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Zhang TY, Liu FQ, Li Z, Xu YT, Zhao WW, Chen HY, Xu JJ. A hollow Ag/AgCl nanoelectrode for single-cell chloride detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2373-2376. [PMID: 38318933 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06078k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
This work reports the construction of a miniaturized Ag/AgCl nanoelectrode on a nanopipette, which is capable of dual-functions of single-cell drug infusion and chloride detection and is envisioned to promote the study of chloride-correlated therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Fang-Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yi-Tong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wei-Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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2
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Marunaka Y. Physiological roles of chloride ions in bodily and cellular functions. J Physiol Sci 2023; 73:31. [PMID: 37968609 PMCID: PMC10717538 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-023-00889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Physiological roles of Cl-, a major anion in the body, are not well known compared with those of cations. This review article introduces: (1) roles of Cl- in bodily and cellular functions; (2) the range of cytosolic Cl- concentration ([Cl-]c); (3) whether [Cl-]c could change with cell volume change under an isosmotic condition; (4) whether [Cl-]c could change under conditions where multiple Cl- transporters and channels contribute to Cl- influx and efflux in an isosmotic state; (5) whether the change in [Cl-]c could be large enough to act as signals; (6) effects of Cl- on cytoskeletal tubulin polymerization through inhibition of GTPase activity and tubulin polymerization-dependent biological activity; (7) roles of cytosolic Cl- in cell proliferation; (8) Cl--regulatory mechanisms of ciliary motility; (9) roles of Cl- in sweet/umami taste receptors; (10) Cl--regulatory mechanisms of with-no-lysine kinase (WNK); (11) roles of Cl- in regulation of epithelial Na+ transport; (12) relationship between roles of Cl- and H+ in body functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Marunaka
- Medical Research Institute, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, General Incorporated Foundation, 67 Kitatsuboi-Cho, Nishinokyo, Nakagyo-Ku, Kyoto, 604-8472, Japan.
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan.
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
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3
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Purushothaman AK, Nelson EJR. Role of innate immunity and systemic inflammation in cystic fibrosis disease progression. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17553. [PMID: 37449112 PMCID: PMC10336457 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathophysiological manifestations of cystic fibrosis (CF) result from a functional defect in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) paving way for mucus obstruction and pathogen colonization. The role of CFTR in modulating immune cell function and vascular integrity, irrespective of mucus thickening, in determining the host cell response to pathogens/allergens and causing systemic inflammation is least appreciated. Since CFTR plays a key role in the conductance of anions like Cl-, loss of CFTR function could affect various basic cellular processes, such as cellular homeostasis, lysosome acidification, and redox balance. CFTR aids in endotoxin tolerance by regulating Toll-like receptor-mediated signaling resulting in uncontrolled activation of innate immune cells. Although leukocytes of CF patients are hyperactivated, they exhibit compromised phagosome activity thus favouring the orchestration of sepsis from defective pathogen clearance. This review will emphasize the importance of innate immunity and systemic inflammatory response in the development of CF and other CFTR-associated pathologies.
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Platinum–copper alloy nanoparticles armored with chloride ion transporter to promote electro-driven tumor inhibition. Bioact Mater 2022; 12:143-152. [PMID: 35310378 PMCID: PMC8897047 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of oxidative species, driven by oscillating electric field (E), has recently emerged as an effective approach for tumor inhibition, so-called electrodynamic therapy (EDT). While it offers a series of advantages attracting considerable attention, the fundamental mechanism and improvement strategies for EDT approach are being endeavored extensively with the aid of new material explorations. An interesting phenomenon observed in early studies is that the on-site concentration of chloride ion is highly favored for the induction of oxidative species and the efficacy of tumor inhibition. Following this discovery ignored previously, here for the first time, fine Pt/Cu alloy nanoparticles (PtCu3 NPs) are integrated with chloride ion transporter (CIT) for EDT-based combinational therapy. In this system, while PtCu3 NPs induce oxidative species under an electric field, it also effectively transforms endogenous H2O2 into •OH and consumes intracellular glutathione (GSH). More importantly, with the aid of CIT, PtCu3-PEG@CIT NPs promote the intracellular concentration of chloride ion (Cl−) by transporting extracellular Cl−, facilitating the generation of oxidative species considerably. Meanwhile, CIT delivered intracellularly increases lysosomal pH, leading to the disruption of cellular autophagy and weakening the treatment resistance. In consequence, significant tumor inhibition is enabled both in vitro and in vivo, due to the combination of unique characteristics offered by PtCu3-PEG@CIT. PtCu3-PEG NPs present the effective ROS generation under electric field and CDT activity. •PtCu3-PEG NPs could consume GSH, inhibiting ROS clearance to enhance EDT and CDT. •PtCu3-PEG@CIT NPs promote intercellular chloride ion concentration, facilitating the ROS generation under electric field. •CIT disrupts autophagy, weakening tumor cell resistance to ROS induced by PtCu3-PEG NPs.
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Gao M, Ma MM, Lu FT, Huang CC, Sun L, Lv XF, Zhang B, Wang GL, Guan YY. Low Chloride-Regulated ClC-5 Contributes to Arterial Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Cerebrovascular Remodeling. Hypertension 2022; 79:e73-e85. [PMID: 35144478 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low serum chloride (Cl-) level is considered an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality associated with chronic hypertension. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. ClC-5, a member of the Cl- channel family, is sensitive to changes in intracellular and extracellular Cl- concentration and conducts outwardly rectifying Cl- currents. The aims of this study were to determine if ClC-5 is regulated by low extracellular Cl-, clarify its putative roles in hypertension-induced cerebrovascular remodeling, and elucidate the associated underlying mechanisms. METHODS Whole-cell patch technique, intracellular Cl- concentration measurements, flow cytometry, Western blot, Clcn5 knockdown (Clcn5-/y), and adenovirus-mediated ClC-5 overexpression mice, 2-kidney, 2-clip, and angiotensin II infusion-induced hypertensive models were used. RESULTS We found that low extracellular Cl- evoked a ClC-5-dependent Cl- current that was abolished by ClC-5 depletion in basilar artery smooth muscle cells. ClC-5 was upregulated in the arterial tissues of rats and patients with hypertension. Low Cl--induced current and ClC-5 protein expression positively correlated with basilar artery remodeling during hypertension. ClC-5 knockdown ameliorated hypertension-induced cerebrovascular remodeling and smooth muscle cell proliferation, whereas ClC-5 overexpression mice exhibited the opposite phenotype. ClC-5-dependent Cl- efflux induced by low extracellular Cl- activated WNK1 (lysine-deficient protein kinase 1) which, in turn, activated AKT, and culminated in basilar artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and vascular remodeling. CONCLUSIONS ClC-5 mediates low Cl--induced Cl- currents in basilar artery smooth muscle cells and regulates hypertension-induced cerebrovascular remodeling by promoting basilar artery smooth muscle cell proliferation via the WNK1/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine (M.G., M.-M.M., F.-T.L., C.-C.H., L.S., X.-F.L., G.-L.W., Y.-Y.G.).,Department of Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. (M.G., C.-C.H.)
| | - Ming-Ming Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine (M.G., M.-M.M., F.-T.L., C.-C.H., L.S., X.-F.L., G.-L.W., Y.-Y.G.)
| | - Feng-Ting Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine (M.G., M.-M.M., F.-T.L., C.-C.H., L.S., X.-F.L., G.-L.W., Y.-Y.G.)
| | - Cheng-Cui Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine (M.G., M.-M.M., F.-T.L., C.-C.H., L.S., X.-F.L., G.-L.W., Y.-Y.G.).,Department of Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. (M.G., C.-C.H.)
