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Kadasah SF, Alqahtani AMS, Alkhammash A, Radwan MO. Beyond Psychotropic: Potential Repurposing of Fluoxetine toward Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6314. [PMID: 38928021 PMCID: PMC11203592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing, rebranding an existing drug for a new therapeutic indication, is deemed a beneficial approach for a quick and cost-effective drug discovery process by skipping preclinical, Phase 1 trials and pharmacokinetic studies. Several psychotropic drugs, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), were studied for their potential application in different diseases, especially in cancer therapy. Fluoxetine (FLX) is one of the most prescribed psychotropic agents from the SSRIs class for the treatment of several neuropsychiatric disorders with a favorable safety profile. FLX exhibited different oncolytic effects via mechanisms distinct from its main serotonergic activity. Taking advantage of its ability to rapidly penetrate the blood-brain barrier, FLX could be particularly useful in brain tumors. This was proved by different in vitro and in vivo experiments using FLX as a monotherapy or combination with temozolomide (TMZ) or radiotherapy. In this review of the literature, we summarize the potential pleiotropic oncolytic roles of FLX against different cancers, highlighting the multifaceted activities of FLX and its ability to interrupt cancer proliferation via several molecular mechanisms and even surmount multidrug resistance (MDR). We elaborated on the successful synergistic combinations such as FXR/temozolomide and FXR/raloxifene for the treatment of glioblastoma and breast cancer, respectively. We showcased beneficial pharmaceutical trials to load FLX onto carriers to enhance its safety and efficacy on cancer cells. This is the first review article extensively summarizing all previous FLX repurposing studies for the management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan F. Kadasah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 551, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M. S. Alqahtani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 551, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alkhammash
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed O. Radwan
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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Bahojb Mahdavi SZ, Pouladi N, Amini M, Baradaran B, Najafi S, Vaghef Mehrabani S, Yari A, Ghobadi Alamdari S, Mokhtarzadeh AA. Let-7a-3p overexpression increases chemosensitivity to carmustine and synergistically promotes autophagy and suppresses cell survival in U87MG glioblastoma cancer cells. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03060-4. [PMID: 38587542 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
In terms of primary brain tumors, glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive and common brain tumors. The high resistance of glioblastoma to chemotherapy has made it vital to find alternative treatments and biological mechanisms to reduce the survival of cancer cells. Given that, the objective of the present research was to explore the potential of let-7a-3p when used in combination with carmustine in human glioblastoma cancer cells. Based on previous studies, the expression of let-7a is downregulated in the U87MG cell line. Let-7a-3p transfected into U87MG glioblastoma cells. Cell viability of the cells was assessed by MTT assay. The apoptotic induction in U87MG cancerous cells was determined through the utilization of DAPI and Annexin V/PI staining techniques. Moreover, the induction of autophagy and cell cycle arrest was evaluated by flow cytometry. Furthermore, cell migration was evaluated by the wound healing assay while colony formation assay was conducted to evaluate colony formation. Also, the expression of the relevant genes was evaluated using qRT-PCR. Transfection of let-7a-3p mimic in U87MG cells increased the expression of the miRNA and also increased the sensitivity of U87MG cells to carmustine. Let-7a-3p and carmustine induced sub-G1 and S phase cell cycle arrest, respectively. Combination treatment of let-7a-3p and carmustine synergistically increased arrested cells and induced apoptosis through regulating involved genes including P53, caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Bax. Combined treatment with let-7a-3p and carmustine also induced autophagy and increased the expression of the ATG5 and Beclin 1 (ATG6). Furthermore, let-7a-3p combined with carmustine inhibited cell migration via decreasing the expression of MMP-2. Moreover, the combination therapy decreased the ability of U87MG to form colonies through downregulating CD-44. In conclusion, our work suggests that combining let-7a-3p replacement therapy with carmustine treatment could be considered a promising strategy in treatment and can increase efficiency of glioblastoma chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Zahra Bahojb Mahdavi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasser Pouladi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amini
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Souzan Najafi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shiva Vaghef Mehrabani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Yari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sania Ghobadi Alamdari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
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Qin Y, Xiong S, Ren J, Sethi G. Autophagy machinery in glioblastoma: The prospect of cell death crosstalk and drug resistance with bioinformatics analysis. Cancer Lett 2024; 580:216482. [PMID: 37977349 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumors are common malignancies with high mortality and morbidity in which glioblastoma (GB) is a grade IV astrocytoma with heterogeneous nature. The conventional therapeutics for the GB mainly include surgery and chemotherapy, however their efficacy has been compromised due to the aggressiveness of tumor cells. The dysregulation of cell death mechanisms, especially autophagy has been reported as a factor causing difficulties in cancer therapy. As a mechanism contributing to cell homeostasis, the autophagy process is hijacked by tumor cells for the purpose of aggravating cancer progression and drug resistance. The autophagy function is context-dependent and its role can be lethal or protective in cancer. The aim of the current paper is to highlight the role of autophagy in the regulation of GB progression. The cytotoxic function of autophagy can promote apoptosis and ferroptosis in GB cells and vice versa. Autophagy dysregulation can cause drug resistance and radioresistance in GB. Moreover, stemness can be regulated by autophagy and overall growth as well as metastasis are affected by autophagy. The various interventions including administration of synthetic/natural products and nanoplatforms can target autophagy. Therefore, autophagy can act as a promising target in GB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qin
- Department of Lab, Chifeng Cancer Hospital (The 2nd Afflicted Hospital of Chifeng University), Chifeng University, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 024000, China.
