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Wang P, Li Z, Ye D. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals the Wnt/Ca 2+ signaling pathway with inflammation, apoptosis in nucleus pulposus degeneration. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:321. [PMID: 38654287 PMCID: PMC11036596 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07368-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing studies have shown degeneration of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) as an critical part of the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). However, there are relatively few studies on single-cell transcriptome contrasts in human degenerated NPCs. Moreover, differences in Wnt/Ca2+ signaling in human degenerated nucleus pulposus cells have not been elucidated. The aim of this study is to investigate the differential expression of Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway between normal and degenerated nucleus pulposus cells in humans and try to investigate its mechanism. METHODS We performed bioinformatics analysis using our previously published findings to construct single cell expression profiles of normal and degenerated nucleus pulposus. Then, in-depth differential analysis was used to characterize the expression of Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway between normal and degenerated nucleus pulposus cells in humans. RESULTS The obtained cell data were clustered into five different chondrocytes clusters, which chondrocyte 4 and chondrocyte 5 mainly accounted for a high proportion in degenerated nucleus pulposus tissues, but rarely in normal nucleus pulposus tissues. Genes associated within the Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway, such as Wnt5B, FZD1, PLC (PLCB1), CaN (PPP3CA) and NAFATC1 are mainly present in chondrocyte 3, chondrocyte 4 and chondrocyte 5 from degenerated nucleus pulposus tissues. In addition, as a receptor that activates Wnt signaling pathway, LRP5 is mainly highly expressed in chondrocyte 5 of degenerated nucleus pulposus cells. Six genes, ANGPTL4, PTGES, IGFBP3, GDF15, TRIB3 and TNFRSF10B, which are associated with apoptosis and inflammatory responses, and are widespread in chondrocyte 4 and chondrocyte 5, may be closely related to degenerative of nucleus pulposus cells. CONCLUSIONS Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed differential expression of Wnt/Ca2+ signaling in human normal and degenerated nucleus pulposus cells, and this differential expression may be closely related to the abundance of chondrocyte 4 and chondrocyte 5 in degenerated nucleus pulposus cells. In degenerated nucleus pulposus cells, LRP5 activate Wnt5B, which promotes nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis and inflammatory response by regulating the Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway, thereby promoting disc degeneration. ANGPTL4, IGFBP3, PTGES in chondrocyte 4 and TRIB3, GDF15, TNFRSF10B in chondrocyte 5 may play an important role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peigeng Wang
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510220, China
- Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, China
| | - Zhencong Li
- Department of Spinal Degeneration and Deformity Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, 524001, China
| | - Dongping Ye
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510220, China.
- Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, China.
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2
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Wang C, Li Y, Miao X, Wang Y, Yang G. Knockdown of LRP5 Promotes Proliferation and Invasion of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma through Compensatory Activation of Akt Signaling. J Cancer 2024; 15:3215-3226. [PMID: 38706907 PMCID: PMC11064261 DOI: 10.7150/jca.93585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of LRP5, a critical receptor in the Wnt signaling pathway, remains unexplored in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). This study investigates the impact of LRP5 knockdown on the biological behaviors of TSCC cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings indicate that LRP5 knockdown significantly enhances cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in CAL27 and SCC25 cell lines. RNA-seq analysis reveals compensatory activation of the Akt pathway, with 119 genes significantly upregulated post-LRP5 knockdown. Elevated MMP1 expression suggests its potential involvement in TSCC progression. Western blot analysis demonstrates increased Akt phosphorylation, upregulated proliferation-related PCNA, and downregulated apoptosis-related caspase-3 after LRP5 knockdown. Down-regulation of E-cadherin and β-Catenin, proteins associated with cell adhesion and invasion, further elucidates the molecular mechanism underlying increased cell migration and invasion. Our study concludes that compensatory Akt pathway activation is essential for the LRP5 knockdown-induced migration and proliferation of CAL27 and SCC25 cells. These results highlight LRP5 as a potential therapeutic target for TSCC. Simultaneous inhibition of Wnt and Akt signaling emerges as a promising approach for TSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Guoli Yang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
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3
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Yuan D, Zheng Z, Shen C, Ye J, Zhu L. Cytoprotective effects of C1s enzyme in macrophages in atherosclerosis mediated through the LRP5 and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Mol Immunol 2024; 166:29-38. [PMID: 38218080 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
C1s enzyme (active C1s) is a subunit of the complement C1 complex that cleaves low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 5 and 6, leading to Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation in some cell lines. Macrophages have two major functional polarization states (the classically activated M1 state and the alternatively activated M2 state) and play an essential role in atherosclerosis. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that canonical Wnt signaling is related to macrophage polarization. In this study, we explored the cytoprotective effects of C1s enzyme in macrophages. The results show that C1s enzyme activates canonical Wnt signaling in macrophages, exacerbates macrophage M2 polarization, and inhibits M1 polarization. Moreover, C1s enzyme reduces foam cell formation and simultaneously enhances efferocytosis. This study reveals a novel function of C1s enzyme in macrophages in the context of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yuan
- The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | | | - Cheng Shen
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Ye
- The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China.