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine (M.G., M.-M.M., F.-T.L., C.-C.H., L.S., X.-F.L., G.-L.W., Y.-Y.G.).,Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China (L.S.)
| | - Xiao-Fei Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine (M.G., M.-M.M., F.-T.L., C.-C.H., L.S., X.-F.L., G.-L.W., Y.-Y.G.)
| | - Bin Zhang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, China (B.Z.)
| | - Guan-Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine (M.G., M.-M.M., F.-T.L., C.-C.H., L.S., X.-F.L., G.-L.W., Y.-Y.G.)
| | - Yong-Yuan Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine (M.G., M.-M.M., F.-T.L., C.-C.H., L.S., X.-F.L., G.-L.W., Y.-Y.G.)
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Zhang W, Bai J, Hang K, Xu J, Zhou C, Li L, Wang Z, Wang Y, Wang K, Xue D. Role of Lysosomal Acidification Dysfunction in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:817877. [PMID: 35198560 PMCID: PMC8858834 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.817877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has been widely used as a potential treatment for a variety of diseases. However, the contradiction between the low survival rate of transplanted cells and the beneficial therapeutic effects has affected its clinical use. Lysosomes as organelles at the center of cellular recycling and metabolic signaling, play essential roles in MSC homeostasis. In the first part of this review, we summarize the role of lysosomal acidification dysfunction in MSC senescence. In the second part, we summarize some of the potential strategies targeting lysosomal proteins to enhance the therapeutic effect of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinwu Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Hang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxiang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengwei Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kanbin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Deting Xue
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Deting Xue,
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7
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Liu Y, Ding Q, Halderson SJ, Arriola Apelo SI, Jones AK, Pillai SM, Hoffman ML, Reed S, Govoni KE, Zinn SA, Guo W. Maternal Overnutrition During Gestation in Sheep Alters Autophagy Associated Pathways in Offspring Heart. Front Genet 2022; 12:742704. [PMID: 35173761 PMCID: PMC8841792 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.742704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor maternal nutrition during gestation can negatively affect offspring growth, development, and health pre- and post-natally. Overfeeding during gestation or maternal obesity (MO) results in altered metabolism and imbalanced endocrine hormones in animals and humans which will have long-lasting and detrimental effects on offspring growth and health. In this study, we examined the effects of overnutrition during gestation on autophagy associated pathways in offspring heart muscles at two gestational and one early postnatal time point (n = 5 for treated and untreated male and female heart respectively at each time point). Two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the interaction between treatment and sex at each time point. Our results revealed significant interactions of maternal diet by developmental stages for offspring autophagy signaling. Overfeeding did not affect the autophagy signaling at mid-gestation day 90 (GD90) in both male and female offspring while the inflammatory cytokines were increased in GD90 MO male offsrping; however, overfeeding during gestation significantly increased autophagy signaling, but not inflammation level at a later developmental stage (GD135 and day 1 after birth) in both males and females. We also identified a sexual dimorphic response in which female progeny were more profoundly influenced by maternal diet than male progeny regardless of developmental stages. We also determined the cortisol concentrations in male and female hearts at three developmental stages. We did not observe cortisol changes between males and females or between overfeeding and control groups. Our exploratory studies imply that MO alters autophagy associated pathways in both male and female at later developmental stages with more profound effects in female. This finding need be confirmed with larger sample numbers in the future. Our results suggest that targeting on autophagy pathway could be a strategy for correction of adverse effects in offspring of over-fed ewes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Animal and Diary Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Qiyue Ding
- Department of Animal and Diary Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Steven J. Halderson
- Department of Animal and Diary Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Amanda K. Jones
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Sambhu M. Pillai
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Maria L. Hoffman
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Sarah Reed
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Kristen E. Govoni
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Steven A. Zinn
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Animal and Diary Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Wei Guo,
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Yang J, Yu G, Sessler JL, Shin I, Gale PA, Huang F. Artificial transmembrane ion transporters as potential therapeutics. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Moxibustion Improves Chronic Heart Failure by Inhibiting Autophagy and Inflammation via Upregulation of mTOR Expression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6635876. [PMID: 33603819 PMCID: PMC7872756 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6635876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
How moxibustion improves chronic heart failure is extremely complex and still unclear. This study aimed to explore whether moxibustion inhibits autophagy and reduces inflammation by regulating mTOR expression to induce myocardial protective effects and alleviate symptoms associated with chronic heart failure. Echocardiography was used to detect cardiac function and cardiac structure of rats, including heart rate (HR), left atrium diameter (LA), left ventricular diameter (LV), left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW), interventricular septum (IVS), ejection fraction (EF), and fractional shortening (FS). BNP and NT-pro BNP levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Autophagy-associated protein (ATG) genes and mTOR were detected by PCR. The expression of mTOR and phosphorylated-mTOR was detected through western blotting of proteins from myocardial tissue samples. The left ventricular inflammatory response was detected by immunohistochemistry and included ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression. The relationship between autophagy and inflammation was analyzed by correlation analysis. The results from echocardiography and ELISA showed that moxibustion could significantly improve heart function and structure. Western blot and PCR results showed that moxibustion treatment elevated mTOR expression. Further, moxibustion could inhibit autophagy and regulate the expression of key autophagy-related genes, including Vps34, ATG3, ATG5, ATG7, ATG12, and ATG13. By contrast, rapamycin could partially reduce the effects of moxibustion. Immunohistochemistry results indicated that moxibustion could reduce myocardial inflammation. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between autophagy and inflammation. Moxibustion can protect cardiac function in rats with heart failure, possibly inhibiting excessive autophagy of cardiomyocytes and reducing inflammatory reactions through the elevation of mTOR expression.