| | - Shengjun Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
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Karmakar S, Lal G. Role of Serotonergic System in Regulating Brain Tumor-Associated Neuroinflammatory Responses. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2761:181-207. [PMID: 38427238 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Serotonin signaling regulates wide arrays of both neural and extra-neural functions. Serotonin is also found to affect cancer progression directly as well as indirectly by modulating the immune cells. In the brain, serotonin plays a key role in regulating various functions; disturbance of the normal activities of serotonin leads to various mental illnesses, including the neuroinflammatory response in the central nervous system (CNS). The neuroinflammatory response can be initiated in various psychological illnesses and brain cancer. Serotonergic signaling can impact the functions of both glial as well as the immune cells. It can also affect the tumor immune microenvironment and the inflammatory response associated with brain cancers. Apart from this, many drugs used for treatment of psychological illness are known to modulate serotonergic system and can cross the blood-brain barrier. Understanding the role of serotonergic pathways in regulating neuroinflammatory response and brain cancer will provide a new paradigm in modulating the serotonergic components in treating brain cancer and associated inflammation-induced brain damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surojit Karmakar
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), SPPU Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Girdhari Lal
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), SPPU Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
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He L, Fu Y, Tian Y, Wang X, Zhou X, Ding RB, Qi X, Bao J. Antidepressants as Autophagy Modulators for Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2023; 28:7594. [PMID: 38005316 PMCID: PMC10673223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major global public health problem with high morbidity. Depression is known to be a high-frequency complication of cancer diseases that decreases patients' life quality and increases the mortality rate. Therefore, antidepressants are often used as a complementary treatment during cancer therapy. During recent decades, various studies have shown that the combination of antidepressants and anticancer drugs increases treatment efficiency. In recent years, further emerging evidence has suggested that the modulation of autophagy serves as one of the primary anticancer mechanisms for antidepressants to suppress tumor growth. In this review, we introduce the anticancer potential of antidepressants, including tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). In particular, we focus on their autophagy-modulating mechanisms for regulating autophagosome formation and lysosomal degradation. We also discuss the prospect of repurposing antidepressants as anticancer agents. It is promising to repurpose antidepressants for cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leping He
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.H.); (Y.F.); (Y.T.); (R.-B.D.); (X.Q.)
| | - Yuanfeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.H.); (Y.F.); (Y.T.); (R.-B.D.); (X.Q.)
| | - Yuxi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.H.); (Y.F.); (Y.T.); (R.-B.D.); (X.Q.)
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xuejun Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Ren-Bo Ding
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.H.); (Y.F.); (Y.T.); (R.-B.D.); (X.Q.)
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Xingzhu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.H.); (Y.F.); (Y.T.); (R.-B.D.); (X.Q.)
| | - Jiaolin Bao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.H.); (Y.F.); (Y.T.); (R.-B.D.); (X.Q.)
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
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Role of nerves in neurofibromatosis type 1-related nervous system tumors. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:1137-1153. [PMID: 36327093 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that affects nearly 1 in 3000 infants. Neurofibromin inactivation and NF1 gene mutations are involved in various aspects of neuronal function regulation, including neuronal development induction, electrophysiological activity elevation, growth factor expression, and neurotransmitter release. NF1 patients often exhibit a predisposition to tumor development, especially in the nervous system, resulting in the frequent occurrence of peripheral nerve sheath tumors and gliomas. Recent evidence suggests that nerves play a role in the development of multiple tumor types, prompting researchers to investigate the nerve as a vital component in and regulator of the initiation and progression of NF1-related nervous system tumors. CONCLUSION In this review, we summarize existing evidence about the specific effects of NF1 mutation on neurons and emerging research on the role of nerves in neurological tumor development, promising a new set of selective and targeted therapies for NF1-related tumors.
