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Picchio V, Pagano F, Carnevale R, D'Amico A, Cozzolino C, Floris E, Bordin A, Schirone L, Vecchio D, Saade W, Miraldi F, De Falco E, Sciarretta S, Peruzzi M, Biondi-Zoccai G, Frati G, Chimenti I. Exposure to serum from exclusive heated tobacco product smokers induces mTOR activation and fibrotic features in human cardiac stromal cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167350. [PMID: 39002704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Chronic smokers have increased risk of fibrosis-related atrial fibrillation. The use of heated-tobacco products (HTPs) is increasing exponentially, and their health impact is still uncertain. We aim to investigate the effects of circulating molecules in exclusive HTP chronic smokers on the fibrotic behavior of human atrial cardiac stromal cells (CSCs). CSCs were isolated from atrial tissue of elective cardiac surgery patients, and exposed to serum lots from young healthy subjects, stratified in exclusive HTP smokers, tobacco combustion cigarette (TCC) smokers, or nonsmokers (NS). CSCs treated with TCC serum displayed impaired migration and increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Cells cultured with HTP serum showed increased levels of pro-fibrotic markers, and reduced expression of connexin-43. Both TCC and HTP sera increased collagen release and reduced secretion of angiogenic protective factors from CSCs, compared to NS serum. Paracrine support to tube-formation by endothelial cells and to viability of cardiomyocytes was significantly impaired. Treatment with sera of both smokers groups impaired H2O2/NO release balance by CSCs and reduced early phosphorylation of several pathways compared to NS serum, leading to mTOR activation. Cotreatment with rapamycin was able to reduce mTOR phosphorylation and differentiation into aSMA-positive myofibroblasts in CSCs exposed to TCC and HTP sera. In conclusion, the circulating molecules in the serum of chronic exclusive HTP smokers induce fibrotic behavior in CSCs through activation of the mTOR pathway, and reduce their beneficial paracrine effects on endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes. These results point to a potential risk for cardiac fibrosis in chronic HTP users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Picchio
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy; Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Francesca Pagano
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Council of Research (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy; Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Alessandra D'Amico
- Department of Movement, Human, and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Cozzolino
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - Erica Floris
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - Antonella Bordin
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Vecchio
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - Wael Saade
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Miraldi
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena De Falco
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy; Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy; Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Mariangela Peruzzi
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy; Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy; Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy; Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy.
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Champeil J, Mangion M, Gilbert R, Gaillet B. Improved Manufacturing Methods of Extracellular Vesicles Pseudotyped with the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Glycoprotein. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:1116-1131. [PMID: 38182864 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-01007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV), which expose the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSVG) on their surface, are used for delivery of nucleic acids and proteins in human cell lines. These particles are biomanufactured using methods that are difficult to scale up. Here, we describe the development of the first EV-VSVG production process in serum-free media using polyethylenimine (PEI)-based transient transfection of HEK293 suspension cells, as well as the first EV-VSVG purification process to utilize both ultracentrifugation and chromatography. Three parameters were investigated for EV-VSVG production: cell density, DNA concentration, and DNA:PEI ratio. The best production titer was obtained with 3 × 106 cells/mL, a plasmid concentration of 2 µg/mL, and a DNA:PEI ratio of 1:4. The production kinetics of VSVG was performed and showed that the highest amount of VSVG was obtained 3 days after transfection. Addition of cell culture supplements during the transfection resulted in an increase in VSVG production, with a maximum yield obtained with 2 mM of sodium butyrate added 18 h after transfection. Moreover, the absence of EV-VSVG during cell transfection with a GFP-coding plasmid revealed to be ineffective, with no fluorescent cells. An efficient EV-VSVG purification procedure consisting of a two-step concentration by low-speed centrifugation and sucrose cushion ultracentrifugation followed by a heparin affinity chromatography purification was also developed. Purified bioactive EV-VSVG preparations were characterized and revealed that EV-VSVG are spherical particles of 176.4 ± 88.32 nm with 91.4% of protein similarity to exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Champeil
- Chemical Engineering Department, Université Laval, 1065, Avenue de la Médecine, Pavillon Pouliot, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- PROTEO: The Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Université du Québec à Montréal, 201 Avenue du Président Kennedy, Montréal, QC, H2X 3Y7, Canada
- ThéCell: FRQS Cell, Tissue and Gene Therapy Network, Laboratoire d'organogénèse expérimentale - LOEX, 1401, 18E rue, Québec, QC, G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mathias Mangion
- Chemical Engineering Department, Université Laval, 1065, Avenue de la Médecine, Pavillon Pouliot, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- PROTEO: The Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Université du Québec à Montréal, 201 Avenue du Président Kennedy, Montréal, QC, H2X 3Y7, Canada
- ThéCell: FRQS Cell, Tissue and Gene Therapy Network, Laboratoire d'organogénèse expérimentale - LOEX, 1401, 18E rue, Québec, QC, G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Rénald Gilbert
- ThéCell: FRQS Cell, Tissue and Gene Therapy Network, Laboratoire d'organogénèse expérimentale - LOEX, 1401, 18E rue, Québec, QC, G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 6100, Avenue Royalmount, Montréal, Québec, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Bruno Gaillet
- Chemical Engineering Department, Université Laval, 1065, Avenue de la Médecine, Pavillon Pouliot, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- PROTEO: The Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Université du Québec à Montréal, 201 Avenue du Président Kennedy, Montréal, QC, H2X 3Y7, Canada.
- ThéCell: FRQS Cell, Tissue and Gene Therapy Network, Laboratoire d'organogénèse expérimentale - LOEX, 1401, 18E rue, Québec, QC, G1J 1Z4, Canada.
