1
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Noireterre A, Stutz F. Cdc48/p97 segregase: Spotlight on DNA-protein crosslinks. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 139:103691. [PMID: 38744091 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2024.103691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The ATP-dependent molecular chaperone Cdc48 (in yeast) and its human counterpart p97 (also known as VCP), are essential for a variety of cellular processes, including the removal of DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) from the DNA. Growing evidence demonstrates in the last years that Cdc48/p97 is pivotal in targeting ubiquitinated and SUMOylated substrates on chromatin, thereby supporting the DNA damage response. Along with its cofactors, notably Ufd1-Npl4, Cdc48/p97 has emerged as a central player in the unfolding and processing of DPCs. This review introduces the detailed structure, mechanism and cellular functions of Cdc48/p97 with an emphasis on the current knowledge of DNA-protein crosslink repair pathways across several organisms. The review concludes by discussing the potential therapeutic relevance of targeting p97 in DPC repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Noireterre
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland
| | - Françoise Stutz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland.
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2
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Hao J, Yu J, Yorek MS, Yu CL, Pope RM, Chimenti MS, Xiong Y, Klingelhutz A, Jabbari A, Li B. Keratinocyte FABP5-VCP complex mediates recruitment of neutrophils in psoriasis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113449. [PMID: 37967009 PMCID: PMC10729729 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of intractable psoriasis is neutrophil infiltration in skin lesions. However, detailed molecular mechanisms of neutrophil chemotaxis and activation remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate a significant upregulation of epidermal fatty acid binding protein (E-FABP, FABP5) in the skin of human psoriasis and psoriatic mouse models. Genetic deletion of FABP5 in mice by global knockout and keratinocyte conditional (Krt6a-Cre) knockout, but not myeloid cell conditional (LysM-Cre) knockout, attenuates psoriatic symptoms. Immunophenotypic analysis shows that FABP5 deficiency specifically reduces skin recruitment of Ly6G+ neutrophils. Mechanistically, activated keratinocytes produce chemokines and cytokines that trigger neutrophil chemotaxis and activation in an FABP5-dependent manner. Proteomic analysis further identifies that FABP5 interacts with valosin-containing protein (VCP), a key player in NF-κB signaling activation. Silencing of FABP5, VCP, or both inhibits NF-κB/neutrophil chemotaxis signaling. Collectively, these data demonstrate dysregulated FABP5 as a molecular mechanism promoting NF-κB signaling and neutrophil infiltration in psoriasis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Hao
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jianyu Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Matthew S Yorek
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Chi-Li Yu
- Proteomics Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Michael S Chimenti
- Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Yiqin Xiong
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Aloysius Klingelhutz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ali Jabbari
- Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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3
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Lin L, Yu H, Li L, Yang W, Chen X, Gong Y, Lei Q, Li Z, Zhou Z, Dai L, Zhang H, Hu H. TRIM55 promotes noncanonical NF-κB signaling and B cell-mediated immune responses by coordinating p100 ubiquitination and processing. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabn5410. [PMID: 37816088 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abn5410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitination-dependent processing of NF-κB2 (also known as p100) is a critical step in the activation of the noncanonical NF-κB pathway. We investigated the molecular mechanisms regulating this process and showed that TRIM55 was the E3 ubiquitin ligase that mediated the ubiquitination of p100 and coordinated its processing. TRIM55 deficiency impaired noncanonical NF-κB activation and B cell function. Mice with a B cell-specific Trim55 deficiency exhibited reduced germinal center formation and antibody production. These mice showed less severe symptoms than those of control mice upon the induction of a systemic lupus-like disease, suggesting B cell-intrinsic functions of TRIM55 in humoral immune responses and autoimmunity. Mechanistically, the ubiquitination of p100 mediated by TRIM55 was crucial for p100 processing by VCP, an ATPase that mediates ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation by the proteasome. Furthermore, we found that TRIM55 facilitated the interaction between TRIM21 and VCP as well as TRIM21-mediated K63-ubiquitination of VCP, both of which were indispensable for the formation of the VCP-UFD1-NPL4 complex and p100 processing. Together, our results reveal a mechanism by which TRIM55 fine-tunes p100 processing and regulates B cell-dependent immune responses in vivo, highlighting TRIM55 as a potential therapeutic target for lupus-like disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangbin Lin
