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Madrigal M, Fernández PL, Lleonart R, Carreño L, Villalobos Gorday KA, Rodríguez E, de Cupeiro K, Restrepo CM, Rao KSJ, Riordan NH. Comparison of Cost and Potency of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Conditioned Medium Derived from 2- and 3-Dimensional Cultures. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:930. [PMID: 37627815 PMCID: PMC10451979 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived products, such as trophic factors (MTFs), have anti-inflammatory properties that make them attractive for cell-free treatment. Three-dimensional (3D) culture can enhance these properties, and large-scale expansion using a bioreactor can reduce manufacturing costs. Three lots of MTFs were obtained from umbilical cord MSCs produced by either monolayer culture (Monol MTF) or using a 3D microcarrier in a spinner flask dynamic system (Bioreactor MTF). The resulting MTFs were tested and compared using anti-inflammatory potency assays in two different systems: (1) a phytohemagglutinin-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMNC) system and (2) a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophage system. Cytokine expression by macrophages was measured via RT-PCR. The production costs of hypothetical units of anti-inflammatory effects were calculated using the percentage of TNF-α inhibition by MTF exposure. Bioreactor MTFs had a higher inhibitory effect on TNF (p < 0.01) than monolayer MTFs (p < 0.05). The anti-inflammatory effect of Bioreactor MTFs on IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, and MIP-1 was significantly higher than that of monolayer MTFs. The production cost of 1% inhibition of TNF-α was 11-40% higher using monolayer culture compared to bioreactor-derived MTFs. A 3D dynamic culture was, therefore, able to produce high-quality MTFs, with robust anti-inflammatory properties, more efficiently than monolayer static systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialaura Madrigal
- MediStem Panama Inc., Panama City 7144, Panama
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur 522510, India
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City 7144, Panama
| | - Patricia L. Fernández
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City 7144, Panama
| | - Ricardo Lleonart
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City 7144, Panama
| | | | | | | | | | - Carlos M. Restrepo
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City 7144, Panama
| | - K. S. Jagannatha Rao
- Department of Biotechnology, Konenru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF) deemed to be University, Vaddeswaram 522302, India
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Ahn SY, Sung DK, Chang YS, Sung SI, Kim YE, Kim HJ, Lee SM, Park WS. BDNF-Overexpressing Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhances Their Therapeutic Efficacy against Severe Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111395. [PMID: 34768827 PMCID: PMC8583727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether irradiated brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF)-overexpressing engineered human mesenchymal stem cells (BDNF-eMSCs) improve paracrine efficiency and, thus, the beneficial potency of naïve MSCs against severe hypoxic ischemic (HI) brain injury in newborn rats. Irradiated BDNF-eMSCs hyper-secreted BDNF > 10 fold and were >5 fold more effective than naïve MSCs in attenuating the oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced increase in cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and cell death in vitro. Only the irradiated BDNF-eMSCs, but not naïve MSCs, showed significant attenuating effects on severe neonatal HI-induced short-term brain injury scores, long-term progress of brain infarct, increased apoptotic cell death, astrogliosis and inflammatory responses, and impaired negative geotaxis and rotarod tests in vivo. Our data, showing better paracrine potency and the resultant better therapeutic efficacy of the irradiated BDNF-eMSCs, compared to naïve MSCs, suggest that MSCs transfected with the BDNF gene might represent a better, new therapeutic strategy against severe neonatal HI brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yoon Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (S.Y.A.); (D.K.S.); (Y.S.C.); (S.I.S.)
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Dong Kyung Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (S.Y.A.); (D.K.S.); (Y.S.C.); (S.I.S.)
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Yun Sil Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (S.Y.A.); (D.K.S.); (Y.S.C.); (S.I.S.)
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Se In Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (S.Y.A.); (D.K.S.); (Y.S.C.); (S.I.S.)
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Young Eun Kim
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Hyo-Jin Kim
- SL BiGen, Inc., SL BIGEN Research Hall, 85, Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Soon Min Lee
- SL BiGen, Inc., SL BIGEN Research Hall, 85, Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Won Soon Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (S.Y.A.); (D.K.S.); (Y.S.C.); (S.I.S.)
