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Dai W, Yang H, Xu B, He T, Liu L, Zhang Z, Ding L, Pei X, Fu X. 3D hUC-MSC spheroids exhibit superior resistance to autophagy and apoptosis of granulosa cells in POF rat model. Reproduction 2024; 168:e230496. [PMID: 38912966 PMCID: PMC11301424 DOI: 10.1530/rep-23-0496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
In brief This study reveals that orthotopic transplantation of 3D hUC-MSC spheroids is more effective than monolayer-cultured hUC-MSCs in improving POF and distinctly reducing oxidative stress through the paracrine effect, thereby preventing apoptosis and autophagy of GCs. Abstract Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a common reproductive disease in women younger than 40 years old, and studies have demonstrated that the application of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) is a promising therapy strategy for POF. Given the previously established therapeutic advantages of 3D MSC spheroids, and to evaluate their effectiveness, both 3D hUC-MSC spheroids and monolayer-cultured hUC-MSCs were employed to treat a cyclophosphamide-induced POF rat model through orthotopic transplantation. The effects of these two forms on POF were subsequently assessed by examining apoptosis, autophagy, and oxidative damage in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs). The results indicated that hUC-MSC spheroids exhibited superior treatment effects on resisting autophagy, apoptosis, and oxidative damage in GCs compared to monolayer-cultured hUC-MSCs. To further elucidate the impact of hUC-MSC spheroids in vitro, a H2O2-induced KGN cells model was established and co-cultured with both forms of hUC-MSCs. As expected, the hUC-MSC spheroids also exhibited superior effects in resisting apoptosis and autophagy caused by oxidative damage. Therefore, this study demonstrates that 3D hUC-MSC spheroids have potential advantages in POF therapy; however, the detailed mechanisms need to be further investigated. Furthermore, this study will provide a reference for the clinical treatment strategy of POF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Dai
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tiantian He
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Liyang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiuying Pei
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xufeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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2
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Velankar K, Liu W, Hartmeier PR, Veleke SR, Reddy GA, Clegg B, Gawalt ES, Fan Y, Meng WS. Fibril-Guided Three-Dimensional Assembly of Human Fibroblastic Reticular Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:3953-3963. [PMID: 38805413 PMCID: PMC11190984 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are stromal cells (SCs) that can be isolated from lymph node (LN) biopsies. Studies have shown that these nonhematopoietic cells have the capacity to shape and regulate adaptive immunity and can become a form of personalized cell therapy. Successful translational efforts, however, require the cells to be formulated as injectable units, with their native architecture preserved. The intrinsic reticular organization of FRCs, however, is lost in the monolayer cultures. Organizing FRCs into three-dimensional (3D) clusters would recapitulate their structural and functional attributes. Herein, we report a scaffolding method based on the self-assembling peptide (SAP) EAKII biotinylated at the N-terminus (EAKbt). Cross-linking with avidin transformed the EAKbt fibrils into a dense network of coacervates. The combined forces of fibrillization and bioaffinity interactions in the cross-linked EAKbt likely drove the cells into a cohesive 3D reticula. This facile method of generating clustered FRCs (clFRCs) can be completed within 10 days. In vitro clFRCs attracted the infiltration of T cells and rendered an immunosuppressive milieu in the cocultures. These results demonstrate the potential of clFRCs as a method for stromal cell delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketki
Y. Velankar
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne
University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Wen Liu
- Allegheny
Health Network Cancer Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15212, United States
| | - Paul R. Hartmeier
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne
University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Samuel R. Veleke
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne
University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Gayathri Aparnasai Reddy
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne
University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Benjamin Clegg
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Ellen S. Gawalt
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
- McGowan
Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University
of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yong Fan
- Allegheny
Health Network Cancer Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15212, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Wilson S. Meng
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne
University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15282, United States
- McGowan
Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University
of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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3
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Patel M, Vernon B, Jeong B. Low-Molecular-Weight PEGs for Cryopreservation of Stem Cell Spheroids. Biomater Res 2024; 28:0037. [PMID: 38845843 PMCID: PMC11156479 DOI: 10.34133/bmr.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cell spheroids (SCSs) are a valuable tool in stem cell research and regenerative medicine. SCSs provide a platform for stem cell behavior in a more biologically relevant context with enhanced cell-cell communications. In this study, we investigated the recovery of SCSs after cryopreservation at -196 °C for 7 days. Prior to cryopreservation, the SCSs were preincubated for 0 h (no preincubation), 2 h, 4 h, and 6 h at 37 °C in the presence of low-molecular-weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with molecular weights of 200, 400, and 600 Da. The recovery rate of SCSs was markedly affected by both the PEG molecular weight and the preincubation time. Specifically, when SCSs were preincubated with a PEG200 solution for 2 to 6 h, it significantly enhanced the recovery rate of the SCSs. Internalization of PEG200 through simple diffusion into the SCSs may be the cryoprotective mechanism. The PEG200 diffuses into the SCSs, which not only suppresses osmotic pressure development inside the cell but also inhibits ice formation. The recovered SCSs demonstrated both fusibility and capabilities for proliferation and differentiation comparable to SCSs recovered after dimethyl sulfoxide 10% cryopreservation. This study indicates that PEG200 serves as an effective cryoprotectant for SCSs. A simple preincubation procedure in the presence of the polymer greatly improves the recovery rate of SCSs from cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience,
Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Brent Vernon
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering,
Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-9709, USA
| | - Byeongmoon Jeong
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience,
Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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4
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An C, Shao F, Long C, Zhang Y, Nie W, Zeng R, Dou Z, Zhao Y, Lin Y, Zhang S, Zhang L, Ren C, Zhang Y, Zhou G, Wang H, Liu J. Local delivery of stem cell spheroids with protein/polyphenol self-assembling armor to improve myocardial infarction treatment via immunoprotection and immunoregulation. Biomaterials 2024; 307:122526. [PMID: 38513434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Stem cell therapies have shown great potential for treating myocardial infarction (MI) but are limited by low cell survival and compromised functionality due to the harsh microenvironment at the disease site. Here, we presented a Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) spheroid-based strategy for MI treatment by introducing a protein/polyphenol self-assembling armor coating on the surface of cell spheroids, which showed significantly enhanced therapeutic efficacy by actively manipulating the hostile pathological MI microenvironment and enabling versatile functionality, including protecting the donor cells from host immune clearance, remodeling the ROS microenvironment and stimulating MSC's pro-healing paracrine secretion. The underlying mechanism was elucidated, wherein the armor protected to prolong MSCs residence at MI site, and triggered paracrine stimulation of MSCs towards immunoregulation and angiogenesis through inducing hypoxia to provoke glycolysis in stem cells. Furthermore, local delivery of coated MSC spheroids in MI rat significantly alleviated local inflammation and subsequent fibrosis via mediation macrophage polarization towards pro-healing M2 phenotype and improved cardiac function. In general, this study provided critical insight into the enhanced therapeutic efficacy of stem cell spheroids coated with a multifunctional armor. It potentially opens up a new avenue for designing immunomodulatory treatment for MI via stem cell therapy empowered by functional biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfeng An
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Fei Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Canling Long
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, PR China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Wen Nie
- Department of Prosthodontics, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, PR China
| | - Rui Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Lin
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Shiying Zhang
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Eye Hospital, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Changle Ren
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, PR China; Department of Joint Surgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, 116044, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China; School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Guangqian Zhou
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Anti-ageing and Regenerative Medicine and Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Huanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, PR China.
| | - Jia Liu
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, PR China.
