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Nelson S, Ayaz B, Baumann AL, Dozois G. A gender-based review of workplace violence amongst the global health workforce-A scoping review of the literature. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003336. [PMID: 38954697 PMCID: PMC11218983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Workplace violence (WPV) impacts all levels of the health workforce, including the individual provider, organization, and society. While there is a substantial body of literature on various aspects of WPV against the health workforce, gender-based WPV (GB-WPV) has received less attention. Violence in both the workplace and broader society is rooted in gendered socio-economic, cultural, and institutional factors. Developing a robust understanding of GB-WPV is crucial to explore the differing experiences, responses, and outcomes of GB-WPV with respect to gender. We conducted a scoping review and report on the prevalence and risk factors of GB-WPV in healthcare settings globally. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). We registered the scoping review protocol on the Open Science Framework on January 14, 2022, at https://osf.io/t4pfb/. A systematic search was conducted of empirical literature in five health and social science databases. Of 13667, 226 studies were included in the analysis. Across the studies, more women than men experienced non-physical violence, including verbal abuse, sexual harassment, and bullying. Men experienced more physical violence compared to women. Younger age, less experience, shifting duties, specific clinical settings, lower professional status, organizational hierarchy, and minority status were found to be sensitive to gender, reflecting women's structural disadvantages in the workplace. Given the high prevalence and impact of GB-WPV on women, we provided recommendations to address systemic issues in clinical practice, academia, policy, and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sioban Nelson
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Basnama Ayaz
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea L. Baumann
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham Dozois
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Zheng Z, Zhan S, Xu J, Lu K, Wang J, Huang B, Li X, Chen Y, Ge L. The impact of nurses' experiences of hospital violence on resilience: A mediated moderation model. J Clin Nurs 2024; 33:1012-1021. [PMID: 38156743 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to investigate the impact of nurses' experiences of hospital violence on resilience, the mediating effect of trust in patients and the moderating effect of organizational trust. BACKGROUND Despite belonging to the central part of health care worldwide and being the leading provider of medical services, nurses are often subjected to hospital violence, which affects their physical and mental well-being. Trust is a high-order mechanism that encourages positive thinking and personal and professional development. However, research into the impact of trust on resilience concerning nurses' experiences of hospital violence is limited. METHODS The participants were 2331 nurses working in general hospitals in China. A cross-sectional survey was conducted, and data were collected via questionnaires from July to October 2022 and analysed using SPSS 25.0 and SPSS PROCESS 3.3 macros. This study was prepared and reported according to the STROBE checklist. RESULTS Mean trust in patients was 48.00 ± 10.86 (12-60), mean organizational trust was 56.19 ± 8.90 (13-65) and mean resilience was 78.63 ± 19.26 (0-100). Nurses' experience of hospital violence had a direct negative effect on resilience (β = -.096, p = .871), a significant adverse effect on trust in patients (β = -3.022, p < .001) and a significant positive effect on trust in patients on resilience (β = 1.464, p < .001). Trusting patients played a mediating role. The significant moderating effect of organizational trust between experience of hospital violence and trust in patients was moderated by a mediating effect index of -0.1867 (95% CI = [-0.3408, -0.0345]). CONCLUSIONS Nurses' experience of hospital violence exerted a negative effect on resilience, trust in patients had a fully mediated effect and organizational trust had a significant moderating influence in the pathway from nurses' experience of hospital violence to patients' trust-mediated resilience. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY This study highlights the impact of nurses' experiences of hospital violence on resilience and explores the importance of trust from the nurses' perspective. Measures taken by managers to provide nurses with a safe, trusting and positive work environment can be highly beneficial in enhancing nurse resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Zheng
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shanshan Zhan
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiaxian Xu
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Kangyuan Lu
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Bixia Huang
- The Third People's Hospital of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Nursing Department, Ningde Municipal Hospital of Ningde Normal University, Ningde, Fujian, China
| | - Yubei Chen
- Nursing Department, Sanming First Hospital and First Hospital of Sanming Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, China
| | - Li Ge
