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Liu X, Huang R, Wan J, Niu T. LncRNA MIR4697HG Alleviates Endothelial Cell Injury and Atherosclerosis Progression in Mice via the FUS/ANXA5 Axis. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:3155-3173. [PMID: 38082058 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10542-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) manifests with arterial intimal injury, lipid deposition and chronic inflammation, which is a key pathogenic cause of cardio-cerebrovascular disorders. LncRNA MIR4697HG was downregulated in human advanced atherosclerotic plaques. This study probed the precise biological functions and downstream regulatory mechanisms of MIR4697HG during AS progression. MIR4697HG levels in atherosclerotic plaque tissues and normal arterial intima were measured by RT-qPCR. An injury model of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was induced through treating with oxidative low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). MIR4697HG overexpression plasmids (pcDNA-MIR4697HG) was transfected into ox-LDL-treated HUVECs, and then cell viability, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, oxidative stress marker protein malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and adhesion molecule intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) levels in HUVECs were determined. Moreover, the binding between MIR4697HG and fused in sarcoma (FUS) was checked with RNA pull-down assay. The interaction between FUS and annexin A5 (ANXA5) was gauged with Co-immunoprecipitation. Then MIR4697HG/FUS/ANXA5 axis mediated HUVEC functions were accessed with rescue experiments. Additionally, an AS model was established via feeding a high-fat diet for ApoE-/- mice, and lentivirus MIR4697HG overexpression vector (Lv-MIR4697HG) was injected into AS mice followed by detection of atherosclerotic plaque area in mice. MIR4697HG was downregulated in atherosclerotic plaque tissues and HUVECs stimulated by ox-LDL. MIR4697HG overexpression attenuated ox-LDL-induced HUVEC viability inhibition, apoptosis, oxidative stress and adhesion molecule release. Moreover, MIR4697HG bound with FUS and facilitated FUS expression in HUVECs. FUS knockdown abrogated the functions of lncRNA MIR4697HG overexpression in ox-LDL induced HUVEC injury. Besides, FUS could bind with ANXA5. FUS overexpression inhibited ox-LDL induced HUVEC injury, while ANXA5 knockdown reversed these effects. Additionally, Lv-MIR4697HG reduced atherosclerotic plaque area in ApoE-/- mice. LncRNA MIR4697HG mitigated ox-LDL-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress and adhesion molecule release in HUVECs and alleviated AS progression in mice through the FUS/ANXA5 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, He-Ping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiye Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, He-Ping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Tiesheng Niu
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, He-Ping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
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2
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Kajimura Y, Tessari A, Orlacchio A, Thoms A, Cufaro MC, Marco FD, Amari F, Chen M, Soliman SHA, Rizzotto L, Zhang L, Amann J, Carbone DP, Ahmed A, Fiermonte G, Freitas M, Lodi A, Boccio PD, Palmieri D, Coppola V. An in vivo "turning model" reveals new RanBP9 interactions in lung macrophages. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.22.595416. [PMID: 38826292 PMCID: PMC11142189 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.22.595416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The biological functions of the scaffold protein Ran Binding Protein 9 (RanBP9) remain elusive in macrophages or any other cell type where this protein is expressed together with its CTLH (C-terminal to LisH) complex partners. We have engineered a new mouse model, named RanBP9-TurnX, where RanBP9 fused to three copies of the HA tag (RanBP9-3xHA) can be turned into RanBP9-V5 tagged upon Cre-mediated recombination. We created this model to enable stringent biochemical studies at cell type specific level throughout the entire organism. Here, we have used this tool crossed with LysM-Cre transgenic mice to identify RanBP9 interactions in lung macrophages. We show that RanBP9-V5 and RanBP9-3xHA can be both co-immunoprecipitated with the known members of the CTLH complex from the same whole lung lysates. However, more than ninety percent of the proteins pulled down by RanBP9-V5 differ from those pulled-down by RanBP9-HA. The lung RanBP9-V5 associated proteome includes previously unknown interactions with macrophage-specific proteins as well as with players of the innate immune response, DNA damage response, metabolism, and mitochondrial function. This work provides the first lung specific RanBP9-associated interactome in physiological conditions and reveals that RanBP9 and the CTLH complex could be key regulators of macrophage bioenergetics and immune functions.
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3
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Jing J. The Relevance, Predictability, and Utility of Annexin A5 for Human Physiopathology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2865. [PMID: 38474114 PMCID: PMC10932194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
As an important functional protein molecule in the human body, human annexin A5 (hAnxA5) is widely found in human cells and body fluids. hAnxA5, the smallest type of annexin, performs a variety of biological functions by reversibly and specifically binding phosphatidylserine (PS) in a calcium-dependent manner and plays an important role in many human physiological and pathological processes. The free state hAnxA5 exists in the form of monomers and usually forms a polymer in a specific self-assembly manner when exerting biological activity. This review systematically discusses the current knowledge and understanding of hAnxA5 from three perspectives: physiopathological relevance, diagnostic value, and therapeutic utility. hAnxA5 affects the occurrence and development of many physiopathological processes. Moreover, hAnxA5 can be used independently or in combination as a biomarker of physiopathological phenomena for the diagnosis of certain diseases. Importantly, based on the properties of hAnxA5, many novel drug candidates have been designed and prepared for application in actual medical practice. However, there are also some gaps and shortcomings in hAnxA5 research. This in-depth study will not only expand the understanding of structural and functional relationships but also promote the application of hAnxA5 in the field of biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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4
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Gerke V, Gavins FNE, Geisow M, Grewal T, Jaiswal JK, Nylandsted J, Rescher U. Annexins-a family of proteins with distinctive tastes for cell signaling and membrane dynamics. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1574. [PMID: 38383560 PMCID: PMC10882027 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Annexins are cytosolic proteins with conserved three-dimensional structures that bind acidic phospholipids in cellular membranes at elevated Ca2+ levels. Through this they act as Ca2+-regulated membrane binding modules that organize membrane lipids, facilitating cellular membrane transport but also displaying extracellular activities. Recent discoveries highlight annexins as sensors and regulators of cellular and organismal stress, controlling inflammatory reactions in mammals, environmental stress in plants, and cellular responses to plasma membrane rupture. Here, we describe the role of annexins as Ca2+-regulated membrane binding modules that sense and respond to cellular stress and share our view on future research directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Strasse 56, Münster, Germany.
| | - Felicity N E Gavins
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Inflammation Research and Translational Medicine (CIRTM), Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Michael Geisow
- The National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, UK
- Delta Biotechnology Ltd, Nottingham, UK
| | - Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jyoti K Jaiswal
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Research and Innovation Campus, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jesper Nylandsted
- Danish Cancer Institute, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 21-25, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ursula Rescher
- Research Group Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Virology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Strasse 56, Münster, Germany.