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10
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Park SH, Shin I, Kim YH, Shin I. Mitochondrial Cl --Selective Fluorescent Probe for Biological Applications. Anal Chem 2020; 92:12116-12119. [PMID: 32829639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe the development of the first mitochondrial Cl--selective fluorescent probe, Mito-MQAE, and its applications in biological systems. Fluorescence of Mito-MQAE is insensitive to pH over the physiological pH range and is quenched by Cl- with a Stern-Volmer quenching constant of 201 M-1 at pH 7.0. The results of cell studies using Mito-MQAE show that substances with the ability to disrupt mitochondrial membranes cause increases in the mitochondrial Cl- concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Insu Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Injae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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11
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High Expression of TTYH3 is Related to Poor Clinical Outcomes in Human Gastric Cancer. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111762. [PMID: 31652813 PMCID: PMC6912211 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels play important roles in regulating various cellular processes and malignant transformation. Expressions of some chloride channels have been suggested to be associated with patient survival in gastric cancer (GC). However, little is known about the expression and function of TTYH3, a gene encoding a chloride ion channel, in cancer progression. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the expression of TTYH3 and its clinical outcome in GC using publicly available cancer gene expression and patient survival data through various databases. We examined the differences of TTYH3 expression between cancers and their normal tissues using the Oncomine, UALCAN, and GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) databases. TTYH3 expression was investigated from immunohistochemistry images using the Human Protein Atlas database. Copy number alterations and mutations of TTYH3 were analyzed using cBioPortal. The co-expression profile of TTYH3 in GC was revealed using Oncomine. The gene ontology and pathway analyses were done using those co-expressed genes via the Enrichr tool to explore the predicted signaling pathways in GC. TTYH3 mRNA and protein levels in GC were significantly greater than those in normal tissue. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed the upregulation of TTYH3 expression, which was significantly correlated with worse patient survival. Collectively, our data suggest that TTYH3 might be a potential prognostic marker for GC patients.
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12
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Abstract
Recently, we showed that synthetic anion transporters DSC4P-1 and SA-3 had activity related to cancer cell death. They were found to increase intracellular chloride and sodium ion concentrations. They were also found to induce apoptosis (DSC4P-1) and both induce apoptosis and inhibit autophagy (SA-3). However, determinants underlying these phenomenological findings were not elucidated. The absence of mechanistic understanding has limited the development of yet-improved systems. Here, we show that three synthetic anion transporters, DSC4P-1, SA-3, and 8FC4P, induce osmotic stress in cells by increasing intracellular ion concentrations. This triggers the generation of reactive oxygen species via a sequential process and promotes caspase-dependent apoptosis. In addition, two of the transporters, SA-3 and 8FC4P, induce autophagy by increasing the cytosolic calcium ion concentration promoted by osmotic stress. However, they eventually inhibit the autophagy process as a result of their ability to disrupt lysosome function through a transporter-mediated decrease in a lysosomal chloride ion concentration and an increase in the lysosomal pH.
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13
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Jowett LA, Ricci A, Wu X, Howe ENW, Gale PA. Investigating the Influence of Steric Hindrance on Selective Anion Transport. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071278. [PMID: 30986928 PMCID: PMC6480120 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of symmetrical and unsymmetrical alkyl tren based tris-thiourea anion transporters were synthesised and their anion binding and transport properties studied. Overall, increasing the steric bulk of the substituents resulted in improved chloride binding and transport abilities. Including a macrocycle in the scaffold enhanced the selectivity of chloride transport in the presence of fatty acids, by reducing the undesired H⁺ flux facilitated by fatty acid flip-flop. This study demonstrates the benefit of including enforced steric hindrance and encapsulation in the design of more selective anion receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Jowett
- School of Chemistry (F11), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Angela Ricci
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Chemistry Section, Universita Degli Studi Di Urbino "Carlo Bo", via della Stazione 4, 61029 Urbino PU, Italia.
| | - Xin Wu
- School of Chemistry (F11), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Ethan N W Howe
- School of Chemistry (F11), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Philip A Gale
- School of Chemistry (F11), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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14
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Wan SS, Zhang L, Zhang XZ. An ATP-Regulated Ion Transport Nanosystem for Homeostatic Perturbation Therapy and Sensitizing Photodynamic Therapy by Autophagy Inhibition of Tumors. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:327-340. [PMID: 30834321 PMCID: PMC6396388 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this article, an adenosine-triphosphate-regulated (ATP-regulated) ion transport nanosystem [SQU@PCN, porphyrinic porous coordination network (PCN) incorporated with squaramide (SQU)] was designed and synthesized for homeostatic perturbation therapy (HPT) and sensitizing photodynamic therapy (PDT) of tumors. It was found that this nanotransporter SQU@PCN easily accumulated in tumor sites while avoiding metabolic clearance and side effects. In response to a high expression of ATP in the tumor, SQU@PCN was decomposed because of the strong coordination of ATP with metal ligand of PCN. Subsequently, incorporated SQU was released and then simultaneously transported chloride ions across membrane of the cell and lysosome along with the chloride ion concentration gradient. On one hand, influx of chloride ions by SQU increased intracellular ion concentration, which disrupted ion homeostasis and further induced tumor cell apoptosis. On the other hand, SQU-medicated coupling transport of H+/Cl- across the lysosomal membrane alkalized the lysosome, resulting in inhibition of autophagy. This SQU-mediated autophagy inhibition would sensitize PCN-based PDT since activated autophagy by traditional PDT would resist and weaken the therapeutic efficacy. In vivo animal test results revealed that combined HPT and sensitized PDT could realize tumor eradication while blocking metastasis, which provided a paradigm for complementary multimodal tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical
Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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15
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Park SH, Hyun JY, Shin I. A lysosomal chloride ion-selective fluorescent probe for biological applications. Chem Sci 2018; 10:56-66. [PMID: 30746073 PMCID: PMC6334773 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04084b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal pHs are maintained at low values by the cooperative action of a proton pump and a chloride channel to maintain electroneutrality. Owing to the biological significance of lysosomal chloride ions, measurements of their levels are of great importance to understand lysosome-associated biological events. However, appropriate probes to selectively detect Cl- ions within acidic lysosomes have not been developed to date. In this study, we prepared MQAE-MP, a lysosomal Cl--selective fluorescent probe, and applied it to gain information about biological processes associated with lysosomes. The fluorescence of MQAE-MP is pH-insensitive over physiological pH ranges and is quenched by Cl- with a Stern-Volmer constant of 204 M-1. Because MQAE-MP detects lysosomal Cl- selectively, it was employed to assess the effects of eleven substances on lysosomal Cl- concentrations. The results show that lysosomal Cl- concentrations decrease in cells treated with substances that inhibit proteins responsible for lysosomal membrane stabilization, induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization, and transport lysosomal Cl- to the cytosol. In addition, we investigated the effect of lysosomal chloride ions on the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes to generate autolysosomes during autophagy inhibition promoted by substances. It was found that changes in lysosomal Cl- concentrations did not affect the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes but an increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration blocked the fusion process. We demonstrate from the current study that MQAE-MP has great potential as a lysosomal Cl--selective fluorescent probe for studies of biological events associated with lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyun Park
- Center for Biofunctional Molecules , Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea .
| | - Ji Young Hyun
- Center for Biofunctional Molecules , Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea .
| | - Injae Shin
- Center for Biofunctional Molecules , Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea .
