presence of baicalein and esculin hydrate rather than for ciprofloxacin alone. The combinations exhibited different killing effects on P. aeruginosa in mono and triple biofilms without affecting its virulence. The findings of the decreased metabolite levels related to pyrimidine and lipopolysaccharide synthesis and to down-regulated alginate and lasI expressions strongly indicate the role of multifactorial mechanisms for curcumin-mediated P. aeruginosa growth inhibition. CONCLUSIONS The use of curcumin, baicalein, esculetin, and cinnamaldehyde with ciprofloxacin will help fight against P. aeruginosa biofilms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind to define the effect of plant-based compounds as possible anti-biofilm agents with low MBICs for the treatment of P. aeruginosa biofilms through metabolomic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Kart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-533-690-7637
| | - Tuba Reçber
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey; (T.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey; (T.R.); (E.N.)
- Bioanalytic and Omics Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Meral Sagiroglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey;
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Aćimović M, Zorić M, Zheljazkov VD, Pezo L, Čabarkapa I, Stanković Jeremić J, Cvetković M. Chemical Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil of Medicinal Plants from Eastern Serbia. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225482. [PMID: 33238598 PMCID: PMC7700605 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate wild growing Satureja kitaibelii, Thymus serpyllum, Origanum vulgare, Achillea millefolium and Achillea clypeolata with respect to their essential oil (EO) content, composition and antimicrobial activity. The five species were collected at Mt. Rtanj and the village of Sesalac, Eastern Serbia. The main EO constituents of Lamiaceae plants were p-cymene (24.4%), geraniol (63.4%) and germacrene D (21.5%) in Satureja kitaibelii, Thymus serpyllum and Origanum vulgare ssp. vulgare, respectively. A. millefolium EO had multiple constituents with major ones being camphor (9.8%), caryophyllene oxide (6.5%), terpinen-4-ol (6.3%) and 1,8-cineole (5.6%), while the main EO constituents of A. clypeolata were 1,8-cineole (45.1%) and camphor (18.2%). Antimicrobial testing of the EO showed that Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) was more sensitive to all of the tested EOs than Escherichia coli (Gram-negative). S. kitaibelii EO showed the highest antimicrobial activity against both tested bacterial strains. This is the first study to characterize the EO composition and antimicrobial activity of these five medicinal species from Eastern Serbia in comparison with comprehensive literature data. The results can be utilized by the perfumery, cosmetics, food and pharmaceutical industries, but also for healing purposes in self-medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Aćimović
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Miroslav Zorić
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Lato Pezo
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentskitrg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Ivana Čabarkapa
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Jovana Stanković Jeremić
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.S.J.); (M.C.)
| | - Mirjana Cvetković
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.S.J.); (M.C.)
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Leão C, Borges A, Simões M. NSAIDs as a Drug Repurposing Strategy for Biofilm Control. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9090591. [PMID: 32927675 PMCID: PMC7558876 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infections, usually associated with biofilm-producing bacteria, are challenging for both medical and scientific communities. The potential interest in drug repurposing for biofilm control is growing due to both disinvestment in antibiotic R&D and reduced efficacy of the available panel of antibiotics. In the present study, the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), piroxicam (PXC), diclofenac sodium (DCF), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and naproxen sodium (NPX) were evaluated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory/bactericidal concentrations (MICs and MBCs) and the dose–response curves from exposure to the selected NSAIDs were determined. MICs were found for PXC (800 μg/mL) and ASA (1750 μg/mL) against E. coli, and for DCF (2000 μg/mL) and ASA (2000 μg/mL) against S. aureus. No MBCs were found (>2000 μg/mL). The potential of NSAIDs to eradicate preformed biofilms was characterized in terms of biofilm mass, metabolic activity and cell culturability. Additionally, the NSAIDs were tested in combination with kanamycin (KAN) and tetracycline (TET). ASA, DCF and PXC promoted significant reductions in metabolic activity and culturability. However, only PXC promoted biofilm mass removal. Additive interactions were obtained for most of the combinations between NSAIDs and KAN or TET. In general, NSAIDs appear to be a promising strategy to control biofilms as they demonstrated to be more effective than conventional antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Leão
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Anabela Borges
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.); (A.B.)
- DEQ—Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.); (A.B.)