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5
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Kamprom W, Tangporncharoen R, Vongthaiwan N, Tragoonlugkana P, Phetfong J, Pruksapong C, Supokawej A. Enhanced potent immunosuppression of intracellular adipose tissue-derived stem cell extract by priming with three-dimensional spheroid formation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9084. [PMID: 38643332 PMCID: PMC11032398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59910-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells are widely studied, supporting the use of MSCs as cell-based therapy in immunological diseases. This study aims to generate cell-free MSC extract and improves their immunomodulatory potential. Intracellular extracts were prepared from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) spheroid via a freeze-thawing method. The immunomodulatory capacities of ADSC spheroid extracts were investigated in vitro, including lymphocyte proliferation, T regulatory cell expansion, and macrophage assays. A comparative study was conducted with ADSC monolayer extract. The key immunomodulatory mediators presented in ADSC extract were identified. The results revealed that ADSC spheroid extract could suppress lymphocyte activation while enhancing T regulatory cell expansion. Immunomodulatory molecules such as COX-2, TSG-6, and TGF-β1 were upregulated in ADSC priming via spheroid culture. Selective inhibition of COX-2 abrogates the effect of ADSC extract on inducing T regulatory cell expansion. Thus, ADSC spheroid extract gains high efficacy in regulating the immune responses which are associated in part by COX-2 generation. Furthermore, ADSC spheroid extract possessed a potent anti-inflammation by manipulation of TNF-α production from LPS-activated macrophage. Our current study has highlighted the opportunity of using cell-free extracts from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells spheroid as novel immunomodulators for the treatment of immunological-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witchayapon Kamprom
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Rattanawan Tangporncharoen
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Nuttapoom Vongthaiwan
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Patcharapa Tragoonlugkana
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Jitrada Phetfong
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Pruksapong
- Department of Surgery, Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aungkura Supokawej
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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6
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Makkar D, Gakhar D, Mishra V, Rakha A. Fine Tuning Mesenchymal Stromal Cells - Code For Mitigating Kidney Diseases. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:738-754. [PMID: 38334884 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Kidney Disease (KD), has a high global prevalence and accounts for one of the most prominent causes of morbidity and mortality in the twenty-first century. Despite the advances in our understanding of its pathophysiology, the only available therapy options are dialysis and kidney transplantation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have proven to be a viable choice for KD therapy due to their antiapoptotic, immunomodulatory, antioxidative, and pro-angiogenic activities. However, the low engraftment, low survival rate, diminished paracrine ability, and delayed delivery of MSCs are the major causes of the low clinical efficacy. A number of preconditioning regimens are being tested to increase the therapeutic capabilities of MSCs. In this review, we highlight the various strategies to prime MSCs and their protective effects in kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Makkar
- Department of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Diksha Gakhar
- Department of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Vinod Mishra
- Department of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Aruna Rakha
- Department of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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7
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Chung H, Choi JK, Hong C, Lee Y, Hong KH, Oh SJ, Kim J, Song SC, Kim JW, Kim SH. A micro-fragmented collagen gel as a cell-assembling platform for critical limb ischemia repair. Bioact Mater 2024; 34:80-97. [PMID: 38143565 PMCID: PMC10733640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a devastating disease characterized by the progressive blockage of blood vessels. Although the paracrine effect of growth factors in stem cell therapy made it a promising angiogenic therapy for CLI, poor cell survival in the harsh ischemic microenvironment limited its efficacy. Thus, an imperative need exists for a stem-cell delivery method that enhances cell survival. Here, a collagen microgel (CMG) cell-delivery scaffold (40 × 20 μm) was fabricated via micro-fragmentation from collagen-hyaluronic acid polyionic complex to improve transplantation efficiency. Culturing human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) with CMG enabled integrin receptors to interact with CMG to form injectable 3-dimensional constructs (CMG-hASCs) with a microporous microarchitecture and enhanced mass transfer. CMG-hASCs exhibited higher cell survival (p < 0.0001) and angiogenic potential in tube formation and aortic ring angiogenesis assays than cell aggregates. Injection of CMG-hASCs intramuscularly into CLI mice increased blood perfusion and limb salvage ratios by 40 % and 60 %, respectively, compared to cell aggregate-treated mice. Further immunofluorescent analysis revealed that transplanted CMG-hASCs have greater muscle regenerative and angiogenic potential, with enhanced cell survival than cell aggregates (p < 0.05). Collectively, we propose CMG as a cell-assembling platform and CMG-hASCs as promising therapeutics to treat CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeun Chung
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kyun Choi
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Changgi Hong
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseop Lee
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Hong
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ja Oh
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Kim
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Chang Song
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Wan Kim
- S.Biomedics Co., Ltd., Seoul, 04797, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Kim
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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8
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Long R, Wang S. Exosomes from preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells: Tissue repair and regeneration. Regen Ther 2024; 25:355-366. [PMID: 38374989 PMCID: PMC10875222 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
As a prominent research area in tissue repair and regeneration, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have garnered substantial attention for their potential in the treatment of various diseases. It is now widely recognized that the therapeutic effects of MSCs primarily occur through paracrine mechanisms. Among these mechanisms, exosomes play a crucial role by exerting a series of regulatory effects on surrounding cells and tissues. While exosomes have shown promise in treating various diseases, they do have some limitations, such as limited secretion, poor targeting, and single functionality. However, MSC preconditioning can enhance the production of exosomes, lead to more stable functionality and improve therapeutic effects. Moreover, exosomes could also serve as carriers for specific drugs or genes, enabling more precise treatments of diseases. This review summarizes the most recent literatures on how preconditioning of MSCs influences the regenerative potential of their exosomes in tissue repair and provides new insights into the therapeutic application of exosomes derived from MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Long
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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9
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Zheng YY, Hu ZN, Zhou GH. A review: analysis of technical challenges in cultured meat production and its commercialization. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38384235 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2315447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The cultured meat technology has developed rapidly in recent years, but there are still many technical challenges that hinder the large-scale production and commercialization of cultured meat. Firstly, it is necessary to lay the foundation for cultured meat production by obtaining seed cells and maintaining stable cell functions. Next, technologies such as bioreactors are used to expand the scale of cell culture, and three-dimensional culture technologies such as scaffold culture or 3D printing are used to construct the three-dimensional structure of cultured meat. At the same time, it can reduce production costs by developing serum-free medium suitable for cultured meat. Finally, the edible quality of cultured meat is improved by evaluating food safety and sensory flavor, and combining ethical and consumer acceptability issues. Therefore, this review fully demonstrates the current development status and existing technical challenges of the cultured meat production technology with regard to the key points described above, in order to provide research ideas for the industrial production of cultured meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Nanjing, MOST, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Nanjing, P.R. China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ze-Nan Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Nanjing, MOST, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Hong Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Nanjing, MOST, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Nanjing, P.R. China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Yun C, Kim SH, Kim KM, Yang MH, Byun MR, Kim JH, Kwon D, Pham HTM, Kim HS, Kim JH, Jung YS. Advantages of Using 3D Spheroid Culture Systems in Toxicological and Pharmacological Assessment for Osteogenesis Research. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2512. [PMID: 38473760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone differentiation is crucial for skeletal development and maintenance. Its dysfunction can cause various pathological conditions such as rickets, osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, or Paget's disease. Although traditional two-dimensional cell culture systems have contributed significantly to our understanding of bone biology, they fail to replicate the intricate biotic environment of bone tissue. Three-dimensional (3D) spheroid cell cultures have gained widespread popularity for addressing bone defects. This review highlights the advantages of employing 3D culture systems to investigate bone differentiation. It highlights their capacity to mimic the complex in vivo environment and crucial cellular interactions pivotal to bone homeostasis. The exploration of 3D culture models in bone research offers enhanced physiological relevance, improved predictive capabilities, and reduced reliance on animal models, which have contributed to the advancement of safer and more effective strategies for drug development. Studies have highlighted the transformative potential of 3D culture systems for expanding our understanding of bone biology and developing targeted therapeutic interventions for bone-related disorders. This review explores how 3D culture systems have demonstrated promise in unraveling the intricate mechanisms governing bone homeostasis and responses to pharmacological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chawon Yun
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sou Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mok Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hye Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ran Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung-Hee Kim
- Department of Medical Beauty Care, Dongguk University Wise, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyoung Kwon
- Jeju Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Huyen T M Pham
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Sop Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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11
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Abdolahinia ED, Golestani S, Seif S, Afra N, Aflatoonian K, Jalalian A, Valizadeh N, Abdollahinia ED. A review of the therapeutic potential of dental stem cells as scaffold-free models for tissue engineering application. Tissue Cell 2024; 86:102281. [PMID: 38070384 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
In the realm of regenerative medicine, tissue engineering has introduced innovative approaches to facilitate tissue regeneration. Specifically, in pulp tissue engineering, both scaffold-based and scaffold-free techniques have been applied. Relevant articles were meticulously chosen from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases through a comprehensive search spanning from October 2022 to December 2022. Despite the inherent limitations of scaffolding, including inadequate mechanical strength for hard tissues, insufficient vents for vessel penetration, immunogenicity, and suboptimal reproducibility-especially with natural polymeric scaffolds-scaffold-free tissue engineering has garnered significant attention. This methodology employs three-dimensional (3D) cell aggregates such as spheroids and cell sheets with extracellular matrix, facilitating precise regeneration of target tissues. The choice of technique aside, stem cells play a pivotal role in tissue engineering, with dental stem cells emerging as particularly promising resources. Their pluripotent nature, non-invasive extraction process, and unique properties render them highly suitable for scaffold-free tissue engineering. This study delves into the latest advancements in leveraging dental stem cells and scaffold-free techniques for the regeneration of various tissues. This paper offers a comprehensive summary of recent developments in the utilization of dental stem cells and scaffold-free methods for tissue generation. It explores the potential of these approaches to advance tissue engineering and their effectiveness in therapies aimed at tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Dalir Abdolahinia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.
| | - Shayan Golestani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan ( Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sepideh Seif
- Faculty of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Narges Afra
- Faculty of Dentistry, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandarabbas, Iran
| | - Khotan Aflatoonian
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Shahed University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Jalalian
- Faculty of Dentistry, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Valizadeh
- Chemistry Department, Sciences Faculty, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Dalir Abdollahinia
- Fellowship of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
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12
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Miceli V. Use of priming strategies to advance the clinical application of mesenchymal stromal/stem cell-based therapy. World J Stem Cells 2024; 16:7-18. [PMID: 38292438 PMCID: PMC10824041 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have garnered significant attention in the field of regenerative medicine due to their remarkable therapeutic potential. MSCs play a pivotal role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and possess diverse functions in tissue repair and recovery in various organs. These cells are characterized by easy accessibility, few ethical concerns, and adaptability to in vitro cultures, making them a valuable resource for cell therapy in several clinical conditions. Over the years, it has been shown that the true therapeutic power of MSCs lies not in cell engraftment and replacement but in their ability to produce critical paracrine factors, including cytokines, growth factors, and exosomes (EXOs), which modulate the tissue microenvironment and facilitate repair and regeneration processes. Consequently, MSC-derived products, such as conditioned media and EXOs, are now being extensively evaluated for their potential medical applications, offering advantages over the long-term use of whole MSCs. However, the efficacy of MSC-based treatments varies in clinical trials due to both intrinsic differences resulting from the choice of diverse cell sources and non-standardized production methods. To address these concerns and to enhance MSC therapeutic potential, researchers have explored many priming strategies, including exposure to inflammatory molecules, hypoxic conditions, and three-dimensional culture techniques. These approaches have optimized MSC secretion of functional factors, empowering them with enhanced immunomodulatory, angiogenic, and regenerative properties tailored to specific medical conditions. In fact, various priming strategies show promise in the treatment of numerous diseases, from immune-related disorders to acute injuries and cancer. Currently, in order to exploit the full therapeutic potential of MSC therapy, the most important challenge is to optimize the modulation of MSCs to obtain adapted cell therapy for specific clinical disorders. In other words, to unlock the complete potential of MSCs in regenerative medicine, it is crucial to identify the most suitable tissue source and develop in vitro manipulation protocols specific to the type of disease being treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitale Miceli
- Department of Research, Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta Specializzazione, Palermo 90127, Italy.