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16
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Marunaka Y. The Proposal of Molecular Mechanisms of Weak Organic Acids Intake-Induced Improvement of Insulin Resistance in Diabetes Mellitus via Elevation of Interstitial Fluid pH. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103244. [PMID: 30347717 PMCID: PMC6214001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood contains powerful pH-buffering molecules such as hemoglobin (Hb) and albumin, while interstitial fluids have little pH-buffering molecules. Thus, even under metabolic disorder conditions except severe cases, arterial blood pH is kept constant within the normal range (7.35~7.45), but the interstitial fluid pH under metabolic disorder conditions becomes lower than the normal level. Insulin resistance is one of the most important key factors in pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, nevertheless the molecular mechanism of insulin resistance occurrence is still unclear. Our studies indicate that lowered interstitial fluid pH occurs in diabetes mellitus, causing insulin resistance via reduction of the binding affinity of insulin to its receptor. Therefore, the key point for improvement of insulin resistance occurring in diabetes mellitus is development of methods or techniques elevating the lowered interstitial fluid pH. Intake of weak organic acids is found to improve the insulin resistance by elevating the lowered interstitial fluid pH in diabetes mellitus. One of the molecular mechanisms of the pH elevation is that: (1) the carboxyl group (R-COO−) but not H+ composing weak organic acids in foods is absorbed into the body, and (2) the absorbed the carboxyl group (R-COO−) behaves as a pH buffer material, elevating the interstitial fluid pH. On the other hand, high salt intake has been suggested to cause diabetes mellitus; however, the molecular mechanism is unclear. A possible mechanism of high salt intake-caused diabetes mellitus is proposed from a viewpoint of regulation of the interstitial fluid pH: high salt intake lowers the interstitial fluid pH via high production of H+ associated with ATP synthesis required for the Na+,K+-ATPase to extrude the high leveled intracellular Na+ caused by high salt intake. This review article introduces the molecular mechanism causing the lowered interstitial fluid pH and insulin resistance in diabetes mellitus, the improvement of insulin resistance via intake of weak organic acid-containing foods, and a proposal mechanism of high salt intake-caused diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Marunaka
- Research Institute for Clinical Physiology, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Kyoto 604-8472, Japan.
- Research Center for Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Development Science, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan.
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
- Japan Institute for Food Education and Health, St. Agnes' University, Kyoto 602-8013, Japan.
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17
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Ikeuchi Y, Kogiso H, Hosogi S, Tanaka S, Shimamoto C, Matsumura H, Inui T, Marunaka Y, Nakahari T. Carbocisteine stimulated an increase in ciliary bend angle via a decrease in [Cl -] i in mouse airway cilia. Pflugers Arch 2018; 471:365-380. [PMID: 30291431 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbocisteine (CCis), a mucoactive agent, is widely used to improve respiratory diseases. This study demonstrated that CCis increases ciliary bend angle (CBA) by 30% and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) by 10% in mouse airway ciliary cells. These increases were induced by an elevation in intracellular pH (pHi; the pHi pathway) and a decrease in the intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i; the Cl- pathway) stimulated by CCis. The Cl- pathway, which is independent of CO2/HCO3-, increased CBA by 20%. This pathway activated Cl- release via activation of Cl- channels, leading to a decrease in [Cl-]i, and was inhibited by Cl- channel blockers (5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid and CFTR(inh)-172). Under the CO2/HCO3--free condition, the CBA increase stimulated by CCis was mimicked by the Cl--free NO3- solution. The pHi pathway, which depends on CO2/HCO3-, increased CBF and CBA by 10%. This pathway activated HCO3- entry via Na+/HCO3- cotransport (NBC), leading to a pHi elevation, and was inhibited by 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid. The effects of CCis were not affected by a protein kinase A inhibitor (1 μM PKI-A) or Ca2+-free solution. Thus, CCis decreased [Cl-]i via activation of Cl- channels including CFTR, increasing CBA by 20%, and elevated pHi via NBC activation, increasing CBF and CBA by 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.,Research Center for Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Development Science, Research Organization of Science and Technology, BKC, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Haruka Kogiso
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.,Research Center for Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Development Science, Research Organization of Science and Technology, BKC, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shigekuni Hosogi
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Saori Tanaka
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Chikao Shimamoto
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Matsumura
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Toshio Inui
- Research Center for Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Development Science, Research Organization of Science and Technology, BKC, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.,Saisei Mirai Clinics, Moriguchi, 570-0012, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.,Research Center for Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Development Science, Research Organization of Science and Technology, BKC, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.,Research Institute for Clinical Physiology, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Kyoto, 604-8472, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakahari
- Research Center for Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Development Science, Research Organization of Science and Technology, BKC, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
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18
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Hu C, Yang J, He Q, Luo Y, Chen Z, Yang L, Yi H, Li H, Xia H, Ran D, Yang Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Wang H. CysLTR1 Blockage Ameliorates Liver Injury Caused by Aluminum-Overload via PI3K/AKT/mTOR-Mediated Autophagy Activation in Vivo and in Vitro. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1996-2006. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Congli Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Junqing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qin He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Honggang Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dongzhi Ran
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiahua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuke Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
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19
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Cheung S, Wu D, Daly HC, Busschaert N, Morgunova M, Simpson JC, Scholz D, Gale PA, O'Shea DF. Real-Time Recording of the Cellular Effects of the Anion Transporter Prodigiosin. Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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Ikeuchi Y, Kogiso H, Hosogi S, Tanaka S, Shimamoto C, Inui T, Nakahari T, Marunaka Y. Measurement of [Cl -] i unaffected by the cell volume change using MQAE-based two-photon microscopy in airway ciliary cells of mice. J Physiol Sci 2018; 68:191-199. [PMID: 29332212 PMCID: PMC10717022 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-018-0591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
MQAE is a 'non-ratiometric' chloride ion (Cl-)-quenched fluorescent indicator that is used to determine intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i). MQAE-based two-photon microscopy is reported to be a useful method to measure [Cl-]i, but it is still controversial because a change in cell volume may alter the MQAE concentration, leading to a change in the fluorescence intensity without any change in [Cl-]i. In an attempt to elucidate the effect or lack of effect of cell volume on MQAE concentration, we studied the effects of changes in cell volume, achieved by applying different levels of osmotic stress, on the intensity of MQAE fluorescence in airway ciliary cells. To study solely the effect of changes in cell volume on MQAE fluorescence intensity, i.e., excluding the effect of any change in [Cl-]i, we first conducted the experiments in a Cl--free nitrate (NO3-) solution to substitute NO3- (non-quenching anion for MQAE fluorescence) for Cl- in the intracellular fluid. Hypo- (- 30 mM NaNO3) or hyper-osmotic stress (+ 30 mM NaNO3) effected changes in cell volume, but the stress did not result in any significant change in MQAE fluorescence intensity. The experiments were also carried out in Cl--containing solution. Hypo-osmotic stress (- 30 mM NaCl) increased both MQAE fluorescence intensity and cell volume, while hyper-osmotic stress (+ 30 mM NaCl) decreased both of these properties. These results suggest that the osmotic stress-induced change in MQAE fluorescence intensity was caused by the change in [Cl-]i and not by the MQAE concentration. Moreover, the intracellular distribution of MQAEs was heterogeneous and not affected by the changes in osmotic stress-induced cell volume, suggesting that MQAEs are bound to un-identified subcellular structures. These bound MQAEs appear to have enabled the measurement of [Cl-]i in airway ciliary cells, even under conditions of cell volume change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Haruka Kogiso
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigekuni Hosogi
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saori Tanaka
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Chikao Shimamoto
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Nakahari
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
- Department of Bio-Ionomics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
- Japan Institute for Food Education and Health, St Agnes' University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Bio-Ionomics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Japan Institute for Food Education and Health, St Agnes' University, Kyoto, Japan
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21