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Wei Y, Yun X, Guan Y, Cao S, Li X, Wang Y, Meng H, Liu Y, Quan Q, Wei M. Wnt3a-Modified Nanofiber Scaffolds Facilitate Tendon Healing by Driving Macrophage Polarization during Repair. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:9010-9023. [PMID: 36758166 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is part of the natural healing response, but persistent inflammatory events tend to contribute to pathology changes of tendon or ligament. Phenotypic switching of macrophages within the inflammatory niche is crucial for tendon healing. One viable strategy to improve the functional and biomechanical properties of ruptured tendons is to modulate the transition from inflammatory to regenerative signals during tendon regeneration at the site of injury. Here, we developed a tendon repair scaffold made of biodegradable polycaprolactone by electrospinning, which was modified to deliver Wnt3a protein and served as an implant to improve tendon healing in a rat model of Achilles tendon defect. During the in vitro study, Wnt3a protein promoted the polarization of M2 macrophages. In the in vivo experiment, Wnt3a scaffold promoted the early recruitment and counting curve of macrophages and increased the proportion of M2 macrophages. Achilles function index and mechanical properties showed that the implantation effect of the Wnt3a group was better than that of the control group. We believe that this type of scaffold can be used to repair tendon defects. This work highlights the beneficial role of local delivery of biological factors in directing inflammatory responses toward regenerative strategies in tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xing Yun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yanjun Guan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma &War Injuries PLA, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shunze Cao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Xiangling Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma &War Injuries PLA, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma &War Injuries PLA, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Haoye Meng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma &War Injuries PLA, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Qi Quan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma &War Injuries PLA, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Min Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
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Luquero A, Vilahur G, Casani L, Badimon L, Borrell-Pages M. Differential cholesterol uptake in liver cells: A role for PCSK9. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22291. [PMID: 35344222 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101660rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The clearance of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles from the circulation is regulated by the LDL receptor (LDLR) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) interaction. Its disruption reduces blood cholesterol levels and delays atherosclerosis progression. Whether other members of the LDLR superfamily are in vivo targets of PCSK9 has been poorly explored. The aim of this work was to study the interaction between PCSK9 and members of the LDLR superfamily in the regulation of liver cholesterol homeostasis in an in vivo low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 5 (LRP5) deficient mice model challenged with high-fat diet. Our results show that Wt and Lrp5-/- mice fed a hypercholesterolemic diet (HC) have increased cholesterol ester accumulation and decreased liver LDLR and LRP5 gene and protein expression. Very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), LRP6, LRP2, and LRP1 expression levels were analyzed in liver samples and show that they do not participate in Lrp5-/- liver cholesterol uptake. Immunoprecipitation experiments show that LRP5 forms a complex with PCSK9 in liver-specific fat-storing stellate cells but not in structural HepG2 cells. Hepatic stellate cells silenced for LRP5 and/or PCSK9 expression and challenged with lipids show reduced cholesterol ester accumulation, indicating that both proteins are involved in lipid processing in the liver. Our results indicate that cholesterol esters accumulate in livers of Wt mice in a LDLR-family-members dependent manner as VLDLR, LRP2, and LRP6 show increased expression in HC mice. However, this increase is lost in livers of Lrp5-/- mice, where scavenger receptors are involved in cholesterol uptake. PCSK9 expression is strongly downregulated in mice livers after HC feeding. However PCSK9 and LRP5 bind in the cytoplasm of fat storing liver cells, indicating that this PCSK9-LRP5 interaction is cell-type specific and that both proteins contribute to lipid uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aureli Luquero
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Research Institute, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Research Institute, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER-CV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Laura Casani
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Research Institute, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Research Institute, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER-CV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.,Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Borrell-Pages
