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Leso V, Scalfi L, Giordano A, Reppuccia L, Guarino D, Fedele M, Iavicoli I. Association between health-related physical fitness indicators and working ability: a systematic review. J Occup Health 2024; 66:uiad006. [PMID: 38258935 PMCID: PMC11020302 DOI: 10.1093/joccuh/uiad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Work ability (WA) reflects a balance between work demands and an individual's ability to meet them. It is influenced by several occupational and health-related factors including the individual's physical fitness (PF). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to provide an overview of the possible relationship between PF measures and the individual's WA. METHODS A systematic review of studies published up to December 1, 2022 and available in PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases, was performed. Results have been summarized according to the specific PF parameter explored. RESULTS The 14 reviewed studies, enrolling 47 to 1005 workers, all showed a satisfactory methodological quality. Some positive evidence emerged for a possible association between changes in aerobic capacity, walking speed, balance, flexibility, muscle strength, and WA perception. However, the limited number of studies, their cross-sectional design, the different PF performance indicators, populations, and job tasks explored prevented definite conclusions. CONCLUSIONS Future longitudinal studies should be planned to confirm such positive results and identify PF indicators better predictive for changes in the WA of employees engaged in specific job tasks, particularly in physically demanding activities. This may be helpful to include PF performance tests in occupational health practice as an integrated part of risk assessment and management strategies as well as in health and well-being promotion plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veruscka Leso
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Scalfi
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University Hospital, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Giordano
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Liberata Reppuccia
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Guarino
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Fedele
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Leso V, Battistini B, Vetrani I, Reppuccia L, Fedele M, Ruggieri F, Bocca B, Iavicoli I. The endocrine disrupting effects of nanoplastic exposure: A systematic review. Toxicol Ind Health 2023; 39:613-629. [PMID: 37753827 DOI: 10.1177/07482337231203053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Good mechanical properties and low costs have led to a global expansion of plastic production and use. Unfortunately, much of this material can be released into the environment as a waste product and cleaved into micro- and nanoplastics (NPs) whose impact on the environment and human health is still largely unknown. Considering the growing worldwide awareness on exposure to chemicals that can act as endocrine disruptors, a systematic review was performed to assess the impact of NPs on the endocrine function of in vitro and in vivo models. Although a limited number of investigations is currently available, retrieved findings showed that NPs may induce changes in endocrine system functionality, with evident alterations in reproductive and thyroid hormones and gene expression patterns, also with a trans-generational impact. Nanoplastic size, concentration, and the co-exposure to other endocrine disrupting pollutants may have an influencing role on these effects. Overall, although it is still too early to draw conclusions regarding the human health risks derived from NPs, these preliminary results support the need for further studies employing a wider range of plastic polymer types, concentrations, and time points as well as species and life stages to address a great variety of endocrine outcomes and to achieve a broader and shared consensus on the role of NPs as endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veruscka Leso
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Beatrice Battistini
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Vetrani
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Liberata Reppuccia
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Fedele
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Ruggieri
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Al-Dossary RN, AlMahmoud S, Banakhar MA, Alamri M, Albaqawi H, Al Hosis K, Aljohani MS, Alrasheadi B, Falatah R, Almadani N, Aljohani K, Alharbi J, Almazan JU. The relationship between nurses' risk assessment and management, fear perception, and mental wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:992466. [PMID: 36438216 PMCID: PMC9685659 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.992466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During this pandemic, it is crucial to implement early interventions to help nurses manage their mental wellbeing by providing them with information regarding coping skills, preventive risk assessment approaches (such as hospital preparedness and rapid risk assessment), and the