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Santra M, Geary ML, Rubin E, Hsu MYS, Funderburgh ML, Chandran C, Du Y, Dhaliwal DK, Jhanji V, Yam GHF. Good manufacturing practice production of human corneal limbus-derived stromal stem cells and in vitro quality screening for therapeutic inhibition of corneal scarring. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:11. [PMID: 38185673 PMCID: PMC10773078 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03626-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells in the adult corneal stroma (named corneal stromal stem cells, CSSCs) inhibit corneal inflammation and scarring and restore corneal clarity in pre-clinical corneal injury models. This cell therapy could alleviate the heavy reliance on donor materials for corneal transplantation to treat corneal opacities. Herein, we established Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) protocols for CSSC isolation, propagation, and cryostorage, and developed in vitro quality control (QC) metric for in vivo anti-scarring potency of CSSCs in treating corneal opacities. METHODS A total of 24 donor corneal rims with informed consent were used-18 were processed for the GMP optimization of CSSC culture and QC assay development, while CSSCs from the remaining 6 were raised under GMP-optimized conditions and used for QC validation. The cell viability, growth, substrate adhesion, stem cell phenotypes, and differentiation into stromal keratocytes were assayed by monitoring the electric impedance changes using xCELLigence real-time cell analyzer, quantitative PCR, and immunofluorescence. CSSC's conditioned media were tested for the anti-inflammatory activity using an osteoclastogenesis assay with mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. In vivo scar inhibitory outcomes were verified using a mouse model of anterior stromal injury caused by mechanical ablation using an Algerbrush burring. RESULTS By comparatively assessing various GMP-compliant reagents with the corresponding non-GMP research-grade chemicals used in the laboratory-based protocols, we finalized GMP protocols covering donor limbal stromal tissue processing, enzymatic digestion, primary CSSC culture, and cryopreservation. In establishing the in vitro QC metric, two parameters-stemness stability of ABCG2 and nestin and anti-inflammatory ability (rate of inflammation)-were factored into a novel formula to calculate a Scarring Index (SI) for each CSSC batch. Correlating with the in vivo scar inhibitory outcomes, the CSSC batches with SI < 10 had a predicted 50% scar reduction potency, whereas cells with SI > 10 were ineffective to inhibit scarring. CONCLUSIONS We established a full GMP-compliant protocol for donor CSSC cultivation, which is essential toward clinical-grade cell manufacturing. A novel in vitro QC-in vivo potency correlation was developed to predict the anti-scarring efficacy of donor CSSCs in treating corneal opacities. This method is applicable to other cell-based therapies and pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Santra
- Corneal Regeneration Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Moira L Geary
- Corneal Regeneration Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rubin
- Corneal Regeneration Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Y S Hsu
- Immunologic Monitoring and Cellular Products Laboratory, Hillman Cancer Centre, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Martha L Funderburgh
- Corneal Regeneration Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christine Chandran
- Corneal Regeneration Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yiqin Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Deepinder K Dhaliwal
- Corneal Regeneration Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vishal Jhanji
- Corneal Regeneration Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gary Hin-Fai Yam
- Corneal Regeneration Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mercy Vision Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 1622 Locust Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
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Talpan D, Salla S, Meusel L, Walter P, Kuo CC, Franzen J, Fuest M. Cytoprotective Effects of Human Platelet Lysate during the Xeno-Free Culture of Human Donor Corneas. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032882. [PMID: 36769200 PMCID: PMC9917909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the suitability of 2% human platelet lysate medium (2%HPL) as a replacement for 2% fetal bovine serum medium (2%FBS) for the xeno-free organ culture of human donor corneas. A total of 32 corneas from 16 human donors were cultured in 2%FBS for 3 days (TP1), then evaluated using phase contrast microscopy (endothelial cell density (ECD) and cell morphology). Following an additional 25-day culture period (TP2) in either 2%FBS or 2%HPL, the pairs were again compared using microscopy; then stroma and Descemet membrane/endothelium (DmE) were processed for next generation sequencing (NGS). At TP2 the ECD was higher in the 2%HPL group (2179 ± 288 cells/mm2) compared to 2%FBS (2113 ± 331 cells/mm2; p = 0.03), and endothelial cell loss was lower (ECL HPL = -0.7% vs. FBS = -3.8%; p = 0.01). There were no significant differences in cell morphology between TP1 and 2, or between 2%HPL and 2%FBS. NGS showed the differential expression of 1644 genes in endothelial cells and 217 genes in stromal cells. It was found that 2%HPL led to the upregulation of cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic genes (HMOX1, SERPINE1, ANGPTL4, LEFTY2, GADD45B, PLIN2, PTX3, GFRA1/2), and the downregulation of pro-inflammatory/apoptotic genes (e.g., CXCL14, SIK1B, PLK5, PPP2R3B, FABP5, MAL, GATA3). 2%HPL is a suitable xeno-free substitution for 2%FBS in human cornea organ culture, inducing less ECL and producing potentially beneficial alterations in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Talpan
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Salla
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Cornea Bank Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Linus Meusel
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Cornea Bank Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Walter
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Cornea Bank Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Chao-Chung Kuo
- Genomics Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Franzen
- Genomics Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Fuest
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Cornea Bank Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Urzì O, Olofsson Bagge R, Crescitelli R. The dark side of foetal bovine serum in extracellular vesicle studies. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12271. [PMID: 36214482 PMCID: PMC9549727 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/1912] [Revised: 12/12/1912] [Accepted: 12/12/1912] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to be involved in cell-cell communication and to take part in both physiological and pathological processes. Thanks to their exclusive cargo, which includes proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids from the originating cells, they are gaining interest as potential biomarkers of disease. In recent years, their appealing features have been fascinating researchers from all over the world, thus increasing the number of in vitro studies focused on EV release, content, and biological activities. Cultured cell lines are the most-used source of EVs; however, the EVs released in cell cultures are influenced by the cell culture conditions, such as the use of foetal bovine serum (FBS). FBS is the most common supplement for cell culture media, but it is also a source of contaminants, such as exogenous bovine EVs, RNA, and protein aggregates, that can contaminate the cell-derived EVs and influence their cargo composition. The presence of FBS contaminants in cell-derived EV samples is a well-known issue that limits the clinical applications of EVs, thus increasing the need for standardization. In this review, we will discuss the pros and cons of using FBS in cell cultures as a source of EVs, as well as the protocols used to remove contaminants from FBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Urzì
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational MedicineDepartment of SurgeryInstitute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of BiomedicineNeurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D)University of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Roger Olofsson Bagge
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational MedicineDepartment of SurgeryInstitute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of SurgerySahlgrenska University HospitalRegion Västra GötalandGothenburgSweden
| | - Rossella Crescitelli
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational MedicineDepartment of SurgeryInstitute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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Mechanosensor YAP cooperates with TGF-β1 signaling to promote myofibroblast activation and matrix stiffening in a 3D model of human cardiac fibrosis. Acta Biomater 2022; 152:300-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Garoffolo G, Casaburo M, Amadeo F, Salvi M, Bernava G, Piacentini L, Chimenti I, Zaccagnini G, Milcovich G, Zuccolo E, Agrifoglio M, Ragazzini S, Baasansuren O, Cozzolino C, Chiesa M, Ferrari S, Carbonaro D, Santoro R, Manzoni M, Casalis L, Raucci A, Molinari F, Menicanti L, Pagano F, Ohashi T, Martelli F, Massai D, Colombo GI, Messina E, Morbiducci U, Pesce M. Reduction of Cardiac Fibrosis by Interference With YAP-Dependent Transactivation. Circ Res 2022; 131:239-257. [PMID: 35770662 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conversion of cardiac stromal cells into myofibroblasts is typically associated with hypoxia conditions, metabolic insults, and/or inflammation, all of which are predisposing factors to cardiac fibrosis and heart failure. We hypothesized that this conversion could be also mediated by response of these cells to mechanical cues through activation of the Hippo transcriptional pathway. The objective of the present study was to assess the role of cellular/nuclear straining forces acting in myofibroblast differentiation of cardiac stromal cells under the control of YAP (yes-associated protein) transcription factor and to validate this finding using a pharmacological agent that interferes with the interactions of the YAP/TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif) complex with their cognate transcription factors TEADs (TEA domain transcription factors), under high-strain and profibrotic stimulation. METHODS We employed high content imaging, 2-dimensional/3-dimensional culture, atomic force microscopy mapping, and molecular methods to prove the role of cell/nuclear straining in YAP-dependent fibrotic programming in a mouse model of ischemia-dependent cardiac fibrosis and in human-derived primitive cardiac stromal cells. We also tested treatment of cells with Verteporfin, a drug known to prevent the association of the YAP/TAZ complex with their cognate transcription factors TEADs. RESULTS Our experiments suggested that pharmacologically targeting the YAP-dependent pathway overrides the profibrotic activation of cardiac stromal cells by mechanical cues in vitro, and that this occurs even in the presence of profibrotic signaling mediated by TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor beta-1). In vivo administration of Verteporfin in mice with permanent cardiac ischemia reduced significantly fibrosis and morphometric remodeling but did not improve cardiac performance. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that preventing molecular translation of mechanical cues in cardiac stromal cells reduces the impact of cardiac maladaptive remodeling with a positive effect on fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Garoffolo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Manuel Casaburo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Francesco Amadeo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Massimo Salvi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy (M.S., D.C., F. Molinari, D.M., U.M.)