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3410-3523
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Sittipo P, Pham HQ, Park CE, Kang GU, Zhi Y, Ji HJ, Jang A, Seo HS, Shin JH, Lee YK. Irradiation-Induced Intestinal Damage Is Recovered by the Indigenous Gut Bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:415. [PMID: 32974214 PMCID: PMC7461978 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal tract is one of the most sensitive organs following irradiation. The protective effect of specific indigenous microbiota on irradiation-induced damage to intestinal epithelial cells has not been reported. Mice were irradiated with a single dose of 6 Gy of gamma rays. The intestinal damage was analyzed by histopathology. Intestinal stemness and differentiation were determined by intestinal organoid culture. Microbiota community was observed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing and oligotyping analysis. We showed that distal small intestine was damaged by sublethal dose of gamma irradiation. Intestinal organoids derived from the irradiated mice showed defects in budding and mucin expression, suggesting the detrimental effect of irradiation on the intestinal stemness and differentiation. In addition, irradiation reduced intestinal immunoglobulin A level, concomitant with decreased microbiota diversity based on our high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing data. Especially, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was reduced at early time point post-irradiation; however, it was recovered at late time point. Oligotyping analysis within the Lactobacillus genus indicated that Lactobacillus-related oligotype 1 (OT1) including Lactobacillus acidophilus might drive recovery after irradiation as it was associated with increased long-term numbers post-exposure. We showed that treatment with heat-killed L. acidophilus rescued the budding-impaired organoids and induced sufficient differentiation in epithelial cells, and particularly mucin-producing cells, in intestinal organoids. This study provides the first evidence that the indigenous gut bacteria L. acidophilus enhance intestinal epithelial function with respect to irradiation-induced intestinal damage by improving intestinal stem cell function and cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panida Sittipo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Huy Quang Pham
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chang Eon Park
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Gi-Ung Kang
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yong Zhi
- Radiation Biotechnology Research Division, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Ji
- Radiation Biotechnology Research Division, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Ayeung Jang
- Radiation Biotechnology Research Division, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- Radiation Biotechnology Research Division, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
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Abstract
Human bone marrow (BM) derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have high capacity to propagate ex vivo with superior reparative, immunosuppressive, and anti-inflammatory properties. Here we describe standardized protocols and culture conditions that enable the isolation, expansion and maintenance of a highly purified and homogenous population of human MSC. These third party-derived off-the-shelf MSC from healthy human bone marrow donors can potently inhibit mitogenically or allogeneically activated human T cells in proliferation assays. The standard operating procedures described in this chapter can be applied to researchers aiming to enhance MSC immunosuppressive properties and defining MSC mechanisms of action. Importantly, these assays can be incorporated into clinical protocols where the safety and efficacy of human BM MSC can be verified in diseases that are modulated by T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisha N Sivanathan
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Patrick T Coates
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal Transplantation Service, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Moussa L, Usunier B, Demarquay C, Benderitter M, Tamarat R, Sémont A, Mathieu N. Bowel Radiation Injury: Complexity of the Pathophysiology and Promises of Cell and Tissue Engineering. Cell Transplant 2018; 25:1723-1746. [PMID: 27197023 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x691664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is effective to treat malignant pelvic cancers, but the toxicity to surrounding healthy tissue remains a substantial limitation. Early and late side effects not only limit the escalation of the radiation dose to the tumor but may also be life-threatening in some patients. Numerous preclinical studies determined specific mechanisms induced after irradiation in different compartments of the intestine. This review outlines the complexity of the pathogenesis, highlighting the roles of the epithelial barrier in the vascular network, and the inflammatory microenvironment, which together lead to chronic fibrosis. Despite the large number of pharmacological molecules available, the studies presented in this review provide encouraging proof of concept regarding the use of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy to treat radiation-induced intestinal damage. The therapeutic efficacy of MSCs has been demonstrated in animal models and in patients, but an enormous number of cells and multiple injections are needed due to their poor engraftment capacity. Moreover, it has been observed that although MSCs have pleiotropic effects, some intestinal compartments are less restored after a high dose of irradiation. Future research should seek to optimize the efficacy of the injected cells, particularly with regard to extending their life span in the irradiated tissue. Moreover, improving the host microenvironment, combining MSCs with other specific regenerative cells, or introducing new tissue engineering strategies could be tested as methods to treat the severe side effects of pelvic radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Moussa