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Wang Y, Wang R, Zhu J, Chen L. Identification of mitophagy and ferroptosis-related hub genes associated with intracerebral haemorrhage through bioinformatics analysis. Ann Hum Biol 2024; 51:2334719. [PMID: 38863372 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2024.2334719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitophagy and ferroptosis occur in intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) but our understanding of mitophagy and ferroptosis-related genes remains incomplete. AIM This study aims to identify shared ICH genes for both processes. METHODS ICH differentially expressed mitophagy and ferroptosis-related genes (DEMFRGs) were sourced from the GEO database and literature. Enrichment analysis elucidated functions. Hub genes were selected via STRING, MCODE, and MCC algorithms in Cytoscape. miRNAs targeting hubs were predicted using miRWalk 3.0, forming a miRNA-hub gene network. Immune microenvironment variances were assessed with MCP and TIMER. Potential small molecules for ICH were forecasted via CMap database. RESULTS 64 DEMFRGs and ten hub genes potentially involved in various processes like ferroptosis, TNF signalling pathway, MAPK signalling pathway, and NF-kappa B signalling pathway were discovered. Several miRNAs were identified as shared targets of hub genes. The ICH group showed increased infiltration of monocytic lineage and myeloid dendritic cells compared to the Healthy group. Ten potential small molecule drugs (e.g. Zebularine, TWS-119, CG-930) were predicted via CMap. CONCLUSION Several shared genes between mitophagy and ferroptosis potentially drive ICH progression via TNF, MAPK, and NF-kappa B pathways. These results offer valuable insights for further exploring the connection between mitophagy, ferroptosis, and ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Cangzhou Medical College, Cangzhou, China
| | - Rufeng Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Cangzhou Medical College, Cangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Cangzhou Medical College, Cangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Gynaecology, People's Hospital Affiliated to Cangzhou Medical College, Cangzhou, China
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Webster KA. Translational Relevance of Advanced Age and Atherosclerosis in Preclinical Trials of Biotherapies for Peripheral Artery Disease. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:135. [PMID: 38275616 PMCID: PMC10815340 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Approximately 6% of adults worldwide suffer from peripheral artery disease (PAD), primarily caused by atherosclerosis of lower limb arteries. Despite optimal medical care and revascularization, many PAD patients remain symptomatic and progress to critical limb ischemia (CLI) and risk major amputation. Delivery of pro-angiogenic factors as proteins or DNA, stem, or progenitor cells confers vascular regeneration and functional recovery in animal models of CLI, but the effects are not well replicated in patients and no pro-angiogenic biopharmacological procedures are approved in the US, EU, or China. The reasons are unclear, but animal models that do not represent clinical PAD/CLI are implicated. Consequently, it is unclear whether the obstacles to clinical success lie in the toxic biochemical milieu of human CLI, or in procedures that were optimized on inappropriate models. The question is significant because the former case requires abandonment of current strategies, while the latter encourages continued optimization. These issues are discussed in the context of relevant preclinical and clinical data, and it is concluded that preclinical mouse models that include age and atherosclerosis as the only comorbidities that are consistently present and active in clinical trial patients are necessary to predict clinical success. Of the reviewed materials, no biopharmacological procedure that failed in clinical trials had been tested in animal models that included advanced age and atherosclerosis relevant to PAD/CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A. Webster
- Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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7
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Parent S, Vaka R, Risha Y, Ngo C, Kanda P, Nattel S, Khan S, Courtman D, Stewart DJ, Davis DR. Prevention of atrial fibrillation after open-chest surgery with extracellular vesicle therapy. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e163297. [PMID: 37384420 PMCID: PMC10481795 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.163297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost half of patients recovering from open-chest surgery experience atrial fibrillation (AF) that results principally from inflammation in the pericardial space surrounding the heart. Given that postoperative AF is associated with increased mortality, effective measures to prevent AF after open-chest surgery are highly desirable. In this study, we tested the concept that extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from human atrial explant-derived cells can prevent postoperative AF. Middle-aged female and male rats were randomized to undergo sham operation or induction of sterile pericarditis followed by trans-epicardial injection of human EVs or vehicle into the atrial tissue. Pericarditis increased the probability of inducing AF while EV treatment abrogated this effect in a sex-independent manner. EV treatment reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Atrial fibrosis and hypertrophy seen after pericarditis were markedly attenuated by EV pretreatment, an effect attributable to suppression of fibroblast proliferation by EVs. Our study demonstrates that injection of EVs at the time of open-chest surgery shows prominent antiinflammatory effects and prevents AF due to sterile pericarditis. Translation of this finding to patients might provide an effective new strategy to prevent postoperative AF by reducing atrial inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Parent
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ramana Vaka
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Yousef Risha
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Clarissa Ngo
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Pushpinder Kanda
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Research Center and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Saad Khan
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Courtman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Duncan J. Stewart
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darryl R. Davis
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Yu Y, Zhou M, Long X, Yin S, Hu G, Yang X, Jian W, Yu R. Study on the mechanism of action of colchicine in the treatment of coronary artery disease based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1147360. [PMID: 37405052 PMCID: PMC10315633 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1147360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This is the first study to explore the mechanism of colchicine in treating coronary artery disease using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology, aiming to predict the key targets and main approaches of colchicine in treating coronary artery disease. It is expected to provide new ideas for research on disease mechanism and drug development. Methods: Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), Swiss Target Prediction and PharmMapper databases were used to obtain drug targets. GeneCards, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), DrugBank and DisGeNET databases were utilized to gain disease targets. The intersection of the two was taken to access the intersection targets of colchicine for the treatment of coronary artery disease. The Sting database was employed to analyze the protein-protein interaction network. Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis was performed using Webgestalt database. Reactom database was applied for Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Molecular docking was simulated using AutoDock 4.2.6 and PyMOL2.4 software. Results: A total of 70 intersecting targets of colchicine for the treatment of coronary artery disease were obtained, and there were interactions among 50 targets. GO functional enrichment analysis yielded 13 biological processes, 18 cellular components and 16 molecular functions. 549 signaling pathways were obtained by KEGG enrichment analysis. The molecular docking results of key targets were generally good. Conclusion: Colchicine may treat coronary artery disease through targets such as Cytochrome c (CYCS), Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). The mechanism of action may be related to the cellular response to chemical stimulus and p75NTR-mediated negative regulation of cell cycle by SC1, which is valuable for further research exploration. However, this research still needs to be verified by experiments. Future research will explore new drugs for treating coronary artery disease from these targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Yu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Manli Zhou