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13
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De Mori A, Heyraud A, Tallia F, Blunn G, Jones JR, Roncada T, Cobb J, Al-Jabri T. Ovine Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis on a Novel 3D-Printed Hybrid Scaffold In Vitro. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:112. [PMID: 38391598 PMCID: PMC10886199 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the use of silica/poly(tetrahydrofuran)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (SiO2/PTHF/PCL-diCOOH) 3D-printed scaffolds, with channel sizes of either 200 (SC-200) or 500 (SC-500) µm, as biomaterials to support the chondrogenesis of sheep bone marrow stem cells (oBMSC), under in vitro conditions. The objective was to validate the potential use of SiO2/PTHF/PCL-diCOOH for prospective in vivo ovine studies. The behaviour of oBMSC, with and without the use of exogenous growth factors, on SiO2/PTHF/PCL-diCOOH scaffolds was investigated by analysing cell attachment, viability, proliferation, morphology, expression of chondrogenic genes (RT-qPCR), deposition of aggrecan, collagen II, and collagen I (immunohistochemistry), and quantification of sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The results showed that all the scaffolds supported cell attachment and proliferation with upregulation of chondrogenic markers and the deposition of a cartilage extracellular matrix (collagen II and aggrecan). Notably, SC-200 showed superior performance in terms of cartilage gene expression. These findings demonstrated that SiO2/PTHF/PCL-diCOOH with 200 µm pore size are optimal for promoting chondrogenic differentiation of oBMSC, even without the use of growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna De Mori
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, St Micheal's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Agathe Heyraud
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Francesca Tallia
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gordon Blunn
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, St Micheal's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Julian R Jones
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Tosca Roncada
- Trinity Center for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, DO2 R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Justin Cobb
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Talal Al-Jabri
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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14
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Liu Y, Han J, Fang J, Li R. The Beneficial Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Acute Kidney Injury: A Narrative Review. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:200-209. [PMID: 36748221 PMCID: PMC10680085 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230206115046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a multifaced disease characterized by a rapid decline in renal function. However, with growing insight into the pathophysiologic mechanisms of AKI, currently available interventions for AKI are merely supportive. Thus, novel therapies are urgently needed to improve the outcomes of patients with AKI. This narrative review aims to explore enhancing the beneficial effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells(MSCs) in AKI. METHODS The authors examined all studies regarding the role of MSCs in AKI. And the authors undertook a structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature using a focused review question. The most relevant and up-to-date research was included. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Based on encouraging preclinical results, stem cell therapy has been widely explored over the last decade. Among the various stem cell types investigated, mesenchymal stem cells are being intensely investigated by virtue of their numerous strengths, such as easy derivation, undemanding cell culture conditions, anti-apoptosis, immunomodulation, and anti-inflammation effects. Mounting evidence suggests that MSCs hold great potential in accelerating kidney repair following AKI in various preclinical models. Unfortunately, low engrafting efficiency and poor survival rate of injected MSCs in the injured renal tissue are major obstacles MSCs clinical application faces. CONCLUSION Various strategies, including genetic manipulation, mimicking the cellular microenvironment with different culture conditions, optimizing MSCs preparation and administration schedule, and screening patients who may more like benefit from MSCs therapy, have been developed to enhance the therapeutic potential of MSCs in AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital), Taiyuan, 030012, Shanxi, China
- Department of the Fifth Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Taiyuan, 030012, Shanxi, China
| | - Jibin Han
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030012, Shanxi, China
| | - Jingai Fang
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Taiyuan, 030012, Shanxi, China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital), Taiyuan, 030012, Shanxi, China
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15
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Mahmoud M, Abdel-Rasheed M, Galal ER, El-Awady RR. Factors Defining Human Adipose Stem/Stromal Cell Immunomodulation in Vitro. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:175-205. [PMID: 37962697 PMCID: PMC10799834 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10654-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Human adipose tissue-derived stem/stromal cells (hASCs) are adult multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells with immunomodulatory capacities. Here, we present up-to-date knowledge on the impact of different experimental and donor-related factors on hASC immunoregulatory functions in vitro. The experimental determinants include the immunological status of hASCs relative to target immune cells, contact vs. contactless interaction, and oxygen tension. Factors such as the ratio of hASCs to immune cells, the cellular context, the immune cell activation status, and coculture duration are also discussed. Conditioning of hASCs with different approaches before interaction with immune cells, hASC culture in xenogenic or xenofree culture medium, hASC culture in two-dimension vs. three-dimension with biomaterials, and the hASC passage number are among the experimental parameters that greatly may impact the hASC immunosuppressive potential in vitro, thus, they are also considered. Moreover, the influence of donor-related characteristics such as age, sex, and health status on hASC immunomodulation in vitro is reviewed. By analysis of the literature studies, most of the indicated determinants have been investigated in broad non-standardized ranges, so the results are not univocal. Clear conclusions cannot be drawn for the fine-tuned scenarios of many important factors to set a standard hASC immunopotency assay. Such variability needs to be carefully considered in further standardized research. Importantly, field experts' opinions may help to make it clearer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Mahmoud
- Stem Cell Research Group, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St, Ad Doqi, Dokki, 12622, Cairo Governorate, Egypt.
- Department of Medical Molecular Genetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mazen Abdel-Rasheed
- Stem Cell Research Group, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St, Ad Doqi, Dokki, 12622, Cairo Governorate, Egypt
- Department of Reproductive Health Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Reda Galal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab R El-Awady
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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16
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Liu H, Gan Z, Qin X, Wang Y, Qin J. Advances in Microfluidic Technologies in Organoid Research. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2302686. [PMID: 38134345 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Organoids have emerged as major technological breakthroughs and novel organ models that have revolutionized biomedical research by recapitulating the key structural and functional complexities of their in vivo counterparts. The combination of organoid systems and microfluidic technologies has opened new frontiers in organoid engineering and offers great opportunities to address the current challenges of existing organoid systems and broaden their biomedical applications. In this review, the key features of the existing organoids, including their origins, development, design principles, and limitations, are described. Then the recent progress in integrating organoids into microfluidic systems is highlighted, involving microarrays for high-throughput organoid manipulation, microreactors for organoid hydrogel scaffold fabrication, and microfluidic chips for functional organoid culture. The opportunities in the nascent combination of organoids and microfluidics that lie ahead to accelerate research in organ development, disease studies, drug screening, and regenerative medicine are also discussed. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives in the development of advanced microfluidic platforms and modified technologies for building organoids with higher fidelity and standardization are envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Liu
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhongqiao Gan
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinyuan Qin
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yaqing Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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17
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Chen X, Liu B, Li C, Wang Y, Geng S, Du X, Weng J, Lai P. Stem cell-based therapy for COVID-19. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110890. [PMID: 37688914 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
While The World Health Organization (WHO) has announced that COVID-19 is no longer a public health emergency of international concern(PHEIC), the risk of reinfection and new emerging variants still makes it crucial to study and work towards the prevention of COVID-19. Stem cell and stem cell-like derivatives have shown some promising results in clinical trials and preclinical studies as an alternative treatment option for the pulmonary illnesses caused by the COVID-19 and can be used as a potential vaccine. In this review, we will systematically summarize the pathophysiological process and potential mechanisms underlying stem cell-based therapy in COVID-19, and the registered COVID-19 clinical trials, and engineered extracellular vesicle as a potential vaccine for preventing COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Chen
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Bowen Liu
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Yulian Wang
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Suxia Geng
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Jianyu Weng
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Peilong Lai
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China.