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Woldemichael T, Rosania GR. The physiological determinants of drug-induced lysosomal stress resistance. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187627. [PMID: 29117253 PMCID: PMC5678708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many weakly basic, lipophilic drugs accumulate in lysosomes and exert complex, pleiotropic effects on organelle structure and function. Thus, modeling how perturbations of lysosomal physiology affect the maintenance of lysosomal ion homeostasis is necessary to elucidate the key factors which determine the toxicological effects of lysosomotropic agents, in a cell-type dependent manner. Accordingly, a physiologically-based mathematical modeling and simulation approach was used to explore the dynamic, multi-parameter phenomenon of lysosomal stress. With this approach, parameters that are either directly involved in lysosomal ion transportation or lysosomal morphology were transiently altered to investigate their downstream effects on lysosomal physiology reflected by the changes they induce in lysosomal pH, chloride, and membrane potential. In addition, combinations of parameters were simultaneously altered to assess which parameter was most critical for recovery of normal lysosomal physiology. Lastly, to explore the relationship between organelle morphology and induced stress, we investigated the effects of parameters controlling organelle geometry on the restoration of normal lysosomal physiology following a transient perturbation. Collectively, our results indicate a key, interdependent role of V-ATPase number and membrane proton permeability in lysosomal stress tolerance. This suggests that the cell-type dependent regulation of V-ATPase subunit expression and turnover, together with the proton permeability properties of the lysosomal membrane, is critical to understand the differential sensitivity or resistance of different cell types to the toxic effects of lysosomotropic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tehetina Woldemichael
- Biophysics Program, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Gus R. Rosania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Jiang YY, Hou HT, Yang Q, Liu XC, He GW. Chloride Channels are Involved in the Development of Atrial Fibrillation - A Transcriptomic and proteomic Study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10215. [PMID: 28860555 PMCID: PMC5579191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10590-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical and structural remodeling processes are contributors to the self-perpetuating nature of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, their correlation has not been clarified. In this study, human atrial tissues from the patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease in either sinus rhythm or persistent AF were analyzed using a combined transcriptomic and proteomic approach. An up-regulation in chloride intracellular channel (CLIC) 1, 4, 5 and a rise in type IV collagen were revealed. Combined with the results from immunohistochemistry and electron microscope analysis, the distribution of type IV collagen and effects of fibrosis on myocyte membrane indicated the possible interaction between CLIC and type IV collagen, confirmed by protein structure prediction and co-immunoprecipitation. These results indicate that CLICs play an important role in the development of atrial fibrillation and that CLICs and structural type IV collagen may interact on each other to promote the development of AF in rheumatic mitral valve disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yao Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Center for Basic Medical Research, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, & Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University & Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Tao Hou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Center for Basic Medical Research, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, & Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Center for Basic Medical Research, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, & Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Cheng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Center for Basic Medical Research, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, & Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guo-Wei He
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Center for Basic Medical Research, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, & Nankai University, Tianjin, China. .,The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University & Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
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23
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Jowett LA, Howe ENW, Soto-Cerrato V, Van Rossom W, Pérez-Tomás R, Gale PA. Indole-based perenosins as highly potent HCl transporters and potential anti-cancer agents. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9397. [PMID: 28839192 PMCID: PMC5570892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09645-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prodigiosin is one of the most potent anion transporters in lipid bilayer membranes reported to date. Inspired by the structure of this natural product, we have recently designed and synthesised a new class of H+/Cl− cotransporters named ‘perenosins’. Here we report a new library of indole-based perenosins and their anion transport properties. The new transporters demonstrated superior transmembrane transport efficiency when compared to other indole-based transporters, due to favourable encapsulating effects from the substituents on the perenosin backbone. Anion transport assays were used to determine the mechanism of chloride transport revealing that the compounds function as ‘strict’ HCl cotransporters. Cell viability studies showed that some compounds specifically trigger late-onset cell death after 72 h with a unique correlation to the position of alkyl chains on the perenosins. Further investigations of cell death mechanism showed a mixture of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis was responsible for the observed decrease in cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Jowett
- School of Chemistry (F11), The University of Sydney, 2006, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ethan N W Howe
- School of Chemistry (F11), The University of Sydney, 2006, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vanessa Soto-Cerrato
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Cancer Cell Biology Research Group, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wim Van Rossom
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Tomás
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Cancer Cell Biology Research Group, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Philip A Gale
- School of Chemistry (F11), The University of Sydney, 2006, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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24
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Marunaka Y. The Mechanistic Links between Insulin and Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Cl - Channel. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081767. [PMID: 28805732 PMCID: PMC5578156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl− channel belongs to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily and regulates Cl− secretion in epithelial cells for water secretion. Loss-of-function mutations to the CFTR gene cause dehydrated mucus on the apical side of epithelial cells and increase the susceptibility of bacterial infection, especially in the airway and pulmonary tissues. Therefore, research on the molecular properties of CFTR, such as its gating mechanism and subcellular trafficking, have been intensively pursued. Dysregulated CFTR trafficking is one of the major pathological hallmarks in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients bearing missense mutations in the CFTR gene. Hormones that activate cAMP signaling, such as catecholamine, have been found to regulate the intracellular trafficking of CFTR. Insulin is one of the hormones that regulate cAMP production and promote trafficking of transmembrane proteins to the plasma membrane. The functional interactions between insulin and CFTR have not yet been clearly defined. In this review article, I review the roles of CFTR in epithelial cells, its regulatory role in insulin secretion, and a mechanism of CFTR regulation by insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Marunaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
- Department of Bio-Ionomics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
- Japan Institute for Food Education and Health, St. Agnes' University, Kyoto 602-8013, Japan.
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25
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Qian M, Fang X, Wang X. Autophagy and inflammation. Clin Transl Med 2017; 6:24. [PMID: 28748360 PMCID: PMC5529308 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-017-0154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a homeostatic mechanism involved in the disposal of damaged organelles, denatured proteins as well as invaded pathogens through a lysosomal degradation pathway. Recently, increasing evidences have demonstrated its role in both innate and adaptive immunity, and thereby influence the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. The detection of autophagy machinery facilitated the measurement of autophagy during physiological and pathophysiological processes. Autophagy plays critical roles in inflammation through influencing the development, homeostasis and survival of inflammatory cells, including macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes; effecting the transcription, processing and secretion of a number of cytokines, as well as being regulated by cytokines. Recently, autophagy-dependent mechanisms have been studied in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases, including infectious diseases, Crohn’s disease, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and so on. These studies suggested that modulation of autophagy might lead to therapeutic interventions for diseases associated with inflammation. Here we highlight recent advances in investigating the roles of autophagy in inflammation as well as inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Qian
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Fudan University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaocong Fang
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Fudan University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Fudan University Medical School, Shanghai, China.