ability to respond. This study evaluated the effect of fear and risk assessment management on nurses' mental wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. A total of 507 nurses who worked in tertiary public hospitals were asked to take a descriptive design survey. Three survey scales were used to assess the survey: the Risk Assessment Scale, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale. Independent t-tests and a one-way ANOVA were used to examine the association between fear of COVID-19 and nurses' demographic characteristics on their mental wellbeing. A multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the predictors associated with mental wellbeing. Findings revealed that almost half of the participants showed moderate positive mental wellbeing, 49.7%, while only 14% had low levels of fear on the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well being Scale. Most of the respondents had low levels of fear on the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, 45%, while only 15% had high levels of fear on the scale. Then, some demographic variables, such as "age," "nationality," "total years of experience in the current hospital," and "region you work at" had statistically significant differences with p < 0.5. Meanwhile, risk assessment is also associated with mental wellbeing scores. All items on the Fear of COVID-19 Scale showed no significant difference with a P > 0.05. In conclusion, most nurses providing direct patient care to a patient with COVID-19 emphasized the importance of wearing PPE and performing hand hygiene before and after any clean or aseptic procedure. Meanwhile, although almost all nurses were vaccinated, they were still afraid of a COVID-19 infection. Additionally, the results reported that the older the nurses are, the better their mental wellbeing scores. Non-Saudi nurses had higher perceived mental wellbeing scores than Saudi nurses, and different working environments corresponded to different mental wellbeing scores. Finally, nurses' risk assessment was associated with mental wellbeing scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem N. Al-Dossary
- Nursing Education Department, Nursing College, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sana AlMahmoud
- Nursing Education Department, Nursing College, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram Ahmed Banakhar
- Public Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Alamri
- Nursing Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khaled Al Hosis
- Department of Nursing Education, Nursing College, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S. Aljohani
- Medical and Surgical Department, Nursing College, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Alrasheadi
- Nursing Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawaih Falatah
- Nursing Administration and Education Department, College of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura Almadani
- Community Health Nursing Department, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Aljohani
- Community Health Nursing Department, Nursing College, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jalal Alharbi
- Nursing Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Albatin, Hafar Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joseph U. Almazan
- Medicine Department, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan,*Correspondence: Joseph U. Almazan ;
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Badida P, Janakiraman S, Jayaprakash J. Occupational health and safety risk assessment using a fuzzy multi-criteria approach in a hospital in Chennai, India. Int J Occup Saf Ergon 2022:1-10. [PMID: 36004476 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2022.2109323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. Hospitals provide direct and indirect employment benefits to medical professionals. Accidents in hospitals often lead to disastrous consequences such as fatalities, property damage and economic losses. It is, therefore, imperative to have an occupational health and safety (OHS) policy that aims to reduce work-related accidents to acceptable levels. This study aims to investigate health risks to staff from various hazards and suggest control measures to prevent recurrence of accidents. Methods. A two-stage fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach incorporating the fuzzy analytical hierarchical process (FAHP) and fuzzy technique for order preference for similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) was applied to assess the hazards in a leading multi-speciality hospital in Chennai. Results. The top three hazards identified in the workplace were electrical hazards, faulty medical equipment, and ventilation and air conditioning hazards. Subsequently, control measures were suggested to reduce the recurrence of hazards. Finally, a survey of hospital accidents occurring in India between 2010 and 2020 was conducted and compared with the results of this study. Conclusions. The survey findings show similarity to the hazard rankings obtained in this work, thus validating the methodology used for the assessment of hazards in hospitals. Electrical hazards and faulty medical equipment should be monitored.