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18
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He Y, Zhang Z, Li Z, Lin M, Ding S, Wu H, Yang F, Cai Z, Li T, Wang J, Ke C, Pan S, Li L. Three-dimensional spheroid formation of adipose-derived stem cells improves the survival of fat transplantation by enhance their therapeutic effect. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300021. [PMID: 37332233 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have important applications in basic research, especially in fat transplantation. Some studies have found that three-dimensional (3D) spheroids formed by mesenchymal stem cells have enhanced therapeutic potential. However, the fundamental basics of this effect are still being discussed. ADSCs were harvested from subcutaneous adipose tissues and 3D spheroids were formed by the automatic aggregation of ADSCs in a non-adhesive 6-well plate. Oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) was used to simulate the transplantation microenvironment. We found that 3D culture of ADSCs triggered cell autophagy. After inhibiting autophagy by Chloroquine, the rates of apoptosis were increased. When the 3D ADSC-spheroids were re-planked, the number of senescent ADSCs decreased, and the proliferation ability was promoted. In addition, there were more cytokines secreted by 3D ADSC-spheroids including VEGF, IGF-1, and TGF-β. After adding the conditioned medium with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), 3D ADSC-spheroids were more likely to promote migration, and tube formation, stimulating the formation of new blood vessels. Fat grafting experiments in nude mice also showed that 3D ADSC-spheroids enhanced survival and neovascularization of fat grafts. These results suggested that 3D spheroids culturing of ADSCs can increase the therapeutic potential in fat transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucang He
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zikai Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zihao Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ming Lin
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Siqi Ding
- Department of Neurology, Yiwu Central Hospital, Yiwu, China
| | - Hanwen Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongming Cai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingping Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chen Ke
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shengsheng Pan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liqun Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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19
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Morán MDC, Cirisano F, Ferrari M. Spheroid Formation and Recovery Using Superhydrophobic Coating for Regenerative Purposes. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2226. [PMID: 37765195 PMCID: PMC10538210 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapies commonly pursue tissue stimulation for regenerative purposes by replacing cell numbers or supplying for functional deficiencies. To this aim, monodispersed cells are usually transplanted for incorporation by local injection. The limitations of this strategy include poor success associated with cell death, insufficient retention, or cell damage due to shear forces associated with the injection. Spheroids have recently emerged as a model that mimics an in vivo environment with more representative cell-to-cell interactions and better intercellular communication. Nevertheless, cost-effective and lab friendly fabrication and effectively performed recovery are challenges that restrict the broad application of spheroids. In this work, glass surfaces were modified with an environmentally friendly superhydrophobic coating. The superhydrophobic surfaces were used for the 3D spheroid preparation of fibroblasts (3T3 cell line) and keratinocytes (HaCaT cell line). The effectiveness of the spheroids to be recovered and grown under 2D culture conditions was evaluated. The morphology of the migrated cells from the 3D spheroids was characterized at the nano-microscale through 3D profilometry. The results demonstrated improved adhesion and proliferation in the migrated cells, both advanced properties for regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Carmen Morán
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Secció de Fisiologia—Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia—IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Cirisano
- CNR-ICMATE Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l’Energia, Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, Italy;
| | - Michele Ferrari
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia—IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CNR-ICMATE Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l’Energia, Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, Italy;
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20
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Choi JK, Chung H, Oh SJ, Kim JW, Kim SH. Functionally enhanced cell spheroids for stem cell therapy: Role of TIMP1 in the survival and therapeutic effectiveness of stem cell spheroids. Acta Biomater 2023; 166:454-469. [PMID: 37230438 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising regenerative medicine strategy but is limited by poor cell survival, leading to low therapeutic outcomes. We developed cell spheroid therapeutics to overcome this limitation. We utilized solid-phase FGF2 to form functionally enhanced cell spheroid-adipose derived (FECS-Ad), a type of cell spheroid that preconditions cells with intrinsic hypoxia to increase the survival of transplanted cells. We demonstrated an increase in hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) levels in FECS-Ad, which led to the upregulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1). TIMP1 enhanced the survival of FECS-Ad, presumably through the CD63/FAK/Akt/Bcl2 anti-apoptotic signaling pathway. Cell viability of transplanted FECS-Ad was reduced by TIMP1 knockdown in an in vitro collagen gel block and a mouse model of critical limb ischemia (CLI). TIMP1 knockdown in FECS-Ad inhibited angiogenesis and muscle regeneration induced by FECS-Ad transplanted into ischemic mouse tissue. Genetic overexpression of TIMP1 in FECS-Ad further promoted the survival and therapeutic efficacy of transplanted FECS-Ad. Collectively, we suggest that TIMP1 acts as a key survival factor to improve the survival of transplanted stem cell spheroids, which provides scientific evidence for enhanced therapeutic efficacy of stem cell spheroids, and FECS-Ad as a potential therapeutic agent to treat CLI. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We used FGF2-tethered substrate platform to form adipose-derived stem cell spheroids, as we named as functionally enhanced cell spheroid-adipose derived (FECS-Ad). In this paper, we showed that intrinsic hypoxia of spheroids upregulated expression of HIF-1α, which in turn upregulated expression of TIMP1. Our paper highlights TIMP1 as a key survival factor to improve survival of transplanted stem cell spheroids. We believe that our study has a very strong scientific impact as extending transplantation efficiency is essential for successful stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Kyun Choi
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeun Chung
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ja Oh
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Wan Kim
- S.Biomedics Co., Ltd., Seoul 04797, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Kim
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Ahmadi F, Lotfi AS, Navaei-Nigjeh M, Kadivar M. Trimetazidine Preconditioning Potentiates the Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Secretome on the Preservation of Rat Pancreatic Islet Survival and Function In Vitro. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:4796-4817. [PMID: 37184724 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04532-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Islet transplantation offers improved glycemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, in vitro islet culture is associated with islet apoptosis and eventually will lose their functionality prior to transplantation. In this study, we examined the effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secretome preconditioned with diazoxide (DZ) and trimetazidine (TMZ) on rat islet cells during pre-transplant culture. With and without preconditioned hAD-MSCs' concentrated conditioned media (CCM) were added to the culture medium containing rat islets every 12 h for 24 and 48 h, after testing for selected cytokine concentrations (interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-13). Insulin content, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, islet cell apoptosis, and mRNA expression of pro-apoptotic (BAX, BAK-1, and PUMA) and anti-apoptotic factors (BCL-2, BCL-xL, and XIAP) in rat islets were assessed after 24 and 48 h of culture. The protein level of IL-6 and IL-4 was significantly higher in TMZ-MSC-CM compared to MSC-non-CM. In rat isolated islets, normalized secreted insulin in the presence of 16.7 mM glucose was significantly higher in treated islet groups compared to control islets at both 24 and 48 h cultivation. Also, the percentage of apoptotic islet cells TMZ-MSC-CCM-treated islets was significantly lower compared to MSC-CM and MSC-CCM-treated islets in both 24 and 48 h cultivation. Consistent with the number of apoptotic cells, after 24 h culture, the expression of BCL-2 and BCL-xL genes in the control islets was lower than all treatment islet groups and in 48 h was lower than only TMZ-MSC-CM-treated islets. Also, the expression of the XIAP gene in control islets was significantly lower compared to the TMZ-MSC-CCM-treated islets at both at 24 and 48 h. In addition, mRNA level of the BAX gene in TMZ-MSC-CCM-treated islets was significantly lower compared to other groups at 48 h. Our findings revealed that TMZ proved to be more effective than DZ and could enhance the potential of hAD-MSCs-CM to improve the function and viability of islets prior to transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Ahmadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mona Navaei-Nigjeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Kadivar
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Miceli V, Zito G, Bulati M, Gallo A, Busà R, Iannolo G, Conaldi PG. Different priming strategies improve distinct therapeutic capabilities of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells: Potential implications for their clinical use. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:400-420. [PMID: 37342218 PMCID: PMC10277962 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i5.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have shown significant therapeutic potential, and have therefore been extensively investigated in preclinical studies of regenerative medicine. However, while MSCs have been shown to be safe as a cellular treatment, they have usually been therapeutically ineffective in human diseases. In fact, in many clinical trials it has been shown that MSCs have moderate or poor efficacy. This inefficacy appears to be ascribable primarily to the heterogeneity of MSCs. Recently, specific priming strategies have been used to improve the therapeutic properties of MSCs. In this review, we explore the literature on the principal priming approaches used to enhance the preclinical inefficacy of MSCs. We found that different priming strategies have been used to direct the therapeutic effects of MSCs toward specific pathological processes. Particularly, while hypoxic priming can be used primarily for the treatment of acute diseases, inflammatory cytokines can be used mainly to prime MSCs in order to treat chronic immune-related disorders. The shift in approach from regeneration to inflammation implies, in MSCs, a shift in the production of functional factors that stimulate regenerative or anti-inflammatory pathways. The opportunity to fine-tune the therapeutic properties of MSCs through different priming strategies could conceivably pave the way for optimizing their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitale Miceli
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta Specializzazione), Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zito
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta Specializzazione), Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Matteo Bulati
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta Specializzazione), Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Alessia Gallo
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta Specializzazione), Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Rosalia Busà
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta Specializzazione), Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Gioacchin Iannolo
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta Specializzazione), Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Pier Giulio Conaldi
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta Specializzazione), Palermo 90127, Italy
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23
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Gangadaran P, Oh EJ, Rajendran RL, Oh JM, Kim HM, Kwak S, Chung HY, Lee J, Ahn BC, Hong CM. Three-dimensional culture conditioned bone marrow MSC secretome accelerates wound healing in a burn injury mouse model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 673:87-95. [PMID: 37364390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has emerged as a promising regenerative therapeutic approach for wound healing. To determine the effects of cultured MSCs as a 2D monolayer (2D-MSCs) and 3D spheroids (3D-MSCs) on their secretomes, and to examine the effect of 3D-MSC secretomes on endothelial cells (ECs) and MSCs in a burn injury mouse model. MSCs were cultured as 2D monolayers (2D-MSCs) and 3D spheroids (3D-MSCs) and their cellular characteristics were evaluated by western blotting. 2D-MSC and 3D-MSC secretomes (condition medium: CM) were analyzed using an angiogenic array. The activation of ECs by 2D-MSC and 3D-MSC CMs was examined in cellular proliferation, migration, and tube formation assays. The wound healing effects of 2D-MSCs and 3D-MSCs were determined in vivo using a burn injury mouse model. 3D culture conditions altered the markers of components that regulate cell survival, cytoskeletal, adhesion, and proliferation. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), IL-8, and chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) were present at high levels in the CM of 3D-MSCs compared with 2D-MCs. 3D-MSC-CMs promoted the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of ECs. Furthermore, 3D-MSC treatment enhanced wound healing in a burn injury mouse model. 3D culture improves proangiogenic factors in the MSC secretome and 3D-MSCs represent a new cell-based treatment strategy for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Gangadaran
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Eun Jung Oh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Ji Min Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Hyun Mi Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Suin Kwak
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, South Korea; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Ho Yun Chung
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, South Korea; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Jaetae Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, South Korea.
| | - Chae Moon Hong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, South Korea.