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Li
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenyong Yang
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xueying Chen
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanqiu Gong
- Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qingqiang Lei
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhonghan Li
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhaocai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhua Road, Shanghai 200438, China
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing 401338, China
- Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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4
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Wei R, Cao Y, Wu H, Liu X, Jiang M, Luo X, Deng Z, Wang Z, Ke M, Zhu Y, Chen S, Gu C, Yang Y. Inhibition of VCP modulates NF-κB signaling pathway to suppress multiple myeloma cell proliferation and osteoclast differentiation. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:8220-8236. [PMID: 37606987 PMCID: PMC10497005 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy, in which the dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is associated with the pathogenesis. The valosin containing protein (VCP)/p97, a member of the AAA+ ATPase family, possesses multiple functions to regulate the protein quality control including ubiquitin-proteasome system and molecular chaperone. VCP is involved in the occurrence and development of various tumors while still elusive in MM. VCP inhibitors have gradually shown great potential for cancer treatment. This study aims to identify if VCP is a therapeutic target in MM and confirm the effect of a novel inhibitor of VCP (VCP20) on MM. We found that VCP was elevated in MM patients and correlated with shorter survival in clinical TT2 cohort. Silencing VCP using siRNA resulted in decreased MM cell proliferation via NF-κB signaling pathway. VCP20 evidently inhibited MM cell proliferation and osteoclast differentiation. Moreover, exosomes containing VCP derived from MM cells partially alleviated the inhibitory effect of VCP20 on cell proliferation and osteoclast differentiation. Mechanism study revealed that VCP20 inactivated the NF-κB signaling pathway by inhibiting ubiquitination degradation of IκBα. Furthermore, VCP20 suppressed MM cell proliferation, prolonged the survival of MM model mice and improved bone destruction in vivo. Collectively, our findings suggest that VCP is a novel target in MM progression. Targeting VCP with VCP20 suppresses malignancy progression of MM via inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfang Wei
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhao Cao
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjie Wu
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingmei Jiang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian Luo
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhendong Deng
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ze Wang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengying Ke
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhu
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siqing Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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5
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Zhang X, Jiang L, Li Y, Feng Q, Sun X, Wang Y, Zhao M. Discovery of novel benzylquinazoline molecules as p97/VCP inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1209060. [PMID: 37388451 PMCID: PMC10300352 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1209060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Protein p97 is an extensively investigated AAA ATPase with various cellular activities, including cell cycle control, ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy, and NF-κB activation. Method: In this study, we designed, synthesized and evaluated eight novel DBeQanalogs as potential p97 inhibitors in vivo and in vitro. Results: In the p97 ATPase inhibition assay, compounds 6 and 7 showed higher potency than the known p97 inhibitors, DBeQ and CB-5083. Compounds 4-6 dramatically induced G0/G1 phase arrest in the HCT116 cells, and compound 7 arrested the cells in both G0/G1 and S phases. Western blots showed elevated levels of SQSTM/p62, ATF-4, and NF-κB in HCT116 cells with the treatment of compounds 4-7, confirming their role in inhibiting the p97 signaling pathway in cells. In addition, the IC50 of compounds 4-6 against HCT116, RPMI-8226, and s180 proliferation were 0.24-6.9 µM with comparable potency as DBeQ. However, compounds 4-6 displayed low toxicity against the normal human colon cell line. Thus, compounds 6 and 7 were proved to be potential p97 inhibitors with less cytotoxicity. In vivo studies using the s180 xenograft model have demonstrated that compound 6 inhibited tumor growth, led to a significant reduction of p97 concentration in the serum and tumor, and indicated non-toxicity on the body weight and organ-to-brain weight ratios except for the spleen at the dose of 90 μmol/kg/day for 10 days. Furthermore, the present study indicated that compound 6 may not induce s180 mice myelosuppression often observed in the p97 inhibitors. Conclusion: Compound 6 displayed high binding affinity to p97, great p97 ATPase inhibition, selective cytotoxicity, remarkable anti-tumor effect, and upregulated safety, which improved the clinical potential of p97 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Lingna Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Yixin Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Feng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Xiulin Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Yaonan Wang