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Leeftink AG, Visser J, de Laat JM, van der Meij NTM, Vos JBH, Valk GD. Reducing failures in daily medical practice: Healthcare failure mode and effect analysis combined with computer simulation. Ergonomics 2021; 64:1322-1332. [PMID: 33829959 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2021.1910734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes a risk analysis approach for complex healthcare processes that combines qualitative and quantitative methods to improve patient safety. We combine Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis with Computer Simulation (HFMEA-CS), to overcome widely recognised HFMEA drawbacks regarding the reproducibility and validity of the outcomes due to human interpretation, and show the application of this methodology in a complex healthcare setting. HFMEA-CS is applied to analyse drug adherence performance in the surgical admission to discharge process of pheochromocytoma patients. The multidisciplinary team identified and scored the failure modes, and the simulation model supported in prioritisation of failure modes, uncovered dependencies between failure modes, and predicted the impact of measures on system behaviour. The results show that drug adherence, defined as the percentage of required drugs received at the right time, can be significantly improved with 12%, to reach a drug adherence of 99%. We conclude that HFMEA-CS is both a viable and effective risk analysis approach, combining strengths of expert opinion and quantitative analysis, for analysing human-system interactions in socio-technical systems. Practitioner summary: We propose combining Healthcare Failure Mode and Effects Analysis with Computer Simulation (HFMEA-CS) for prospective risk analysis of complex and potentially harmful processes, to prevent critical incidents from occurring. HFMEA-CS combines expert opinions with quantitative analyses, such that the results are more reliable, reproducible, and fitting for complex healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Leeftink
- Center for Healthcare Operations Improvement and Research, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - J Visser
- Center for Healthcare Operations Improvement and Research, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - J M de Laat
- Department of Endocrine Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N T M van der Meij
- Department of Endocrine Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J B H Vos
- Department of Quality and Safety; Division Imaging & Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - G D Valk
- Department of Endocrine Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Leso V, Ercolano ML, Mazzotta I, Romano M, Cannavacciuolo F, Iavicoli I. Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing: Implications for Risk Assessment and Management in Occupational Settings. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 65:617-634. [PMID: 33616163 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread application of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, commonly known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, in industrial and home-business sectors, and the expected increase in the number of workers and consumers that use these devices, have raised concerns regarding the possible health implications of 3D printing emissions. To inform the risk assessment and management processes, this review evaluates available data concerning exposure assessment in AM workplaces and possible effects of 3D printing emissions on humans identified through in vivo and in vitro models in order to inform risk assessment and management processes. Peer-reviewed literature was identified in Pubmed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases. The literature demonstrated that a significant fraction of the particles released during 3D printing could be in the ultrafine size range. Depending upon the additive material composition, increased levels of metals and volatile organic compounds could be detected during AM operations, compared with background levels. AM phases, specific job tasks performed, and preventive measures adopted may all affect exposure levels. Regarding possible health effects, printer emissions were preliminary reported to affect the respiratory system of involved workers. The limited number of workplace studies, together with the great variety of AM techniques and additive materials employed, limit generalizability of exposure features. Therefore, greater scientific efforts should be focused at understanding sources, magnitudes, and possible health effects of exposures to develop suitable processes for occupational risk assessment and management of AM technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veruscka Leso
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Luigia Ercolano
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ines Mazzotta
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Romano
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Cannavacciuolo
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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7
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Spadarella E, Leso V, Fontana L, Giordano A, Iavicoli I. Occupational Risk Factors and Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18168277. [PMID: 34444025 PMCID: PMC8392340 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP), including gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia (PE), characterize a major cause of maternal and prenatal morbidity and mortality. In this systematic review, we tested the hypothesis that occupational factors would impact the risk for HDP in pregnant workers. MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge databases were searched for studies published between database inception and 1 April 2021. All observational studies enrolling > 10 pregnant workers and published in English were included. Un-experimental, non-occupational human studies were excluded. Evidence was synthesized according to the risk for HDP development in employed women, eventually exposed to chemical, physical, biological and organizational risk factors. The evidence quality was assessed through the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Out of 745 records identified, 27 were eligible. No definite conclusions could be extrapolated for the majority of the examined risk factors, while more homogenous data supported positive associations between job-strain and HDP risk. Limitations due to the lack of suitable characterizations of workplace exposure (i.e., doses, length, co-exposures) and possible interplay with personal issues should be deeply addressed. This may be helpful to better assess occupational risks for pregnant women and plan adequate measures of control to protect their health and that of their children.