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Long
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Yin
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weixiong Jian
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Diagnostics in Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Snelleksz M, Rossell SL, Gibbons A, Nithianantharajah J, Dean B. Evidence that the frontal pole has a significant role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114850. [PMID: 36174274 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Different regions of the cortex have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Recently published data suggested there are many more changes in gene expression in the frontal pole (Brodmann's Area (BA) 10) compared to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA 9) and the anterior cingulate cortex (BA 33) from patients with schizophrenia. These data argued that the frontal pole is significantly affected by the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The frontal pole is a region necessary for higher cognitive functions and is highly interconnected with many other brain regions. In this review we summarise the growing body of evidence to support the hypothesis that a dysfunctional frontal pole, due at least in part to its widespread effects on brain function, is making an important contribution to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. We detail the many structural, cellular and molecular abnormalities in the frontal pole from people with schizophrenia and present findings that argue the symptoms of schizophrenia are closely linked to dysfunction in this critical brain region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Snelleksz
- Synaptic Biology and Cognition Laboratory, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan L Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Gibbons
- The Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jess Nithianantharajah
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian Dean
- Synaptic Biology and Cognition Laboratory, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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10
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Méndez-Barbero N, San Sebastian-Jaraba I, Blázquez-Serra R, Martín-Ventura JL, Blanco-Colio LM. Annexins and cardiovascular diseases: Beyond membrane trafficking and repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1000760. [PMID: 36313572 PMCID: PMC9614170 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1000760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The main cause underlying CVD is associated with the pathological remodeling of the vascular wall, involving several cell types, including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and leukocytes. Vascular remodeling is often related with the development of atherosclerotic plaques leading to narrowing of the arteries and reduced blood flow. Atherosclerosis is known to be triggered by high blood cholesterol levels, which in the presence of a dysfunctional endothelium, results in the retention of lipoproteins in the artery wall, leading to an immune-inflammatory response. Continued hypercholesterolemia and inflammation aggravate the progression of atherosclerotic plaque over time, which is often complicated by thrombus development, leading to the possibility of CV events such as myocardial infarction or stroke. Annexins are a family of proteins with high structural homology that bind phospholipids in a calcium-dependent manner. These proteins are involved in several biological functions, from cell structural organization to growth regulation and vesicle trafficking. In vitro gain- or loss-of-function experiments have demonstrated the implication of annexins with a wide variety of cellular processes independent of calcium signaling such as immune-inflammatory response, cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, and membrane repair. In the last years, the use of mice deficient for different annexins has provided insight into additional functions of these proteins in vivo, and their involvement in different pathologies. This review will focus in the role of annexins in CVD, highlighting the mechanisms involved and the potential therapeutic effects of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Méndez-Barbero
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Blázquez-Serra
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L. Martín-Ventura
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
- Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M. Blanco-Colio
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Luis M. Blanco-Colio,
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11
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Li YZ, Wang YY, Huang L, Zhao YY, Chen LH, Zhang C. Annexin A Protein Family in Atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 531:406-417. [PMID: 35562096 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a silent chronic vascular pathology, is the cause of the majority of cardiovascular ischaemic events. Atherosclerosis is characterized by a series of deleterious changes in cellularity, including endothelial dysfunction, transmigration of circulating inflammatory cells into the arterial wall, pro-inflammatory cytokines production, lipid accumulation in the intima, vascular local inflammatory response, atherosclerosis-related cells apoptosis and autophagy. Proteins of Annexin A (AnxA) family, the well-known Ca2+ phospholipid-binding protein, have many functions in regulating inflammation-related enzymes and cell signaling transduction, thus influencing cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. There is now accumulating evidence that some members of the AnxA family, such as AnxA1, AnxA2, AnxA5 and AnxA7, play major roles in the development of atherosclerosis. This article discusses the major roles of AnxA1, AnxA2, AnxA5 and AnxA7, and the multifaceted mechanisms of the main biological process in which they are involved in atherosclerosis. Considering these evidences, it has been proposed that AnxA are drivers- and not merely participator- on the road to atherosclerosis, thus the progression of atherosclerosis may be prevented by targeting the expression or function of the AnxA family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Zhen Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yue Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Huang
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Yan Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Hui Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China.
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Long-circulating XTEN864-annexin A5 fusion protein for phosphatidylserine-related therapeutic applications. Apoptosis 2021; 26:534-547. [PMID: 34405304 PMCID: PMC8370750 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-021-01686-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Annexin A5 (anxA5) is a marker for apoptosis, but has also therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and, due to apoptotic mimicry, against dangerous viruses, which is limited by the short blood circulation. An 864-amino-acid XTEN polypeptide was fused to anxA5. XTEN864-anxA5 was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using XTEN as tag. XTEN864-anxA5 was coupled with DTPA and indium-111. After intravenous or subcutaneous injection of 111In-XTEN864-anxA5, mouse blood samples were collected for blood half-life determination and organ samples for biodistribution using a gamma counter. XTEN864-anxA5 was labeled with 6S-IDCC to confirm binding to apoptotic cells using flow cytometry. To demonstrate targeting of atherosclerotic plaques, XTEN864-anxA5 was labeled with MeCAT(Ho) and administered intravenously to atherosclerotic ApoE−/− mice. MeCAT(Ho)-XTEN864-anxA5 was detected together with MeCAT(Tm)-MAC-2 macrophage antibodies by imaging mass cytometry (CyTOF) of aortic root sections. The ability of anxA5 to bind apoptotic cells was not affected by XTEN864. The blood half-life of XTEN864-anxA5 was 13 h in mice after IV injection, markedly longer than the 7-min half-life of anxA5. 96 h after injection, highest amounts of XTEN864-anxA5 were found in liver, spleen, and kidney. XTEN864-anxA5 was found to target the adventitia adjacent to atherosclerotic plaques. XTEN864-anxA5 is a long-circulating fusion protein that can be efficiently produced in E. coli and potentially circulates in humans for several days, making it a promising therapeutic drug.