- Core Facilities Centre, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China
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6
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Ferrari V, Cristofani R, Cicardi ME, Tedesco B, Crippa V, Chierichetti M, Casarotto E, Cozzi M, Mina F, Galbiati M, Piccolella M, Carra S, Vaccari T, Nalbandian A, Kimonis V, Fortuna TR, Pandey UB, Gagliani MC, Cortese K, Rusmini P, Poletti A. Pathogenic variants of Valosin-containing protein induce lysosomal damage and transcriptional activation of autophagy regulators in neuronal cells. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2022; 48:e12818. [PMID: 35501124 PMCID: PMC10588520 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Mutations in the valosin-containing protein (VCP) gene cause various lethal proteinopathies that mainly include inclusion body myopathy with Paget's disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Different pathological mechanisms have been proposed. Here, we define the impact of VCP mutants on lysosomes and how cellular homeostasis is restored by inducing autophagy in the presence of lysosomal damage. METHODS By electron microscopy, we studied lysosomal morphology in VCP animal and motoneuronal models. With the use of western blotting, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), immunofluorescence and filter trap assay, we evaluated the effect of selected VCP mutants in neuronal cells on lysosome size and activity, lysosomal membrane permeabilization and their impact on autophagy. RESULTS We found that VCP mutants induce the formation of aberrant multilamellar organelles in VCP animal and cell models similar to those found in patients with VCP mutations or with lysosomal storage disorders. In neuronal cells, we found altered lysosomal activity characterised by membrane permeabilization with galectin-3 redistribution and activation of PPP3CB. This selectively activated the autophagy/lysosomal transcriptional regulator TFE3, but not TFEB, and enhanced both SQSTM1/p62 and lipidated MAP1LC3B levels inducing autophagy. Moreover, we found that wild type VCP, but not the mutants, counteracted lysosomal damage induced either by trehalose or by a mutant form of SOD1 (G93A), also blocking the formation of its insoluble intracellular aggregates. Thus, chronic activation of autophagy might fuel the formation of multilamellar bodies. CONCLUSION Together, our findings provide insights into the pathogenesis of VCP-related diseases, by proposing a novel mechanism of multilamellar body formation induced by VCP mutants that involves lysosomal damage and induction of lysophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan
| | - Riccardo Cristofani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan
| | - Maria E. Cicardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Weinberg ALS Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Barbara Tedesco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS – Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Crippa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan
| | - Marta Chierichetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan
| | - Elena Casarotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan
| | - Marta Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan
| | - Francesco Mina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan
| | - Mariarita Galbiati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan
| | - Margherita Piccolella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan
| | - Serena Carra
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Thomas Vaccari
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Virginia Kimonis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Tyler R. Fortuna
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Udai B. Pandey
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria C. Gagliani
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Cellular Electron Microscopy Lab, University of Genoa, Genova
| | - Katia Cortese
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Cellular Electron Microscopy Lab, University of Genoa, Genova
| | - Paola Rusmini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan
| | - Angelo Poletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan
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7