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM/SRBE/LR2I, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Benoît Usunier
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM/SRBE/LR2I, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Christelle Demarquay
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM/SRBE/LR2I, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marc Benderitter
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM/SRBE/LR2I, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Radia Tamarat
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM/SRBE/LR2I, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Alexandra Sémont
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM/SRBE/LR2I, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Noëlle Mathieu
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM/SRBE/LR2I, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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de Wolf C, van de Bovenkamp M, Hoefnagel M. Regulatory perspective on in vitro potency assays for human mesenchymal stromal cells used in immunotherapy. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:784-797. [PMID: 28457740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells derived from various tissues that can differentiate into several cell types. MSCs are able to modulate the response of immune cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. Because of these multimodal properties, the potential use of MSCs for immunotherapies is currently explored in various clinical indications. Due to the diversity of potential MSC medicinal products at the level of cell source, manufacturing process and indication, distinct functionality tests may be needed to ensure the quality for each of the different products. In this review, we focus on in vitro potency assays proposed for characterization and release of different MSC medicinal products. We discuss the most used functional assays, as presented in scientific advices and literature, highlighting specific advantages and limitations of the various assays. Currently, the most proposed and accepted potency assay for release is based on in vitro inhibition of T cell proliferation or other functionalities. However, for some products, assays based on other MSC or responder cell properties may be more appropriate. In all cases, the biological relevance of the proposed assay for the intended clinical activity should be substantiated with appropriate product-specific (non-)clinical data. In case practical considerations prevent the use of the ideal potency assay at release, use of a surrogate marker or test could be considered if correlation with functionality has been demonstrated. Nevertheless, as the field of MSC immunology is evolving, improvements can be expected in relevant assays and consequently in guidance related to potency testing.
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Hassan S, Simaria AS, Varadaraju H, Gupta S, Warren K, Farid SS. Allogeneic cell therapy bioprocess economics and optimization: downstream processing decisions. Regen Med 2016; 10:591-609. [PMID: 26237703 DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To develop a decisional tool to identify the most cost effective process flowsheets for allogeneic cell therapies across a range of production scales. MATERIALS & METHODS A bioprocess economics and optimization tool was built to assess competing cell expansion and downstream processing (DSP) technologies. RESULTS Tangential flow filtration was generally more cost-effective for the lower cells/lot achieved in planar technologies and fluidized bed centrifugation became the only feasible option for handling large bioreactor outputs. DSP bottlenecks were observed at large commercial lot sizes requiring multiple large bioreactors. The DSP contribution to the cost of goods/dose ranged between 20-55%, and 50-80% for planar and bioreactor flowsheets, respectively. CONCLUSION This analysis can facilitate early decision-making during process development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Hassan
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Ana S Simaria
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Hemanthram Varadaraju
- Development Services, Cell Therapy, Lonza Walkersville, Inc., 8830 Biggs Ford Road, US - 21793-0127 Walkersville, MD, USA.,Modern Meadow, 140 58 Street Building A, Suite 8J Brooklyn, NY 11220, USA
| | - Siddharth Gupta
- Development Services, Cell Therapy, Lonza Walkersville, Inc., 8830 Biggs Ford Road, US - 21793-0127 Walkersville, MD, USA
| | - Kim Warren
- Development Services, Cell Therapy, Lonza Walkersville, Inc., 8830 Biggs Ford Road, US - 21793-0127 Walkersville, MD, USA
| | - Suzanne S Farid
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, UK