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Grewal T, Rentero C, Enrich C, Wahba M, Raabe CA, Rescher U. Annexin Animal Models-From Fundamental Principles to Translational Research. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073439. [PMID: 33810523 PMCID: PMC8037771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Routine manipulation of the mouse genome has become a landmark in biomedical research. Traits that are only associated with advanced developmental stages can now be investigated within a living organism, and the in vivo analysis of corresponding phenotypes and functions advances the translation into the clinical setting. The annexins, a family of closely related calcium (Ca2+)- and lipid-binding proteins, are found at various intra- and extracellular locations, and interact with a broad range of membrane lipids and proteins. Their impacts on cellular functions has been extensively assessed in vitro, yet annexin-deficient mouse models generally develop normally and do not display obvious phenotypes. Only in recent years, studies examining genetically modified annexin mouse models which were exposed to stress conditions mimicking human disease often revealed striking phenotypes. This review is the first comprehensive overview of annexin-related research using animal models and their exciting future use for relevant issues in biology and experimental medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Correspondence: (T.G.); (U.R.); Tel.: +61-(0)2-9351-8496 (T.G.); +49-(0)251-83-52121 (U.R.)
| | - Carles Rentero
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.R.); (C.E.)
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.R.); (C.E.)
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohamed Wahba
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Carsten A. Raabe
- Research Group Regulatory Mechanisms of Inflammation, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE) and Cells in Motion Interfaculty Center (CiM), Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;
| | - Ursula Rescher
- Research Group Regulatory Mechanisms of Inflammation, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE) and Cells in Motion Interfaculty Center (CiM), Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;
- Correspondence: (T.G.); (U.R.); Tel.: +61-(0)2-9351-8496 (T.G.); +49-(0)251-83-52121 (U.R.)
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Méndez-Barbero N, Gutiérrez-Muñoz C, Blázquez-Serra R, Martín-Ventura JL, Blanco-Colio LM. Annexins: Involvement in cholesterol homeostasis, inflammatory response and atherosclerosis. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2021; 33:206-216. [PMID: 33622609 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The annexin superfamily consists of 12 proteins with a highly structural homology that binds to phospholipids depending on the availability of Ca2+-dependent. Different studies of overexpression, inhibition, or using recombinant proteins have linked the main function of these proteins to their dynamic and reversible binding to membranes. Annexins are found in multiple cellular compartments, regulating different functions, such as membrane trafficking, anchoring to the cell cytoskeleton, ion channel regulation, as well as pro- or anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant activities. The use of animals deficient in any of these annexins has established their possible functions in vivo, demonstrating that annexins can participate in relevant functions independent of Ca2+ signalling. This review will focus mainly on the role of different annexins in the pathological vascular remodelling that underlies the formation of the atherosclerotic lesion, as well as in the control of cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Méndez-Barbero
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - Carmen Gutiérrez-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | | | - José Luis Martín-Ventura
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - Luis Miguel Blanco-Colio
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España.
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A Comparison of [ 99mTc]Duramycin and [ 99mTc]Annexin V in SPECT/CT Imaging Atherosclerotic Plaques. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:249-259. [PMID: 28785938 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Apoptosis is a key factor in unstable plaques. The aim of this study is to evaluate the utility of visualizing atherosclerotic plaques with radiolabeled duramycin and Annexin V. PROCEDURES ApoE-/- mice were fed with a high-fat diet to develop atherosclerosis, C57 mice as a control. Using a routine conjugation protocol, highly pure [99mTc]duramycin and [99mTc]Annexin V were obtained, which were applied for in vitro cell assays of apoptosis and in vivo imaging of atherosclerotic plaques in the animal model. Oil Red O staining, TUNEL, hematoxylin-eosin (HE), and CD68 immunostaining were used to evaluate the deposition of lipids and presence of apoptotic macrophages in the lesions where focal intensity positively correlated with the uptake of both tracers. RESULTS [99mTc]duramycin and [99mTc]Annexin V with a high radiochemical purity (97.13 ± 1.52 and 94.94 ± 0.65 %, respectively) and a well stability at room temperature were used. Apoptotic cells binding activity to [99mTc]duramycin (Kd, 6.92 nM and Bmax, 56.04 mol/1019 cells) was significantly greater than [99mTc]Annexin V (Kd, 12.63 nM and Bmax, 31.55 mol/1019 cells). Compared with [99mTc]Annexin V, [99mTc]duramycin bound avidly to atherosclerotic lesions with a higher plaque-to-background ratio (P/B was 8.23 ± 0.91 and 5.45 ± 0.48 at 20 weeks, 15.02 ± 0.23 and 12.14 ± 0.22 at 30 weeks). No plaques were found in C57 control mice. Furthermore, Oil Red O staining showed lipid deposition areas were significantly increased in ApoE-/- mice at 20 and 30 weeks, and TUNEL and CD68 staining confirmed that the focal uptake of both tracers contained abundant apoptotic macrophages. CONCLUSIONS This stable, fast clearing, and highly specific [99mTc]duramycin, therefore, can be useful for the quantification of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques.