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Research Institute, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER-CV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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6
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Hamelin Morrissette J, Tremblay D, Marcotte-Chénard A, Lizotte F, Brunet MA, Laurent B, Riesco E, Geraldes P. Transcriptomic modulation in response to high-intensity interval training in monocytes of older women with type 2 diabetes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1085-1095. [PMID: 35182182 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04911-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Type 2 diabetes is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, lowering the quality of life and increasing mortality rates of affected individuals. Circulating monocytes are tightly involved in the atherosclerosis process leading to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and their inflammatory profile can be modified by exercise. The objective was to exploratory identify genes associated with CVD that could be regulated by high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in monocytes of type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS Next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses were conducted on isolated circulating monocytes (CD14+) of six women aged 60 and over with type 2 diabetes who completed a 12-week supervised HIIT intervention on a treadmill. RESULTS Following the intervention, a reduction of resting diastolic blood pressure was observed. Concomitant with this result, 56 genes were found to be downregulated following HIIT intervention in isolated monocytes. A large proportion of the regulated genes was involved in cellular adhesion, migration and differentiation into an "atherosclerosis-specific" macrophage phenotype. CONCLUSION The downregulation of transcripts in monocytes globally suggests a favorable cardiovascular effect of the HIIT in older women with type 2 diabetes. In the context of precision medicine and personalized exercise prescription, shedding light on the fundamental mechanisms underlying HIIT effects on the gene profile of immune cells is essential to develop efficient nonpharmacological strategies to prevent CVD in high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominic Tremblay
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), 3001 12e Avenue N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5H3, Canada
| | | | - Farah Lizotte
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), 3001 12e Avenue N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5H3, Canada
| | - Marie A Brunet
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), 3001 12e Avenue N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5H3, Canada.,Medical Genetics Service, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit Laurent
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 4C4, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Eléonor Riesco
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 4C4, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Pedro Geraldes
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), 3001 12e Avenue N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5H3, Canada. .,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada.
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7
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Luquero A, Vilahur G, Crespo J, Badimon L, Borrell‐Pages M. Microvesicles carrying LRP5 induce macrophage polarization to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7935-7947. [PMID: 34288375 PMCID: PMC8358886 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvesicles (MV) contribute to cell-to-cell communication through their transported proteins and nucleic acids. MV, released into the extracellular space, exert paracrine regulation by modulating cellular responses after interaction with near and far target cells. MV are released at high concentrations by activated inflammatory cells. Different subtypes of human macrophages have been characterized based on surface epitopes being CD16+ macrophages associated with anti-inflammatory phenotypes. We have previously shown that low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5), a member of the LDLR family that participates in lipid homeostasis, is expressed in macrophage CD16+ with repair and survival functions. The goal of our study was to characterize the cargo and tentative function of macrophage-derived MV, whether LRP5 is delivered into MV and whether these MV are able to induce inflammatory cell differentiation to a specific CD16- or CD16+ phenotype. We show, for the first time, that lipid-loaded macrophages release MV containing LRP5. LDL loading induces increased expression of macrophage pro-inflammatory markers and increased release of MV containing pro-inflammatory markers. Conditioning of fresh macrophages with MV released by Lrp5-silenced macrophages induced the transcription of inflammatory genes and reduced the transcription of anti-inflammatory genes. Thus, MV containing LRP5 induce anti-inflammatory phenotypes in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aureli Luquero
- Cardiovascular Program ICCCIR‐Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauIIB‐Sant PauBarcelonaSpain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program ICCCIR‐Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauIIB‐Sant PauBarcelonaSpain