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24
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Yen BL, Hsieh CC, Hsu PJ, Chang CC, Wang LT, Yen ML. Three-Dimensional Spheroid Culture of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Offering Therapeutic Advantages and In Vitro Glimpses of the In Vivo State. Stem Cells Transl Med 2023; 12:235-244. [PMID: 37184894 PMCID: PMC10184701 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As invaluable as the standard 2-dimensional (2D) monolayer in vitro cell culture system has been, there is increasing evidence that 3-dimensional (3D) non-adherent conditions are more relevant to the in vivo condition. While one of the criteria for human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been in vitro plastic adherence, such 2D culture conditions are not representative of in vivo cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, which may be especially important for this progenitor/stem cell of skeletal and connective tissues. The 3D spheroid, a multicellular aggregate formed under non-adherent 3D in vitro conditions, may be particularly suited as an in vitro method to better understand MSC physiological processes, since expression of ECM and other adhesion proteins are upregulated in such a cell culture system. First used in embryonic stem cell in vitro culture to recapitulate in vivo developmental processes, 3D spheroid culture has grown in popularity as an in vitro method to mimic the 3-dimensionality of the native niche for MSCs within tissues/organs. In this review, we discuss the relevance of the 3D spheroid culture for understanding MSC biology, summarize the biological outcomes reported in the literature based on such this culture condition, as well as contemplate limitations and future considerations in this rapidly evolving and exciting area.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Linju Yen
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chan Hsieh
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ju Hsu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Chang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center (NDMC), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital & College of Medicine, NTU, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Men-Luh Yen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital & College of Medicine, NTU, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Fu Z, Zhang Y, Geng X, Chi K, Liu C, Song C, Cai G, Chen X, Hong Q. Optimization strategies of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for acute kidney injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:116. [PMID: 37122024 PMCID: PMC10150535 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the high prevalence and the lack of targeted pharmacological management of acute kidney injury (AKI), the search for new therapeutic approaches for it is in urgent demand. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been increasingly recognized as a promising candidate for the treatment of AKI. However, clinical translation of MSCs-based therapies is hindered due to the poor retention and survival rates as well as the impaired paracrine ability of MSCs post-delivery. To address these issues, a series of strategies including local administration, three-dimensional culture, and preconditioning have been applied. Owing to the emergence and development of these novel biotechnologies, the effectiveness of MSCs in experimental AKI models is greatly improved. Here, we summarize the different approaches suggested to optimize the efficacy of MSCs therapy, aiming at promoting the therapeutic effects of MSCs on AKI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangning Fu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese PLA, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese PLA, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Geng
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese PLA, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Beidaihe Rehabilitation and Recuperation Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Kun Chi
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese PLA, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcheng Song
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese PLA, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese PLA, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Hong
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese PLA, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China.
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26
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Su Y, Ai S, Shen Y, Cheng W, Xu C, Sui L, Zhao Y. Regulatory Effects of Three-Dimensional Cultured Lipopolysaccharide-Pretreated Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell-Derived Secretome on Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086981. [PMID: 37108145 PMCID: PMC10139044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic transformation of macrophages plays important immune response roles in the occurrence, development and regression of periodontitis. Under inflammation or other environmental stimulation, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert immunomodulatory effects through their secretome. It has been found that secretome derived from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-pretreated or three-dimensional (3D)-cultured MSCs significantly reduced inflammatory responses in inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis, by inducing M2 macrophage polarization. In this study, periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) pretreated with LPS were 3D cultured in hydrogel (termed SupraGel) for a certain period of time and the secretome was collected to explore its regulatory effects on macrophages. Expression changes of immune cytokines in the secretome were also examined to speculate on the regulatory mechanisms in macrophages. The results indicated that PDLSCs showed good viability in SupraGel and could be separated from the gel by adding PBS and centrifuging. The secretome derived from LPS-pretreated and/or 3D-cultured PDLSCs all inhibited the polarization of M1 macrophages, while the secretome derived from LPS-pretreated PDLSCs (regardless of 3D culture) had the ability to promote the polarization of M1 to M2 macrophages and the migration of macrophages. Cytokines involved in the production, migration and polarization of macrophages, as well as multiple growth factors, increased in the PDLSC-derived secretome after LPS pretreatment and/or 3D culture, which suggested that the secretome had the potential to regulate macrophages and promote tissue regeneration, and that it could be used in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases such as periodontitis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuran Su
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Sifan Ai
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, and National Institute of Functional Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Chenyu Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Lei Sui
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yanhong Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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27
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Kim SW, Seo I, Hyun J, Eom J, Um SH, Bhang SH. Fibronectin-Enriched Interface Using a Spheroid-Converged Cell Sheet for Effective Wound Healing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:11536-11548. [PMID: 36811454 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell sheets and spheroids are cell aggregates with excellent tissue-healing effects. However, their therapeutic outcomes are limited by low cell-loading efficacy and low extracellular matrix (ECM). Preconditioning cells with light illumination has been widely accepted to enhance reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated ECM expression and angiogenic factor secretion. However, there are difficulties in controlling the amount of ROS required to induce therapeutic cell signaling. Here, we develop a microstructure (MS) patch that can culture a unique human mesenchymal stem cell complex (hMSCcx), spheroid-attached cell sheets. The spheroid-converged cell sheet structure of hMSCcx shows high ROS tolerance compared to hMSC cell sheets owing to its high antioxidant capacity. The therapeutic angiogenic efficacy of hMSCcx is reinforced by regulating ROS levels without cytotoxicity using light (610 nm wavelength) illumination. The reinforced angiogenic efficacy of illuminated hMSCcx is based on the increased gap junctional interaction by enhanced fibronectin. hMSCcx engraftment is significantly improved in our novel MS patch by means of ROS tolerative structure of hMSCcx, leading to robust wound-healing outcomes in a mouse wound model. This study provides a new method to overcome the limitations of conventional cell sheets and spheroid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Won Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Inwoo Seo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyu Hyun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiin Eom
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Soong Ho Um
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Ho Bhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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28
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Hong S, Song JM. High-Resolution In Situ High-Content Imaging of 3D-Bioprinted Single Breast Cancer Spheroids for Advanced Quantification of Benzo( a)pyrene Carcinogen-Induced Breast Cancer Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:11416-11430. [PMID: 36812369 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), also known as tumor-initiating cells, are critically correlated with carcinogenesis and are strongly affected by the environmental factors. Environmental carcinogens, such as benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), are associated with the overproduction of CSCs in various types of cancers, including breast cancer. In this report, we present a sophisticated 3D breast cancer spheroid model for the direct identification and quantitative determination of CSCs induced by carcinogens within intact 3D spheroids. To this end, hydrogel microconstructs containing MCF-7 breast cancer cells were bioprinted within direct-made diminutive multi-well chambers, which were utilized for the mass cultivation of spheroids and in situ detection of CSCs. We found that the breast CSCs caused by BaP-induced mutations were higher in the biomimetic MCF-7 breast cancer spheroids than that in standard 2D monolayer cultures. Precisely controlled MCF-7 cancer spheroids could be generated by serially cultivating MCF-7 cells within the printed hydrogel microconstructs, which could be further utilized for high-resolution in situ high-content 3D imaging analysis to spatially identify the emergence of CSCs at the single spheroid level. Additionally, potential therapeutic agents specific to breast CSCs were successfully evaluated to verify the effectiveness of this model. This bioengineered 3D cancer spheroid system provides a novel approach to investigating the emergence of CSC induced by a carcinogen for environmental hazard assessment in a reproducible and scalable format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sera Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Joon Myong Song
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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29
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Microfabrication methods for 3D spheroids formation and their application in biomedical engineering. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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30
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Pretreated Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Secretome: Enhanced Immunotherapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021277. [PMID: 36674790 PMCID: PMC9864323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with self-renewing, multilineage differentiation and immunomodulatory properties, have been extensively studied in the field of regenerative medicine and proved to have significant therapeutic potential in many different pathological conditions. The role of MSCs mainly depends on their paracrine components, namely secretome. However, the components of MSC-derived secretome are not constant and are affected by the stimulation MSCs are exposed to. Therefore, the content and composition of secretome can be regulated by the pretreatment of MSCs. We summarize the effects of different pretreatments on MSCs and their secretome, focusing on their immunomodulatory properties, in order to provide new insights for the therapeutic application of MSCs and their secretome in inflammatory immune diseases.