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26
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Busschaert N, Park SH, Baek KH, Choi YP, Park J, Howe ENW, Hiscock JR, Karagiannidis LE, Marques I, Félix V, Namkung W, Sessler JL, Gale PA, Shin I. A synthetic ion transporter that disrupts autophagy and induces apoptosis by perturbing cellular chloride concentrations. Nat Chem 2017. [PMID: 28644464 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2706;] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Perturbations in cellular chloride concentrations can affect cellular pH and autophagy and lead to the onset of apoptosis. With this in mind, synthetic ion transporters have been used to disturb cellular ion homeostasis and thereby induce cell death; however, it is not clear whether synthetic ion transporters can also be used to disrupt autophagy. Here, we show that squaramide-based ion transporters enhance the transport of chloride anions in liposomal models and promote sodium chloride influx into the cytosol. Liposomal and cellular transport activity of the squaramides is shown to correlate with cell death activity, which is attributed to caspase-dependent apoptosis. One ion transporter was also shown to cause additional changes in lysosomal pH, which leads to impairment of lysosomal enzyme activity and disruption of autophagic processes. This disruption is independent of the initiation of apoptosis by the ion transporter. This study provides the first experimental evidence that synthetic ion transporters can disrupt both autophagy and induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seong-Hyun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Baek
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Pyo Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinhong Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 21983 Incheon, Korea
| | - Ethan N W Howe
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | | | | | - Igor Marques
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Medical Sciences, iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vítor Félix
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Medical Sciences, iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Wan Namkung
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 21983 Incheon, Korea
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 78712-1224 Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Philip A Gale
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Injae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Korea
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Gao J, Liang Y, Zhang D, Wang Y, Yang J, Liu H. A novel epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor for treating lung cancer. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317698358. [PMID: 28443496 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317698358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of a novel synthetic epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, COMPOUND7809, on the inhibition of lung cancer growth in vitro and the underlying mechanisms, we treated three lung tumor cell lines (A549, SK-LU-1, and NCI-H23) with COMPOUND7809 and a Food and Drug Administration-approved epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor gefitinib. Then, we examined cell growth in a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, cell survival in a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and cell apoptosis by Annexin V flow cytometry in the presence of fluorouracil. We found that compared to gefitinib, COMPOUND7809 inhibited cell growth more potentially and induced more cell death in the presence of fluorouracil. Thus, our study demonstrates that COMPOUND7809 may be a promising epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor for human lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Fist Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong University of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuli Liang
- Department of Geriatrics, Fist Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong University of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dongying Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Fist Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong University of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Fist Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong University of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiamin Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Fist Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong University of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Fist Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong University of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Xia J, Wang H, Li S, Wu Q, Sun L, Huang H, Zeng M. Ion channels or aquaporins as novel molecular targets in gastric cancer. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:54. [PMID: 28264681 PMCID: PMC5338097 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0622-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common disease with few effective treatment choices and poor prognosis, and has the second-highest mortality rates among all cancers worldwide. Dysregulation and/or malfunction of ion channels or aquaporins (AQPs) are common in various human cancers. Furthermore, ion channels are involved in numerous important aspects of the tumor aggressive phonotype, such as proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, motility, migration, and invasion. Indeed, by localizing in the plasma membrane, ion channels or AQPs can sense and respond to extracellular environment changes; thus, they play a crucial role in cell signaling and cancer progression. These findings have expanded a new area of pharmaceutical exploration for various types of cancer, including GC. The involvement of multiple ion channels, such as voltage-gated potassium and sodium channels, intracellular chloride channels, ‘transient receptor potential’ channels, and AQPs, which have been shown to facilitate the pathogenesis of other tumors, also plays a role in GC. In this review, an overview of ion channel and aquaporin expression and function in carcinogenesis of GC is presented. Studies of ion channels or AQPs will advance our understanding of the molecular genesis of GC and may identify novel and effective targets for the clinical application of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Xia
- Cancer Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, The Western First Round Road, Section 2#32, Chengdu, 610072, China.,Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhoushan, 316000, China.,Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shi Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, China
| | - Qinghui Wu
- Department of Urology, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hongxiang Huang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Cancer Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, The Western First Round Road, Section 2#32, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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29
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A synthetic ion transporter that disrupts autophagy and induces apoptosis by perturbing cellular chloride concentrations. Nat Chem 2017. [PMID: 28644464 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Perturbations in cellular chloride concentrations can affect cellular pH and autophagy and lead to the onset of apoptosis. With this in mind, synthetic ion transporters have been used to disturb cellular ion homeostasis and thereby induce cell death; however, it is not clear whether synthetic ion transporters can also be used to disrupt autophagy. Here, we show that squaramide-based ion transporters enhance the transport of chloride anions in liposomal models and promote sodium chloride influx into the cytosol. Liposomal and cellular transport activity of the squaramides is shown to correlate with cell death activity, which is attributed to caspase-dependent apoptosis. One ion transporter was also shown to cause additional changes in lysosomal pH, which leads to impairment of lysosomal enzyme activity and disruption of autophagic processes. This disruption is independent of the initiation of apoptosis by the ion transporter. This study provides the first experimental evidence that synthetic ion transporters can disrupt both autophagy and induce apoptosis.
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Takada T, Takata K, Ashihara E. Inhibition of monocarboxylate transporter 1 suppresses the proliferation of glioblastoma stem cells. J Physiol Sci 2016; 66:387-96. [PMID: 26902636 PMCID: PMC10717967 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-016-0435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that a minor subset of cancer cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs), have self-renewal and tumorigenic potential. Therefore, the characterization of CSCs is important for developing therapeutic strategies against cancer. Cancer cells rely on anaerobic glycolysis to produce ATP even under normoxic conditions, resulting in the generation of excess acidic substances. Cancer cells maintain a weakly alkaline intracellular pH to support functions. Glioblastoma is an aggressive malignancy with a poor 5-year survival rate. Based on the hypothesis that ion transport-related molecules regulate the viability and function of CSCs, we investigated the expression of ion transport-related molecules in glioblastoma CSCs (GSCs). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that monocarboxylate transporter1 (MCT1) were upregulated in GSCs, and inhibition of MCT1 decreased the viability of GSCs compared with that of non-GSCs. Our findings indicate that MCT1 is involved in the maintenance of GSCs and is a promising therapeutic target for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Takada
- Department of Clinical and Translational Physiology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Takata
- Department of Clinical and Translational Physiology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Eishi Ashihara
- Department of Clinical and Translational Physiology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan.