- CIBER‐CVInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Javier Crespo
- Cardiovascular Program ICCCIR‐Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauIIB‐Sant PauBarcelonaSpain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program ICCCIR‐Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauIIB‐Sant PauBarcelonaSpain
- CIBER‐CVInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Cardiovascular Research ChairUABBarcelonaSpain
| | - Maria Borrell‐Pages
- Cardiovascular Program ICCCIR‐Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauIIB‐Sant PauBarcelonaSpain
- CIBER‐CVInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
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8
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Badimon L, Casaní L, Camino-Lopez S, Juan-Babot O, Borrell-Pages M. GSK3β inhibition and canonical Wnt signaling in mice hearts after myocardial ischemic damage. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218098. [PMID: 31220102 PMCID: PMC6586285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Myocardial infarction induces myocardial injury and tissue damage. During myocardial infarction strong cellular response is initiated to salvage the damaged tissues. This response is associated with the induction of different signaling pathways. Of these, the canonical Wnt signaling is increasingly important for its prosurvival cellular role, making it a good candidate for the search of new molecular targets to develop therapies to prevent heart failure in infarcted patients. Methods Herein we report that GSK3β regulates the canonical Wnt signaling in C57Bl6 mice hearts. GSK3β is a canonical Wnt pathway inhibitor. Using GSK3β inhibitors and inducing myocardial injury (MI) in Lrp5-/- mice model we show that GSK3β phosphorylation levels regulate downstream canonical Wnt pathway genes in the ischemic heart. In the setting of MI, myocardial damage assessment usually correlates with functional and clinical outcomes. Therefore, we measured myocardial injury size in Wt and Lrp5-/- mice in the presence and absence of two different GSK3 inhibitors prior to MI. Myocardial injury was independent of GSK3 inhibitor treatments and GSK3β expression levels. Results These studies support a central role for GSK3β in the activation of the canonical Wnt pathway in the Wt heart. Although LRP5 is protective against myocardial injury, GSK3β expression levels do not regulate heart damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca de l’-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-CV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Casaní
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca de l’-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Camino-Lopez
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca de l’-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Juan-Babot
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca de l’-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Borrell-Pages
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca de l’-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-CV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Qiu C, Shen H, Fu X, Xu C, Deng H. Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies Identifies Novel Functional CpG-SNPs Associated with Bone Mineral Density at Lumbar Spine. Int J Genomics 2018; 2018:6407257. [PMID: 30159320 PMCID: PMC6109501 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6407257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a serious public health issue, which is mostly characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD). To search for additional genetic susceptibility loci underlying BMD variation, an effective strategy is to focus on testing of specific variants with high potential of functional effects. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that introduce or disrupt CpG dinucleotides (CpG-SNPs) may alter DNA methylation levels and thus represent strong candidate functional variants. Here, we performed a targeted GWAS for 63,627 potential functional CpG-SNPs that may affect DNA methylation in bone-related cells, in five independent cohorts (n = 5905). By meta-analysis, 9 CpG-SNPs achieved a genome-wide significance level (p < 7.86 × 10-7) for association with lumbar spine BMD and additional 15 CpG-SNPs showed suggestive significant (p < 5.00 × 10-5) association, of which 2 novel SNPs rs7231498 (NFATC1) and rs7455028 (ESR1) also reached a genome-wide significance level in the joint analysis. Several identified CpG-SNPs were mapped to genes that have not been reported for association with BMD in previous GWAS, such as NEK3 and NFATC1 genes, highlighting the enhanced power of targeted association analysis for identification of novel associations that were missed by traditional GWAS. Interestingly, several genomic regions, such as NEK3 and LRP5 regions, contained multiple significant/suggestive CpG-SNPs for lumbar spine BMD, suggesting that multiple neighboring CpG-SNPs may synergistically mediate the DNA methylation level and gene expression pattern of target genes. Furthermore, functional annotation analyses suggested a strong regulatory potential of the identified BMD-associated CpG-SNPs and a significant enrichment in biological processes associated with protein localization and protein signal transduction. Our results provided novel insights into the genetic basis of BMD variation and highlighted the close connections between genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Qiu
- Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans 70112, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans 70112, USA
| | - Xiaoying Fu
- Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans 70112, USA
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans 70112, USA
| | - Hongwen Deng
- Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans 70112, USA
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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10
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Crosstalk between hepatic tumor cells and macrophages via Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes M2-like macrophage polarization and reinforces tumor malignant behaviors. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:793. [PMID: 30022048 PMCID: PMC6052107 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0818-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a major component of tumor microenvironment (TME) and play pivotal roles in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Wnt signaling is evolutionarily conserved and participates in liver tumorigenesis. Several studies have shown that macrophage-derived Wnt ligands can activate Wnt signaling in tumor cells. However, whether Wnt ligands secreted by tumor cells can trigger Wnt signaling in macrophages is still elusive. In this study, we first verified that canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling was activated during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and in M2-polarized macrophages. Knockdown of β-catenin in M2 macrophages exhibited stronger antitumor characteristics when cocultured with Hepa1-6 HCC cells in a series of experiments. Activation of Wnt signaling promoted M2 macrophage polarization through c-Myc. Moreover, co-culturing naïve macrophages with Hepa1-6 HCC cells in which Wnt ligands secretion was blocked by knockdown of Wntless inhibited M2 polarization in vitro. Consistently, the growth of HCC tumor orthotopically inoculated with Wntless-silenced Hepa1-6 cells was impeded, and the phenotype of M2-like TAMs was abrogated due to attenuated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in TAMs, leading to subverted immunosuppressive TME. Finally, we confirmed the correlation between M2 macrophage polarization and nuclear β-catenin accumulation in CD68+ macrophages in human HCC biopsies. Taken together, our study indicates that tumor cells-derived Wnt ligands stimulate M2-like polarization of TAMs via canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which results in tumor growth, migration, metastasis, and immunosuppression in HCC. To block Wnts secretion from tumor cells and/or Wnt/β-catenin signal activation in TAMs may be potential strategy for HCC therapy in future.
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11
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Foulquier S, Daskalopoulos EP, Lluri G, Hermans KCM, Deb A, Blankesteijn WM. WNT Signaling in Cardiac and Vascular Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2018; 70:68-141. [PMID: 29247129 PMCID: PMC6040091 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.013896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
WNT signaling is an elaborate and complex collection of signal transduction pathways mediated by multiple signaling molecules. WNT signaling is critically important for developmental processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation and tissue patterning. Little WNT signaling activity is present in the cardiovascular system of healthy adults, but reactivation of the pathway is observed in many pathologies of heart and blood vessels. The high prevalence of these pathologies and their significant contribution to human disease burden has raised interest in WNT signaling as a potential target for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we first will focus on the constituents of the pathway and their regulation and the different signaling routes. Subsequently, the role of WNT signaling in cardiovascular development is addressed, followed by a detailed discussion of its involvement in vascular and cardiac disease. After highlighting the crosstalk between WNT, transforming growth factor-β and angiotensin II signaling, and the emerging role of WNT signaling in the regulation of stem cells, we provide an overview of drugs targeting the pathway at different levels. From the combined studies we conclude that, despite the sometimes conflicting experimental data, a general picture is emerging that excessive stimulation of WNT signaling adversely affects cardiovascular pathology. The rapidly increasing collection of drugs interfering at different levels of WNT signaling will allow the evaluation of therapeutic interventions in the pathway in relevant animal models of cardiovascular diseases and eventually in patients in the near future, translating the outcomes of the many preclinical studies into a clinically relevant context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Foulquier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
| | - Evangelos P Daskalopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
| | - Gentian Lluri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
| | - Kevin C M Hermans
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
| | - Arjun Deb
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