| | - Giacomo Bernava
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Luca Piacentini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medical Surgical Science and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome (I.C., C.C.).,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli (I.C.)
| | | | | | - Estella Zuccolo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Marco Agrifoglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy (M.A.)
| | - Sara Ragazzini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Otgon Baasansuren
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (O.B., T.O.)
| | - Claudia Cozzolino
- Department of Medical Surgical Science and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome (I.C., C.C.)
| | - Mattia Chiesa
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Silvia Ferrari
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Dario Carbonaro
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy (M.S., D.C., F. Molinari, D.M., U.M.)
| | - Rosaria Santoro
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Martina Manzoni
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | | | - Angela Raucci
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Filippo Molinari
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy (M.S., D.C., F. Molinari, D.M., U.M.)
| | | | - Francesca Pagano
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Council of Research (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo, Italy (F.P.)
| | - Toshiro Ohashi
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (O.B., T.O.)
| | | | - Diana Massai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy (M.S., D.C., F. Molinari, D.M., U.M.)
| | - Gualtiero I Colombo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Elisa Messina
- Department of Pediatrics and Infant Neuropsychiatry. Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome (E.M.)
| | - Umberto Morbiducci
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy (M.S., D.C., F. Molinari, D.M., U.M.)
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
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Pagano F, Picchio V, Bordin A, Cavarretta E, Nocella C, Cozzolino C, Floris E, Angelini F, Sordano A, Peruzzi M, Miraldi F, Biondi-Zoccai G, De Falco E, Carnevale R, Sciarretta S, Frati G, Chimenti I. Progressive stages of dysmetabolism are associated with impaired biological features of human cardiac stromal cells mediated by the oxidative state and autophagy. J Pathol 2022; 258:136-148. [PMID: 35751644 PMCID: PMC9542980 DOI: 10.1002/path.5985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac stromal cells (CSCs) are the main players in fibrosis. Dysmetabolic conditions (metabolic syndrome—MetS, and type 2 diabetes mellitus—DM2) are strong pathogenetic contributors to cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, modulation of the oxidative state (OxSt) and autophagy is a fundamental function affecting the fibrotic commitment of CSCs, that are adversely modulated in MetS/DM2. We aimed to characterize CSCs from dysmetabolic patients, and to obtain a beneficial phenotypic setback from such fibrotic commitment by modulation of OxSt and autophagy. CSCs were isolated from 38 patients, stratified as MetS, DM2, or controls. Pharmacological modulation of OxSt and autophagy was obtained by treatment with trehalose and NOX4/NOX5 inhibitors (TREiNOX). Flow‐cytometry and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) analyses showed significantly increased expression of myofibroblasts markers in MetS‐CSCs at baseline (GATA4, ACTA2, THY1/CD90) and after starvation (COL1A1, COL3A1). MetS‐ and DM2‐CSCs displayed a paracrine profile distinct from control cells, as evidenced by screening of 30 secreted cytokines, with a significant reduction in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endoglin confirmed by enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA). DM2‐CSCs showed significantly reduced support for endothelial cells in angiogenic assays, and significantly increased H2O2 release and NOX4/5 expression levels. Autophagy impairment after starvation (reduced ATG7 and LC3‐II proteins) was also detectable in DM2‐CSCs. TREiNOX treatment significantly reduced ACTA2, COL1A1, COL3A1, and NOX4 expression in both DM2‐ and MetS‐CSCs, as well as GATA4 and THY1/CD90 in DM2, all versus control cells. Moreover, TREiNOX significantly increased VEGF release by DM2‐CSCs, and VEGF and endoglin release by both MetS‐ and DM2‐CSCs, also recovering the angiogenic support to endothelial cells by DM2‐CSCs. In conclusion, DM2 and MetS worsen microenvironmental conditioning by CSCs. Appropriate modulation of autophagy and OxSt in human CSCs appears to restore these features, mostly in DM2‐CSCs, suggesting a novel strategy against cardiac fibrosis in dysmetabolic patients. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pagano
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Council of Research (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo (RM), Italy
| | - Vittorio Picchio
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - Antonella Bordin
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - Elena Cavarretta
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy.,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Cozzolino
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - Erica Floris
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelini
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - Alessia Sordano
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - Mariangela Peruzzi
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy.,Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Miraldi
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy.,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Elena De Falco
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy.,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy.,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy.,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
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9
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Jabbarpour Z, Aghayan S, Arjmand B, Fallahzadeh K, Alavi-Moghadam S, Larijani B, Aghayan HR. Xeno-free protocol for GMP-compliant manufacturing of human fetal pancreas-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:268. [PMID: 35729640 PMCID: PMC9210668 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02946-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been suggested as an appropriate source for diabetes cell-based therapies. The high proliferation and differentiation capacity of fetal MSCs and the role of fetal pancreatic-derived MSCs (FPMSCs) in islet generation make them good candidates for diabetes treatment. To manufacture clinical-grade MSCs, animal-free culture protocols are preferred. The current study aimed to establish a xeno-free/GMP-compliant protocol for FPMSCs manufacturing. The focus was on the effects of fetal bovine serum (FBS) replacement with pooled human serum (HS). Material and methods FPMSCs were isolated and expanded from the pancreas of legally aborted fetuses with few modifications in our previously established protocol. The cells were expanded in two different culture media, including DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS or 10% pooled HS. A side-by-side comparison was made to evaluate the effect of each serum on proliferation rate, cell cycle, senescence, multi-lineage differentiation capacity, immunophenotype, and tumorigenesis of FPMSCs. Results Flow cytometry analysis and three-lineage differentiation ability demonstrated that fibroblast-like cells obtained from primary culture had MSCs’ characteristics. The FPMSCs displayed similar morphology and CD markers expression in both sera. HS had a higher proliferative effect on FPMSCs than FBS. In FBS, the cells reached senescence earlier. In addition to normal karyotypes and anchorage-dependent growth, in vivo tumor formation was not seen. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that HS was a better serum alternative than FBS for in vitro expansion of FPMSCs. Compared with FBS, HS increased FPMSCs’ proliferation rate and decreased their senescence. In conclusion, HS can effectively replace FBS for clinical-grade FPMSCs manufacturing. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jabbarpour
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Aghayan
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No 111, 19th Allay., North Kargar St., P.O.Box:14117-13137, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Fallahzadeh
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No 111, 19th Allay., North Kargar St., P.O.Box:14117-13137, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Alavi-Moghadam
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No 111, 19th Allay., North Kargar St., P.O.Box:14117-13137, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Aghayan
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No 111, 19th Allay., North Kargar St., P.O.Box:14117-13137, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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The impact of autophagy modulation on phenotype and survival of cardiac stromal cells under metabolic stress. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:149. [PMID: 35365624 PMCID: PMC8975847 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00924-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac stromal cells (CSCs) embrace multiple phenotypes and are a contributory factor in tissue homeostasis and repair. They can be exploited as therapeutic mediators against cardiac fibrosis and remodeling, but their survival and cardioprotective properties can be decreased by microenvironmental cues. We evaluated the impact of autophagy modulation by different pharmacological/genetic approaches on the viability and phenotype of murine CSCs, which had been subjected to nutrient deprivation or hyperglycemia, in order to mimic relevant stress conditions and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. Our results show that autophagy is activated in CSCs by nutrient deprivation, and that autophagy induction by trehalose or autophagy-related protein 7 (ATG7)-overexpression can significantly preserve CSC viability. Furthermore, autophagy induction is associated with a higher proportion of primitive, non-activated stem cell antigen 1 (Sca1)-positive cells, and with a reduced fibrotic fraction (positive for the discoidin domain-containing receptor 2, DDR2) in the CSC pool after nutrient deprivation. Hyperglycemia, on the other hand, is associated with reduced autophagic flux in CSCs, and with a significant reduction in primitive Sca1+ cells. Autophagy induction by adenoviral-mediated ATG7-overexpression maintains a cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic paracrine profile of CSCs exposed to hyperglycemia for 1 week. Finally, autophagy induction by ATG7-overexpression during hyperglycemia can significantly preserve cell viability in CSCs, which were subsequently exposed to nutrient deprivation, reducing hyperglycemia-induced impairment of cell resistance to stress. In conclusion, our results show that autophagy stimulation preserves CSC viability and function in response to metabolic stressors, suggesting that it may boost the beneficial functions of CSCs in cardiac repair mechanisms.