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31
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Circu ML, Dykes SS, Carroll J, Kelly K, Galiano F, Greer A, Cardelli J, El-Osta H. A Novel High Content Imaging-Based Screen Identifies the Anti-Helminthic Niclosamide as an Inhibitor of Lysosome Anterograde Trafficking and Prostate Cancer Cell Invasion. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146931. [PMID: 26784896 PMCID: PMC4718621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosome trafficking plays a significant role in tumor invasion, a key event for the development of metastasis. Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that the anterograde (outward) movement of lysosomes to the cell surface in response to certain tumor microenvironment stimulus, such as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) or acidic extracellular pH (pHe), increases cathepsin B secretion and tumor cell invasion. Anterograde lysosome trafficking depends on sodium-proton exchanger activity and can be reversed by blocking these ion pumps with Troglitazone or EIPA. Since these drugs cannot be advanced into the clinic due to toxicity, we have designed a high-content assay to discover drugs that block peripheral lysosome trafficking with the goal of identifying novel drugs that inhibit tumor cell invasion. An automated high-content imaging system (Cellomics) was used to measure the position of lysosomes relative to the nucleus. Among a total of 2210 repurposed and natural product drugs screened, 18 "hits" were identified. One of the compounds identified as an anterograde lysosome trafficking inhibitor was niclosamide, a marketed human anti-helminthic drug. Further studies revealed that niclosamide blocked acidic pHe, HGF, and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced anterograde lysosome redistribution, protease secretion, motility, and invasion of DU145 castrate resistant prostate cancer cells at clinically relevant concentrations. In an effort to identify the mechanism by which niclosamide prevented anterograde lysosome movement, we found that this drug exhibited no significant effect on the level of ATP, microtubules or actin filaments, and had minimal effect on the PI3K and MAPK pathways. Niclosamide collapsed intralysosomal pH without disruption of the lysosome membrane, while bafilomycin, an agent that impairs lysosome acidification, was also found to induce JLA in our model. Taken together, these data suggest that niclosamide promotes juxtanuclear lysosome aggregation (JLA) via modulation of pathways involved in lysosome acidification. In conclusion, we have designed a validated reproducible high-content assay to screen for drugs that inhibit lysosome trafficking and reduce tumor invasion and we summarize the action of one of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena L. Circu
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Samantha S. Dykes
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Carroll
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Kinsey Kelly
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Floyd Galiano
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Adam Greer
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - James Cardelli
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Hazem El-Osta
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 inhibits gastric cancer cell invasion via matrix metalloproteinase 7. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:5225-30. [PMID: 26553362 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) is a mitochondrial NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase and has been found to be a tumor suppressor in several types of tumors. However, the roles of IDH2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (GC) as well as underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, the IDH2 and matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) levels in the specimens from 30 GC patients were investigated by Western blot and ELISA, respectively. Their relationship was examined by correlation analyses. Patient survival with high IDH2 levels and low IDH2 levels was compared. IDH2 levels, and MMP7 levels were modified in a human GC cell line. The effects of IDH2 or MMP7 modulation on the expression of each other were analyzed. The dependence of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling was examined using a specific inhibitor. We found that the IDH2 levels significantly decreased in GC, and were even lower in GC with metastases, compared to those without metastases. IDH2 levels inversely correlated with MMP7 levels in GC. GC patients with low IDH2 had lower 5-year survival. MMP7 levels did not regulate IDH2 levels, while IDH2 inhibited MMP7 levels in GC cells, in a NF-κB signaling dependent manner. Together, these data suggest that IDH2 may be a tumor suppressor in that its loss may promote malignant progression of GC via NF-κB-dependent increases in MMP7 activity.
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Arnason T, Harkness T. Development, Maintenance, and Reversal of Multiple Drug Resistance: At the Crossroads of TFPI1, ABC Transporters, and HIF1. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:2063-82. [PMID: 26501324 PMCID: PMC4695877 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7040877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection and improved therapies for many cancers are enhancing survival rates. Although many cytotoxic therapies are approved for aggressive or metastatic cancer; response rates are low and acquisition of de novo resistance is virtually universal. For decades; chemotherapeutic treatments for cancer have included anthracyclines such as Doxorubicin (DOX); and its use in aggressive tumors appears to remain a viable option; but drug resistance arises against DOX; as for all other classes of compounds. Our recent work suggests the anticoagulant protein Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor 1α (TFPI1α) plays a role in driving the development of multiple drug resistance (MDR); but not maintenance; of the MDR state. Other factors; such as the ABC transporter drug efflux pumps MDR-1/P-gp (ABCB1) and BCRP (ABCG2); are required for MDR maintenance; as well as development. The patient population struggling with therapeutic resistance specifically requires novel treatment options to resensitize these tumor cells to therapy. In this review we discuss the development, maintenance, and reversal of MDR as three distinct phases of cancer biology. Possible means to exploit these stages to reverse MDR will be explored. Early molecular detection of MDR cancers before clinical failure has the potential to offer new approaches to fighting MDR cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terra Arnason
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+1-306-844-1119; Fax: +1-306-844-1512
| | - Troy Harkness
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada;
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34
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Bader CA, Shandala T, Ng YS, Johnson IRD, Brooks DA. Atg9 is required for intraluminal vesicles in amphisomes and autolysosomes. Biol Open 2015; 4:1345-55. [PMID: 26353861 PMCID: PMC4728360 DOI: 10.1242/bio.013979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular recycling and degradation process, which is important for energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, physiological stress response and organism development. During Drosophila development, autophagy is up-regulated in fat body and midgut cells, to control metabolic function and to enable tissue remodelling. Atg9 is the only transmembrane protein involved in the core autophagy machinery and is thought to have a role in autophagosome formation. During Drosophila development, Atg9 co-located with Atg8 autophagosomes, Rab11 endosomes and Lamp1 endosomes-lysosomes. RNAi silencing of Atg9 reduced both the number and the size of autophagosomes during development and caused morphological changes to amphisomes/autolysosomes. In control cells there was compartmentalised acidification corresponding to intraluminal Rab11/Lamp-1 vesicles, but in Atg9 depleted cells there were no intraluminal vesicles and the acidification was not compartmentalised. We concluded that Atg9 is required to form intraluminal vesicles and for localised acidification within amphisomes/autolysosomes, and consequently when depleted, reduced the capacity to degrade and remodel gut tissue during development. Summary: The disappearance of intraluminal vesicles in amphisomes/autolysosomes upon Atg9 depletion suggests that Atg9 has a specific role in intraluminal vesicle formation in autophagic compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Bader
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - T Shandala
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Y S Ng
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - I R D Johnson
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - D A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
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Singh R, Kuai D, Guziewicz KE, Meyer J, Wilson M, Lu J, Smith M, Clark E, Verhoeven A, Aguirre GD, Gamm DM. Pharmacological Modulation of Photoreceptor Outer Segment Degradation in a Human iPS Cell Model of Inherited Macular Degeneration. Mol Ther 2015; 23:1700-1711. [PMID: 26300224 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradation of photoreceptor outer segments (POS) by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is essential for vision, and studies have implicated altered POS processing in the pathogenesis of some retinal degenerative diseases. Consistent with this concept, a recently established hiPSC-RPE model of inherited macular degeneration, Best disease (BD), displayed reduced rates of POS breakdown. Herein we utilized this model to determine (i) if disturbances in protein degradation pathways are associated with delayed POS digestion and (ii) whether such defect(s) can be pharmacologically targeted. We found that BD hiPSC-RPE cultures possessed increased protein oxidation, decreased free-ubiquitin levels, and altered rates of exosome secretion, consistent with altered POS processing. Application of valproic acid (VPA) with or without rapamycin increased rates of POS degradation in our model, whereas application of bafilomycin-A1 decreased such rates. Importantly, the negative effect of bafilomycin-A1 could be fully reversed by VPA. The utility of hiPSC-RPE for VPA testing was further evident following examination of its efficacy and metabolism in a complementary canine disease model. Our findings suggest that disturbances in protein degradation pathways contribute to the POS processing defect observed in BD hiPSC-RPE, which can be manipulated pharmacologically. These results have therapeutic implications for BD and perhaps other maculopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira Singh