| | - W Matthijs Blankesteijn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
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12
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Badimon L, Vilahur G, Padro T. Systems biology approaches to understand the effects of nutrition and promote health. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 83:38-45. [PMID: 27062443 PMCID: PMC5338131 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the last years the implementation of systems biology in nutritional research has emerged as a powerful tool to understand the mechanisms by which dietary components promote health and prevent disease as well as to identify the biologically active molecules involved in such effects. Systems biology, by combining several '-omics' disciplines (mainly genomics/transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics), creates large data sets that upon computational integration provide in silico predictive networks that allow a more extensive analysis of the individual response to a nutritional intervention and provide a more global comprehensive understanding of how diet may influence health and disease. Numerous studies have demonstrated that diet and particularly bioactive food components play a pivotal role in helping to counteract environmental-related oxidative damage. Oxidative stress is considered to be strongly implicated in ageing and the pathophysiology of numerous diseases including neurodegenerative disease, cancers, metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. In the following review we will provide insights into the role of systems biology in nutritional research and focus on transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomics studies that have demonstrated the ability of functional foods and their bioactive components to fight against oxidative damage and contribute to health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC‐ICCCHospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB‐Sant PauBarcelonaSpain
- Cardiovascular Research ChairUABBarcelonaSpain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC‐ICCCHospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB‐Sant PauBarcelonaSpain
| | - Teresa Padro
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC‐ICCCHospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB‐Sant PauBarcelonaSpain
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Borrell-Pages M, Vilahur G, Romero JC, Casaní L, Bejar MT, Badimon L. LRP5/canonical Wnt signalling and healing of ischemic myocardium. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:67. [PMID: 27704249 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0585-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
LRP5 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5) activates canonical Wnt signalling. LRP5 plays multiple roles including regulation of lipoprotein and cholesterol homeostasis as well as innate immunity cell function. However, it is not known whether LRP5 has a role in the myocardium. The aim of this study was to investigate LRP5 and Wnt signalling in myocardial remodelling after acute myocardial infarction (MI). Wnt protein levels were determined in a hypercholesterolemic porcine model of MI, in Lrp5 -/- C57Bl6 mice, in cultured cardiomyocytes and in human explanted hearts with previous MI episodes. 21 days post-MI, there was upregulation of LRP5 in the ischemic myocardium of hypercholesterolemic pigs as well as an upregulated expression of proteins of the Wnt pathway. We demonstrate via overexpression and silencing experiments that LRP5 induces Wnt pathway activation in isolated cardiomyocytes. Hypoxia and lipid-loading induced the expression of Wnt proteins, whereas this effect is blocked in LRP5-silenced cardiomyocytes. To characterize the function of the LRP5-Wnt axis upregulation in the heart, we induced MI in wild-type and Lrp5 -/- mice. Lrp5 -/- mice had significantly larger infarcts than Wt mice, indicating a protective role of LRP5 in injured myocardium. The LRP5 upregulation in post-MI hearts seen in pigs and mice was also evident in human hearts as dyslipidemic patients with previous episodes of ischemia have higher expression of LRP5 and Wnt-signalling genes than non-ischemic dilated hearts. We demonstrate an upregulation of LRP5 and the Wnt signalling pathway that it is a prosurvival healing response of cardiomyocytes upon injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Borrell-Pages
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J C Romero
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Casaní
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M T Bejar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Badimon