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Zhong Y, Peng P, Zhang M, Han D, Yang H, Yan X, Hu S. Effect of S-Nitrosylation of RIP3 Induced by Cerebral Ischemia on its Downstream Signaling Pathway. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106516. [PMID: 35490467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our preliminary experiments indicate that receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3) is S-nitrosylated and contributes to its autophosphorylation (activation) after 3 h of rat brain ischemia/reperfusion mediated by activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) and is involved in the process of neuronal injury. Here, we will to demonstrate whether S-nitrosylation of RIP3 facilitates the activation of the downstream signaling pathway and finally exacerbates ischemic neuron death. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rat transient brain ischemia/reperfusion and cortical neurons oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)/reoxygenation models were performed. The hippocampal CA1 regions or cultured cells were homogenized and the cytosolic fraction were collected as tissue samples. Coimmunoprecipitation and western blot analysis were carried out for detecting phosphorylation of RIP1 and mixed lineage kinase-like domains (MLKL) and the Cleaved-Caspase8 (Cl-Caspase8). The activities of Glycogen phosphorylase (PYGL), Glutamate-ammonia ligase (GLUL) and Glutamate dehydrogenase (GLUD1) were detected with ultraviolet absorption method. RESULTS This study showed that active RIP3 could phosphorylate RIP1 and MLKL through its kinase activity, promote the conversion of Caspase8 to active Cl-Caspase8, enhance the activities of PYGL, GLUL and GLUD1, and finally aggravate neuronal injury in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. The inhibition of RIP3 S-nitrosylation inhibited the phosphorylation of RIP1 and MLKL, inhibited the activities of Caspase8, PYGL, GLUL, and GLUD1, and alleviated neuronal damage in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS S-nitrosylation of RIP3 increased RIP1 and MLKL phosphorylation levels, Cl-Caspase8 content and PYGL, GLUL and GLUD1 activities and aggravated neuronal damage during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and regulating the S-nitrosylation of RIP3 and its downstream signaling pathway might be a therapeutic target for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhong
- Intensive Care Unit of the Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an 223001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Second Clinical Medical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Second Clinical Medical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Dong Han
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Second Clinical Medical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Hongning Yang
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Second Clinical Medical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Xianliang Yan
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Second Clinical Medical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China; Emergency Medicine Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China.
| | - Shuqun Hu
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Second Clinical Medical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China; Emergency Medicine Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China.
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8
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Wang F, Li S, Rosencrans WM, Cheng KW, Stott GM, Mroczkowski B, Chou TF. Sulforaphane is Synergistic with CB-5083 and Inhibits Colony Formation of CB-5083-Resistant HCT116 Cells. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200030. [PMID: 35451199 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human p97 is a potential drug target in oncology. Mutation-driven drug resistance is an obstacle to the long-term efficacy of targeted therapy. We found that the ATPase activity for one of the CB-5083-resistant p97 mutants was reduced, which also attenuated the degradation of K48 ubiquitinated proteins in cells. To understand how p97 mutant cells with significantly reduced ATPase activity can still grow, we discovered reduced levels of CHOP and NF-κB activation in the p97 mutant cells and these cellular changes can potentially protect HCT116 cells from death due to lowered p97 activity. In addition, the NF-kB inhibitor Sulforaphane reduces proliferation of CB-5083 resistant cells and acts synergistically with CB-5083 to block proliferation of the parental HCT116 cells. The combination of Sulforaphane and CB-5083 may be a useful treatment strategy to combat CB-5083 resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Shan Li
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - William M Rosencrans
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Kai-Wen Cheng
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Gordon M Stott
- NExT Program Support, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Barbara Mroczkowski
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tsui-Fen Chou
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.,Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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9