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AnnexinA5-pHrodo: a new molecular probe for measuring efferocytosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17731. [PMID: 30532026 PMCID: PMC6286334 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35995-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Efferocytosis, the clearing of dead or dying cells from living tissues, is a highly programmed, vital process to maintain the healthy functioning of every organism. Disorders of efferocytosis have been linked to several chronic diseases including atherosclerosis and auto-immune diseases. To date several different assays to determine phagocytosis, using microscopy or FACS analysis with labelled targets, have been developed. However, many of these are unable to differentiate between cells that have truly been phagocytosed and those still present on the surface of the macrophages hindering exact assessment of efferocytotic capacity. We herein describe AnxA5-pHrodo and its negative control M1234-pHrodo as new molecular probes to measure in vitro as well as ex-vivo efferocytotic capacity.
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Stefanoska K, Volkerling A, Bertz J, Poljak A, Ke YD, Ittner LM, Ittner A. An N-terminal motif unique to primate tau enables differential protein-protein interactions. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3710-3719. [PMID: 29382714 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared with other mammalian species, humans are particularly susceptible to tau-mediated neurodegenerative disorders. Differential interactions of the tau protein with other proteins are critical for mediating tau's physiological functions as well as tau-associated pathological processes. Primate tau harbors an 11-amino acid-long motif in its N-terminal region (residues 18-28), which is not present in non-primate species and whose function is unknown. Here, we used deletion mutagenesis to remove this sequence region from the longest human tau isoform, followed by glutathione S-transferase (GST) pulldown assays paired with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) multiplex labeling, a quantitative method to measure protein abundance by mass spectrometry. Using this method, we found that the primate-specific N-terminal tau motif differentially mediates interactions with neuronal proteins. Among these binding partners are proteins involved in synaptic transmission (synapsin-1 and synaptotagmin-1) and signaling proteins of the 14-3-3 family. Furthermore, we identified an interaction of tau with a member of the annexin family (annexin A5) that was linked to the 11-residue motif. These results suggest that primate Tau has evolved specific residues that differentially regulate protein-protein interactions compared with tau proteins from other non-primate mammalian species. Our findings provide in vitro insights into tau's interactions with other proteins that may be relevant to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Josefine Bertz
- From the Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences
| | - Anne Poljak
- the Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, and
| | - Yazi D Ke
- the Motor Neuron Disease Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052 and
| | - Lars M Ittner
- From the Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, .,Neuroscience Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Arne Ittner
- From the Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences
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Annexin A5 reduces early plaque formation in ApoE -/- mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190229. [PMID: 29267398 PMCID: PMC5739472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Annexin A5 (AnxA5) exerts anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant and anti-apoptotic effects through its binding to cell surface expressed phosphatidylserine. We previously showed that AnxA5 can stabilize advanced atherosclerotic plaques by reducing macrophage infiltration. We now investigated the effects of AnxA5 administration on the onset of atherosclerosis development. Eight-week-old ApoE-/-mice were fed a western diet while being administered AnxA5 or control (M1234) for a total of 6 weeks. AnxA5 administration reduced plaque size in the aortic root as well as the aortic arch by 36% and 55% respectively. As determined by immunohistochemistry, administration of AnxA5 further stabilized plaque by reducing macrophage content and increasing smooth muscle cell content. Furthermore, the pre-treatment of HUVEC's with AnxA5 reduced monocyte adhesion under flow-conditions. Finally, AnxA5 administration results in a trend to reduced cell death more pronounced in the aortic arch than the aortic root. In conclusion, treatment with AnxA5 before the onset of atherosclerosis reduces plaque formation in a murine model of atherosclerosis in part by reducing apoptotic rates further to its beneficial effect on macrophage infiltration and activation.
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Wang J, Liu J, Cao Y, Hu M, Hua Z. Domain IV of Annexin A5 Is Critical for Binding Calcium and Guarantees Its Maximum Binding to the Phosphatidylserine Membrane. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122256. [PMID: 29257055 PMCID: PMC6149819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although domain IV of annexin A5 (anxA5) may be less effective in binding phosphatidylserine (PS), the four domains together may guarantee the maximum binding of anxA5 to the PS membrane. Additionally, previous research has shown that annexin mutants lacking one or more domain(s) have different biological activities compared to the wild-type. The present research mainly aims to study the role of domain IV in the crucial PS-binding function of anxA5. Methods: The domain IV-truncated anxA5 protein was constructed and purified. Isothermal titration calorimetry, flow cytometry and activated partial thromboplastin time were adopted to examine the function of domain IV in anxA5-PS binding directly or indirectly. Results: The domain IV-truncated form of anxA5 is impaired in binding PS liposome and apoptotic cells, and anticoagulation activity. The mutant cannot bind calcium, but binds PS only in the presence of calcium. Conclusions: Truncation of domain IV of anxA5 destroys its calcium-binding ability and impairs its PS-binding activity. Truncation of domain IV may induce conformation change of anxA5 or reduce the hydrophobic interactions between protein and membrane, which may explain the decrease of PS-binding affinity of the mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yulu Cao
- Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Minjin Hu
- Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Zichun Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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Burgmaier M, Reith S, Schurgers L, Kahles F, Marx N, Reutelingsperger C. Circulating annexin A5 levels are associated with carotid intima-media thickness but not coronary plaque composition. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2017; 14:415-422. [PMID: 28592134 DOI: 10.1177/1479164117710392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annexin A5 (anxA5) is involved in processes which are crucial in atherogenesis. However, anxA5's relationship with atherosclerotic lesion extension and plaque composition in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes remains unclear. Thus, we characterized the association between circulating anxA5 levels with atherosclerotic burden and coronary plaque composition in diabetes mellitus patients. METHODS Intima-media thickness was determined in 96 diabetes mellitus patients with stable coronary artery disease. Furthermore, intracoronary optical coherence tomography was performed in 106 lesions to determine plaque composition. RESULTS AnxA5 plasma levels of patients with intima-media thickening were higher (3.49 ± 2.19 ng/mL) compared to patients with normal intima-media thickness (2.24 ± 1.67 ng/mL, p = 0.002). Furthermore, anxA5 was associated with intima-media thickening on univariable [odds ratio = 1.445 (1.106-1.889), p = 0.007] and multivariable [odds ratio = 1.643 (1.166-2.314), p = 0.005] logistic regression analysis when adjusted for multiple cardiovascular risk factors and biomarkers. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that anxA5 predicted intima-media thickening with low-moderate diagnostic efficiency [area under the curve = 0.700 (0.592-0.808)]. In contrast, there was no association between anxA5 levels and coronary plaque composition as assessed by optical coherence tomography including the presence of lipid, calcified, fibrous plaque or the minimal thickness of the fibrous cap overlying the necrotic lipid core ( p = ns). CONCLUSION Circulating anxA5 levels are associated with carotid intima-media thickness but not coronary plaque composition in high-risk patients with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Burgmaier