- DEQ—Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-225-081-654; Fax: +351-225-081-449
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Trifan A, Luca SV, Greige-Gerges H, Miron A, Gille E, Aprotosoaie AC. Recent advances in tackling microbial multidrug resistance with essential oils: combinatorial and nano-based strategies. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:338-357. [DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1782339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Trifan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Simon Vlad Luca
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
- Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Hélène Greige-Gerges
- Bioactive Molecules Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Jdaidet El-Matn, Lebanon
| | - Anca Miron
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Elvira Gille
- National Institute of Research & Development for Biological Sciences Bucuresti/Stejarul Biological Research Centre, Piatra Neamt, Romania
| | - Ana Clara Aprotosoaie
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi, Romania
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17
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The Effects of Eugenol, Trans-Cinnamaldehyde, Citronellol, and Terpineol on Escherichia coli Biofilm Control as Assessed by Culture-Dependent and -Independent Methods. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112641. [PMID: 32517201 PMCID: PMC7321256 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms contribute to problems with preserving food hygiene, jeopardizing any conventional intervention method used by the food industry. Hence, the approach of using essential oil (EO) compounds effective in biofilm control has considerable merit and deserves in-depth research. In this study, the effect of selected EO compounds (eugenol, trans-cinnamaldehyde, citronellol, and terpineol) was assessed on Escherichia coli biofilm control by plate count, resazurin assay, and Syto® 9/PI (-/propidium iodide) staining coupled with flow cytometry (FCM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The selected EO compounds effectively inhibited the growth of planktonic E. coli at low concentrations of 3–5 mM, revealing a high antimicrobial activity. EO compounds markedly interfered with biofilms too, with trans-cinnamaldehyde causing the most prominent effects. Its antibiofilm activity was manifested by a high reduction of cell metabolic activity (>60%) and almost complete reduction in biofilm cell culturability. In addition, almost 90% of the total cells had perturbed cell membranes. Trans-cinnamaldehyde further impacted the cell morphology resulting in the filamentation and, thus, in the creation of a mesh network of cells. Citronellol scored the second in terms of the severity of the observed effects. However, most of all, it strongly prevented native microcolony formation. Eugenol and terpineol also affected the formation of a typical biofilm structure; however, small cell aggregates were still repeatedly found. Overall, eugenol caused the mildest impairment of cell membranes where 50% of the total cells showed the Syto® 9+/PI– pattern coupled with healthy cells and another 48% with injured cells (the Syto® 9+/PI+). For terpineol, despite a similar percentage of healthy cells, another 45% was shared between moderately (Syto® 9+PI+) and heavily (Syto® 9–PI+) damaged cells. The results highlight the importance of a multi-method approach for an accurate assessment of EO compounds’ action against biofilms and may help develop better strategies for their effective use in the food industry.
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18
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In Vitro Activity of Essential Oils Against Planktonic and Biofilm Cells of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)/Carbapenamase-Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria Involved in Human Nosocomial Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9050272. [PMID: 32466117 PMCID: PMC7277674 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9050272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the antibacterial activity of four essential oils (EOs), Melaleuca alternifolia, Eucalyptus globulus, Mentha piperita, and Thymus vulgaris, in preventing the development and spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. A total of 60 strains were obtained from the stock collection from the Microbiology Laboratory of Hesperia Hospital, Modena, Italy. Twenty ESBL-producing E. coli, 5 K. pneumoniae, 13 KPC-producing K. pneumoniae, and 20 MBL-producing P. aeruginosa were cultured and reconfirmed as ESBL and carbapenamase producers. Polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of genes responsible for antibiotic resistance (ESBL and KPC/MBL). Antibacterial activity of the EOs was determined using the agar disk diffusion assay, and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were also evaluated. Lastly, adhesion capability and biofilm formation on polystyrene and glass surfaces were studied in 24 randomly selected strains. M. alternifolia and T. vulgaris EOs showed the best antibacterial activity against all tested strains and, as revealed by agar disk diffusion assay, M. alternifolia was the most effective, even at low concentrations. This effect was also confirmed by MICs, with values ranging from 0.5 to 16 µg/mL and from 1 to 16 µg/mL, for M. alternifolia and T. vulgaris EOs, respectively. The EOs' antibacterial activity compared to antibiotics confirmed M. alternifolia EO as the best antibacterial agent. T. vulgaris EO also showed a good antibacterial activity with MICs lower than both reference antibiotics. Lastly, a significant anti-biofilm activity was observed for the two EOs (*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 for M. alternifolia and T. vulgaris EOs, respectively). A good antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of M. alternifolia and T. vulgaris EOs against all selected strains was observed, thus demonstrating a future possible use of these EOs to treat infections caused by ESBL/carbapenemase-producing strains, even in association with antibiotics.
