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Delforterie MJ, Hesper BL, Nijman HLI, Korzilius HPLM, Turhan A, Didden R. The predictive value of the dynamic risk outcome scales (DROS) for recidivism in (forensic) clients with mild intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2023. [PMID: 36883334 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dynamic risk outcome scales (DROS) was developed to assess treatment progress of clients with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning using dynamic risk factors. We studied the predictive value of the DROS on various classifications and severity levels of recidivism. METHOD Data of 250 forensic clients with intellectual disabilities were linked to recidivism data from the Judicial Information Service in the Netherlands. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analyses were used to determine the predictive values. RESULTS The DROS total score could not significantly predict recidivism. A DROS recidivism subscale predicted general, violent and other recidivism. These predictive values were comparable to those of a Dutch tool validated for risk assessment in the general forensic population. CONCLUSIONS The DROS recidivism subscale predicted various classifications of recidivism better than chance. At present, the DROS appears to have no added value beyond the HKT-30 for the purpose of risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Delforterie
- Trajectum, Specialized and Forensic Care, Zwolle, the Netherlands.,Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - B L Hesper
- Trajectum, Specialized and Forensic Care, Zwolle, the Netherlands
| | - H L I Nijman
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Fivoor, Specialized and Forensic Care, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - H P L M Korzilius
- Institute for Management Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A Turhan
- Trajectum, Specialized and Forensic Care, Zwolle, the Netherlands.,Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - R Didden
- Trajectum, Specialized and Forensic Care, Zwolle, the Netherlands.,Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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2
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Gérain P, Zech E. A Harmful Care: The Association of Informal Caregiver Burnout With Depression, Subjective Health, and Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP9738-NP9762. [PMID: 33399030 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520983259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Providing informal care to a relative can lead to informal caregiver burnout, which is expected to lead to deleterious consequences. Among these consequences lie the risk of perpetrating violent behaviors against the care-recipient, the caregivers' risk of depression, and their low subjective health. To investigate these associations, a sample of 499 informal caregivers completed a questionnaire addressing informal caregiver burnout, depression, subjective health, and violence. Hierarchical regression models were used to investigate the potential association of burnout with these potential consequences, while controlling for sociodemographic variables and received violence. The results show that burnout, and especially emotional exhaustion, is significantly associated with depression, low subjective health, and perpetrated physical violence, but not with perpetrated psychological violence. For both psychological and physical violence, it appears that receiving violence is one of the best predictors of perpetrating violence. With these results, this cross-sectional study confirms the association of informal caregiver burnout with deleterious consequences-even if this observation must be pondered-and the central role of received violence in predicting perpetrated violence, suggesting the risk of violence escalation. The implications of these results suggest that the emotional state of informal caregivers is one of the indicators of potential deleterious consequences and should, as such, be considered as a warning signal by field workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Gérain
- Fonds National pour la Recherche Scientifique, Brussels, Belgium
- UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Emmanuelle Zech
- Fonds National pour la Recherche Scientifique, Brussels, Belgium
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3
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Fujimoto H, Greiner C, Mukaihata T, Hashimoto T. Associations between psychiatric home‐visit nursing staff's exposure to violence and conditions of visit to community‐living individuals with mental illness. Jpn J Nurs Sci 2022; 19:e12485. [DOI: 10.1111/jjns.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chieko Greiner
- Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences Kobe Japan
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Anstis S, Thomas SDM. Exploring the victim offender overlap among people with an intellectual disability. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2022; 35:789-799. [PMID: 35158411 PMCID: PMC9303341 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While there is growing international evidence pointing to the increased risks of crime perpetration and victimisation for some people with an intellectual disability, the overlap between offending and victimisation (the victim-offender overlap) remains unclear. METHOD This study utilised a data linkage methodology of 2600 people with an intellectual disability, exploring their contacts with public mental health services and the police in Victoria, Australia. RESULTS Victim-offenders accounted for a small proportion of the sample (n = 148, 5.7%). The victim-offender overlap was evident for both violent and nonviolent nonsexual crimes, particularly for theft, burglary, and threat-related crimes. Key differences were also noted between males and females. CONCLUSIONS People with an intellectual disability who are both victim and offenders comprise a small but particularly complex justice-involved population. Future research should explore the victim offender overlap for males and females separately, as well as any additional risks and vulnerabilities associated with specific mental health diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Anstis
- Criminology and Justice Studies, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart D M Thomas
- Criminology and Justice Studies, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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de Vogel V, De Beuf T, Shepherd S, Schneider RD. Violence Risk Assessment with the HCR-20V3 in Legal Contexts: A Critical Reflection. J Pers Assess 2022; 104:252-264. [DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2021.2021925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivienne de Vogel
- De Forensische Zorgspecialisten, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tamara De Beuf
- Ottho Gerhard Heldring Institution, Zetten, The Netherland
| | - Stephane Shepherd
- Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science, Victorian Institute of Forensic Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
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de Looff PC, Nijman H, Didden R, Noordzij ML. Usability and Acceptance of Wearable Biosensors in Forensic Psychiatry: Cross-sectional Questionnaire Study. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e18096. [PMID: 33970115 PMCID: PMC8145084 DOI: 10.2196/18096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of wearable biosensor devices for monitoring and coaching in forensic psychiatric settings yields high expectations for improved self-regulation of emotions and behavior in clients and staff members. More so, if clients have mild intellectual disabilities (IQ 50-85), they might benefit from these biosensors as they are easy to use in everyday life, which ensures that clients can practice with the devices in multiple stress and arousal-inducing situations. However, research on (continuous) use and acceptance of biosensors in forensic psychiatry for clients with mild intellectual disabilities and their caretakers is scarce. Although wearable biosensors show promise for health care, recent research showed that the acceptance and continuous use of wearable devices in consumers is not as was anticipated, probably due to low expectations. Objective The main goal of this study was to investigate the associations between and determinants of the expectation of usability, the actual experienced usability, and the intention for continuous use of biosensors. Methods A total of 77 participants (31 forensic clients with mild intellectual disabilities and 46 forensic staff members) participated in a 1-week trial. Preceding the study, we selected 4 devices thought to benefit the participants in domains of self-regulation, physical health, or sleep. Qualitative and quantitative questionnaires were used that explored the determinants of usability, acceptance, and continuous use of biosensors. Questionnaires consisted of the System Usability Scale, the Technology Acceptance Model questionnaire, and the extended expectation confirmation model questionnaire. Results Only the experienced usability of the devices was associated with intended continuous use. Forensic clients scored higher on acceptance and intention for continuous use than staff members. Moderate associations were found between usability with acceptance and continuous use. Staff members showed stronger associations between usability and acceptance (r=.80, P<.001) and usability and continuous use (r=.79, P<.001) than clients, who showed more moderate correlations between usability and acceptance (r=.46, P=.01) and usability and continuous use (r=.52, P=.003). The qualitative questionnaires in general indicated that the devices were easy to use and gave clear information. Conclusions Contrary to expectations, it was the actual perceived usability of wearing a biosensor that was associated with continuous use and to a much lesser extent the expectancy of usability. Clients scored higher on acceptance and intention for continuous use, but associations between usability and both acceptance and continuous use were markedly stronger in staff members. This study provides clear directions on how to further investigate these associations. For example, whether this is a true effect or due to a social desirability bias in the client group must be investigated. Clients with mild intellectual disabilities might benefit from the ease of use of these devices and their continuing monitoring and coaching apps. For these clients, it is especially important to develop easy-to-use biosensors with a minimum requirement on cognitive capacity to increase usability, acceptance, and continuous use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Christiaan de Looff
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,De Borg, Den Dolder, Netherlands.,Fivoor Science and Treatment Innovation, Den Dolder, Netherlands
| | - Henk Nijman
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Fivoor Science and Treatment Innovation, Den Dolder, Netherlands
| | - Robert Didden
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Trajectum, Zwolle, Netherlands
| | - Matthijs L Noordzij
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
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Kharbat FF, Alshawabkeh A, Woolsey ML. Identifying gaps in using artificial intelligence to support students with intellectual disabilities from education and health perspectives. ASLIB J INFORM MANAG 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/ajim-02-2020-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeStudents with developmental/intellectual disabilities (ID/DD) often have serious health issues that require additional medical care and supervision. Serious health issues also mean increased absence and additional lags in academic achievement and development of adaptive and social skills. The incorporation of artificial intelligence in the education of a child with ID/DD could ameliorate the educational, adaptive and social skill gaps that occur as a direct result of persistent health problems.Design/methodology/approachThe literature regarding the use of artificial intelligence in education for students with ID/DD was collected systematically from international online databases based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The collected articles were analyzed deductively, looking for the different gaps in the domain. Based on the literature, an artificial intelligence–based architecture is proposed and sketched.FindingsThe findings show that there are many gaps in supporting students with ID/DD through the utilization of artificial intelligence. Given that the majority of students with ID/DD often have serious and chronic and comorbid health conditions, the potential use of health information in artificial intelligence is even more critical. Therefore, there is a clear need to develop a system that facilitates communication and access to health information for students with ID/DD, one that provides information to caregivers and education providers, limits errors, and, therefore, improves these individuals' education and quality of life.Practical implicationsThis review highlights the gap in the current literature regarding using artificial intelligence in supporting the education of students with ID/DD. There is an urgent need for an intelligent system in collaboration with the updated health information to improve the quality of services submitted for people with intellectual disabilities and as a result improving their quality of life.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by highlighting the gaps in incorporating artificial intelligence and its service to individuals with ID/DD. The research additionally proposes a solution based on the confounding variables of students’ health and individual characteristics. This solution will provide an automated information flow as a functional diagnostic and intervention tool for teachers, caregivers and parents. It could potentially improve the educational and practical outcomes for individuals with ID/DD and, ultimately, their quality of life.