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Medical Clinic I, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Reith
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Medical Clinic I, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Leon Schurgers
- 2 Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Kahles
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Medical Clinic I, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Medical Clinic I, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Chris Reutelingsperger
- 2 Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Yang X, Wei J, He Y, Jing T, Li Y, Xiao Y, Wang B, Wang W, Zhang J, Lin R. SIRT1 inhibition promotes atherosclerosis through impaired autophagy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:51447-51461. [PMID: 28881659 PMCID: PMC5584260 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT1, a highly conserved NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and therapy of atherosclerosis (AS). The aim of this study is to investigate the potential effects of SIRT1 on AS in ApoE-/- mice and the underlying mechanisms of autophagy in an ox-LDL-stimulated human monocyte cell line, THP-1. In vivo, the accelerated atherosclerotic progression of mice was established by carotid collar placement; then, mice were treated for 4 weeks with a SIRT1-specific inhibitor, EX-527. The atherosclerotic lesion size of EX-527-treated mice was greatly increased compared to that of the mice in the control group. Immunostaining protocols confirmed that the inhibition of SIRT1 during plaque initiation and progression enhanced the extent of intraplaque macrophage infiltration and impaired the autophagy process. In vitro cultured THP-1 macrophages exposed to ox-LDL were utilized to study the link between the SIRT1 function, autophagy flux, pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, and foam cell formation using different methods. Our data showed that ox-LDL markedly suppressed SIRT1 protein expression and the autophagy level, while it elevated the MCP-1 production and lipid uptake. Additionally, the application of the SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527 or SIRT1 siRNA further attenuated ox-LDL-induced autophagy inhibition. In conclusion, our results show that the inhibition of SIRT1 promoted atherosclerotic plaque development in ApoE-/- mice by increasing the MCP-1 expression and macrophage accumulation. In particular, we demonstrate that blocking SIRT1 can exacerbate the acetylation of key autophagy machinery, the Atg5 protein, which further regulates the THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cell formation that is triggered by ox-LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jingyuan Wei
- Liaoning Province Academy of Analytic Science, Shenyang 110015, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Yanhao He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Ting Jing
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yanxiang Li
- Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yunfang Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Weirong Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jiye Zhang
- School of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Rong Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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A novel anti-inflammatory mechanism of high density lipoprotein through up-regulating annexin A1 in vascular endothelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:501-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Schurgers LJ, Burgmaier M, Ueland T, Schutters K, Aakhus S, Hofstra L, Gullestad L, Aukrust P, Hellmich M, Narula J, Reutelingsperger CP. Circulating annexin A5 predicts mortality in patients with heart failure. J Intern Med 2016. [PMID: 26223343 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natriuretic peptides are currently used to predict mortality in patients with heart failure (HF). However, novel independent biomarkers are needed to improve risk stratification in these patients. We hypothesized that annexin A5 (anxA5) would be highly expressed by organs which are generally affected by HF and that circulating anxA5 levels would predict mortality in HF patients. METHODS We prospectively determined the diagnostic value of anxA5, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), C-reactive protein (CRP) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) to predict mortality in 180 HF patients during a median follow-up of 3.6 years. Studies were conducted with anxA5(-/-) mice to investigate the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS AnxA5 levels were significantly elevated in HF patients compared to healthy control subjects. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that anxA5, NT-proBNP and eGFR all predict mortality independently. AnxA5 significantly improved the diagnostic efficiency of NT-proBNP alone (improvement of c-statistic from 0.662 to 0.705, P < 0.001) and also combined with eGFR and CRP (improvement of c-statistic from 0.675 to 0.738, P < 0.001) to predict mortality in the Cox regression model. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that anxA5 predicted 3-year survival (area under curve 0.708) with an optimal cut-off value of 2.24 ng mL(-1) . Using anxA5(-/-) mice, we demonstrated that anxA5 is highly expressed in organs that are often affected by HF including lung, kidney, liver and spleen. Lysis of these organs in vitro resulted in a marked and significant increase in anxA5 concentrations. CONCLUSION AnxA5 improves the diagnostic efficiency of conventional biomarkers to predict mortality in HF patients. Whereas natriuretic peptides originate from the myocardium, high circulating anxA5 levels in patients with HF are likely to reflect peripheral organ damage secondary to HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M Burgmaier
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - T Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - K Schutters
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - S Aakhus
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - L Hofstra
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - L Gullestad
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - P Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Hellmich
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Narula
- Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - C P Reutelingsperger
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Tahan F, Akar HH, Saraymen B. Exhaled breath condensate annexin A5 levels in exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma: A preliminary study. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2015; 43:538-42. [PMID: 25796304 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in asthma is incompletely understood. The role of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) annexin A5, which is an anti-inflammatory mediator, has not been investigated. The purpose of this study is to evaluate EBC annexin A5 levels in EIB in asthmatic children. METHODS Two groups of children were enrolled in this study: asthmatic children with positive (n=11) and negative (n=7) responses to exercise. The levels of pre- and post-exercise EBC annexin A5 were determined with using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS We observed significant higher pre-exercise EBC annexin A5 levels in the challenge test negative children than in the challenge test positive children (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed in the post-exercise EBC annexin A5 levels between the groups (p>0.05). Also, no significant difference was observed between pre- and post-exercise EBC annexin A5 levels within each group (p>0.05). There was an inverse correlation between annexin A5 levels and a reduction in forced expiratory volume at one second percent (FEV1%) (p=0.009, r=-0.598). CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary study showed that EBC annexin A5 may have a possible preventive role in EIB in asthma. Annexin A5 and related compounds may provide novel therapeutic approaches to the treatment of EIB in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tahan