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Liang L, Wang Z, Hu Y, Yuan T, Fei J, Mei S. Does workplace violence affect healthcare workers' turnover intention? Jpn J Nurs Sci 2023; 20:e12543. [PMID: 37312438 DOI: 10.1111/jjns.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to explore the association between workplace violence and turnover intention among Chinese healthcare workers and explore the role of gender as a moderator in this relation. METHODS A cross-sectional survey recruited 692 healthcare workers from a single center in a Chinese province. The content included a questionnaire regarding workplace violence, authoritarian leadership, and turnover intention. The moderated mediation effects were analyzed using the PROCESS tool in SPSS and bootstrap method was used to extract 5000 samples to estimate the 95% confidence interval of each effect. RESULTS The results indicated that the effect of workplace violence on turnover intention was mediated by authoritarian leadership. In addition, gender moderated the association between authoritarian leadership and turnover intention. CONCLUSIONS Healthcare worker managers should establish a workplace violence intervention system and change the leadership style of direct leaders to reduce healthcare workers' turnover intention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Liang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yueyang Hu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tongshuang Yuan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junsong Fei
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Songli Mei
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Li T, Guan L, Zhang R, Han Y, Guo R, Li J, Ma C, Zhang N, Fan Y, Huang Y. Roles of doctor-patient relationship perception and job satisfaction in the impact of workplace violence on medical professionals' turnover intentions in the early phase of COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in China. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e074744. [PMID: 37666559 PMCID: PMC10481753 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the role of the doctor-patient relationship (DPR) perception from the perspective of medical professionals in the association between workplace violence (WPV), job satisfaction and turnover intention in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic based on the affective events theory (AET). DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Nine medical institutions in Beijing were enrolled in this study. PARTICIPANTS In total, 792 medical professionals participated in the study, excluding administrators and logisticians. RESULTS The structural equation model was well adapted (comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.933; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.060). DPR mediated the association between WPV and job satisfaction, with an indirect effect of 0.247 (p<0.001). DPR perception mediated the effect of WPV on turnover intention, with an indirect effect of 0.090 (p<0.001). It also played a chain-mediating role in job satisfaction between WPV and turnover intention, with a mediation value of 0.117 (p<0.001), accounting for 53.42% of the total effect. CONCLUSIONS This study developed a stable model using AET. DPR perception plays an important role in the relationship between WPV and job satisfaction and turnover intention, suggesting the key impact of emotional factors. This has strong practical implications for maintaining the stability of medical teams. Therefore, medical institutions should improve the level of DPR perception from the perspective of medical professionals to effectively prevent mental health problems following WPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Li
- Capital Medical University, School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lizheng Guan
- Capital Medical University, School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Hospital Infection Control, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youli Han
- Capital Medical University, School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Capital Medical University, School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Capital Medical University, School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyu Ma
- Capital Medical University, School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Capital Medical University, School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yezhi Fan
- Capital Medical University, School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yumei Huang
- Capital Medical University, School of Public Health, Beijing, China
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Fei Y, Yang S, Zhu Z, Lv M, Yin Y, Zuo M, Chen Y, Sheng H, Zhang S, Zhang M. Workplace violence and burnout among Chinese nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: does the sense of coherence mediate the relationship? BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:573. [PMID: 37553656 PMCID: PMC10408152 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence has always been a critical issue worldwide before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, which can lead to burnout and turnover. In addition, the burnout and mental stress of nurses during the COVID-19 period have been widely described. To our knowledge, no studies have examined the mediating effect of the sense of coherence on the relationship between workplace violence and burnout among Chinese nurses over time. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between workplace violence and burnout among Chinese nurses and how the sense of coherence mediates the association. METHODS Using a convenience sampling method, 1190 nurses from 4 tertiary grade-A comprehensive hospitals were investigated between September 2021 and December 2021 in 3 provinces of China. The Workplace Violence Scale, Burnout Inventory, and Sense of Coherence scale were used to collect data. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis to estimate direct and indirect effects using bootstrap analysis. RESULTS The mean total scores for workplace violence and burnout were 1.67 ± 1.08 and 47.36 ± 18.39, respectively. Workplace violence was significantly negatively correlated with the sense of coherence (r = -0.25) and positively correlated with burnout (r = 0.27). Additionally, a higher level of workplace violence was associated with higher burnout (β = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.68 ~ 1.56). A higher sense of coherence was also associated with lower burnout (β = -0.98, 95% CI: -1.03 ~ -0.92). Workplace violence showed an effect on burnout through a sense of coherence. The direct, indirect and total effects were 1.13, 1.88 and 3.01, respectively. The mediating effect of the sense of coherence accounted for 62.45% of the relationship between workplace violence and burnout. CONCLUSION We found that the sense of coherence mediated most workplace violence on burnout. It is imperative for hospital managers to improve nurses' sense of coherence to reduce the occurrence of burnout during COVID-19. Future intervention studies should be designed to strengthen nurses' sense of coherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeping Fei
- The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, No. 1882, Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing City, 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Silan Yang
- The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, No. 1882, Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing City, 314000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, No. 1882, Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing City, 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mengmeng Lv
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Yin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Man Zuo
- Heyuan Hospital of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Heyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Han Sheng
- The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, No. 1882, Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing City, 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shenya Zhang
- The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, No. 1882, Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing City, 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mingmin Zhang
- The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, No. 1882, Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing City, 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
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Yang Q, Yang L, Yang C, Chen Y, Wu X, Li L. Negative association between workplace violence and patient safety behaviour in male, but not female, nursing interns: A cross-section study. Nurs Open 2023. [PMID: 37115109 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to compare the associations between workplace violence and patient safety behaviour between male and female nursing interns. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was carried out at three general hospitals in Shandong Province in China to collect data from 466 nursing interns. We evaluated the associations between workplace violence and patient safety behaviours in men and women using multiple linear regressions. RESULTS Sex moderated the association between workplace violence and patient safety behaviour (B = 1.046, [SE = 0.477]; p = 0.029). Among male nursing interns, there was a significant association between workplace violence and patient safety (B = -1.353, 95% CI [-2.556, -0.151]; p = 0.028). In male nursing interns, verbal violence and sexual violence were significantly negatively associated with patient safety (B = -1.569, SE = 0.492, p = 0.002; B = -45.663, SE = 5.554, p < 0.001). No significant association was found in female nursing interns. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION This study did not have a patient or public contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yang
- Medical School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Linlin Yang
- Nursing Department of Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Chunling Yang
- Nursing Department of Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Nursing Department of Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Nursing Department of Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Liu Li
- Nursing Department of Liaocheng Yundong Hospital, Liaocheng, China
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Wang P, Tang YL, Chen Y, He Y, Li L, Han X, Liu Y, Liu T, Liu H, Jiang F, Zhu J. Mental health status of mental health nurses in China: Results from a national survey. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2022; 30:547-557. [PMID: 36577690 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has been acknowledged in China that actions should be taken immediately to ease the critical shortage of psychiatric nurses. However, with national data lacking, little is known about nurses' mental health status. AIM To evaluate psychiatric nurses' mental health status by measuring their burnout, depression, anxiety and stress. METHODS All psychiatric nurses in the 41 selected hospitals in China were invited to participate in the survey. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale were used to assess variables of interest. RESULTS 38.6% of psychiatric nurses met the criteria for burnout. The rates of depression, anxiety and stress were 26.3%, 36.4% and 12.5%, respectively. It was found that workplace region, educational level, working years, longer working hours and night shifts were associated with risk of burnout and DASS. CONCLUSIONS More than a quarter of psychiatric nurses are suffering from burnout, depression or anxiety in China. Policymakers and hospital administrators should design a flexible schedule and restrict working hours for psychiatric nurses to achieve work-life balance. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The study informs policymakers and administrators on addressing the nursing shortage by identifying nurses immersed in negative emotions and preventing mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peicheng Wang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Lang Tang