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Gomes IB, Querido MM, Teixeira JP, Pereira CC, Simões LC, Simões M. Prolonged exposure of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia biofilms to trace levels of clofibric acid alters antimicrobial tolerance and virulence. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 235:327-335. [PMID: 31265978 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceuticals in water sources, including in drinking water (DW), is increasingly being recognized as an emerging and global concern for the environment and public health. Based on the principles of the "One Health" initiative, the present work aims to understand the effects of clofibric acid (CA), a lipid regulator, on the behavior of a selected bacterium isolated from drinking water (DW). Biofilms of the opportunistic pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were exposed to CA for 12 weeks at 170 and 17000 ng/L. The effects of CA were evaluated on planktonic S. maltophilia susceptibility to chlorine and antibiotics (amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, kanamycin, levofloxacin, oxacillin, spectinomycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), biofilm formation, motility, siderophores production and on the adhesion and internalization of the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (HT-29). It was found that CA did not affect planktonic S. maltophilia tolerance to chlorine exposure. Additionally, no effects were observed on biofilm formation, motility and siderophores production. However, biofilms formed after CA exposure were more tolerant to chlorine disinfection and lower CFU reductions were obtained. Of additional concern was the effect of CA exposure on S. maltophilia increased tolerance to erythromycin. CA exposure also slightly reduced S. maltophilia ability to invade HT-29 cells. In conclusion, this work reinforces the importance of studying the effects of non-antibiotic contaminants on the behavior of environmental microorganisms, particularly their role as drivers affecting resistance evolution and selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B Gomes
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - M M Querido
- Department of Environmental Health, Portuguese National Institute of Health DR. Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - J P Teixeira
- Department of Environmental Health, Portuguese National Institute of Health DR. Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - C C Pereira
- Department of Environmental Health, Portuguese National Institute of Health DR. Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - L C Simões
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - M Simões
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
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Dias C, Ribeiro M, Correia-Branco A, Domínguez-Perles R, Martel F, Saavedra MJ, Simões M. Virulence, attachment and invasion of Caco-2 cells by multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from wild animals. Microb Pathog 2019; 128:230-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Vale J, Ribeiro M, Abreu AC, Soares-Silva I, Simões M. The use of selected phytochemicals with EDTA against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis single- and dual-species biofilms. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 68:313-320. [PMID: 30790318 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the development of a novel and effective antibacterial formulation combining selected phytochemical compounds (quercetin, cuminaldehyde, indole-3-carbinol and vanillic acid) with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), an aminopolycarboxylic acid. The antibacterial activity of the combinations was evaluated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis in planktonic and sessile states as single and dual species. The compounds when applied individually demonstrated modest antibacterial activity. Nevertheless, synergy was observed when EDTA was combined with the selected phytochemicals, particularly with cuminaldehyde and indole-3-carbinol. These combinations were evaluated against single- and dual-species biofilms. An inactivation of 100% was obtained for almost all the biofilms, with E. coli biofilms showing the highest resistance. This study allowed the discovery of novel formulations of phytochemical compounds with antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. epidermidis single- and dual-species biofilms at concentrations close to the minimum bactericidal concentration. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The synergistic combinations of EDTA and cuminaldehyde or indole-3-carbinol were effective against single- and dual-species E. coli and S. epidermidis planktonic cells and biofilms. The overall results highlight the role of phytochemical products as a green and sustainable source of antimicrobial potentiators to control bacteria in both planktonic and sessile states.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vale
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Ribeiro
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A C Abreu
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - I Soares-Silva
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Simões