- Erciyes University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Asthma, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - H H Akar
- Erciyes University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Asthma, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - B Saraymen
- Erciyes University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Kayseri, Turkey
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Kusters DHM, Chatrou ML, Willems BAG, De Saint-Hubert M, Bauwens M, van der Vorst E, Bena S, Biessen EAL, Perretti M, Schurgers LJ, Reutelingsperger CPM. Pharmacological Treatment with Annexin A1 Reduces Atherosclerotic Plaque Burden in LDLR-/- Mice on Western Type Diet. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130484. [PMID: 26090792 PMCID: PMC4475013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate therapeutic effects of annexin A1 (anxA1) on atherogenesis in LDLR-/- mice. Methods Human recombinant annexin A1 (hr-anxA1) was produced by a prokaryotic expression system, purified and analysed on phosphatidylserine (PS) binding and formyl peptide receptor (FPR) activation. Biodistribution of 99mTechnetium-hr-anxA1 was determined in C57Bl/6J mice. 12 Weeks old LDLR-/- mice were fed a Western Type Diet (WTD) during 6 weeks (Group I) or 12 weeks (Group P). Mice received hr-anxA1 (1 mg/kg) or vehicle by intraperitoneal injection 3 times per week for a period of 6 weeks starting at start of WTD (Group I) or 6 weeks after start of WTD (Group P). Total aortic plaque burden and phenotype were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Results Hr-anxA1 bound PS in Ca2+-dependent manner and activated FPR2/ALX. It inhibited rolling and adherence of neutrophils but not monocytes on activated endothelial cells. Half lives of circulating 99mTc-hr-anxA1 were <10 minutes and approximately 6 hours for intravenously (IV) and intraperitoneally (IP) administered hr-anxA1, respectively. Pharmacological treatment with hr-anxA1 had no significant effect on initiation of plaque formation (-33%; P = 0.21)(Group I) but significantly attenuated progression of existing plaques of aortic arch and subclavian artery (plaque size -50%, P = 0.005; necrotic core size -76% P = 0.015, hr-anxA1 vs vehicle) (Group P). Conclusion Hr-anxA1 may offer pharmacological means to treat chronic atherogenesis by reducing FPR-2 dependent neutrophil rolling and adhesion to activated endothelial cells and by reducing total plaque inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis H. M. Kusters
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn L. Chatrou
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Brecht A. G. Willems
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- VitaK BV, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke De Saint-Hubert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias Bauwens
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Emiel van der Vorst
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Stefania Bena
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erik A. L. Biessen
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mauro Perretti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leon J. Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Deng Y, Kong J. Urinary Trypsin Inhibitor Reduced Inflammation Response Induced by Hyperlipidemia. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2015; 20:572-8. [PMID: 25896908 DOI: 10.1177/1074248415578907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Atherosclerosis is recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease. The aim of this study was to examine the role of urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) in inflammation response induced by hyperlipidemia in rabbits. METHODS Thirty rabbits after injury of the right iliac artery endothelium were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, model group, and UTI group. Iliac arteries were isolated and histology was performed on arterial regions that were injured by balloon after 8 weeks. Neointimal thickness (NT) and neointimal to media radio (N/M) were measured. Blood lipids, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor-α were evaluated. Macrophages were evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis. MicroRNA-181b (miR-181b) was measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Urinary trypsin inhibitor therapy decreased serum inflammatory factor levels without significant changes in blood lipids. Compared with model group, UTI reduced macrophage infiltration of iliac artery (13.91 ± 2.03% vs 24.21 ± 8.94%, P < .01). Hyperlipidemia reduced the expression of miR-181b and increased NT and N/M ratio. Systemic administration of UTI rescued miR-181b expression and inhibited neointimal formation. CONCLUSIONS Urinary trypsin inhibitor could reduce neointimal hyperplasia by inhibiting inflammatory response induced by hyperlipidemia and may become a potential antiatherosclerosis supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Deng
- Department of Emergency, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Hei Long Jiang, China
| | - Junying Kong
- Department of Emergency, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Hei Long Jiang, China
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Drechsler M, de Jong R, Rossaint J, Viola JR, Leoni G, Wang JM, Grommes J, Hinkel R, Kupatt C, Weber C, Döring Y, Zarbock A, Soehnlein O. Annexin A1 counteracts chemokine-induced arterial myeloid cell recruitment. Circ Res 2014; 116:827-35. [PMID: 25520364 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.305825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Chemokine-controlled arterial leukocyte recruitment is a crucial process in atherosclerosis. Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) is a chemoattractant receptor that recognizes proinflammatory and proresolving ligands. The contribution of FPR2 and its proresolving ligand annexin A1 to atherosclerotic lesion formation is largely undefined. OBJECTIVE Because of the ambivalence of FPR2 ligands, we here investigate the role of FPR2 and its resolving ligand annexin A1 in atherogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Deletion of FPR2 or its ligand annexin A1 enhances atherosclerotic lesion formation, arterial myeloid cell adhesion, and recruitment. Mechanistically, we identify annexin A1 as an endogenous inhibitor of integrin activation evoked by the chemokines CCL5, CCL2, and CXCL1. Specifically, the annexin A1 fragment Ac2-26 counteracts conformational activation and clustering of integrins on myeloid cells evoked by CCL5, CCL2, and CXCL1 through inhibiting activation of the small GTPase Rap1. In vivo administration of Ac2-26 largely diminishes arterial recruitment of myeloid cells in a FPR2-dependent fashion. This effect is also observed in the presence of selective antagonists to CCR5, CCR2, or CXCR2, whereas Ac2-26 was without effect when all 3 chemokine receptors were antagonized simultaneously. Finally, repeated treatment with Ac2-26 reduces atherosclerotic lesion sizes and lesional macrophage accumulation. CONCLUSIONS Instructing the annexin A1-FPR2 axis harbors a novel approach to target arterial leukocyte recruitment. With the ability of Ac2-26 to counteract integrin activation exerted by various chemokines, delivery of Ac2-26 may be superior in inhibition of arterial leukocyte recruitment when compared with blocking individual chemokine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Drechsler
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (M.D., R.d.J., J.R.V., G.L., J.G., C.W., Y.D., O.S.); Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.D., O.S.); Department of Anaesthesiology, University Münster, Münster, Germany (J.R., A.Z.); Max Planck Institute, Münster, Germany (J.R., A.Z.); Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, NCI, Frederick, MD (J.M.W.); European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany (J.G.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum Großhadern, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (R.H., C.K.); and DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (R.H., C.K., C.W., O.S.)