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11
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Picchio V, Bordin A, Floris E, Cozzolino C, Dhori X, Peruzzi M, Frati G, De Falco E, Pagano F, Chimenti I. The dynamic facets of the cardiac stroma: from classical markers to omics and translational perspectives. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:1172-1187. [PMID: 35273721 PMCID: PMC8902528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac stromal cells have been long underestimated in their functions in homeostasis and repair. Recent evidence has changed this perspective in that many more players and facets than just "cardiac fibroblasts" have entered the field. Single cell transcriptomic studies on cardiac interstitial cells have shed light on the phenotypic plasticity of the stroma, whose transcriptional profile is dynamically regulated in homeostatic conditions and in response to external stimuli. Different populations and/or functional states that appear in homeostasis and pathology have been described, particularly increasing the complexity of studying the cardiac response to injury. In this review, we outline current phenotypical and molecular markers, and the approaches developed for identifying and classifying cardiac stromal cells. Significant advances in our understanding of cardiac stromal populations will provide a deeper knowledge on myocardial functional cellular components, as well as a platform for future developments of novel therapeutic strategies to counteract cardiac fibrosis and adverse cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Picchio
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of RomeItaly
| | - Antonella Bordin
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of RomeItaly
| | - Erica Floris
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of RomeItaly
| | - Claudia Cozzolino
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of RomeItaly
| | - Xhulio Dhori
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of RomeItaly
| | - Mariangela Peruzzi
- Mediterranea CardiocentroNapoli, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of RomeItaly
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of RomeItaly
- IRCCS NeuromedPozzilli, Italy
| | - Elena De Falco
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of RomeItaly
- Mediterranea CardiocentroNapoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Pagano
- Biochemistry and Cellular Biology Institute, CNRMonterotondo, Italy
| | - Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of RomeItaly
- Mediterranea CardiocentroNapoli, Italy
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12
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Chouaib B, Collart-Dutilleul PY, Blanc-Sylvestre N, Younes R, Gergely C, Raoul C, Scamps F, Cuisinier F, Romieu O. Identification of secreted factors in dental pulp cell-conditioned medium optimized for neuronal growth. Neurochem Int 2021; 144:104961. [PMID: 33465470 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.104961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
With their potent regenerative and protective capacities, stem cell-derived conditioned media emerged as an effective alternative to cell therapy, and have a prospect to be manufactured as pharmaceutical products for tissue regeneration applications. Our study investigates the neuroregenerative potential of human dental pulp cells (DPCs) conditioned medium (CM) and defines an optimization strategy of DPC-CM for enhanced neuronal outgrowth. Primary sensory neurons from mouse dorsal root ganglia were cultured with or without DPC-CM, and the lengths of βIII-tubulin positive neurites were measured. The impacts of several manufacturing features as the duration of cell conditioning, CM storage, and preconditioning of DPCs with some factors on CM functional activity were assessed on neurite length. We observed that DPC-CM significantly enhanced neurites outgrowth of sensory neurons in a concentration-dependent manner. The frozen storage of DPC-CM had no impact on experimental outcomes and 48 h of DPC conditioning is optimal for an effective activity of CM. To further understand the regenerative feature of DPC-CM, we studied DPC secretome by human growth factor antibody array analysis and revealed the presence of several factors involved in either neurogenesis, neuroprotection, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. The conditioning of DPCs with the B-27 supplement enhanced significantly the neuroregenerative effect of their secretome by changing its composition in growth factors. Here, we show that DPC-CM significantly stimulate neurite outgrowth in primary sensory neurons. Moreover, we identified secreted protein candidates that can potentially promote this promising regenerative feature of DPC-CM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard Younes
- LBN, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France; The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, Inserm UMR1051, Univ Montpellier, Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Cédric Raoul
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, Inserm UMR1051, Univ Montpellier, Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédérique Scamps
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, Inserm UMR1051, Univ Montpellier, Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France
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13
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Belviso I, Angelini F, Di Meglio F, Picchio V, Sacco AM, Nocella C, Romano V, Nurzynska D, Frati G, Maiello C, Messina E, Montagnani S, Pagano F, Castaldo C, Chimenti I. The Microenvironment of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix from Heart Failure Myocardium Alters the Balance between Angiogenic and Fibrotic Signals from Stromal Primitive Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217903. [PMID: 33114386 PMCID: PMC7662394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac adverse remodeling is characterized by biological changes that affect the composition and architecture of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The consequently disrupted signaling can interfere with the balance between cardiogenic and pro-fibrotic phenotype of resident cardiac stromal primitive cells (CPCs). The latter are important players in cardiac homeostasis and can be exploited as therapeutic cells in regenerative medicine. Our aim was to compare the effects of human decellularized native ECM from normal (dECM-NH) or failing hearts (dECM-PH) on human CPCs. CPCs were cultured on dECM sections and characterized for gene expression, immunofluorescence, and paracrine profiles. When cultured on dECM-NH, CPCs significantly upregulated cardiac commitment markers (CX43, NKX2.5), cardioprotective cytokines (bFGF, HGF), and the angiogenesis mediator, NO. When seeded on dECM-PH, instead, CPCs upregulated pro-remodeling cytokines (IGF-2, PDGF-AA, TGF-β) and the oxidative stress molecule H2O2. Interestingly, culture on dECM-PH was associated with impaired paracrine support to angiogenesis, and increased expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-sequestering decoy isoform of the KDR/VEGFR2 receptor. Our results suggest that resident CPCs exposed to the pathological microenvironment of remodeling ECM partially lose their paracrine angiogenic properties and release more pro-fibrotic cytokines. These observations shed novel insights on the crosstalk between ECM and stromal CPCs, suggesting also a cautious use of non-healthy decellularized myocardium for cardiac tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Belviso
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.B.); (F.D.M.); (A.M.S.); (V.R.); (D.N.); (S.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Francesco Angelini
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, CRO-National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy;
| | - Franca Di Meglio
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.B.); (F.D.M.); (A.M.S.); (V.R.); (D.N.); (S.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Vittorio Picchio
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy; (V.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Anna Maria Sacco
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.B.); (F.D.M.); (A.M.S.); (V.R.); (D.N.); (S.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Veronica Romano
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.B.); (F.D.M.); (A.M.S.); (V.R.); (D.N.); (S.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Daria Nurzynska
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.B.); (F.D.M.); (A.M.S.); (V.R.); (D.N.); (S.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy; (V.P.); (G.F.)