- Mental Health Service Line, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA.,Addiction Psychiatry Fellowship Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanrong He
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute for Hospital Management of Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinxin Han
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanli Liu
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tingfang Liu
- Master of Public Administration in Hospital Management, Institute for Hospital Management of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huanzhong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Healthy Yangtze River Delta, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiming Zhu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Zhao T. Impact of COVID-19 Awareness on Protective Behaviors during the Off-Peak Period: Sex Differences among Chinese Undergraduates. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192013483. [PMID: 36294065 PMCID: PMC9603291 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 remains an extreme threat in higher education settings, even during the off-peak period. Appropriate protective measures have been suggested to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in a large population context. Undergraduate students represent a highly vulnerable fraction of the population, so their COVID-19 protective behaviors play critical roles in enabling successful pandemic prevention. Hence, this study aims to understand what and how individual factors contribute to undergraduate students' protective behaviors. After building multigroup structural equation models using data acquired from the survey taken by 991 undergraduates at a large research university in eastern China, I found that students' COVID-19 awareness was positively associated with their protective behaviors, such as wearing a mask, using hand sanitizer, and maintaining proper social distance, but not with getting vaccinated. In addition, I found students with higher COVID-19 awareness were more likely to have more COVID-19 knowledge than those with less awareness. Furthermore, sex differences were observed in the mediation effects of COVID-19 awareness on wearing a mask and getting vaccinated, via COVID-19 knowledge, respectively. The results of this study have implications in helping higher education stakeholders enact effective measures to prevent the spread of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhao
- Zhejiang Academy of Higher Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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9
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Chowdhury SR, Kabir H, Chowdhury MR, Hossain A. Workplace Bullying and Violence on Burnout Among Bangladeshi Registered Nurses: A Survey Following a Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604769. [PMID: 36325186 PMCID: PMC9618602 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate burnout among Bangladeshi nurses and the factors that influence it, particularly the association of workplace bullying (WPB) and workplace violence (WPV) with burnout. Methods: This cross-sectional study collected data from 1,264 Bangladeshi nurses. Mixed-effects Poisson regression models were fitted to find the adjusted association between WPB, WPV, and burnout. Results: Burnout was found to be prevalent in 54.19% of 1,264 nurses. 61.79% of nurses reported that they had been bullied, and 16.3% of nurses reported experience of “intermediate and high” levels of workplace violence in the previous year. Nurses who were exposed to “high risk bullying” (RR = 2.29, CI: 1.53–3.41) and “targeted bullying” (RR = 4.86, CI: 3.32–7.11) had a higher risk of burnout than those who were not. Similarly, WPV exposed groups at “intermediate and high” levels had a higher risk of burnout (RR = 3.65, CI: 2.40–5.56) than WPV non-exposed groups. Conclusion: Nurses’ burnout could be decreased if issues like violence and bullying were addressed in the workplace. Hospital administrators, policymakers, and the government must all promote and implement an acceptable working environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifur Rahman Chowdhury
- Department of Public Health, School of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Saifur Rahman Chowdhury,
| | - Humayun Kabir
- Department of Public Health, School of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmudur Rahman Chowdhury
- Begum Rabeya Khatun Chowdhury Nursing College, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed Hossain
- Health Services Administration, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- NSU Global Health Institute (NGHI), North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Wang J, Zeng Q, Wang Y, Liao X, Xie C, Wang G, Zeng Y. Workplace violence and the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder and burnout among nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nurs Manag 2022; 30:2854-2868. [PMID: 36122417 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This review examined the association between workplace violence and the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and burnout among nurses. BACKGROUND The extent to which workplace violence is associated with an increased risk of PTSD and burnout in nurses remains unclear. EVALUATION We searched nine electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Chinese Biomedical, China National Knowledge Internet, and WANFANG). KEY ISSUES Overall, 114 full-text studies were identified; 43 met the inclusion criteria, of which 10 were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to their counterparts with non-exposure to workplace violence, nurses experiencing it had 2.13 and 2.25 times higher odds of reporting PTSD and burnout after adjusting the confounding factors. Additionally, the moderator and mediator factors might help reduce the risk of both in this population. CONCLUSION This study indicated that workplace violence increases the risk of PTSD and burnout. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Our review identified the magnitude of the association between exposure to workplace violence and the reported symptoms of PTSD and burnout in nurses. Furthermore, multi-targeted efforts directed at the identified social/organisational, task-related, and individual resources might help mitigate their harmful impact in the aforementioned population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Wang
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinglin Zeng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Sichuan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang, China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- School of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xinqi Liao
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Caixia Xie
- Nursing research center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guofu Wang
- Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanli Zeng
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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11
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Qi M, Hu X, Liu J, Wen J, Hu X, Wang Z, Shi X. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence and risk factors of workplace violence among healthcare workers in China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:938423. [PMID: 35958846 PMCID: PMC9358256 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.938423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pandemic of COVID-19 has significantly increased the burden on healthcare workers and potentially affect their risk of workplace violence (WPV). This study aimed to explore the prevalence and risk factors of WPV among healthcare workers during the peaking and the remission of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Methods Using the snowball method, a repeated online questionnaire survey was conducted among Chinese healthcare workers from March 27th to April 26th in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Data included healthcare workers' socio-demographic and occupational characteristics, psychological status, and workplace violence. Results A total of 3006 samples in 2020 and 3465 samples in 2021 were analyzed. In 2020, the prevalence of WPV and witnessing colleagues suffering from WPV among healthcare workers were 64.2% and 79.7% respectively. Compared with 2020, the prevalence decreased by 11.0% and 14.4% in 2021, respectively. Logistic regression showed that WPV in 2020 was influenced by males, long working experience, working in the psychiatric department, direct contact with COVID-19 patients, self-discovery of medical errors, moral injury, depression, and anxiety (minimum OR = 1.22, maximum OR = 2.82). While risk factors of WPV in 2021 included males, working in psychiatric departments, self-discovery of medical errors, moral injury, depression, and anxiety (minimum OR = 1.33, maximum OR = 3.32); and protective factors were holding a master's degree (OR = 0.78) and working in other departments (OR = 0.54). Conclusion This study retains the common effects of WPV among healthcare workers, though after the baptism of the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of WPV among healthcare workers decreased; however, part of the influencing factors changed. In addition, COVID-19 has seriously affected the mental health of healthcare workers, and the effect of mental health problems on WPV should also attract more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiuli Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xue Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhizhong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhizhong Wang
| | - Xiuquan Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Center for Injury Research and Policy & Center for Pediatric Trauma Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
- Xiuquan Shi
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Christensen SS, Wilson BL, Hansen SD. Using affective events theory to conceptualise nurses’ emotional behaviour: A scoping review. Collegian 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Sun L, Zhang W, Qi F, Wang Y. Gender Differences for the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Workplace Violence Among Healthcare Professionals in Shandong, China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:873936. [PMID: 35586009 PMCID: PMC9108195 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.873936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Workplace violence (WPV) against healthcare professionals (HPs) has been recognized as important occupational health and societal problem in the world. Many studies were also conducted to explore the prevalence, risk factors, and adverse outcomes of WPV against HPs. Although the gender differences in the prevalence and risk factors of WPV against HPs have been implied in many studies, fewer studies were conducted to explore the gender differences for WPV against HPs, especially in China. In this study, we aim to analyze the gender differences in the prevalence and risk factors of WPV against HPs in Shandong, China. Methods This study was conducted among HPs with a cross-sectional design. WPV, social-demographic variables, occupational characteristics, physical disease, social support, and