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Bani Hani D, Huangfu R, Sesek R, Schall MC, Davis GA, Gallagher S. Development and validation of a cumulative exposure shoulder risk assessment tool based on fatigue failure theory. Ergonomics 2021; 64:39-54. [PMID: 32812850 DOI: 10.1080/00140139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present a new risk assessment tool for shoulder intensive occupational tasks based on fatigue failure theory. METHODS The tool estimates cumulative damage (CD) based on shoulder moments and loading cycles using an S-N curve derived from in vitro tendon fatigue failure tests. If multiple shoulder tasks are performed, the CD for each is summed. In the validation, 293 workers were evaluated for five separate shoulder outcomes. Logistic regression was used to assess the log CD against five shoulder outcomes adjusted for covariates including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and plant site. RESULTS Both crude and adjusted logistic regression results demonstrated strong dose-response associations between the log CD measure and all five shoulder outcomes (continuous ORs ranged from 2.12 to 5.20). CONCLUSIONS The CD measure of The Shoulder Tool demonstrated dose-response relationships with multiple health outcomes. This provides further support that MSDs may be the result of a fatigue failure process. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY This study presents a new, easy-to-use risk assessment tool for occupational tasks involving stressful shoulder exertions. The tool is based on fatigue failure theory. The tool was tested against an existing epidemiology study and demonstrated strong relationships to multiple shoulder outcomes. ABBREVIATIONS MSD: musculoskeletal disorder; NORA: national occupational research agenda; RULA: rapid upper limb assessment; REBA: rapid entire body assessment; S-N: stress-number of cycles; EDL: extensor digitorum longus; DPC: damage per cycle; CD: cumulative damage; UTS: ultimate tensile strength; FTOV: first time office visit; 3DSSPP: 3-dimensional static strength prediction program; AS: visual analogue scale; BMI: body mass index; CI: confidence interval; Nm: newton-metre; LiFFT: lifting fatigue failure tool; DUET: distal upper extremity tool; OMNI-RES: OMNI resistance exercise scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Bani Hani
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Rong Huangfu
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Richard Sesek
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Mark C Schall
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Gerard A Davis
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Sean Gallagher
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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9
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Bani Hani D, Huangfu R, Sesek R, Schall MC, Davis GA, Gallagher S. Development and validation of a cumulative exposure shoulder risk assessment tool based on fatigue failure theory. Ergonomics 2021; 64:39-54. [PMID: 32812850 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2020.1811399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present a new risk assessment tool for shoulder intensive occupational tasks based on fatigue failure theory. METHODS The tool estimates cumulative damage (CD) based on shoulder moments and loading cycles using an S-N curve derived from in vitro tendon fatigue failure tests. If multiple shoulder tasks are performed, the CD for each is summed. In the validation, 293 workers were evaluated for five separate shoulder outcomes. Logistic regression was used to assess the log CD against five shoulder outcomes adjusted for covariates including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and plant site. RESULTS Both crude and adjusted logistic regression results demonstrated strong dose-response associations between the log CD measure and all five shoulder outcomes (continuous ORs ranged from 2.12 to 5.20). CONCLUSIONS The CD measure of The Shoulder Tool demonstrated dose-response relationships with multiple health outcomes. This provides further support that MSDs may be the result of a fatigue failure process. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY This study presents a new, easy-to-use risk assessment tool for occupational tasks involving stressful shoulder exertions. The tool is based on fatigue failure theory. The tool was tested against an existing epidemiology study and demonstrated strong relationships to multiple shoulder outcomes. ABBREVIATIONS MSD: musculoskeletal disorder; NORA: national occupational research agenda; RULA: rapid upper limb assessment; REBA: rapid entire body assessment; S-N: stress-number of cycles; EDL: extensor digitorum longus; DPC: damage per cycle; CD: cumulative damage; UTS: ultimate tensile strength; FTOV: first time office visit; 3DSSPP: 3-dimensional static strength prediction program; AS: visual analogue scale; BMI: body mass index; CI: confidence interval; Nm: newton-metre; LiFFT: lifting fatigue failure tool; DUET: distal upper extremity tool; OMNI-RES: OMNI resistance exercise scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Bani Hani
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Rong Huangfu
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Richard Sesek