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Sen E, Kota KP, Panchal RG, Bavari S, Kiris E. Screening of a Focused Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway Inhibitor Library Identifies Small Molecules as Novel Modulators of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Toxicity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:763950. [PMID: 34646144 PMCID: PMC8503599 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.763950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are known as the most potent bacterial toxins, which can cause potentially deadly disease botulism. BoNT Serotype A (BoNT/A) is the most studied serotype as it is responsible for most human botulism cases, and its formulations are extensively utilized in clinics for therapeutic and cosmetic applications. BoNT/A has the longest-lasting effect in neurons compared to other serotypes, and there has been high interest in understanding how BoNT/A manages to escape protein degradation machinery in neurons for months. Recent work demonstrated that an E3 ligase, HECTD2, leads to efficient ubiquitination of the BoNT/A Light Chain (A/LC); however, the dominant activity of a deubiquitinase (DUB), VCIP135, inhibits the degradation of the enzymatic component. Another DUB, USP9X, was also identified as a potential indirect contributor to A/LC degradation. In this study, we screened a focused ubiquitin-proteasome pathway inhibitor library, including VCIP135 and USP9X inhibitors, and identified ten potential lead compounds affecting BoNT/A mediated SNAP-25 cleavage in neurons in pre-intoxication conditions. We then tested the dose-dependent effects of the compounds and their potential toxic effects in cells. A subset of the lead compounds demonstrated efficacy on the stability and ubiquitination of A/LC in cells. Three of the compounds, WP1130 (degrasyn), PR-619, and Celastrol, further demonstrated efficacy against BoNT/A holotoxin in an in vitro post-intoxication model. Excitingly, PR-619 and WP1130 are known inhibitors of VCIP135 and USP9X, respectively. Modulation of BoNT turnover in cells by small molecules can potentially lead to the development of effective countermeasures against botulism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edanur Sen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Krishna P Kota
- Therapeutic Discovery Branch, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Rekha G Panchal
- Therapeutic Discovery Branch, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Sina Bavari
- Edge BioInnovation and Healion Bio, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Erkan Kiris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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10
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Korb MK, Kimonis VE, Mozaffar T. Multisystem proteinopathy: Where myopathy and motor neuron disease converge. Muscle Nerve 2020; 63:442-454. [PMID: 33145792 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multisystem proteinopathy (MSP) is a pleiotropic group of inherited disorders that cause neurodegeneration, myopathy, and bone disease, and share common pathophysiology. Originally referred to as inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD), attributed to mutations in the gene encoding valosin-containing protein (VCP), it has more recently been discovered that there are several other genes responsible for similar clinical and pathological phenotypes with muscle, brain, nerve, and bone involvement, in various combinations. These include heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1 and A1 (hnRNPA2B1, hnRNPA1), sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1), matrin 3 (MATR3), T-cell restricted intracellular antigen 1 (TIA1), and optineurin (OPTN), all of which share disruption of RNA stress granule function and autophagic degradation. This review will discuss each of the genes implicated in MSP, exploring the molecular pathogenesis, clinical features, current standards of care, and future directions for this diverse yet mechanistically linked spectrum of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha K Korb
- Departments of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA
| | - Virginia E Kimonis
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA
| | - Tahseen Mozaffar
- Departments of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA.,Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA.,Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA
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11
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Kim JE, Park H, Lee JE, Kim TH, Kang TC. PTEN Is Required for The Anti-Epileptic Effects of AMPA Receptor Antagonists in Chronic Epileptic Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165643. [PMID: 32781725 PMCID: PMC7460838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) is one of the ligand-gated ion channels for glutamate, which is an important player in the generation and spread of seizures. The efficacy of AMPAR functionality is regulated by the trafficking, synaptic targeting, and phosphorylation. Paradoxically, AMPAR expression and its phosphorylation level are decreased in the epileptic hippocampus. Therefore, the roles of AMPAR in seizure onset and neuronal hyperexcitability in ictogenesis remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we found that AMPAR antagonists (perampanel and GYKI 52466) decreased glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1 (GRIA1) surface expression in the epileptic rat hippocampus. They also upregulated phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) expression and restored to basal levels the upregulated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT1 phosphorylations. Dipotassium bisperoxovanadium(pic) dihydrate (BpV(pic), a PTEN inhibitor) co-treatment abolished the anti-epileptic effects of perampanel and GYKI 52466. Therefore, our findings suggest that PTEN may be required for the anti-epileptic effects of AMPAR antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Hana Park