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Ciro Maiello
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplant, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Elisa Messina
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, “Umberto I” Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefania Montagnani
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.B.); (F.D.M.); (A.M.S.); (V.R.); (D.N.); (S.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Francesca Pagano
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Council of Research (IBBC-CNR), 00015 Monterotondo (RM), Italy;
| | - Clotilde Castaldo
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.B.); (F.D.M.); (A.M.S.); (V.R.); (D.N.); (S.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy; (V.P.); (G.F.)
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0773-1757-234
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14
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Roche CD, Brereton RJL, Ashton AW, Jackson C, Gentile C. Current challenges in three-dimensional bioprinting heart tissues for cardiac surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2020; 58:500-510. [PMID: 32391914 PMCID: PMC8456486 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezaa093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Previous attempts in cardiac bioengineering have failed to provide tissues for cardiac regeneration. Recent advances in 3-dimensional bioprinting technology using prevascularized myocardial microtissues as 'bioink' have provided a promising way forward. This review guides the reader to understand why myocardial tissue engineering is difficult to achieve and how revascularization and contractile function could be restored in 3-dimensional bioprinted heart tissue using patient-derived stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Roche
- Northern Clinical School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Kolling Institute, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Russell J L Brereton
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony W Ashton
- Northern Clinical School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Kolling Institute, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher Jackson
- Northern Clinical School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Kolling Institute, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carmine Gentile
- Northern Clinical School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Kolling Institute, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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15
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Lentiviral Vector Production from a Stable Packaging Cell Line Using a Packed Bed Bioreactor. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 19:1-13. [PMID: 32995355 PMCID: PMC7490643 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Self-inactivating lentiviral vectors (LVVs) are used regularly for genetic modification of cells, including T cells and hematopoietic stem cells for cellular gene therapy. As vector demand grows, scalable and controllable methods are needed for production. LVVs are typically produced in HEK293T cells in suspension bioreactors using serum-free media or adherent cultures with serum. The iCELLis® is a packed-bed bioreactor for adherent or entrained cells with surface areas from 0.53 to 500 m2. Media are pumped through the fixed bed and overflows, creating a thin film that is replenished with oxygen and depleted of CO2 as media return to the reservoir. We describe the optimization and scale-up of the production of GPRTG-EF1α-hγc-OPT LVV using a stable packaging cell line in the iCELLis Nano 2-cm to the 10-cm bed height low compaction bioreactors (0.53 and 2.6 m2 surface area) and compare to the productivity and efficacy of GPRTG-EF1α-hγc-OPT LVV manufactured under current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) using 10-layer cell factories for the treatment of X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency. By optimizing fetal bovine serum (FBS) concentration, pH post-induction, and day of induction, we attain viral yields of more than 2 × 107 transducing units/mL. We compared transduction efficiency between LVVs produced from the iCELLis Nano and cell factories on healthy, purified CD34+ cells and found similar results.
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16
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Dergilev KV, Vasilets ID, Tsokolaeva ZI, Zubkova ES, Parfenova EV. [Perspectives of cell therapy for myocardial infarction and heart failure based on cardiosphere cells]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2020; 92:111-120. [PMID: 32598708 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2020.04.000634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In recent years, researchers are attracted to the use of cell therapy based on stem cell and progenitor cells, which has been a promising strategy for cardiac repair after injury. However, conducted research using intracoronary or intramyocardial transplantation of various types of stem/progenitor cells as a cell suspension showed modest efficiency. This is due to the low degree of integration and cell survival after transplantation. To overcome these limitations, the concept of the use of multicellular spheroids modeling the natural microenvironment of cells has been proposed, which allows maintaining their viability and therapeutic properties. It is of great interest to use so-called cardial spheroids (cardiospheres) spontaneously forming three-dimensional structures under low-adhesive conditions, consisting of a heterogeneous population of myocardial progenitor cells and extracellular matrix proteins. This review presents data on methods for creating cardiospheres, directed regulation of their properties and reparative potential, as well as the results of preclinical and clinical studies on their use for the treatment of heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Z I Tsokolaeva
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology.,Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology of the Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology
| | - E S Zubkova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology
| | - E V Parfenova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology.,Lomonosov Moscow State University
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17
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Autologous plasma versus fetal calf serum as a supplement for the culture of neutrophils. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:39. [PMID: 31969182 PMCID: PMC6977324 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-4902-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Currently, the replacement of fetal calf serum (FCS) by a more suitable alternative is a sought aim in the field of tissue and cell culture research. Autologous plasma (AP) and especially autologous serum (AS) have been shown to be effective substitutes of FCS in culture media for some of the cell types. Nevertheless, there is no comparative data on the most appropriate supplement for cell media in neutrophil studies, it is now unclear whether AP have a relatively equal, superior or inferior performance to FCS in neutrophil cell culture. In the present study, human blood neutrophils were isolated and cultured in FCS- or AP-supplemented medium. After 12, 36 and 60 h of incubation, cell viability, oxidative burst and CD11b expression were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS Compared to the culture of neutrophils in FCS 10% medium, the culture of neutrophils in a medium with AP 10% could prolong their life span without affecting their function. The findings introduce AP as a better supplement for human neutrophil cell culture than FCS and propose a simple and economical procedure for neutrophil isolation and culture.
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18
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Mount S, Kanda P, Parent S, Khan S, Michie C, Davila L, Chan V, Davies RA, Haddad H, Courtman D, Stewart DJ, Davis DR. Physiologic expansion of human heart-derived cells enhances therapeutic repair of injured myocardium. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:316. [PMID: 31685023 PMCID: PMC6829847 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Serum-free xenogen-free defined media and continuous controlled physiological cell culture conditions have been developed for stem cell therapeutics, but the effect of these conditions on the relative potency of the cell product is unknown. As such, we conducted a head-to-head comparison of cell culture conditions on human heart explant-derived cells using established in vitro measures of cell potency and in vivo functional repair. Methods Heart explant-derived cells cultured from human atrial or ventricular biopsies within a serum-free xenogen-free media and a continuous physiological culture environment were compared to cells cultured under traditional (high serum) cell culture conditions in a standard clean room facility. Results Transitioning from traditional high serum cell culture conditions to serum-free xenogen-free conditions had no effect on cell culture yields but provided a smaller, more homogenous, cell product with only minor antigenic changes. Culture within continuous physiologic conditions markedly boosted cell proliferation while increasing the expression of stem cell-related antigens and ability of cells to stimulate angiogenesis. Intramyocardial injection of physiologic cultured cells into immunodeficient mice 1 week after coronary ligation translated into improved cardiac function and reduced scar burden which was attributable to increased production of pro-healing cytokines, extracellular vesicles, and microRNAs. Conclusions Continuous physiological cell culture increased cell growth, paracrine output, and treatment outcomes to provide the greatest functional benefit after experimental myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Mount
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, H3214 40 Ruskin Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Pushpinder Kanda
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, H3214 40 Ruskin Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Sandrine Parent
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, H3214 40 Ruskin Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Saad Khan
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H8L6, Canada
| | - Connor Michie
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, H3214 40 Ruskin Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Liliana Davila
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H8L6, Canada
| | - Vincent Chan
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Ross A Davies
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, H3214 40 Ruskin Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | | | - David Courtman
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H8L6, Canada
| | - Duncan J Stewart
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, H3214 40 Ruskin Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H8M5, Canada.,Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, K1H8L6, Canada
| | - Darryl R Davis
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, H3214 40 Ruskin Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada. .,Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, K1H8L6, Canada.