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain. .,Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB-Fundación Jesús Serra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Escate R, Padro T, Borrell-Pages M, Suades R, Aledo R, Mata P, Badimon L. Macrophages of genetically characterized familial hypercholesterolaemia patients show up-regulation of LDL-receptor-related proteins. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:487-499. [PMID: 27680891 PMCID: PMC5323824 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a major risk for premature coronary heart disease due to severe long‐life exposure to high LDL levels. Accumulation of LDL in the vascular wall triggers atherosclerosis with activation of the innate immunity system. Here, we have investigated (i) gene expression of LDLR and LRPs in peripheral blood cells (PBLs) and in differentiated macrophages of young FH‐patients; and (ii) whether macrophage from FH patients have a differential response when exposed to high levels of atherogenic LDL. PBLs in young heterozygous genetically characterized FH patients have higher expression of LRP5 and LRP6 than age‐matched healthy controls or patients with secondary hypercholesterolaemia. LRP1 levels were similar among groups. In monocyte‐derived macrophages (MACs), LRP5 and LRP1 transcript levels did not differ between FHs and controls in resting conditions, but when exposed to agLDL, FH‐MAC showed a highly significant up‐regulation of LRP5, while LRP1 was unaffected. PBL and MAC cells from FH patients had significantly lower LDLR expression than control cells, independently of the lipid‐lowering therapy. Furthermore, exposure of FH‐MAC to agLDL resulted in a reduced expression of CD163, scavenger receptor with anti‐inflammatory and atheroprotective properties. In summary, our results show for first time that LRPs, active lipid‐internalizing receptors, are up‐regulated in innate immunity cells of young FH patients that have functional LDLR mutations. Additionally, their reduced CD163 expression indicates less atheroprotection. Both mechanisms may play a synergic effect on the onset of premature atherosclerosis in FH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Escate
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Padro
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rosa Suades
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Aledo
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
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Escate R, Padro T, Badimon L. LDL accelerates monocyte to macrophage differentiation: Effects on adhesion and anoikis. Atherosclerosis 2016; 246:177-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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LRP5: A novel anti-inflammatory macrophage marker that positively regulates migration and phagocytosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 91:61-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Borrell-Pages M, Romero J, Crespo J, Juan-Babot O, Badimon L. LRP5 associates with specific subsets of macrophages: Molecular and functional effects. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 90:146-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Maiese K. Stem cell guidance through the mechanistic target of rapamycin. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:999-1009. [PMID: 26328016 PMCID: PMC4550632 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i7.999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells offer great promise for the treatment of multiple disorders throughout the body. Critical to this premise is the ability to govern stem cell pluripotency, proliferation, and differentiation. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), 289-kDa serine/threonine protein kinase, that is a vital component of mTOR Complex 1 and mTOR Complex 2 represents a critical pathway for the oversight of stem cell maintenance. mTOR can control the programmed cell death pathways of autophagy and apoptosis that can yield variable outcomes in stem cell survival and be reliant upon proliferative pathways that include Wnt signaling, Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1), silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), and trophic factors. mTOR also is a necessary component for the early development and establishment of stem cells as well as having a significant impact in the regulation of the maturation of specific cell phenotypes. Yet, as a proliferative agent, mTOR can not only foster cancer stem cell development and tumorigenesis, but also mediate cell senescence under certain conditions to limit invasive cancer growth. mTOR offers an exciting target for the oversight of stem cell therapies but requires careful consideration of the diverse clinical outcomes that can be fueled by mTOR signaling pathways.
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New Insights for Oxidative Stress and Diabetes Mellitus. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:875961. [PMID: 26064426 PMCID: PMC4443788 DOI: 10.1155/2015/875961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the generation of oxidative stress are considered critical factors for the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM), a disorder that is growing in prevalence and results in significant economic loss. New therapeutic directions that address the detrimental effects of oxidative stress may be especially warranted to develop effective care for the millions of individuals that currently suffer from DM. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (S. cerevisiae) (SIRT1), and Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) are especially justified to be considered treatment targets for DM since these pathways can address the complex relationship between stem cells, trophic factors, impaired glucose tolerance, programmed cell death pathways of apoptosis and autophagy, tissue remodeling, cellular energy homeostasis, and vascular biology that greatly impact the biology and disease progression of DM. The translation and development of these pathways into viable therapies will require detailed understanding of their proliferative nature to maximize clinical efficacy and limit adverse effects that have the potential to lead to unintended consequences.