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31
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Kim W, Gwon Y, Park S, Kim H, Kim J. Therapeutic strategies of three-dimensional stem cell spheroids and organoids for tissue repair and regeneration. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:50-74. [PMID: 35441116 PMCID: PMC8987319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) stem cell culture systems have attracted considerable attention as a way to better mimic the complex interactions between individual cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) that occur in vivo. Moreover, 3D cell culture systems have unique properties that help guide specific functions, growth, and processes of stem cells (e.g., embryogenesis, morphogenesis, and organogenesis). Thus, 3D stem cell culture systems that mimic in vivo environments enable basic research about various tissues and organs. In this review, we focus on the advanced therapeutic applications of stem cell-based 3D culture systems generated using different engineering techniques. Specifically, we summarize the historical advancements of 3D cell culture systems and discuss the therapeutic applications of stem cell-based spheroids and organoids, including engineering techniques for tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woochan Kim
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghyun Gwon
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunho Park
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoseong Kim
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangho Kim
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
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Rybkowska P, Radoszkiewicz K, Kawalec M, Dymkowska D, Zabłocka B, Zabłocki K, Sarnowska A. The Metabolic Changes between Monolayer (2D) and Three-Dimensional (3D) Culture Conditions in Human Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Derived from Adipose Tissue. Cells 2023; 12:cells12010178. [PMID: 36611971 PMCID: PMC9818744 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the key factors that may influence the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) is their metabolism. The switch between mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis can be affected by many factors, including the oxygen concentration and the spatial form of culture. This study compared the metabolic features of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (ASCs) and dedifferentiated fat cells (DFATs) cultivated as monolayer or spheroid culture under 5% O2 concentration (physiological normoxia) and their impact on MSCs therapeutic abilities. RESULTS We observed that the cells cultured as spheroids had a slightly lower viability and a reduced proliferation rate but a higher expression of the stemness-related transcriptional factors compared to the cells cultured in monolayer. The three-dimensional culture form increased mtDNA content, oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), especially in DFATs-3D population. The DFATs spheroids also demonstrated increased levels of Complex V proteins and higher rates of ATP production. Moreover, increased reactive oxygen species and lower intracellular lactic acid levels were also found in 3D culture. CONCLUSION Our results may suggest that metabolic reconfiguration accompanies the transition from 2D to 3D culture and the processes of both mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis become more active. Intensified metabolism might be associated with the increased demand for energy, which is needed to maintain the expression of pluripotency genes and stemness state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Rybkowska
- Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Radoszkiewicz
- Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Kawalec
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Dymkowska
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Zabłocka
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Zabłocki
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Sarnowska
- Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-608-6598
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Strategies to capitalize on cell spheroid therapeutic potential for tissue repair and disease modeling. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:70. [PMID: 36494368 PMCID: PMC9734656 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00266-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapies offer a tailorable, personalized treatment for use in tissue engineering to address defects arising from trauma, inefficient wound repair, or congenital malformation. However, most cell therapies have achieved limited success to date. Typically injected in solution as monodispersed cells, transplanted cells exhibit rapid cell death or insufficient retention at the site, thereby limiting their intended effects to only a few days. Spheroids, which are dense, three-dimensional (3D) aggregates of cells, enhance the beneficial effects of cell therapies by increasing and prolonging cell-cell and cell-matrix signaling. The use of spheroids is currently under investigation for many cell types. Among cells under evaluation, spheroids formed of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are particularly promising. MSC spheroids not only exhibit increased cell survival and retained differentiation, but they also secrete a potent secretome that promotes angiogenesis, reduces inflammation, and attracts endogenous host cells to promote tissue regeneration and repair. However, the clinical translation of spheroids has lagged behind promising preclinical outcomes due to hurdles in their formation, instruction, and use that have yet to be overcome. This review will describe the current state of preclinical spheroid research and highlight two key examples of spheroid use in clinically relevant disease modeling. It will highlight techniques used to instruct the phenotype and function of spheroids, describe current limitations to their use, and offer suggestions for the effective translation of cell spheroids for therapeutic treatments.
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Bogers SH, Barrett JG. Three-Dimensional Culture of Equine Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhances Anti-Inflammatory Properties in a Donor-Dependent Manner. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:777-786. [PMID: 35880425 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2022.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as spheroids enhances the production of important regulators of inflammation: prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 (TSG-6). The horse is a model species and suffers from musculoskeletal, ocular, and systemic inflammatory disease. It is unknown if 3D culture promotes enhanced production of immunomodulatory cytokines and regulators in equine MSCs and if there is variation between individual cell donors. We evaluated the feasibility, cell viability, and stem cell marker stability of 3D-cultured equine bone marrow-derived MSCs (eBMSCs) and determined the effect of inflammatory stimulation upon gene expression and secretion of key regulators of inflammation [PGE2, TSG-6, IL-10, IL-6, stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)]. Variations in anti-inflammatory phenotype between six donors were investigated, with and without IL-1β stimulation, in either monolayer [two-dimensional (2D)] or 3D culture. Our results showed that eBMSCs self-aggregate in 3D culture while maintaining cell viability and markers of stemness CD90, CD44, CD104, and Oct4. In addition, 3D culture enhances the anti-inflammatory phenotype regardless of inflammatory stimulation by increasing PGE2, IL-6, TSG-6, SDF-1, and IL-10. Finally, anti-inflammatory phenotype was enhanced by IL-1β exposure but showed significant variation between cell lines in the degree of gene upregulation, and what genes were expressed. We conclude that 3D culture of eBMSCs as spheroids alters their anti-inflammatory phenotype, but this effect is influenced by cytokine exposure and cell donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie H Bogers
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Jennifer G Barrett
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Leesburg, Virginia, USA
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Fabrication of Cell Spheroids for 3D Cell Culture and Biomedical Applications. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-022-00086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Di Stefano AB, Urrata V, Trapani M, Moschella F, Cordova A, Toia F. Systematic review on spheroids from adipose‐derived stem cells: Spontaneous or artefact state? J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4397-4411. [PMID: 36209478 PMCID: PMC10091738 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures represent the spontaneous state of stem cells with specific gene and protein molecular expression that are more alike the in vivo condition. In vitro two-dimensional (2D) cell adhesion cultures are still commonly employed for various cellular studies such as movement, proliferation and differentiation phenomena; this procedure is standardized and amply used in laboratories, however their representing the original tissue has recently been subject to questioning. Cell cultures in 2D require a support/substrate (flasks, multiwells, etc.) and use of fetal bovine serum as an adjuvant that stimulates adhesion that most likely leads to cellular aging. A 3D environment stimulates cells to grow in suspended aggregates that are defined as "spheroids." In particular, adipose stem cells (ASCs) are traditionally observed in adhesion conditions, but a recent and vast literature offers many strategies that obtain 3D cell spheroids. These cells seem to possess a greater ability in maintaining their stemness and differentiate towards all mesenchymal lineages, as demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo studies compared to adhesion cultures. To date, standardized procedures that form ASC spheroids have not yet been established. This systematic review carries out an in-depth analysis of the 76 articles produced over the past 10 years and discusses the similarities and differences in materials, techniques, and purposes to standardize the methods aimed at obtaining ASC spheroids as already described for 2D cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barbara Di Stefano
- BIOPLAST‐Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine‐PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences University of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Valentina Urrata
- BIOPLAST‐Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine‐PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences University of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Marco Trapani
- BIOPLAST‐Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine‐PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences University of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Francesco Moschella
- BIOPLAST‐Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine‐PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences University of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Adriana Cordova
- BIOPLAST‐Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine‐PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences University of Palermo Palermo Italy
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Unit of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University of Palermo Palermo Italy
- Department of D.A.I. Chirurgico, Plastic and Reconstructive Unit Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico “Paolo Giaccone” Palermo Italy
| | - Francesca Toia
- BIOPLAST‐Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine‐PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences University of Palermo Palermo Italy
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Unit of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University of Palermo Palermo Italy
- Department of D.A.I. Chirurgico, Plastic and Reconstructive Unit Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico “Paolo Giaccone” Palermo Italy
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Cell Behavior on Peptide-Immobilized Substrate with Cell Aggregation Inducing Property. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10091779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell aggregates have been applied in various fields such as regenerative medicine and drug toxicity testing. We have shown that H-(Lys-Pro)12-OH (KP24), a repeating sequence of lysine (Lys) and proline (Pro), induces uniformly sized cell aggregates simply by its presence in cell suspension. In this study, we considered that this peptide could be applied to a three-dimensional culture substrate that can induce uniform cell aggregates by immobilizing it on the substrate. Therefore, mouse fibroblasts (L929) were seeded on KP24-immobilized glass substrates and cell behavior was observed. We also seeded human-derived cells, namely, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC), on KP24-immobilized substrates and characterized their cell assemblies. Furthermore, KP24 was chemically immobilized on the substrate surface, which allowed us to trace the mechanism of KP24–cell interaction. As a mechanism analysis of the cell aggregation ability of KP24, we investigated whether KP24 interacts with the cell surface without being incorporated into the cell.