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Tae-Cheon Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
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12
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Shi W, Ding R, Zhou PP, Fang Y, Wan R, Chen Y, Jin J. Coordinated Actions Between p97 and Cullin-RING Ubiquitin Ligases for Protein Degradation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1217:61-78. [PMID: 31898222 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1025-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases comprise the largest subfamily of ubiquitin ligases. They control ubiquitylation and degradation of a large number of protein substrates in eukaryotes. p97 is an ATPase domain-containing protein segregase. It plays essential roles in post-ubiquitylational events in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Together with its cofactors, p97 collaborates with ubiquitin ligases to extract ubiquitylated substrates and deliver them to the proteasome for proteolysis. Here we review the structure, functions, and mechanisms of p97 in cellular protein degradation in coordination with its cofactors and the cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Shi
- Life Science Institute, Zhejiang University, HangZhou, China
| | - Ran Ding
- Life Science Institute, Zhejiang University, HangZhou, China
| | - Pei Pei Zhou
- Life Science Institute, Zhejiang University, HangZhou, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Life Science Institute, Zhejiang University, HangZhou, China
| | - Ruixi Wan
- Life Science Institute, Zhejiang University, HangZhou, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- Life Science Institute, Zhejiang University, HangZhou, China
| | - Jianping Jin
- Life Science Institute, Zhejiang University, HangZhou, China.
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13
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Carissimo G, Chan YH, Utt A, Chua TK, Bakar FA, Merits A, Ng LFP. VCP/p97 Is a Proviral Host Factor for Replication of Chikungunya Virus and Other Alphaviruses. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2236. [PMID: 31636613 PMCID: PMC6787436 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved AAA+ ATPase valosin-containing protein (VCP) was previously shown to be a proviral host factor for several viruses from different viral families such as Flaviviridae, Picornaviridae, and Herpesviridae. VCP was shown to affect trafficking of Sindbis virus receptor and functions as a component of Semliki Forest virus (SFV) replicase compartment. However, the role of this cellular protein was not evaluated during replication of alphaviruses including chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Using siRNA, chemical inhibitors, and trans-replication assays, we show here that VCP is a proviral factor involved in the replication of CHIKV. Immunofluorescence assays confirmed that VCP co-localized with non-structural replicase proteins but not with dsRNA foci possibly due to VCP epitope unavailability. VCP pro-viral role is also observed with other alphaviruses such as o’nyong’nyong virus (ONNV) and SFV in different human cell lines. VCP proviral roles on several viral families now extend to replication of alphaviruses CHIKV and ONNV, emphasizing the pivotal role of VCP in virus–host interaction biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Carissimo
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi-Hao Chan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Age Utt
- Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tze-Kwang Chua
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Farhana Abu Bakar
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andres Merits
- Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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14