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Mesenchymal stem cells: Immunomodulatory capability and clinical potential in immune diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocit.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Influence of carrier cells on the clinical outcome of children with neuroblastoma treated with high dose of oncolytic adenovirus delivered in mesenchymal stem cells. Cancer Lett 2016; 371:161-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Dezutter-Dambuyant C, Durand I, Alberti L, Bendriss-Vermare N, Valladeau-Guilemond J, Duc A, Magron A, Morel AP, Sisirak V, Rodriguez C, Cox D, Olive D, Caux C. A novel regulation of PD-1 ligands on mesenchymal stromal cells through MMP-mediated proteolytic cleavage. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1091146. [PMID: 27141350 PMCID: PMC4839348 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1091146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether fibroblasts regulate immune response is a crucial issue in the modulation of inflammatory responses. Herein, we demonstrate that foreskin fibroblasts (FFs) potently inhibit CD3+ T cell proliferation through a mechanism involving early apoptosis of activated T cells. Using blocking antibodies, we demonstrate that the inhibition of T cell proliferation occurs through cell-to-cell interactions implicating PD-1 receptor expressed on T cells and its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, on fibroblasts. Dual PD-1 ligand neutralization is required to abrogate (i) binding of the PD-1-Fc fusion protein, (ii) early apoptosis of T cells, and (iii) inhibition of T cell proliferation. Of utmost importance, we provide the first evidence that PD-1 ligand expression is regulated through proteolytic cleavage by endogenous matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) without transcriptional alteration during culture-time. Using (i) different purified enzymatic activities, (ii) MMP-specific inhibitors, and (iii) recombinant human MMP-9 and MMP-13, we demonstrated that in contrast to CD80/CD86, PD-L1 was selectively cleaved by MMP-13, while PD-L2 was sensitive to broader MMP activities. Their cleavage by exogenous MMP-9 and MMP-13 with loss of PD-1 binding domain resulted in the reversion of apoptotic signals on mitogen-activated CD3+ T cells. We suggest that MMP-dependent cleavage of PD-1 ligands on fibroblasts may limit their immunosuppressive capacity and thus contribute to the exacerbation of inflammation in tissues. In contrast, carcinoma-associated fibroblasts appear PD-1 ligand-depleted through MMP activity that may impair physical deletion of exhausted defective memory T cells through apoptosis and facilitate their regulatory functions. These observations should be considered when using the powerful PD-1/PD-L1 blocking immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette Dezutter-Dambuyant
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, ISPB, Lyon, France; INSERM U1052, Center de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR5286, Center de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Durand
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, ISPB, Lyon, France; INSERM U1052, Center de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR5286, Center de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Alberti
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, ISPB, Lyon, France; INSERM U1052, Center de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR5286, Center de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Bendriss-Vermare
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, ISPB, Lyon, France; INSERM U1052, Center de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR5286, Center de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jenny Valladeau-Guilemond
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, ISPB, Lyon, France; INSERM U1052, Center de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR5286, Center de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Adeline Duc
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, ISPB, Lyon, France; INSERM U1052, Center de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR5286, Center de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Audrey Magron
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, ISPB, Lyon, France; INSERM U1052, Center de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR5286, Center de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Pierre Morel
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, ISPB, Lyon, France; INSERM U1052, Center de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR5286, Center de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Vanja Sisirak
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, ISPB, Lyon, France; INSERM U1052, Center de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR5286, Center de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Céline Rodriguez
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, ISPB, Lyon, France; INSERM U1052, Center de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR5286, Center de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - David Cox
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, ISPB, Lyon, France; INSERM U1052, Center de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR5286, Center de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France, Inserm U1068, Center de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Immunity & Cancer Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Aix-Marseille Université UM 105, CNRS UMR 7258, IBiSA Cancer Immunomonitoring Platform, Marseilles, France
| | - Christophe Caux