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David Kuai
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Karina E Guziewicz
- Department of Clinical Studies-Philadelphia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jackelyn Meyer
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Molly Wilson
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jianfeng Lu
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Molly Smith
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Eric Clark
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amelia Verhoeven
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Gustavo D Aguirre
- Department of Clinical Studies-Philadelphia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David M Gamm
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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Li W, Zhang J, Chen T, Yin P, Yang J, Cao Y. miR-132 upregulation promotes gastric cancer cell growth through suppression of FoxO1 translation. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:15551-15557. [PMID: 26298723 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3924-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma (GC) is a prevalent malignant cancer worldwide and is highly lethal due to its fast growth. Hence, treatments to suppress GC cell growth may be applied together with surgery and chemotherapy to increase therapeutic outcome. Previous studies have shown the involvement of some microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) in the carcinogenesis of GC, whereas a role of miR-132 in regulating the growth of GC has not been reported. Here, we report that overexpression of miR-132 in GC cells decreased FoxO1 protein levels, whereas depletion of miR-132 increased FoxO1 protein levels, without altering FoxO1 transcripts. Bioinformatics analyses showed that miR-132 bound to 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of FoxO1 messenger RNA (mRNA) to prevent its translation, which was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, miR-132-mediated suppression of FoxO1 in GC cells resulted in a significant increase in GC cell growth in vitro and in vivo, while increases in FoxO1 by expression of antisense of miR-132 significantly decreased GC cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Finally, miR-132 levels were found significantly increased in GC specimens, compared to those in paired non-tumor gastric tissue. Together, our data suggest that miR-132 upregulation in GC cells may promote cell growth through suppression of FoxO1 translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 164 Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
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Yang C, Pan Y. Fluorouracil induces autophagy-related gastric carcinoma cell death through Beclin-1 upregulation by miR-30 suppression. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:15489-15494. [PMID: 26209295 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3775-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer effects of chemotherapy drugs are not completely understood. Here, we studied the effects of fluorouracil (5-FU) on gastric carcinoma (GC) cells. We found that 5-FU dose-dependently inhibited the growth of GC cells, in either a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay or a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Moreover, autophagy-associated protein 6 (ATG6) or Beclin-1 was dose-dependently activated by 5-FU in GC cells. Further, microRNA (miR)-30 was found to be regulated by 5-FU, and bioinformatics analysis showed that miR-30 targeted the 3'-UTR of Beclin-1 to inhibit its translation. Together, these data suggest that 5-FU may suppress miR-30 to upregulate Beclin-1 to induce autophagic cell death and cell proliferation arrest in GC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
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Marunaka Y. Roles of interstitial fluid pH in diabetes mellitus: Glycolysis and mitochondrial function. World J Diabetes 2015; 6:125-135. [PMID: 25685283 PMCID: PMC4317304 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i1.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The pH of body fluids is one the most important key factors regulating various cell function such as enzyme activity and protein-protein interaction via modification of its binding affinity. Therefore, to keep cell function normal, the pH of body fluids is maintained constant by various systems. Insulin resistance is one of the most important, serious factors making the body condition worse in diabetes mellitus. I have recently found that the pH of body (interstitial) fluids is lower in diabetes mellitus than that in non-diabetic control, and that the lowered pH is one of the causes producing insulin resistance. In this review article, I introduce importance of body (interstitial) fluid pH in regulation of body function, evidence on abnormal regulation of body fluid pH in diabetes mellitus, and relationship between the body fluid pH and insulin resistance. Further, this review proposes perspective therapies on the basis of regulation of body fluid pH including propolis (honeybee product) diet.
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A cyclohexadepsipeptide from entomogenous fungi Metarhizium anisopliae inhibits the Helicobacter pylori induced pathogenesis through attenuation of vacuolating cytotoxin-A activity. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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40
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Jing Y, Guo S, Zhang X, Sun A, Tao F, Ju H, Qian H. Effects of small interfering RNA interference of connexin 37 on subcutaneous gastric tumours in mice. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2955-60. [PMID: 25310476 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of small interfering (si)RNA interference of connexin 37 (Cx37) on subcutaneous gastric tumours in mice. Constructed lentiviruses carrying siRNA against Cx37 significantly knocked down Cx37 mRNA and protein expression in vitro. A total of 60 mice with gastric cancer were randomly divided into the Cx37 siRNA group, the mock‑siRNA group and the control group. Cx37 siRNA, mock‑siRNA and saline were separately injected (with the lentiviruses transfected into the gastric cancer cells). Following six weeks, the Cx37 mRNA expression, Cx37 protein expression and tumor apoptosis were detected using semiquantitative reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‑mediated dUTP nick end labelling, respectively. Six weeks following lentiviral transfection, the Cx37 mRNA levels in the Cx37 siRNA group, mock‑siRNA group and saline group decreased to 42, 63 and 67%, respectively (P<0.05). The mock‑siRNA group demonstrated no significant change in Cx37 levels compared with the control group. Western blot analysis revealed lower Cx37 protein levels in the Cx37‑RNAi group than in the other groups (0.21±0.07 vs. 0.65±0.06 vs. 0.54±0.07), and that the apoptotic index of the Cx37‑RNAi group was higher than those of the mock‑siRNA and control groups (19.7±5.1 vs. 9.8±6.4 vs. 10.5±7.2%, 11.1±6.9; P<0.05). In conclusion, it was demonstrated that Cx37 siRNA is correlated with gastric cancer. Interference of Cx37 effectively reduces Cx37 mRNA and protein expression and promotes tumour apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Jing
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Suxia Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University in Wuxi and People's Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Aijing Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Haixing Ju
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Tumor Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Haixin Qian
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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Regulation of autophagy by amino acids and MTOR-dependent signal transduction. Amino Acids 2014; 47:2037-63. [PMID: 24880909 PMCID: PMC4580722 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1765-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids not only participate in intermediary metabolism but also stimulate insulin-mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR)-mediated signal transduction which controls the major metabolic pathways. Among these is the pathway of autophagy which takes care of the degradation of long-lived proteins and of the elimination of damaged or functionally redundant organelles. Proper functioning of this process is essential for cell survival. Dysregulation of autophagy has been implicated in the etiology of several pathologies. The history of the studies on the interrelationship between amino acids, MTOR signaling and autophagy is the subject of this review. The mechanisms responsible for the stimulation of MTOR-mediated signaling, and the inhibition of autophagy, by amino acids have been studied intensively in the past but are still not completely clarified. Recent developments in this field are discussed.
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Marunaka Y. Characteristics and Pharmacological Regulation of Epithelial Na+ Channel (ENaC) and Epithelial Na+ Transport. J Pharmacol Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.14r01sr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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