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Borrell‐Pages M, Carolina Romero J, Badimon L. LRP5 and plasma cholesterol levels modulate the canonical Wnt pathway in peripheral blood leukocytes. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 93:653-61. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2015.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Borrell‐Pages
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC‐ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB‐Sant Pau Barcelona Spain
- Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB Barcelona Spain
| | - July Carolina Romero
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC‐ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB‐Sant Pau Barcelona Spain
- Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB Barcelona Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC‐ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB‐Sant Pau Barcelona Spain
- Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB Barcelona Spain
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Borrell-Pagès M, Romero JC, Badimon L. LRP5 deficiency down-regulates Wnt signalling and promotes aortic lipid infiltration in hypercholesterolaemic mice. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:770-7. [PMID: 25656427 PMCID: PMC4395191 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) is a member of the LDLR family that orchestrates cholesterol homoeostasis. The role of LRP5 and the canonical Wnt pathway in the vascular wall of dyslipidaemic animals remains unknown. In this study, we analysed the role of LRP5 and the Wnt signalling pathway in mice fed a hypercholesterolaemic diet (HC) to trigger dyslipidaemia. We show that Lrp5−/− mice had larger aortic lipid infiltrations than wild-type mice, indicating a protective role for LRP5 in the vascular wall. Three members of the LDLR family, Lrp1, Vldlr and Lrp6, showed up-regulated gene expression levels in aortas of Lrp5−/− mice fed a hypercholesterolaemic diet. HC feeding in Lrp5−/− mice induced higher macrophage infiltration in the aortas and accumulation of inflammatory cytokines in blood. Wnt/β-CATENIN signalling proteins were down-regulated in HC Lrp5−/− mice indicating that LRP5 regulates the activation of Wnt signalling in the vascular wall. In conclusion, our findings show that LRP5 and the canonical Wnt pathway down-regulation regulate the dyslipidaemic profile by promoting lipid and macrophage retention in the vessel wall and increasing leucocyte-driven systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Borrell-Pagès
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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Maiese K. Programming apoptosis and autophagy with novel approaches for diabetes mellitus. Curr Neurovasc Res 2015; 12:173-88. [PMID: 25742566 PMCID: PMC4380829 DOI: 10.2174/1567202612666150305110929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, diabetes mellitus (DM) in the year 2030 will be ranked the seventh leading cause of death in the world. DM impacts all systems of the body with oxidant stress controlling cell fate through endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, alterations in uncoupling proteins, and the induction of apoptosis and autophagy. Multiple treatment approaches are being entertained for DM with Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog) 1 (S. cerevisiae) (SIRT1) generating significant interest as target pathways that can address maintenance of glucose homeostasis as well as prevention of cellular pathology by controlling insulin resistance, stem cell proliferation, and the programmed cell death pathways of apoptosis and autophagy. WISP1, mTOR, and SIRT1 can rely upon similar pathways such as AMP activated protein kinase as well as govern cellular metabolism through cytokines such as EPO and oral hypoglycemics such as metformin. Yet, these pathways require precise biological control to exclude potentially detrimental clinical outcomes. Further elucidation of the ability to translate the roles of WISP1, mTOR, and SIRT1 into effective clinical avenues offers compelling prospects for new therapies against DM that can benefit hundreds of millions of individuals throughout the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- MD, Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey 07101, USA.
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Borrell-Pages M, Romero JC, Badimon L. Cholesterol modulates LRP5 expression in the vessel wall. Atherosclerosis 2014; 235:363-70. [PMID: 24929284 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Macrophages are key players in atherosclerotic lesion formation and progression. We have recently demonstrated that lipid-loaded macrophages show activation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. METHODS To test the in vivo role of the canonical Wnt pathway in atherosclerosis we used mice deficient in the Wnt signaling receptor LRP5 (LRP5(-/-)) fed a hypercholesterolemic diet (HC) to induce atherosclerosis. These dietary groups were further subdivided into two subgroups receiving their respective diets supplemented with 2% plant sterol esters (PSE). All mice remained on their assigned diets until age 18 weeks. RESULTS HC WT mice had mildly increased non-HDL cholesterol levels, developed aortic atherosclerotic lesions and showed upregulated expression levels of aortic Lrp5. HC LRP5(-/-) mice develop larger aortic atherosclerotic lesions than WT mice indicating that LRP5 has a protective function in atherosclerosis progression. The oral administration of PSE, a dietary cholesterol-lowering agent, had an effect in the expression levels of the Wnt signaling receptor and in atherosclerosis progression. We found that PSE reduced serum total cholesterol levels, abolished HC-induced LRP5 overexpression and reduced aortic atherosclerotic plaques. CONCLUSION The proatherogenic effects of the excess of plasma lipids are in part mediated by modulation of LRP5 in the aorta. LRP5 and canonical Wnt signaling exert a protective defense mechanism against hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis lesion progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Borrell-Pages
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J C Romero
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Badimon
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, Barcelona, Spain.
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