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, ISPB, Lyon, France; INSERM U1052, Center de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France; CNRS UMR5286, Center de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Gouveia de Andrade AV, Bertolino G, Riewaldt J, Bieback K, Karbanová J, Odendahl M, Bornhäuser M, Schmitz M, Corbeil D, Tonn T. Extracellular vesicles secreted by bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells fail to suppress lymphocyte proliferation. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1374-6. [PMID: 25779336 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have been suggested as an alternative to MSCs for the treatment of various inflammatory disorders. However, while a first case report observed beneficial therapeutic effects of repeated MSC-EV infusions in a patient with therapy-refractory graft-versus-host disease, in vitro findings revealed that MSC-EVs were significantly less immunosuppressive than their parental cells. In this study, we compared the immunosuppressive potency of MSCs derived from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue (AT-MSCs), with their secreted EVs in a standardized lymphocyte proliferation assay (LPA). Both BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs exhibited a remarkable inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation (LP) (88.1%±1.5% and 75.5%±1.5%, respectively), while isolated EVs derived from them failed to suppress LP at dose levels up to 100 μg/mL. Thus, our data further substantiate previous reports suggesting that cell-cell contact plays an important role on the immunosuppressive potential mediated by MSCs. Hence, MSC-EVs are still a matter of debate and might not be a reasonable substitute for MSCs with regard to the immunosuppressive function. Collectively, these contrasting findings may also reflect the importance of relevant translational aspects when designing new studies. Standardization of MSC culture conditions before EV collection as well as isolation and characterization methods with regard to EV purity are urged. Moreover, before clinical use, dose-finding studies evaluating MSC-EV preparations in suitable preclinical models are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Valéria Gouveia de Andrade
- 1Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,2Institute for Transfusion Medicine, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East, Dresden, Germany.,3Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Giuliana Bertolino
- 1Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,2Institute for Transfusion Medicine, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East, Dresden, Germany.,3Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Riewaldt
- 1Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,2Institute for Transfusion Medicine, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karen Bieback
- 4Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jana Karbanová
- 5Tissue Engineering Laboratories (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcus Odendahl
- 1Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,2Institute for Transfusion Medicine, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- 3Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,6Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Schmitz
- 3Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,7Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denis Corbeil
- 3Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,5Tissue Engineering Laboratories (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Torsten Tonn
- 1Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,2Institute for Transfusion Medicine, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East, Dresden, Germany.,3Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Immunosuppressive capabilities of mesenchymal stromal cells are maintained under hypoxic growth conditions and after gamma irradiation. Cytotherapy 2014; 17:152-62. [PMID: 25453724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS The discovery of regenerative and immunosuppressive capacities of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) raises hope for patients with tissue-damaging or severe, treatment-refractory autoimmune disorders. We previously presented a method to expand human MSCs in a bioreactor under standardized Good Manufacturing Practice conditions. Now we characterized the impact of critical treatment conditions on MSCs with respect to immunosuppressive capabilities and proliferation. METHODS MSC proliferation and survival after γ irradiation were determined by 5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate N-succinimidyl ester and annexinV/4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, respectively. T-cell proliferation assays were used to assess the effect of γ irradiation, passaging, cryopreservation, post-thaw equilibration time and hypoxia on T-cell suppressive capacities of MSCs. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and β-galactosidase staining served as tools to investigate differences between immunosuppressive and non-immunosuppressive MSCs. RESULTS γ irradiation of MSCs abrogated their proliferation while vitality and T-cell inhibitory capacity were preserved. Passaging and long cryopreservation time decreased the T-cell suppressive function of MSCs, and postthaw equilibration time of 5 days restored this capability. Hypoxic culture markedly increased MSC proliferation without affecting their T-cell-suppressive capacity and phenotype. Furthermore, T-cell suppressive MSCs showed higher CXCL12 expression and less β-galactosidase staining than non-suppressive MSCs. DISCUSSION We demonstrate that γ irradiation is an effective strategy to abrogate MSC proliferation without impairing the cells' immunosuppressive function. Hypoxia significantly enhanced MSC expansion, allowing for transplantation of MSCs with low passage number. In summary, our optimized MSC expansion protocol successfully addressed the issues of safety and preservation of immunosuppressive MSC function after ex vivo expansion for therapeutic purposes.
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