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19
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Kanda P, Parent S, Davis DR. Immortalized factories of therapeutic vesicles. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 3:676-677. [PMID: 31451799 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-019-0453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pushpinder Kanda
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandrine Parent
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darryl R Davis
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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20
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Lee JB, Kang H, Fang L, D'Souza C, Adeyi O, Zhang L. Developing Allogeneic Double-Negative T Cells as a Novel Off-the-Shelf Adoptive Cellular Therapy for Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:2241-2253. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Felthaus O, Prantl L, Skaff-Schwarze M, Klein S, Anker A, Ranieri M, Kuehlmann B. Effects of different concentrations of Platelet-rich Plasma and Platelet-Poor Plasma on vitality and differentiation of autologous Adipose tissue-derived stem cells. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2017; 66:47-55. [PMID: 28269759 DOI: 10.3233/ch-160203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous fat grafts and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) can be used to treat soft tissue defects. However, the results are inconsistent and sometimes comprise tissue resorption and necrosis. This might be due to insufficient vascularization. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a source of concentrated autologous platelets. The growth factors and cytokines released by platelets can facilitate angiogenesis. The simultaneous use of PRP might improve the regeneration potential of fat grafts. The optimal ratio has yet to be elucidated. A byproduct of PRP preparation is platelet-poor plasma (PPP). OBJECTIVE In this study we investigated the influence of different concentrations of PRP on the vitality and differentiation of ASCs. METHODS We processed whole blood with the Arthrex Angel centrifuge and isolated ASCs from the same donor. We tested the effects of different PRP and PPP concentrations on the vitality using resazurin assays and the differentiation of ASCs using oil-red staining. RESULTS Both cell vitality and adipogenic differentiation increase to a concentration of 10% to 20% PRP. With a PRP concentration of 30% cell vitality and differentiation decrease. CONCLUSIONS Both PRP and PPP can be used to expand ASCs without xenogeneic additives in cell culture. A PRP concentration above 20% has inhibitory effects.
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22
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Sex Differences of Human Cardiac Progenitor Cells in the Biological Response to TNF- α Treatment. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:4790563. [PMID: 29104594 PMCID: PMC5623773 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4790563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs), isolated as cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs), represent promising candidates for cardiac regenerative therapy. CDCs can be expanded in vitro manyfolds without losing their differentiation potential, reaching numbers that are appropriate for clinical applications. Since mechanisms of successful CDC survival and engraftment in the damaged myocardium are still critical and unresolved issues, we aimed at deciphering possible key factors capable of bolstering CDC function. In particular, the response and the phenotype of CDCs exposed to low concentrations of the multifunctional cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), known to be capable of activating cell survival pathways, have been investigated. Furthermore, differential biological responses of CDCs from male and female donors, in terms of cell cycle progression and cell spreading, have also been assessed. The results obtained indicate that (i) the intracellular signaling activated in our experimental conditions is most likely due to the prosurvival and proliferative signaling of TNF-α receptor 2 and that (ii) cells from female patients appear more responsive to TNF-α treatment in terms of cell cycle progression and migration ability. In conclusion, the present report highlights the hypothesis that TNF-stimulated CDCs isolated from females may represent a promising candidate for cardiac regenerative therapy applications.
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23
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Shanbhag S, Stavropoulos A, Suliman S, Hervig T, Mustafa K. Efficacy of Humanized Mesenchymal Stem Cell Cultures for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Systematic Review with a Focus on Platelet Derivatives. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2017; 23:552-569. [PMID: 28610481 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2017.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is the most commonly used supplement for ex vivo expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) for bone tissue engineering applications. However, from a clinical standpoint, it is important to substitute animal-derived products according to current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) guidelines. Humanized alternatives to FBS include three categories of products: human serum (HS), human platelet derivatives (HPDs)-including platelet lysate (PL) or platelet releasate (PR), produced by freeze/thawing or chemical activation of platelet concentrates, respectively, and chemically defined media (serum-free) (CDM). In this systematic literature review, the in vitro and in vivo osteogenic potential of hMSCs expanded in humanized (HS-, HPD-, or CDM-supplemented) media versus hMSCs expanded in FBS-supplemented media, was compared. In addition, PL and PR were compared in terms of their growth factor (GF)/cytokine-content and cell-culture efficacy. When using either 10-20% autologous or pooled HS, 3-10% pooled HPDs or CDM supplemented with GFs, in comparison with 10-20% FBS, a majority of studies reported similar or superior in vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, and in vivo bone formation in ectopic or orthotopic rodent models. Moreover, a trend for higher GF content was observed in PL versus PR, although evidence for cell culture efficacy is limited. In summary, humanized supplements seem at least equally effective as FBS for hMSC expansion and osteogenic differentiation. Although pooled HPDs appear to be the most favorable supplement for large-scale hMSC expansion, further efforts are needed to standardize the preparation and composition of these products in compliance with cGMP standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Shanbhag
- 1 Department of Clinical Dentistry, Centre for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen , Bergen, Norway
| | - Andreas Stavropoulos
- 2 Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University , Malmö, Sweden
| | - Salwa Suliman
- 1 Department of Clinical Dentistry, Centre for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen , Bergen, Norway
| | - Tor Hervig
- 3 Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen, Norway
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- 1 Department of Clinical Dentistry, Centre for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen , Bergen, Norway
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24
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Normal versus Pathological Cardiac Fibroblast-Derived Extracellular Matrix Differentially Modulates Cardiosphere-Derived Cell Paracrine Properties and Commitment. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:7396462. [PMID: 28740514 PMCID: PMC5504962 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7396462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human resident cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) isolated as cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) are under clinical evaluation as a therapeutic product for cardiac regenerative medicine. Unfortunately, limited engraftment and differentiation potential of transplanted cells significantly hamper therapeutic success. Moreover, maladaptive remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) during heart failure progression provides impaired biological and mechanical signals to cardiac cells, including CPCs. In this study, we aimed at investigating the differential effect on the phenotype of human CDCs of cardiac fibroblast-derived ECM substrates from healthy or diseased hearts, named, respectively, normal or pathological cardiogel (CG-N/P). After 7 days of culture, results show increased levels of cardiogenic gene expression (NKX2.5, CX43) on both decellularized cardiogels compared to control, while the proportion and staining patterns of GATA4, OCT4, NKX2.5, ACTA1, VIM, and CD90-positive CPCs were not affected, as assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analyses. Nonetheless, CDCs cultured on CG-N secreted significantly higher levels of osteopontin, FGF6, FGF7, NT-3, IGFBP4, and TIMP-2 compared to those cultured on CG-P, suggesting overall a reduced trophic and antiremodelling paracrine profile of CDCs when in contact with ECM from pathological cardiac fibroblasts. These results provide novel insights into the bidirectional interplay between cardiac ECM and CPCs, potentially affecting CPC biology and regenerative potential.