| | - Renske de Jong
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (M.D., R.d.J., J.R.V., G.L., J.G., C.W., Y.D., O.S.); Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.D., O.S.); Department of Anaesthesiology, University Münster, Münster, Germany (J.R., A.Z.); Max Planck Institute, Münster, Germany (J.R., A.Z.); Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, NCI, Frederick, MD (J.M.W.); European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany (J.G.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum Großhadern, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (R.H., C.K.); and DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (R.H., C.K., C.W., O.S.)
| | - Jan Rossaint
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (M.D., R.d.J., J.R.V., G.L., J.G., C.W., Y.D., O.S.); Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.D., O.S.); Department of Anaesthesiology, University Münster, Münster, Germany (J.R., A.Z.); Max Planck Institute, Münster, Germany (J.R., A.Z.); Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, NCI, Frederick, MD (J.M.W.); European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany (J.G.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum Großhadern, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (R.H., C.K.); and DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (R.H., C.K., C.W., O.S.)
| | - Joana R Viola
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (M.D., R.d.J., J.R.V., G.L., J.G., C.W., Y.D., O.S.); Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.D., O.S.); Department of Anaesthesiology, University Münster, Münster, Germany (J.R., A.Z.); Max Planck Institute, Münster, Germany (J.R., A.Z.); Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, NCI, Frederick, MD (J.M.W.); European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany (J.G.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum Großhadern, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (R.H., C.K.); and DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (R.H., C.K., C.W., O.S.)
| | - Giovanna Leoni
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (M.D., R.d.J., J.R.V., G.L., J.G., C.W., Y.D., O.S.); Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.D., O.S.); Department of Anaesthesiology, University Münster, Münster, Germany (J.R., A.Z.); Max Planck Institute, Münster, Germany (J.R., A.Z.); Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, NCI, Frederick, MD (J.M.W.); European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany (J.G.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum Großhadern, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (R.H., C.K.); and DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (R.H., C.K., C.W., O.S.)
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (M.D., R.d.J., J.R.V., G.L., J.G., C.W., Y.D., O.S.); Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.D., O.S.); Department of Anaesthesiology, University Münster, Münster, Germany (J.R., A.Z.); Max Planck Institute, Münster, Germany (J.R., A.Z.); Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, NCI, Frederick, MD (J.M.W.); European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany (J.G.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum Großhadern, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (R.H., C.K.); and DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (R.H., C.K., C.W., O.S.)
| | - Jochen Grommes
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (M.D., R.d.J., J.R.V., G.L., J.G., C.W., Y.D., O.S.); Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.D., O.S.); Department of Anaesthesiology, University Münster, Münster, Germany (J.R., A.Z.); Max Planck Institute, Münster, Germany (J.R., A.Z.); Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, NCI, Frederick, MD (J.M.W.); European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany (J.G.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum Großhadern, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (R.H., C.K.); and DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (R.H., C.K., C.W., O.S.)
| | - Rabea Hinkel
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (M.D., R.d.J., J.R.V., G.L., J.G., C.W., Y.D., O.S.); Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.D., O.S.); Department of Anaesthesiology, University Münster, Münster, Germany (J.R., A.Z.); Max Planck Institute, Münster, Germany (J.R., A.Z.); Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, NCI, Frederick, MD (J.M.W.); European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany (J.G.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum Großhadern, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (R.H., C.K.); and DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (R.H., C.K., C.W., O.S.)
| | - Christian Kupatt
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (M.D., R.d.J., J.R.V., G.L., J.G., C.W., Y.D., O.S.); Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.D., O.S.); Department of Anaesthesiology, University Münster, Münster, Germany (J.R., A.Z.); Max Planck Institute, Münster, Germany (J.R., A.Z.); Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, NCI, Frederick, MD (J.M.W.); European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany (J.G.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum Großhadern, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (R.H., C.K.); and DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (R.H., C.K., C.W., O.S.)
| | - Christian Weber
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (M.D., R.d.J., J.R.V., G.L., J.G., C.W., Y.D., O.S.); Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.D., O.S.); Department of Anaesthesiology, University Münster, Münster, Germany (J.R., A.Z.); Max Planck Institute, Münster, Germany (J.R., A.Z.); Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, NCI, Frederick, MD (J.M.W.); European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany (J.G.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum Großhadern, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (R.H., C.K.); and DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (R.H., C.K., C.W., O.S.)
| | - Yvonne Döring
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (M.D., R.d.J., J.R.V., G.L., J.G., C.W., Y.D., O.S.); Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.D., O.S.); Department of Anaesthesiology, University Münster, Münster, Germany (J.R., A.Z.); Max Planck Institute, Münster, Germany (J.R., A.Z.); Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, NCI, Frederick, MD (J.M.W.); European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany (J.G.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum Großhadern, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (R.H., C.K.); and DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (R.H., C.K., C.W., O.S.)
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (M.D., R.d.J., J.R.V., G.L., J.G., C.W., Y.D., O.S.); Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.D., O.S.); Department of Anaesthesiology, University Münster, Münster, Germany (J.R., A.Z.); Max Planck Institute, Münster, Germany (J.R., A.Z.); Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, NCI, Frederick, MD (J.M.W.); European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany (J.G.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum Großhadern, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (R.H., C.K.); and DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (R.H., C.K., C.W., O.S.)
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (M.D., R.d.J., J.R.V., G.L., J.G., C.W., Y.D., O.S.); Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.D., O.S.); Department of Anaesthesiology, University Münster, Münster, Germany (J.R., A.Z.); Max Planck Institute, Münster, Germany (J.R., A.Z.); Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, NCI, Frederick, MD (J.M.W.); European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany (J.G.); Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum Großhadern, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (R.H., C.K.); and DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (R.H., C.K., C.W., O.S.).
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