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Mark C Schall
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Gerard A Davis
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Sean Gallagher
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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10
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Lofthouse RE, Golding L, Totsika V, Hastings RP, Lindsay WR. Predicting aggression in adults with intellectual disability: A pilot study of the predictive efficacy of the Current Risk of Violence and the Short Dynamic Risk Scale. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil 2019; 33:702-710. [PMID: 31496038 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structured assessments have been shown to assist professionals to evaluate the risk of aggression in secure services for general offender populations and more recently among adults with intellectual disabilities. There is a need to develop intellectual disability sensitive measures for predicting risk of aggression in community samples, especially tools with a focus on dynamic variables. METHODS The study prospectively followed 28 participants for up to 2 months to test whether the Current Risk of Violence (CuRV) and Short Dynamic Risk Scale (SDRS) were able to predict verbal and physical aggression in a community sample of adults with intellectual disability. RESULTS CuRV and SDRS ratings significantly predicted verbal and physical aggression over a 2-month period. CONCLUSIONS The current study supports the use of the CuRV with adults with intellectual disability living in community settings. The CuRV and SDRS are worthy of future development and evaluation in independent investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael E Lofthouse
- Specialist Learning Disability Services, Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust, Lancashire, UK
| | - Laura Golding
- Clinical Psychology Programme, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Vasiliki Totsika
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Richard P Hastings
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,CEDAR and Centre for Education Studies (CES), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - William R Lindsay
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,The Danshell Group, UK
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Gris JC, Aoun J, Rzaguliyeva L, Begum R, Salah H, Tugushi T, Ghani-Chabouk M, Zibdeh M, Jassar WA, Abboud J, Meziane N, Ajayi GO, Hossain N, Pyregov A, Abduljabbar H, Snyman LC, Rachdi R, Tahlak MA, Najmutdinova D. Risk Assessment and Management of Venous Thromboembolism in Women during Pregnancy and Puerperium (SAVE): An International, Cross-sectional Study. TH Open 2018; 2:e116-e130. [PMID: 31249935 PMCID: PMC6524867 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1635573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical burden of obstetric venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk is inadequately established. This study assessed the prevalence and management of VTE risk during pregnancy and postpartum outside the Western world. This international, noninterventional study enrolled adult women with objectively confirmed pregnancy attending prenatal care/obstetric centers across 18 countries in Africa, Eurasia, Middle-East, and South Asia. Evaluations included proportions of at-risk women, prophylaxis as per international guidelines, prophylaxis type, factors determining prophylaxis, and physicians' awareness about VTE risk management guidelines and its impact on treatment decision. Data were analyzed globally and regionally. Physicians (
N
= 181) screened 4,978 women, and 4,010 were eligible. Of these, 51.4% were at risk (Eurasia, 90%; South Asia, 19.9%), mostly mild in intensity; >90% received prophylaxis as per the guidelines (except South Asia, 77%). Women in Eurasia and South Asia received both pharmacological and mechanical prophylaxes (>55%), while pharmacological prophylaxis (>50%) predominated in Africa and the Middle-East. Low-molecular-weight heparin was the pharmacological agent of choice. Prophylaxis decision was influenced by ethnicity, assisted reproductive techniques, caesarean section, and persistent moderate/high titer of anticardiolipin antibodies, though variable across regions. Prophylaxis decision in at-risk women was similar, irrespective of physicians' awareness of guidelines (except South Asia). A majority (>80%) of the physicians claimed to follow the guidelines. More than 50% of women during pregnancy and postpartum were at risk of VTE, and >90% received prophylaxis as per the guidelines. Physicians are generally aware of VTE risk and comply with guidelines while prescribing prophylaxis, although regional variations necessitate efforts to improve implementation of the guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Gris
- Department of Haematology, University of Montpellier and University Hospital of Nîmes, France
| | | | | | - Rowshan Begum
- Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hassan Salah
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Tatia Tugushi
- Reproductive Health Center "Fertimed," Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | - Mazen Zibdeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gardens Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Joe Abboud
- Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Godwin-Olufemi Ajayi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Nazli Hossain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Alexey Pyregov
- Scientific Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Leon C Snyman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Pretoria and Kalafong Provincial Tertiary Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Muna-Abdulrazzaq Tahlak
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics, Latifa Hospital, Al Jaddaf, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dilbar Najmutdinova
- Republican Specialized Scientific Practical Medical Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
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12
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Leso V, Fontana L, Marinaccio A, Leopold K, Fanali C, Lucchetti D, Sgambato A, Iavicoli I. Palladium nanoparticle effects on endocrine reproductive system of female rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 37:1069-1079. [PMID: 29405765 DOI: 10.1177/0960327118756722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The widespread industrial application of nanomaterials (NMs) has dramatically increased the likelihood of environmental and occupational exposure of humans to such xenobiotics. This issue, together with the increasing public health interest in understanding the effects of chemicals on endocrine system, encouraged to investigate the disruptive potential of NMs on the endocrine function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of palladium nanoparticles (Pd-NPs) on the female reproductive system of Wistar rats, intravenously exposed to different doses (0.12, 1.2, and 12 µg/kg), through the assessment of possible quantitative changes in the serum concentrations of several sex hormones. Our results demonstrated that the highest exposure doses significantly reduced the estradiol and testosterone concentrations, while increased the luteinizing hormone levels in treated animals compared to controls. Such alterations are indicative for an abnormal reproductive axis function. However, further investigations are needed to clarify the role of the different NP physicochemical properties in determining such effects, and possible underlining molecular mechanisms, as well as their relevance for the development of diseases in the female reproductive system. Overall, this may be helpful to define accurate risk assessment and management strategies to protect the health of the general and occupational populations exposed to Pd-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Leso
- 1 Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - L Fontana
- 2 Institute of Public Health, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - A Marinaccio
- 3 Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Unit of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority, Rome, Italy
| | - K Leopold
- 4 Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - C Fanali
- 5 Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - D Lucchetti
- 5 Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - A Sgambato
- 5 Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - I Iavicoli
- 1 Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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13
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Abstract
The Revised Strain Index (RSI) is a distal upper extremity (DUE) physical exposure assessment model based on: intensity of exertion, frequency of exertion, duration per exertion, hand/wrist posture and duration of task per day. The RSI improves upon the 1995 Strain Index (SI) by using continuous rather than categorical multipliers, and replacing duty cycle with duration per exertion. In a simulation of 13,944 tasks, the RSI and 1995 SI showed good agreement in risk predictions for 1995 SI scores ≤3 (safe) and >13.5 (hazardous). For tasks with 1995 SI scores of >3 and ≤13.5, the two models showed marked disagreement, with the RSI providing much greater discriminations between 'safe' and 'hazardous' tasks for various combinations of force, repetition and duty cycle. We believe the RSI is a substantially improved model that will be useful for DUE task analysis, intervention and design. Practitioner Summary: RSI is a substantial improvement over the 1995 SI. It should be a valuable tool for designing and analysing tasks to determine risk of musculoskeletal injuries. RSI is applicable to a wide variety of tasks including very low force and very high repetition tasks such as keyboard use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Garg
- a Occupational Science & Technology , University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee , Milwaukee , WI , USA
| | - J Steven Moore
- b School of Rural Public Health , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA
| | - Jay M Kapellusch
- a Occupational Science & Technology , University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee , Milwaukee , WI , USA
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14