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Long XH, Zhou YF, Lan M, Huang SH, Li Liu Z, Shu Y. Valosin-containing protein promotes metastasis of osteosarcoma through autophagy induction and anoikis inhibition via the ERK/NF-κβ/beclin-1 signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:3823-3829. [PMID: 31516594 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Valosin-containing protein (VCP) promotes the development of metastasis in osteosarcoma (OS) via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. However, inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway does not completely reverse VCP-mediated invasion and migration of OS, suggesting that VCP-mediated OS invasion and migration involves additional mechanisms. In the present study, a positive correlation between the expression of VCP and cell autophagy was observed among OS tissues. Inhibiting VCP may decrease the survival of malignant cells; however, an autophagy stimulator may compensate for VCP inhibition and promote malignant cell survival. Altering the level of autophagy did not affect cell invasiveness or migration. ERK, NF-κβ and beclin-1 protein expression levels were markedly decreased following VCP inhibition. These findings indicated that VCP may induce autophagy and enhance anoikis resistance without affecting cell invasiveness or migration. Via anoikis resistance, VCP may promote metastasis in OS. Therefore, targeting of the ERK/NF-κβ/beclin-1 signaling pathway may be an effective therapeutic strategy for the management of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hua Long
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yun Fei Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Min Lan
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Shan Hu Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Li Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yong Shu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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15
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Ballar Kırmızıbayrak P, Erbaykent Tepedelen B. Endoplazmik retikulum-aracılı protein yıkım yolağında görev yapan p97/VCP ve Ufd1-Npl4 adlı proteinlerin NF-κB yolağına etkisinin prostat kanser hücre hattında incelenmesi. EGE TIP DERGISI 2019. [DOI: 10.19161/etd.418150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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16
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PYR-41 and Thalidomide Impair Dendritic Cell Cross-Presentation by Inhibiting Myddosome Formation and Attenuating the Endosomal Recruitments of p97 and Sec61 via NF- κB Inactivation. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:5070573. [PMID: 30069488 PMCID: PMC6057288 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5070573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PYR-41 and thalidomide have therapeutic effects on inflammation-associated diseases with side effects such as tumorigenesis. Cross-presentation allows dendritic cells (DC) to present endogenous antigen and induce protective immunity against microbe infection and tumors. But, up to now, the effects of PYR-41 and thalidomide on cross-presentation are still uncertain. In this study, we investigated the effect and mechanism of PYR-41 and thalidomide on DC cross-presentation by observing Myddosome formation, endosomal recruitment of p97 and Sec61, NF-κB activation, and cross-priming ability. We demonstrated that the inhibition of endosomal recruitment of p97 and Sec61, together with attenuated NF-κB activation and Myddosome formation, contributes to PYR-41- and thalidomide-impaired cross-presentation and thereby reverses cross-activation of T cells. These observations suggest that NF-κB signaling and p97 and Sec61 molecules are candidates for dealing with the side effects of PYR-41 and thalidomide.
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17
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Lork M, Kreike M, Staal J, Beyaert R. Importance of Validating Antibodies and Small Compound Inhibitors Using Genetic Knockout Studies-T Cell Receptor-Induced CYLD Phosphorylation by IKKε/TBK1 as a Case Study. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:40. [PMID: 29755980 PMCID: PMC5932415 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CYLD is a deubiquitinating enzyme that plays a crucial role in immunity and inflammation as a negative regulator of NF-κB transcription factor and JNK kinase signaling. Defects in either of these pathways contribute to the progression of numerous inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Therefore, we set out to unravel molecular mechanisms that control CYLD activity in the context of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. More specifically, we focused on CYLD phosphorylation at Ser418, which can be detected upon immunoblotting of cell extracts with phospho(Ser418)-CYLD specific antibodies. Jurkat T cells stimulated with either anti-CD3/anti-CD28 or PMA/Ionomycin (to mimic TCR signaling) were used as a model system. The role of specific kinases was analyzed using pharmacological as well as genetic approaches. Our initial data indicated that CYLD is directly phosphorylated by the noncanonical IκB kinases (IKKs) IKKε and TANK Binding Kinase 1 (TBK1) at Ser418 upon TCR stimulation. Treatment with MRT67307, a small compound inhibitor for IKKε and TBK1, inhibited TCR-induced CYLD phosphorylation. However, the phospho(Ser418)-CYLD immunoreactive band was still present in CRISPR/Cas9 generated IKKε/TBK1 double knockout cell lines, where it could still be prevented by MRT67307, indicating that the initially observed inhibitory effect of MRT67307 on TCR-induced CYLD phosphorylation is IKKε/TBK1-independent. Most surprisingly, the phospho(Ser418)-CYLD immunoreactive band was still detectable upon immunoblotting of cell extracts obtained from CYLD deficient cells. These data demonstrate the non-specificity of MRT67307 and phospho(Ser418)-CYLD specific antibodies, implying that previously published results based on these tools may also have led to wrong conclusions. We therefore advise to use genetic knockout studies or alternative approaches for a better validation of antibodies and small compound inhibitors. Interestingly, immunoprecipitation with the phospho(Ser418)-CYLD antibody, followed by immunoblotting with anti-CYLD, revealed that CYLD is phosphorylated by IKKε/TBK1 at Ser418 upon T cell stimulation, but that its direct detection with the phospho(Ser418)-CYLD-specific antibody in a western blot is masked by another inducible protein of the same size that is recognized by the same antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lork