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Lofthouse RE, Golding L, Totsika V, Hastings RP, Lindsay WR. Predicting aggression in adults with intellectual disability: A pilot study of the predictive efficacy of the Current Risk of Violence and the Short Dynamic Risk Scale. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2019; 33:702-710. [PMID: 31496038 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structured assessments have been shown to assist professionals to evaluate the risk of aggression in secure services for general offender populations and more recently among adults with intellectual disabilities. There is a need to develop intellectual disability sensitive measures for predicting risk of aggression in community samples, especially tools with a focus on dynamic variables. METHODS The study prospectively followed 28 participants for up to 2 months to test whether the Current Risk of Violence (CuRV) and Short Dynamic Risk Scale (SDRS) were able to predict verbal and physical aggression in a community sample of adults with intellectual disability. RESULTS CuRV and SDRS ratings significantly predicted verbal and physical aggression over a 2-month period. CONCLUSIONS The current study supports the use of the CuRV with adults with intellectual disability living in community settings. The CuRV and SDRS are worthy of future development and evaluation in independent investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael E Lofthouse
- Specialist Learning Disability Services, Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust, Lancashire, UK
| | - Laura Golding
- Clinical Psychology Programme, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Vasiliki Totsika
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Richard P Hastings
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,CEDAR and Centre for Education Studies (CES), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - William R Lindsay
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,The Danshell Group, UK
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Delforterie M, Hesper B, Didden R. Psychometric properties of the Dynamic Risk Outcome Scales (DROS) for individuals with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning and externalizing behaviour problems. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2018; 33:662-672. [PMID: 30460720 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Dynamic Risk Outcome Scales (DROS), an instrument developed to measure dynamic risk factors in individuals with mild intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning (MID-BIF) and externalizing (including offending-like) behaviour problems. METHOD The sample consisted of 606 clients (86% male) from inpatient treatment wards at a facility for individuals with MID-BIF and externalizing behaviour problems. RESULTS The DROS showed an acceptable factor structure, good internal consistency, significant test-retest reliability and fair to excellent inter-rater reliabilities for most subscales and total score. Compared to the Adult Behavior Checklist (ABCL; Achenbach & Rescorla, 2003 Manual for the ASEBA adult forms and profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families), the DROS showed convergent and divergent validity, concurrent and longitudinal validity. CONCLUSIONS The DROS is a reliable and valid instrument to measure dynamic risk factors in clients with MID-BIF. Future research on the DROS will focus on the assessment of recidivism and the inclusion of internalizing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Didden
- Trajectum, Zwolle, The Netherlands.,Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Souli I, Vandyk A, Versailles D, Marcoux I, Salvador A, Peterson WE, Hu J, Stacey D. [Barriers to and facilitators for using a risk assessment tool to prevent violent behaviour in patients with mental health conditions: Perspectives of health care providers]. Rech Soins Infirm 2018:45-57. [PMID: 30066506 DOI: 10.3917/rsi.133.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Regular assessment of risk of violence is shown to be effective in reducing violence in mental health services. PURPOSE To evaluate health care providers' use of a violence risk assessment tool on a mental health unit and the facilitators for and barriers to its use. METHODS A descriptive study using the Dillman approach and informed by the Knowledge to Action framework was conducted. RESULTS Twenty-six health care providers responded to the survey; 62% reported using the violence risk assessment tool available on their unit, but not on a daily basis. Common barriers were lack of knowledge of the tool, lack of resources and time, and negative attitudes toward patients. 42% of participants indicated the need for further training on violence risk assessment. CONCLUSION Despite high exposure to violence, health professionals were not conducting daily risk assessments. The barriers and facilitators identified provide direction for interventions that are necessary if the daily use of violence risk assessment tools is to be increased.
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