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Zhang L, Ye C, Li P, Li C, Shu W, Zhao Y, Wang X. ADSCs stimulated by VEGF-C alleviate intestinal inflammation via dual mechanisms of enhancing lymphatic drainage by a VEGF-C/VEGFR-3-dependent mechanism and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway by the secretome. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:448. [PMID: 36064450 PMCID: PMC9442958 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have provided promising applications for Crohn’s disease (CD). However, the practical efficacy of ADSCs remains controversial, and their mechanism is still unclear. Based on the pathogenesis of dysregulated immune responses and abnormal lymphatic alterations in CD, vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) is thought to be a favourable growth factor to optimize ADSCs. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of VEGF-C-stimulated ADSCs and their dual mechanisms in both inhibiting inflammation “IN” and promoting inflammation “OUT” in the intestine. Methods Human stem cells isolated from adipose tissues were identified, pretreated with or without 100 ng/ml VEGF-C and analysed for the secretion of cell culture supernatants in vitro. Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) were treated with ADSCs-conditioned medium or co-cultured with ADSCs and VEGF-C stimulated ADSCs. Changes in LECs transmigration, and VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 mRNA levels were assessed by transwell chamber assay and qRT–PCR. ADSCs and VEGF-C-stimulated ADSCs were intraperitoneally injected into mice with TNBS-induced chronic colitis. ADSCs homing and lymphatic vessel density (LVD) were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining. Lymphatic drainage was assessed using Evans blue. Cytokines and growth factors expression was detected respectively by ELISA and qRT–PCR. The protein levels of VEGF-C/VEGFR-3-mediated downstream signals and the NF-κB pathway were assayed by western blot. Faecal microbiota was measured by 16S rRNA sequencing. Results ADSCs stimulated with VEGF-C released higher levels of growth factors (VEGF-C, TGF-β1, and FGF-2) and lower expression of cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-6) in cell supernatants than ADSCs in vitro (all P < 0.05). Secretome released by VEGF-C stimulated ADSCs exhibited a stronger LEC migratory capability and led to elevated VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 expression, but these effects were markedly attenuated by VEGFR-3 inhibitor. VEGF-C-stimulated ADSCs homing to the inflamed colon and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) can exert stronger efficacy in improving colitis symptoms, reducing inflammatory cell infiltration, and significantly enhancing lymphatic drainage. The mRNA levels and protein concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors were markedly increased with decreased proinflammatory cytokines in the mice treated with VEGF-C-stimulated ADSCs. Systemic administration of VEGF-C-stimulated ADSCs upregulated the colonic VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 pathway and activated downstream AKT and ERK phosphorylation signalling, accompanied by decreased NF-κB p65 expression. A higher abundance of faecal p-Bacteroidetes and lower p-Firmicutes were detected in mice treated with VEGF-C-stimulated ADSCs (all P < 0.05). Conclusion VEGF-C-stimulated ADSCs improve chronic intestinal inflammation by promoting lymphatic drainage and enhancing paracrine signalling via activation of VEGF-C/VEGFR-3-mediated signalling and inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. Our study may provide a new insight into optimizing ADSCs treatment and investigating potential mechanisms in CD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03132-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Chen Ye
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Li
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Chuanding Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Weigang Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Curcumin-laden ECM-mimicking microfibers assemble with mesenchymal stem cells to generate heterospheroids and enhance cell viability and function. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Shi L, Zhang Z, Deng M, Zheng F, Liu W, Ye S. Biological mechanisms and applied prospects of mesenchymal stem cells in premature ovarian failure. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30013. [PMID: 35960112 PMCID: PMC9371578 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF), also known as primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), refers to the loss of ovarian function in women after puberty and before the age of 40 characterized by high serum gonadotropins and low estrogen, irregular menstruation, amenorrhea, and decreased fertility. However, the specific pathogenesis of POF is unexplained, and there is no effective therapy for its damaged ovarian tissue structure and reduced reserve function. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with multidirectional differentiation potential and self-renewal ability, as well as the cytokines and exosomes they secrete, have been studied and tested to play an active therapeutic role in a variety of degenerative pathologies, and MSCs are the most widely used stem cells in regenerative medicine. MSCs can reverse POI and enhance ovarian reserve function through differentiation into granulosa cells (GCs), immune regulation, secretion of cytokines and other nutritional factors, reduction of GCs apoptosis, and promotion of GCs regeneration. Many studies have proved that MSCs may have a restorative effect on the structure and fertility of injured ovarian tissues and turn to be a useful clinical approach to the treatment of patients with POF in recent years. We intend to use MSCs-based therapy to completely reverse POI in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Shi
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhifen Zhang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- *Correspondence: Zhifen Zhang, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou women’s Hospital, No.369 Kunpeng Road, Shangcheng Districs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310008, People’s Republic of China (e-mail: )
| | - Miao Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangyuan Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shujin Ye
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
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Hazrati A, Malekpour K, Soudi S, Hashemi SM. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells spheroid culture effect on the therapeutic efficacy of these cells and their exosomes: A new strategy to overcome cell therapy limitations. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113211. [PMID: 35696942 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is one of the new treatment methods in which mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSCs) transplantation is one of the cells widely used in this field. The results of MSCs application in the clinic prove their therapeutic efficacy. For this reason, many clinical trials have been designed based on the application of MSCs for various diseases, especially inflammatory disease and regenerative medicine. These cells perform their therapeutic functions through multiple mechanisms, including the differentiative potential, immunomodulatory properties, production of therapeutic exosomes, production of growth factors and cytokines, and anti-apoptotic effects. Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles (EVs) that change target cell functions by transferring different cargos. The therapeutic ability of MSCs-derived exosomes has been demonstrated in many studies. However, some limitations, such as the low production of exosomes by cells and the need for large amounts of them and also their limited therapeutic ability, have encouraged researchers to find methods that increase exosomes' therapeutic potential. One of these methods is the spheroid culture of MSCs. Studies show that the three-dimensional culture (3DCC) of MSCs in the form of multicellular spheroids increases the therapeutic efficacy of these cells in laboratory and animal applications. In addition, the spheroid culture of MSCs leads to enhanced therapeutic properties of their exosomes and production rate. Due to the novelty of the field of using 3DCC MSCs-derived exosomes, examination of their properties and the results of their therapeutic application can increase our view of this field. This review discussed MSCs and their exosomes enhanced properties in spheroid culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hazrati
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar Malekpour
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Soudi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Rahimi Tesiye M, Abrishami Kia Z, Rajabi-Maham H. Mesenchymal stem cells and prostate cancer: A concise review of therapeutic potentials and biological aspects. Stem Cell Res 2022; 63:102864. [PMID: 35878578 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) arises from a cancer stem or progenitor cell with homogenous characteristics, especially among the aging men population. Over the past decade, the increasing PCa incidence has led to significant changes in both disease diagnosis and treatment. Recently, the therapeutic aspects of stem cells in many cancers, including PCa, have been debatable. The new generation of PCa studies seek to present definitive treatments with reduced therapeutic side effects. Since discovering unique properties of stem cells in modulating immunity, selective migration to inflammatory regions, and secretion of various growth factors, they have been a promising therapeutic target. The existing properties of stem cell therapy bring new opportunities for cancer inhibition: transferring chemotherapeutics, activating prodrugs, affecting the expression of genes involved in cancer, genetically modifying the production of anti-cancer compounds, proteins, and/or deriving extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing therapeutic agents from stem cells. However, their dual properties in carcinogenicity as well as their ability to inhibit cancer result in particular limitations studying them after administration. A clear understanding of the interaction between MSCs and the prostate cancer microenvironment will provide crucial information in revealing the precise applications and new practical protocols for clinical use of these cells..
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahimi Tesiye
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Abrishami Kia
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
| | - Hassan Rajabi-Maham
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Analysis of the aggregation mechanism of chondroitin sulfate/chitosan particles and fabrication of hydrogel cell scaffolds. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 210:233-242. [PMID: 35537590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the aggregation mechanism of polyion complex (PIC) particles from chitosan (CHI) and chondroitin sulfate C (CS) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was analyzed, and a novel method for the fabrication of hydrogels via aggregation was developed. The PBS induced a decrease in the ζ-potential of the CS/CHI PIC particles, increase in their diameter, and aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner. The hydrogels prepared by mixing CS/CHI PIC particle dispersion and PBS showed the PIC components, with porous structure, high swelling ratio (161.4 ± 13.3%), and high storage moduli (26.2 ± 1.4 kPa). By mixing PBS with suspended adhesive cells and CS/CHI PIC particle dispersion, hydrogels with high cell-loading efficiency were successfully synthesized. The loaded cells within the hydrogels exhibited high viability, uniform distribution, and formation of cell aggregates. These results indicate that CS/CHI-based hydrogels have a potential application as three-dimensional scaffolds for cell culture in tissue engineering.