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Chemmugil P, Lakshmi P, Annamalai A. Exploring Morin as an anti-quorum sensing agent (anti-QSA) against resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Pathog 2019; 127:304-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Albano M, Crulhas BP, Alves FCB, Pereira AFM, Andrade BFMT, Barbosa LN, Furlanetto A, Lyra LPDS, Rall VLM, Júnior AF. Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of cinnamaldehyde against S. epidermidis. Microb Pathog 2019; 126:231-238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Chang SY, Xiao K, Zhang JQ, Zhong K, Grosu E, Gao Z, Wu YP, Gao H. Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effects of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Leaves against Staphylococcus aureus. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus on food contact surfaces is one of the most important issues for the food safety. The difficulties in controlling biofilms have driven the search for new antibacterial and antibiofilm agents from natural resources. The aims of the present study were to investigate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the methanolic extract from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. leaves and identify the active compounds. By bioassay guide of inhibitory activity against S. aureus, four antibacterial compounds were separated from this extract and identified as neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid and 4- O-caffeoyl-2,3-dihydroxy-2- C-methylbutyric acid based on MS and NMR data analyses. The four compounds exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against S. aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration of 5 mg/mL. Moreover, a fraction consisted of the four compounds was subjected to antibiofilm assays against S. aureus. Crystal violet staining and XTT reduction assay demonstrated that this fraction showed an excellent inhibitory efficacy on the biomass and metabolic activity of S. aureus biofilm. Scanning electron microscopic observation displayed that this fraction induced severe morphological changes in the architecture of S. aureus biofilm, which further confirmed that it possessed a potent inhibitory activity on the biofilm formation of S. aureus. So, these results suggested that Z. bungeanum leaves could be used as an attractive and promising candidate for the development of natural antibacterial agent for controlling food-related bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yuan Chang
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Kai Xiao
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Qi Zhang
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhong
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Elena Grosu
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Gao
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ping Wu
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Hong Gao
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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Wu YP, Bai JR, Grosu E, Zhong K, Liu LJ, Tang MM, Huang YN, Gao H. Inhibitory Effect of 2R,3R-Dihydromyricetin on Biofilm Formation by Staphylococcus aureus. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:475-480. [PMID: 29847738 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Wu
- Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-Rong Bai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Elena Grosu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Zhong
- Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Jin Liu
- Department of Public Health, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng-Meng Tang
- Department of Public Health, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Na Huang
- Department of Public Health, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Dias C, Borges A, Oliveira D, Martinez-Murcia A, Saavedra MJ, Simões M. Biofilms and antibiotic susceptibility of multidrug-resistant bacteria from wild animals. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4974. [PMID: 29910986 PMCID: PMC6003395 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The "One Health" concept recognizes that human health and animal health are interdependent and bound to the health of the ecosystem in which they (co)exist. This interconnection favors the transmission of bacteria and other infectious agents as well as the flow of genetic elements containing antibiotic resistance genes. This problem is worsened when pathogenic bacteria have the ability to establish as biofilms. Therefore, it is important to understand the characteristics and behaviour of microorganisms in both planktonic and biofilms states from the most diverse environmental niches to mitigate the emergence and dissemination of resistance. Methods The purpose of this work was to assess the antibiotic susceptibility of four bacteria (Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Shewanella putrefaciens) isolated from wild animals and their ability to form biofilms. The effect of two antibiotics, imipenem (IPM) and ciprofloxacin (CIP), on biofilm removal was also assessed. Screening of resistance genetic determinants was performed by PCR. Biofilm tests were performed by a modified microtiter plate method. Bacterial surface hydrophobicity was determined by sessile drop contact angles. Results The susceptibility profile classified the bacteria as multidrug-resistant. Three genes coding for β-lactamases were detected in K. pneumoniae (TEM, SHV, OXA-aer) and one in P. fluorescens (OXA-aer). K. pneumoniae was the microorganism that carried more β-lactamase genes and it was the most proficient biofilm producer, while P. fluorescens demonstrated the highest adhesion ability. Antibiotics at their MIC, 5 × MIC and 10 × MIC were ineffective in total biofilm removal. The highest biomass reductions were found with IPM (54% at 10 × MIC) against K. pneumoniae biofilms and with CIP (40% at 10 × MIC) against P. fluorescens biofilms. Discussion The results highlight wildlife as important host reservoirs and vectors for the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria and genetic determinants of resistance. The ability of these bacteria to form biofilms should increase their persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Dias
- LEPABE-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering-University of Porto, Portugal.,CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal.,CECAV, Veterinary and Animal Science Research Center, Universidade de Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal
| | - Anabela Borges
- LEPABE-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering-University of Porto, Portugal.,CECAV, Veterinary and Animal Science Research Center, Universidade de Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal.,CIQUP, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Oliveira