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25
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Chimenti I, Massai D, Morbiducci U, Beltrami AP, Pesce M, Messina E. Stem Cell Spheroids and Ex Vivo Niche Modeling: Rationalization and Scaling-Up. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2017; 10:150-166. [PMID: 28289983 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-017-9741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Improved protocols/devices for in vitro culture of 3D cell spheroids may provide essential cues for proper growth and differentiation of stem/progenitor cells (S/PCs) in their niche, allowing preservation of specific features, such as multi-lineage potential and paracrine activity. Several platforms have been employed to replicate these conditions and to generate S/PC spheroids for therapeutic applications. However, they incompletely reproduce the niche environment, with partial loss of its highly regulated network, with additional hurdles in the field of cardiac biology, due to debated resident S/PCs therapeutic potential and clinical translation. In this contribution, the essential niche conditions (metabolic, geometric, mechanical) that allow S/PCs maintenance/commitment will be discussed. In particular, we will focus on both existing bioreactor-based platforms for the culture of S/PC as spheroids, and on possible criteria for the scaling-up of niche-like spheroids, which could be envisaged as promising tools for personalized cardiac regenerative medicine, as well as for high-throughput drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Diana Massai
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Umberto Morbiducci
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Pesce
- Tissue Engineering Research Unit, "Centro Cardiologico Monzino", IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Messina
- Department of Pediatrics and Infant Neuropsychiatry, "Umberto I" Hospital, "La Sapienza" University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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26
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Zakharova IS, Zhiven' MK, Saaya SB, Shevchenko AI, Smirnova AM, Strunov A, Karpenko AA, Pokushalov EA, Ivanova LN, Makarevich PI, Parfyonova YV, Aboian E, Zakian SM. Endothelial and smooth muscle cells derived from human cardiac explants demonstrate angiogenic potential and suitable for design of cell-containing vascular grafts. J Transl Med 2017; 15:54. [PMID: 28257636 PMCID: PMC5336693 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial and smooth muscle cells are considered promising resources for regenerative medicine and cell replacement therapy. It has been shown that both types of cells are heterogeneous depending on the type of vessels and organs in which they are located. Therefore, isolation of endothelial and smooth muscle cells from tissues relevant to the area of research is necessary for the adequate study of specific pathologies. However, sources of specialized human endothelial and smooth muscle cells are limited, and the search for new sources is still relevant. The main goal of our study is to demonstrate that functional endothelial and smooth muscle cells can be obtained from an available source—post-surgically discarded cardiac tissue from the right atrial appendage and right ventricular myocardium. Methods Heterogeneous primary cell cultures were enzymatically isolated from cardiac explants and then grown in specific endothelial and smooth muscle growth media on collagen IV-coated surfaces. The population of endothelial cells was further enriched by immunomagnetic sorting for CD31, and the culture thus obtained was characterized by immunocytochemistry, ultrastructural analysis and in vitro functional tests. The angiogenic potency of the cells was examined by injecting them, along with Matrigel, into immunodeficient mice. Cells were also seeded on characterized polycaprolactone/chitosan membranes with subsequent analysis of cell proliferation and function. Results Endothelial cells isolated from cardiac explants expressed CD31, VE-cadherin and VEGFR2 and showed typical properties, namely, cytoplasmic Weibel-Palade bodies, metabolism of acetylated low-density lipoproteins, formation of capillary-like structures in Matrigel, and production of extracellular matrix and angiogenic cytokines. Isolated smooth muscle cells expressed extracellular matrix components as well as α-actin and myosin heavy chain. Vascular cells derived from cardiac explants demonstrated the ability to stimulate angiogenesis in vivo. Endothelial cells proliferated most effectively on membranes made of polycaprolactone and chitosan blended in a 25:75 ratio, neutralized by a mixture of alkaline and ethanol. Endothelial and smooth muscle cells retained their functional properties when seeded on the blended membranes. Conclusions We established endothelial and smooth muscle cell cultures from human right atrial appendage and right ventricle post-operative explants. The isolated cells revealed angiogenic potential and may be a promising source of patient-specific cells for regenerative medicine. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-017-1156-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Zakharova
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology And Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation. .,Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation. .,Siberian Federal Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Health Care of Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
| | - M K Zhiven'
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology And Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Siberian Federal Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Health Care of Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Sh B Saaya
- Siberian Federal Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Health Care of Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - A I Shevchenko
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology And Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Siberian Federal Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Health Care of Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - A M Smirnova
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology And Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Siberian Federal Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Health Care of Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - A Strunov
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology And Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - A A Karpenko
- Siberian Federal Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Health Care of Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - E A Pokushalov
- Siberian Federal Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Health Care of Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - L N Ivanova
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology And Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - P I Makarevich
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis, Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of gene and cell therapy, Institute of regenerative medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Y V Parfyonova
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis, Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - E Aboian
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Burlingame, USA
| | - S M Zakian
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology And Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Siberian Federal Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Health Care of Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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Β-blockers treatment of cardiac surgery patients enhances isolation and improves phenotype of cardiosphere-derived cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36774. [PMID: 27841293 PMCID: PMC5107949 DOI: 10.1038/srep36774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Β-blockers (BB) are a primary treatment for chronic heart disease (CHD), resulting in prognostic and symptomatic benefits. Cardiac cell therapy represents a promising regenerative treatment and, for autologous cell therapy, the patients clinical history may correlate with the biology of resident progenitors and the quality of the final cell product. This study aimed at uncovering correlations between clinical records of biopsy-donor CHD patients undergoing cardiac surgery and the corresponding yield and phenotype of cardiospheres (CSs) and CS-derived cells (CDCs), which are a clinically relevant population for cell therapy, containing progenitors. We describe a statistically significant association between BB therapy and improved CSs yield and CDCs phenotype. We show that BB-CDCs have a reduced fibrotic-like CD90 + subpopulation, with reduced expression of collagen-I and increased expression of cardiac genes, compared to CDCs from non-BB donors. Moreover BB-CDCs had a distinctive microRNA expression profile, consistent with reduced fibrotic features (miR-21, miR-29a/b/c downregulation), and enhanced regenerative potential (miR-1, miR-133, miR-101 upregulation) compared to non-BB. In vitro adrenergic pharmacological treatments confirmed cytoprotective and anti-fibrotic effects of β1-blocker on CDCs. This study shows anti-fibrotic and pro-commitment effects of BB treatment on endogenous cardiac reparative cells, and suggests adjuvant roles of β-blockers in cell therapy applications.
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28
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Businaro R, Corsi M, Di Raimo T, Marasco S, Laskin DL, Salvati B, Capoano R, Ricci S, Siciliano C, Frati G, De Falco E. Multidisciplinary approaches to stimulate wound healing. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1378:137-142. [PMID: 27434638 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
New civil wars and waves of terrorism are causing crucial social changes, with consequences in all fields, including health care. In particular, skin injuries are evolving as an epidemic issue. From a physiological standpoint, although wound repair takes place more rapidly in the skin than in other tissues, it is still a complex organ to reconstruct. Genetic and clinical variables, such as diabetes, smoking, and inflammatory/immunological pathologies, are also important risk factors limiting the regenerative potential of many therapeutic applications. Therefore, optimization of current clinical strategies is critical. Here, we summarize the current state of the field by focusing on stem cell therapy applications in wound healing, with an emphasis on current clinical approaches being developed. These involve protocols for the ex vivo expansion of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells by means of a patented Good Manufacturing Practice-compliant platelet lysate. Combinations of multiple strategies, including genetic modifications and stem cells, biomimetic scaffolds, and novel vehicles, such as nanoparticles, are also discussed as future approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Businaro
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.
| | - Mariangela Corsi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Tania Di Raimo
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Sergio Marasco
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Bruno Salvati
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Capoano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Serafino Ricci
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Legal Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Siciliano
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Elena De Falco
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
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29
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Angelini F, Ionta V, Rossi F, Miraldi F, Messina E, Giacomello A. Foetal bovine serum-derived exosomes affect yield and phenotype of human cardiac progenitor cell culture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6:15-24. [PMID: 27340620 PMCID: PMC4916547 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2016.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
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Introduction: Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) represent a powerful tool in cardiac regenerative medicine. Pre-clinical studies suggest that most of the beneficial effects promoted by the injected cells are due to their paracrine activity exerted on endogenous cells and tissue. Exosomes are candidate mediators of this paracrine effects. According to their potential, many researchers have focused on characterizing exosomes derived from specific cell types, but, up until now, only few studies have analyzed the possible in vitro effects of bovine serum-derived exosomes on cell proliferation or differentiation.