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Hong HJ, Cho JM, Yoon YJ, Choi D, Lee S, Lee H, Ahn S, Koh WG, Lim JY. Thermoresponsive fiber-based microwells capable of formation and retrieval of salivary gland stem cell spheroids for the regeneration of irradiation-damaged salivary glands. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221085645. [PMID: 35422983 PMCID: PMC9003645 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221085645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional spheroid culture enhances cell-to-cell interactions among stem cells and promotes the expression of stem cell properties; however, subsequent retrieval and delivery of these cells remain a challenge. We fabricated a thermoresponsive fiber-based microwell scaffold by combining electrospinning and hydrogel micropatterning. The resultant scaffold appeared to facilitate the formation of cellular spheroids of uniform size and enabled the expression of more stem cell-secreting growth factor genes ( EGF, IGF-1, FGF1, FGF2, and HGF), pluripotent stem cell-related genes ( SOX2 and NANOG), and adult epithelial stem cell-related genes ( LGR4, LGR5, and LGR6) than salivary gland stem cells in a monolayer culture (SGSCmonolayer). The spheroids could be retrieved efficiently by decreasing temperature. SGSC-derived spheroid (SGSCspheroid) cells were then implanted into the submandibular glands of mice at 2 weeks after fractionated X-ray irradiation at a dose of 7.5 Gy/day. At 16 weeks post-irradiation, restoration of salivary function was detected only in SGSCspheroid-implanted mice. The production of submandibular acini specific mucin increased in SGSCspheroid-implanted mice, compared with PBS control. More MIST1+ mature acinar cells were preserved in the SGSCspheroid-implanted group than in the PBS control group. Intriguingly, SGSCspheroid-implanted mice exhibited greater amelioration of tissue damage and preservation of KRT7+ terminally differentiated luminal ductal cells than SGSCmonolayer-implanted mice. The SGSCspheroid-implanted mice also showed less DNA damage and apoptotic cell death than the SGSCmonolayer-implanted mice at 2 weeks post-implantation. Additionally, a significant increase in Ki67+AQP5+ proliferative acinar cells was noted only in SGSCspheroid-implanted mice. Our results suggest that a thermoresponsive fiber-based scaffold could be of use to facilitate the production of function-enhanced SGSCspheroid cells and their subsequent retrieval and delivery to damaged salivary glands to alleviate radiation-induced apoptotic cell death and promote salivary gland regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Jun Yoon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - DoJin Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Ahn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Gun Koh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yol Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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45
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Wang S, Lei B, Zhang E, Gong P, Gu J, He L, Han L, Yuan Z. Targeted Therapy for Inflammatory Diseases with Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Derived Exosomes: From Basic to Clinics. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:1757-1781. [PMID: 35469174 PMCID: PMC9034888 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s355366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a beneficial and physiological process, but there are a number of inflammatory diseases which have detrimental effects on the body. In addition, the drugs used to treat inflammation have toxic side effects when used over a long period of time. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent stem cells that can be isolated from a variety of tissues and can be differentiate into diverse cell types under appropriate conditions. They also exhibit noteworthy anti-inflammatory properties, providing new options for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The therapeutic potential of MSCs is currently being investigated for various inflammatory diseases, such as kidney injury, lung injury, osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). MSCs can perform multiple functions, including immunomodulation, homing, and differentiation, to enable damaged tissues to form a balanced inflammatory and regenerative microenvironment under severe inflammatory conditions. In addition, accumulated evidence indicates that exosomes from extracellular vesicles of MSCs (MSC-Exos) play an extraordinary role, mainly by transferring their components to recipient cells. In this review, we summarize the mechanism and clinical trials of MSCs and MSC-Exos in various inflammatory diseases in detail, with a view to contributing to the treatment of MSCs and MSC-Exos in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Biyu Lei
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - E Zhang
- Department of Basic Sciences, Officers College of People’s Armed Police, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610213, People’s Republic of China
| | - Puyang Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili He
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhixiang Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhixiang Yuan; Lu Han, Email ;
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46
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Hybrid spheroid microscaffolds as modular tissue units to build macro-tissue assemblies for tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2022:S1742-7061(22)00141-6. [PMID: 35288312 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Since its inception, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) has been relying on either scaffold-based or scaffold-free strategies. Recent reports outlined the possibility of a synergistic, convergence approach, referred to as the third TERM strategy, which could alleviate bottlenecks of the two previous options. This strategy requires the fabrication of highly porous microscaffolds, allowing to create single spheroids within each of them. The resulting tissue units can then be combined and used as modular building blocks for creating tissue constructs through a bottom-up self-assembly. Such strategy can have a significant impact for the future of TERM, but so far, no reports have assessed its feasibility in detail. This work reports a first systematic study, which includes a comparison of the in vitro behavior of tissue units based on adipose derived stem cell spheroids cultured within microscaffolds versus conventional spheroids. We first proved that the presence of the microscaffold neither impairs the cells 'ability to form spheroids nor impacts their viability. Importantly, the fusiogenic and the differentiation potential (i.e. chondrogenesis and osteogenesis), which are important features for cellularized building blocks to be used in TERM, are preserved when spheroids are cultured within microscaffolds. Significant benefits of microscaffold-based tissue units include the enhanced cell retention, the decreased compaction and the better control over the size observed when larger tissue constructs are formed through self-assembly. The proof of concept study presented here demonstrates the great potential offered by those microsize tissue units to be used as building blocks for directed tissue self-assembly. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: One of the most exciting and recent advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) is to combine together multiple micro-size cellularized units, which are able to self-assemble altogether to recreate larger tissue constructs. In this work, we produce such modules by forming single spheroids within highly porous microscaffolds, and study how this new microenvironment impacts on the spheroid's behavior and stemness potential. This work highlights as well that such novel route is enabled by two-photon polymerization, which is an additive manufacturing technique offering high spatial resolution down to 100 nm. These findings provide a first scientific evidence about the utilization of hybrid spheroid microscaffold-based tissue units with great perspective as a modular tool for TERM.
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Lukomskyj AO, Rao N, Yan L, Pye JS, Li H, Wang B, Li JJ. Stem Cell-Based Tissue Engineering for the Treatment of Burn Wounds: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1926-1955. [PMID: 35150392 PMCID: PMC9391245 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10341-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Burn wounds are a devastating type of skin injury leading to severe impacts on both patients and the healthcare system. Current treatment methods are far from ideal, driving the need for tissue engineered solutions. Among various approaches, stem cell-based strategies are promising candidates for improving the treatment of burn wounds. A thorough search of the Embase, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted to retrieve original research studies on stem cell-based tissue engineering treatments tested in preclinical models of burn wounds, published between January 2009 and June 2021. Of the 347 articles retrieved from the initial database search, 33 were eligible for inclusion in this review. The majority of studies used murine models with a xenogeneic graft, while a few used the porcine model. Thermal burn was the most commonly induced injury type, followed by surgical wound, and less commonly radiation burn. Most studies applied stem cell treatment immediately post-burn, with final endpoints ranging from 7 to 90 days. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were the most common stem cell type used in the included studies. Stem cells from a variety of sources were used, most commonly from adipose tissue, bone marrow or umbilical cord, in conjunction with an extensive range of biomaterial scaffolds to treat the skin wounds. Overall, the studies showed favourable results of skin wound repair in animal models when stem cell-based tissue engineering treatments were applied, suggesting that such strategies hold promise as an improved therapy for burn wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Olga Lukomskyj
- Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Nikitha Rao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Lei Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jasmine Sarah Pye
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Haiyan Li
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, 030001, China. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 315000, China.
| | - Jiao Jiao Li
- Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia. .,School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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48
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El Harane S, Durual S, Braschler T, André-Lévigne D, Brembilla N, Krause KH, Modarressi A, Preynat-Seauve O. Adipose-derived stem cell spheroids are superior to single-cell suspensions to improve fat autograft long-term survival. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1421-1433. [PMID: 35150064 PMCID: PMC8899177 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous fat transplantation is a widely used procedure for surgical reconstruction of tissues. The resorption rate of this transplantation remains high and unpredictable, reinforcing the need of adjuvant treatments that increase the long‐term stability of grafts. Adipose‐derived stem cells (ASC) introduced as single cells in fat has been shown clinically to reduce the resorption of fat grafts. On the other hand, the formulation of ASC into cell spheroids results in the enhancement of their regenerative potential. In this study, we developed a novel method to produce highly homogeneous ASC spheroids and characterized their features and efficacy on fat transplantation. Spheroids conserved ASC markers and multipotency. A regenerative gene expression profile was maintained, and genes linked to autophagy were upregulated whereas proliferation was decreased. Their secreted proteome was enriched in comparison with single‐cell ASC suspension. Addition of spheroids to fat graft in an animal model of transplantation resulted in a better graft long‐term stability when compared to single ASC suspension. In conclusion, we provide a novel method to manufacture homogenous ASC spheroids. These ASC spheroids are superior to ASC in single‐cell suspension to improve the stability of fat transplants, reinforcing their potential in reconstructive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae El Harane
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Durual
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Braschler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dominik André-Lévigne
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolo Brembilla
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Therapy and Stem Cells, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ali Modarressi
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Preynat-Seauve
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Wu X, Jin S, Ding C, Wang Y, He D, Liu Y. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosome Therapy of Microbial Diseases: From Bench to Bed. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:804813. [PMID: 35046923 PMCID: PMC8761948 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.804813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial diseases are a global health threat, leading to tremendous casualties and economic losses. The strategy to treat microbial diseases falls into two broad categories: pathogen-directed therapy (PDT) and host-directed therapy (HDT). As the typical PDT, antibiotics or antiviral drugs directly attack bacteria or viruses through discerning specific molecules. However, drug abuse could result in antimicrobial resistance and increase infectious disease morbidity. Recently, the exosome therapy, as a HDT, has attracted extensive attentions for its potential in limiting infectious complications and targeted drug delivery. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) are the most broadly investigated. In this review, we mainly focus on the development and recent advances of the application of MSC-Exos on microbial diseases. The review starts with the difficulties and current strategies in antimicrobial treatments, followed by a comprehensive overview of exosomes in aspect of isolation, identification, contents, and applications. Then, the underlying mechanisms of the MSC-Exo therapy in microbial diseases are discussed in depth, mainly including immunomodulation, repression of excessive inflammation, and promotion of tissue regeneration. In addition, we highlight the latest progress in the clinical translation of the MSC-Exo therapy, by summarizing related clinical trials, routes of administration, and exosome modifications. This review will provide fundamental insights and future perspectives on MSC-Exo therapy in microbial diseases from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
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50
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Adipose-Derived Stem/Stromal Cells in Kidney Transplantation: Status Quo and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011188. [PMID: 34681848 PMCID: PMC8538841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation (KT) is the gold standard treatment of end-stage renal disease. Despite progressive advances in organ preservation, surgical technique, intensive care, and immunosuppression, long-term allograft survival has not significantly improved. Among the many peri-operative complications that can jeopardize transplant outcomes, ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) deserves special consideration as it is associated with delayed graft function, acute rejection, and premature transplant loss. Over the years, several strategies have been proposed to mitigate the impact of IRI and favor tolerance, with rather disappointing results. There is mounting evidence that adipose stem/stromal cells (ASCs) possess specific characteristics that could help prevent, reduce, or reverse IRI. Immunomodulating and tolerogenic properties have also been suggested, thus leading to the development of ASC-based prophylactic and therapeutic strategies in pre-clinical and clinical models of renal IRI and allograft rejection. ASCs are copious, easy to harvest, and readily expandable in culture. Furthermore, ASCs can secrete extracellular vesicles (EV) which may act as powerful mediators of tissue repair and tolerance. In the present review, we discuss the current knowledge on the mechanisms of action and therapeutic opportunities offered by ASCs and ASC-derived EVs in the KT setting. Most relevant pre-clinical and clinical studies as well as actual limitations and future perspective are highlighted.
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