- LEPABE-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering-University of Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Maria José Saavedra
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal.,CECAV, Veterinary and Animal Science Research Center, Universidade de Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering-University of Porto, Portugal
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Borges A, Simões M, Todorović TR, Filipović NR, García-Sosa AT. Cobalt Complex with Thiazole-Based Ligand as New Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum Quencher, Biofilm Inhibitor and Virulence Attenuator. Molecules 2018; 23:E1385. [PMID: 29890626 PMCID: PMC6099793 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most dreaded human pathogens, because of its intrinsic resistance to a number of commonly used antibiotics and ability to form sessile communities (biofilms). Innovative treatment strategies are required and that can rely on the attenuation of the pathogenicity and virulence traits. The interruption of the mechanisms of intercellular communication in bacteria (quorum sensing) is one of such promising strategies. A cobalt coordination compound (Co(HL)₂) synthesized from (E)-2-(2-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)hydrazinyl)-4-(p-tolyl)thiazole (HL) is reported herein for the first time to inhibit P. aeruginosa 3-oxo-C12-HSL-dependent QS system (LasI/LasR system) and underling phenotypes (biofilm formation and virulence factors). Its interactions with a possible target, the transcriptional activator protein complex LasR-3-oxo-C12-HSL, was studied by molecular modeling with the coordination compound ligand having stronger predicted interactions than those of co-crystallized ligand 3-oxo-C12-HSL, as well as known-binder furvina. Transition metal group 9 coordination compounds may be explored in antipathogenic/antibacterial drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Borges
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, Porto 4200-465, Portugal.
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, Porto 4200-465, Portugal.
| | - Tamara R Todorović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12⁻16, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Nenad R Filipović
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
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Ribeiro M, Malheiro J, Grenho L, Fernandes MH, Simões M. Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial action of selected phytochemicals against planktonic and sessile Streptococcus mutans. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4872. [PMID: 29888127 PMCID: PMC5991298 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental caries remains the most prevalent and costly oral infectious disease worldwide, encouraging the search for new and more effective antimicrobials. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the antimicrobial action of selected phytochemicals (eugenol, citronellol, sabinene hydrate, trans-cinnamaldehyde, terpineol and cinnamic acid) against Streptococcus mutans in planktonic and biofilm states as well as the cytotoxicity of these compounds. Methods The antibacterial activity of the selected compounds was evaluated by the determination of the minimal bactericidal concentration. The resazurin assay was used to assess the metabolic activity of sessile S. mutans. The cytotoxicity was determined using a fibroblast cell line. Results Among the tested phytochemicals, citronellol, cinnamic acid and trans-cinnamaldehyde were the most effective against both planktonic and sessile S. mutans, an effect apparently related to their hydrophobic character. Additionally, these three compounds did not compromise fibroblasts cell viability. Discussion Citronellol, cinnamic acid and trans-cinnamaldehyde demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity proposing their potential as a novel group of therapeutic compounds to control oral infectious diseases. Moreover, their effects are particularly relevant when benchmarked against eugenol, a phytochemical commonly used for prosthodontic applications in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ribeiro
- LEPABE-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering-University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Malheiro
- LEPABE-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering-University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana Grenho
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Fernandes
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,REQUIMTE/LAQV, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering-University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Endophytic biocatalysts with enoate reductase activity isolated from Mentha pulegium. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:50. [PMID: 29550961 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The biotransformation of (4R)-(-)-carvone by Mentha pulegium (pennyroyal) leaves and its endophytic bacteria was performed in order to search for novel biocatalysts with enoate reductase activity. The obtained results clearly indicated that endophytes play an important role in the biotransformation of (4R)-(-)-carvone with pennyroyal plant tissues. The best activity was associated to the endophytic bacteria Pseudomonas proteolytica FM18Mci1 and Bacillus sp. FM18civ1. Enoate reductase activity for the reduction of (4R)-(-)-carvone and (4S)-(+)-carvone as model substrates was evaluated for each strain. Finally, both isolated strains were evaluated for the kinetic resolution of racemic carvone. The two bacteria gave (1R, 4R) or (1R, 4S)-dihydrocarvone as major products. P. proteolytica FM18Mci1 had preference for the 4S-(-)-carvone, reaching a conversion 95% in 24 h. In contrast, Bacillus sp. FM18civ1 had preference for (4R)-(-)-carvone. The results obtained in the kinetic resolution of carvone indicated that the Bacillus strain could be useful for resolving a racemic mixture of carvone.
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