Methods: The aim of this study was to analyse, from a qualitative and quantitative point of view, the in vitro effects of bovine serum exosomes on human CPCs cultured either as cardiospheres or as monolayers of cardiosphere-forming cells.
Results: Effects on proliferation, yield and molecular patterning were detected. We show, for the first time, that exogenous bovine exosomes support the proliferation and migration of human cardiosphere-forming cells, and that their depletion affects cardiospheres formation, in terms of size, yield and extra-cellular matrix production.
Conclusion: These results stress the importance of considering differential biological effects of exogenous cell culture supplements on the final phenotype of primary human cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Angelini
- Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Ionta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Rossi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Miraldi
- Department of Cardiocirculatory Pathophysiology, Anesthesiology and General Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Messina
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giacomello
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Schimke MM, Marozin S, Lepperdinger G. Patient-Specific Age: The Other Side of the Coin in Advanced Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy. Front Physiol 2015; 6:362. [PMID: 26696897 PMCID: PMC4667069 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotential mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are present as a rare subpopulation within any type of stroma in the body of higher animals. Prominently, MSC have been recognized to reside in perivascular locations, supposedly maintaining blood vessel integrity. During tissue damage and injury, MSC/pericytes become activated, evade from their perivascular niche and are thus assumed to support wound healing and tissue regeneration. In vitro MSC exhibit demonstrated capabilities to differentiate into a wide variety of tissue cell types. Hence, many MSC-based therapeutic approaches have been performed to address bone, cartilage, or heart regeneration. Furthermore, prominent studies showed efficacy of ex vivo expanded MSC to countervail graft-vs.-host-disease. Therefore, additional fields of application are presently conceived, in which MSC-based therapies potentially unfold beneficial effects, such as amelioration of non-healing conditions after tendon or spinal cord injury, as well as neuropathies. Working along these lines, MSC-based scientific research has been forged ahead to prominently occupy the clinical stage. Aging is to a great deal stochastic by nature bringing forth changes in an individual fashion. Yet, is aging of stem cells or/and their corresponding niche considered a determining factor for outcome and success of clinical therapies?
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena M Schimke
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Stem Cell Research, Aging and Regeneration, University Salzburg Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sabrina Marozin
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Stem Cell Research, Aging and Regeneration, University Salzburg Salzburg, Austria
| | - Günter Lepperdinger
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Stem Cell Research, Aging and Regeneration, University Salzburg Salzburg, Austria
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Bridging the Gap between Translational and Outcome Research in Cardiovascular Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:454680. [PMID: 26601106 PMCID: PMC4639638 DOI: 10.1155/2015/454680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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The potential of GMP-compliant platelet lysate to induce a permissive state for cardiovascular transdifferentiation in human mediastinal adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:162439. [PMID: 26495284 PMCID: PMC4606096 DOI: 10.1155/2015/162439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are considered eligible candidates for cardiovascular stem cell therapy applications due to their cardiac transdifferentiation potential and immunotolerance. Over the years, the in vitro culture of ADMSCs by platelet lysate (PL), a hemoderivate containing numerous growth factors and cytokines derived from platelet pools, has allowed achieving a safe and reproducible methodology to obtain high cell yield prior to clinical administration. Nevertheless, the biological properties of PL are still to be fully elucidated. In this brief report we show the potential ability of PL to induce a permissive state of cardiac-like transdifferentiation and to cause epigenetic modifications. RTPCR results indicate an upregulation of Cx43, SMA, c-kit, and Thy-1 confirmed by immunofluorescence staining, compared to standard cultures with foetal bovine serum. Moreover, PL-cultured ADMSCs exhibit a remarkable increase of both acetylated histones 3 and 4, with a patient-dependent time trend, and methylation at lysine 9 on histone 3 preceding the acetylation. Expression levels of p300 and SIRT-1, two major regulators of histone 3, are also upregulated after treatment with PL. In conclusion, PL could unravel novel biological properties beyond its routine employment in noncardiac applications, providing new insights into the plasticity of human ADMSCs.
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State of the Art on the Evidence Base in Cardiac Regenerative Therapy: Overview of 41 Systematic Reviews. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:613782. [PMID: 26176013 PMCID: PMC4484838 DOI: 10.1155/2015/613782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. To provide a comprehensive appraisal of the evidence from secondary research on cardiac regenerative therapy. Study Design and Setting. Overview of systematic reviews of controlled clinical trials concerning stem cell administration or mobilization in patients with cardiovascular disease. Results. After a systematic database search, we short-listed 41 reviews (660 patients). Twenty-two (54%) reviews focused on acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 19 (46%) on chronic ischemic heart disease (IHD) or heart failure (HF), 29 (71%) on bone marrow-derived stem-cells (BMSC), and 36 (88%) to randomized trials only. Substantial variability among reviews was found for validity (AMSTAR score: median 9 [minimum 3]; 1st quartile 9; 3rd quartile 10; maximum 11), effect estimates (change in ejection fraction from baseline to follow-up: 3.47% [0.02%; 2.90%; 4.22%; 6.11%]), and citations (Web of Science yearly citations: 4.1 [0; 2.2; 6.5; 68.9]). No significant association was found between these three features. However, reviews focusing on BMSC therapy had higher validity scores (P = 0.008) and showed more pronounced effect estimates (P = 0.002). Higher citations were associated with journal impact factor (P = 0.007), corresponding author from North America/Europe (P = 0.022), and inclusion of nonrandomized trials (P = 0.046). Conclusions. Substantial heterogeneity is apparent among these reviews in terms of quality and effect estimates.
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Influence of Egr-1 in cardiac tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in response to glucose variations. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:254793. [PMID: 24967343 PMCID: PMC4054710 DOI: 10.1155/2014/254793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising cell population for cell therapy and regenerative medicine applications. However, how variations in glucose are perceived by MSC pool is still unclear. Since, glucose metabolism is cell type and tissue dependent, this must be considered when MSCs are derived from alternative sources such as the heart. The zinc finger transcription factor Egr-1 is an important early response gene, likely to play a key role in the glucose-induced response. Our aim was to investigate how short-term changes in in vitro glucose concentrations affect multipotent cardiac tissue-derived MSCs (cMSCs) in a mouse model of Egr-1 KO (Egr-1−/−). Results showed that loss of Egr-1 does not significantly influence cMSC proliferation. In contrast, responses to glucose variations were observed in wt but not in Egr-1−/− cMSCs by clonogenic assay. Phenotype analysis by RT-PCR showed that cMSCs Egr-1−/− lost the ability to regulate the glucose transporters GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 and, as expected, the Egr-1 target genes VEGF, TGFβ-1, and p300. Acetylated protein levels of H3 histone were impaired in Egr-1−/− compared to wt cMSCs. We propose that Egr-1 acts as immediate glucose biological sensor in cMSCs after a short period of stimuli, likely inducing epigenetic modifications.
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