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to survey multidisciplinary mental health staff on their perceptions of risk assessment and management practices in a local health district in Sydney. METHODS The research team developed the risk assessment and management survey (RAMS) which was distributed to staff across the district from November 2013 to January 2014. RESULTS A total of 340 RAMS were distributed and 164 were returned (48% response rate). There was considerable agreement that risk assessment and management is essential to maintaining safety and delivering good mental health care, and respondents reported high levels of confidence in their judgement when carrying out such practices. Respondents identified organisational pressure in relation to risk assessment and management but also felt supported. However, 65% of respondents considered that there 'is good evidence that risk assessment and management practices are effective in reducing risk in mental health care', when this is not the case. CONCLUSION The confidence that clinicians placed in risk assessment and management practices (despite an absence of evidence) is disconcerting. Given the dominance of risk assessment and management, health services mandating such practices have a duty to inform employees of the current evidence base for this approach in reducing risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Wand
- Associate Professor, University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Concord, NSW, and; Nurse Practitioner, Mental Health Liaison, Emergency Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sophie Isobel
- Grad Cert, Child and Family Health, Clinical Nurse Consultant, Quality and Research, Sydney Local Health District, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate Derrick
- Grad Cert, Mental Health, Clinical Nurse Consultant, Mental Health Liaison, Emergency Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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15
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Jia S, Yuan Q, Pei X, Wang F, Hu N, Yao K, Wang Z. Rice transgene flow: its patterns, model and risk management. Plant Biotechnol J 2014; 12:1259-1270. [PMID: 25431202 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Progress has been made in a 12 year's systemic study on the rice transgene flow including (i) with experiments conducted at multiple locations and years using up to 21 pollen recipients, we have elucidated the patterns of transgene flow to different types of rice. The frequency to male sterile lines is 10(1) and 10(3) higher than that to O. rufipogon and rice cultivars. Wind speed and direction are the key meteorological factors affecting rice transgene flow. (ii) A regional applicable rice gene flow model is established and used to predict the maximum threshold distances (MTDs) of gene flow during 30 years in 993 major rice producing counties of southern China. The MTD0.1% for rice cultivars is basically ≤5 m in the whole region, despite climate differs significantly at diverse locations and years. This figure is particularly valuable for the commercialization and regulation of transgenic rice. (iii) The long-term fate of transgene integrated into common wild rice was investigated. Results demonstrated that the F1 hybrids of transgenic rice/O. rufipogon gradually disappeared within 3-5 years, and the Bt or bar gene was not detectable in the mixed population, suggesting the O. rufipogon may possess a strong mechanism of exclusiveness for self-protection. (iv) The flowering time isolation and a 2-m-high cloth-screen protection were proved to be effective in reducing transgene flow. We have proposed to use a principle of classification and threshold management for different types of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirong Jia
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Jacobs JF, van de Poel I, Osseweijer P. Sunscreens with Titanium Dioxide (TiO(2)) Nano-Particles: A Societal Experiment. Nanoethics 2010; 4:103-113. [PMID: 20835397 PMCID: PMC2933802 DOI: 10.1007/s11569-010-0090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The risks of novel technologies, such as nano(bio)technology cannot be fully assessed due to the existing uncertainties surrounding their introduction into society. Consequently, the introduction of innovative technologies can be conceptualised as a societal experiment, which is a helpful approach to evaluate moral acceptability. This approach is illustrated with the marketing of sunscreens containing nano-sized titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) particles. We argue that the marketing of this TiO(2) nanomaterial in UV protective cosmetics is ethically undesirable, since it violates four reasonable moral conditions for societal experimentation (absence of alternatives, controllability, limited informed consent, and continuing evaluation). To remedy the current way nano-sized TiO(2) containing sunscreens are utilised, we suggest five complementing actions (closing the gap, setup monitoring tools, continuing review, designing for safety, and regulative improvements) so that its marketing can become more acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes F. Jacobs
- Department of Philosophy, School of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- Biotechnology and Society, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ibo van de Poel
- Department of Philosophy, School of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Osseweijer
- Biotechnology and Society, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
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