depression were evaluated for the participated HPs. The prevalence and risk factors of WPV among male healthcare professionals (MHPs) and female healthcare professionals (FHPs) were analyzed in this study. Student's t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and logistic regressions were performed to test the associated factors of WPV among MHPs and FHPs. Results The prevalence of WPV among MHPs and FHPs was 61.4 and 48.8%, respectively. Being silent was the most common method of response to WPV among MHPs (52.3%) and FHPs (59.2%). For MHPs, the associated factors of WPV were master's degree (odds ratio (OR) =2.20, P < 0.05), bachelor's degree (OR = 2.49, P < 0.001), lower income level (OR = 1.81, P < 0.05), manager (OR = 1.81, P < 0.05), and depression (OR = 1.05, P < 0.001). For FHPs, the associated factors of WPV were a master's degree (OR = 1.58, P < 0.05), more working hours per week (OR = 1.02, P < 0.001), and depression (OR = 1.05, P < 0.001). Conclusion The prevalence of WPV among MHPs was higher than FHPs, and the associated factors for WPV against HPs were also different among MHPs and FHPs. The findings remind us that some gender-specific interventions are needed to control WPV against HPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Sun
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- National Health Commission of China (NHC) Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Binzhou People Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Fei Qi
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Yani Wang
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
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Yıldız İ, Tok Yıldız F. Pediatric emergency nurses' workplace violence experiences: A qualitative study. Int Emerg Nurs 2022; 62:101160. [PMID: 35339106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2022.101160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Workplace violence is a crucial problem experienced by health workers who serve at the emergency service. The identification of emergency nurses' workplace experiences is of importance to the prevention of violence and the development of solutions. PURPOSE This study was performed to identify the workplace violence experiences of the nurses working for the pediatric emergency units. METHOD A total of 20 nurses who experienced violence at the emergency service participated in the study that was conducted as qualitative research. The data were collected with the semi-structured interview form and were evaluated by using thematic analysis. RESULTS Five themes, namely, "the characteristics of violence", "the causes of violence", "the approach during/after the violence", "the consequences of the violence for the person", and the "consequences of the violence for the profession", were identified. Nurses stated that they often experienced verbal violence due to patient relatives' unmet expectations, the failure of patient relatives to understand treatments and practices, and the heavy workload, they endeavored to eliminate violence by trying to communicate with perpetrators of the violence, calling the security staff, and reporting the violence to their managers, and they were individually and professionally affected by the violence. CONCLUSION Nurses are negatively affected by workplace violence. Pediatric emergency nurses should be supported with training programs and policies to be developed for the prevention and solution of violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlknur Yıldız
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Tok Yıldız
- Vocational School of Health Care Services, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey
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Brunero S, Lamont S, Dunn S, Varndell W, Dickens GL. Examining the utility of the Violence Prevention Climate scale: In a metropolitan Australian general hospital. J Clin Nurs 2021; 30:2399-2408. [PMID: 33872428 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate and examine the utility of the Violence Prevention Climate scale by generalist healthcare professionals. BACKGROUND Workplace violence in general hospital settings remains a challenge for healthcare organisations. High rates of violence are still being reported towards healthcare workers, despite organisational violence prevention strategies being implemented. There is a major challenge to healthcare organisation in the measurement of the effectiveness of these interventions, traditionally completed via the reporting and monitoring of workplace violent incidents. A novel approach to measuring workplace violence is by studying hospital atmosphere or climate. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey using the STARD guidelines was used. METHODS The Violence Prevention Climate scale was completed by 194 healthcare staff working in the emergency department, medical/surgical wards, respiratory/infectious disease, spinal care, renal unit, corrections health, and rehabilitation and community services of a major Australian tertiary referral hospital. The Violence Prevention Climate scale has previously been validated and used in mental health settings, but not general hospital settings. A content analysis of an open-ended question on violence prevention management strategies was also conducted. RESULTS Comprising of 14 items with two factors (patients and staff), the study revealed a 9-item staff factor scale that can be used in the general hospital setting, the patient factor did not show adequate reliability. The content analysis revealed seven categories of staff identified violence prevention and management strategies. CONCLUSIONS The use of the 9-item scale across an organisation annually, or added to existing organisational workforce surveys, could prove to be practical way of measuring the social climate of violence in a general hospital setting. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The results of which could guide clinical practice, workplace safety, policy and educational initiatives for the prevention and management of workplace violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Brunero