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marja Kreike
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jens Staal
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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18
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The AAA+ ATPase p97, a cellular multitool. Biochem J 2017; 474:2953-2976. [PMID: 28819009 PMCID: PMC5559722 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The AAA+ (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) ATPase p97 is essential to a wide range of cellular functions, including endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation, membrane fusion, NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) activation and chromatin-associated processes, which are regulated by ubiquitination. p97 acts downstream from ubiquitin signaling events and utilizes the energy from ATP hydrolysis to extract its substrate proteins from cellular structures or multiprotein complexes. A multitude of p97 cofactors have evolved which are essential to p97 function. Ubiquitin-interacting domains and p97-binding domains combine to form bi-functional cofactors, whose complexes with p97 enable the enzyme to interact with a wide range of ubiquitinated substrates. A set of mutations in p97 have been shown to cause the multisystem proteinopathy inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget's disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia. In addition, p97 inhibition has been identified as a promising approach to provoke proteotoxic stress in tumors. In this review, we will describe the cellular processes governed by p97, how the cofactors interact with both p97 and its ubiquitinated substrates, p97 enzymology and the current status in developing p97 inhibitors for cancer therapy.
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19
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Schimmack G, Schorpp K, Kutzner K, Gehring T, Brenke JK, Hadian K, Krappmann D. YOD1/TRAF6 association balances p62-dependent IL-1 signaling to NF-κB. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28244869 PMCID: PMC5340530 DOI: 10.7554/elife.22416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin ligase TRAF6 is a key regulator of canonical IκB kinase (IKK)/NF-κB signaling in response to interleukin-1 (IL-1) stimulation. Here, we identified the deubiquitinating enzyme YOD1 (OTUD2) as a novel interactor of TRAF6 in human cells. YOD1 binds to the C-terminal TRAF homology domain of TRAF6 that also serves as the interaction surface for the adaptor p62/Sequestosome-1, which is required for IL-1 signaling to NF-κB. We show that YOD1 competes with p62 for TRAF6 association and abolishes the sequestration of TRAF6 to cytosolic p62 aggregates by a non-catalytic mechanism. YOD1 associates with TRAF6 in unstimulated cells but is released upon IL-1β stimulation, thereby facilitating TRAF6 auto-ubiquitination as well as NEMO/IKKγ substrate ubiquitination. Further, IL-1 triggered IKK/NF-κB signaling and induction of target genes is decreased by YOD1 overexpression and augmented after YOD1 depletion. Hence, our data define that YOD1 antagonizes TRAF6/p62-dependent IL-1 signaling to NF-κB. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22416.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Schimmack
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kenji Schorpp
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kutzner
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Torben Gehring
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jara Kerstin Brenke
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kamyar Hadian
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Krappmann
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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20
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Yazdi S, Naumann M, Stein M. Double phosphorylation-induced structural changes in the signal-receiving domain of IκBα in complex with NF-κB. Proteins 2016; 85:17-29. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.25181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Yazdi
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Molecular Simulations and Design Group; Sandtorstrasse 1 39106 Magdeburg Germany
| | - Michael Naumann
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg; Leipziger Strasse 44 39120 Magdeburg Germany
| | - Matthias Stein
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Molecular Simulations and Design Group; Sandtorstrasse 1 39106 Magdeburg Germany
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