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.,Southern Cross University, East Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Scott Lamont
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,Southern Cross University, East Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah Dunn
- CNC Respiratory, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wayne Varndell
- Emergency Department, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Geoffrey L Dickens
- Department of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
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Background characteristics and exposure to violence predict well-being at work among psychiatric outpatient nurses. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2021; 35:223-231. [PMID: 33781405 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the well-being at work and analyze relevant predictors of it among nurses working in psychiatric outpatient settings including following specific objectives 1) describe the current state of well-being at work among psychiatric nurses; and 2) examine how background characteristics and exposure to violence predict well-being at work. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey design. METHODS Two-staged sampling was used to select participants from psychiatric outpatient units. Data were collected with printed Nordic Questionnaire for Monitoring the Age Diverse Workforce (QPSNordic-ADW) and Violence Incidence Assessment (VIA-Q) questionnaire from January 2019 to June 2019. Descriptive statistics were performed to summarize the collected data and binary logistic regression was used to identify predictors related to the well-being at work. RESULTS The respondents (n = 181) generally evaluated well-being at work quite positively but were more critical towards interaction with their immediate superior, organizational culture, interaction between work and private life, and organizational commitment. Working experience in psychiatric nursing and experiences of harassment were identified as strong predictors of well-being at work. CONCLUSION The management of healthcare organizations should discuss nursing ethics and morale more, as well as pay attention to the ethical environment to prevent moral distress among nurses. Several weaknesses seem to exist especially in the management of psychiatric outpatient units which influence nurses' well-being at work. Identification of these can help organizations to develop management and implement interventions to increase nurses' well-being at work. Conversations about the managerial culture and collegial climate should also arise at the organizational and unit levels.
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Dadfar M, Lester D. Workplace violence (WPV) in healthcare systems. Nurs Open 2021; 8:527-528. [PMID: 33570294 PMCID: PMC7877157 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Dadfar
- School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health‐Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, International Campus, School of Public HealthStudent Committee of Education and Development Center (EDC)Iran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - David Lester
- Stockton University School of Social and Behavioral SciencesGallowayNJUSA
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The Face of Workplace Violence: Experiences of Healthcare Professionals in Surgical Hospital Wards. Nurs Res Pract 2020; 2020:1854387. [PMID: 32550024 PMCID: PMC7275198 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1854387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Though workplace violence (WPV) is a global problem for healthcare professionals, research within in-hospital care has mainly focused on WPV in emergency healthcare settings. Thus, the number of qualitative studies that explores experiences of WPV in general hospital wards with a longer length of stay is limited. Aim The aim of this study was to explore how healthcare professionals in surgical hospital wards experience and manage WPV perpetrated by patients or visitors. Method The study applied a qualitative, inductive approach using focus group interviews for data collection. A purposeful sample of 16 healthcare professionals working in surgical wards was included. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis. Findings. The analysis resulted in four main themes: workplace violence characteristics, partly predictable yet not prevented, approaching workplace violence, and consequences from workplace violence. During the focus group interviews, the healthcare professionals described various acts of physical violence, verbal abuse, and gender discrimination perpetrated by patients or their visitors. Despite the predictability of some of the incidents, preventive strategies were absent or inadequate, with the healthcare professionals not knowing how to react in these threatful or violent situations. They experienced that WPV could result in negative consequences for the care of both the threatful or violent person and the other patients in the ward. WPV caused the healthcare professionals to feel exposed, scared, and unprotected. Conclusion and clinical implications. Exposure to WPV is a problem for healthcare professionals in surgical wards and has consequences for the patients. Preventive strategies, guidelines, and action plans are urgently needed to minimise the risk of WPV and to ensure a safe work and care environment.
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