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Neurotransmitters: Potential Targets in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163970. [PMID: 36010960 PMCID: PMC9406056 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aiming to discover potential treatments for GBM, this review connects emerging research on the roles of neurotransmitters in the normal neural and the GBM microenvironments and sheds light on the prospects of their application in the neuropharmacology of GBM. Conventional therapy is blamed for its poor effect, especially in inhibiting tumor recurrence and invasion. Facing this dilemma, we focus on neurotransmitters that modulate GBM initiation, progression and invasion, hoping to provide novel therapy targeting GBM. By analyzing research concerning GBM therapy systematically and scientifically, we discover increasing insights into the regulatory effects of neurotransmitters, some of which have already shown great potential in research in vivo or in vitro. After that, we further summarize the potential drugs in correlation with previously published research. In summary, it is worth expecting that targeting neurotransmitters could be a promising novel pharmacological approach for GBM treatment. Abstract For decades, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a type of the most lethal brain tumor, has remained a formidable challenge in terms of its treatment. Recently, many novel discoveries have underlined the regulatory roles of neurotransmitters in the microenvironment both physiologically and pathologically. By targeting the receptors synaptically or non-synaptically, neurotransmitters activate multiple signaling pathways. Significantly, many ligands acting on neurotransmitter receptors have shown great potential for inhibiting GBM growth and development, requiring further research. Here, we provide an overview of the most novel advances concerning the role of neurotransmitters in the normal neural and the GBM microenvironments, and discuss potential targeted drugs used for GBM treatment.
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Protective Effect of Escitalopram on Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Inducing Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169247. [PMID: 36012510 PMCID: PMC9408912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis. Although recent research has indicated that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), including escitalopram, have anticancer effects, little is known about the effects of escitalopram on HCC. Methods: Both in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to verify the potentials of escitalopram on HCC treatment. To explore whether the effects of escitalopram are clinically consistent with laboratory findings, a nationwide population-based cohort study was also adopted to examine the association between escitalopram and HCC risk. Results: As compared with THLE-3 cells, escitalopram significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 and Huh-7 cells. Specifically, escitalopram significantly induced autophagy in HepG2 and Huh-7 cells by increasing the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and the expression of ATG-3, ATG-5, ATG-7, and Beclin-1 proteins. Moreover, escitalopram significantly inhibited the growth of xenografted Huh-7 cells in SCID mice that were treated with 12.5 mg/kg escitalopram. Accordingly, the risk of HCC was negatively correlated with escitalopram use. Conclusions: These findings provided evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of escitalopram for HCC. Both laboratory and nationwide population-based cohort evidence demonstrated the attenuated effects of escitalopram on HCC.
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Chen VCH, Hsu TC, Lin CF, Huang JY, Chen YL, Tzang BS, McIntyre RS. Association of Risperidone With Gastric Cancer: Triangulation Method From Cell Study, Animal Study, and Cohort Study. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:846455. [PMID: 35444540 PMCID: PMC9013946 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.846455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To examine the effects of risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic agent, on gastric cancer. Methods: A triangulation method comprising bench studies, including cell and animal experiments, and a retrospective cohort study, was subsequently performed. Results: The bench study indicated that risperidone exerted more prominent tumor inhibition effects than other atypical antipsychotics on the proliferation of KATO-III cells, a human gastric cancer cell line. Significant and dose-dependent cell viability was observed in Hs27 cells (control cells) in the presence of risperidone compared with in KATO-III cells. Both in vivo and in vitro results indicated that risperidone significantly inhibited the proliferation of KATO-III cells by inducing ROS and apoptosis, and that it suppressed the growth of xenografted KATO-III tumors in nude mice. In addition, the population-based cohort study found that risperidone users had reduced risks of gastric cancer compared with non-users, with lowered adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for two induction periods (HR = 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68-0.83 for the one-year induction period, and HR = 0.68; 95% CI 0.61-0.75 for the two-year induction period). Conclusion: The findings are consistent with anticancer effects associated with risperidone, but further research and evaluations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Chin-Hung Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ching Hsu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Fan Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Child Psychiatry, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yu Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lung Chen
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Show Tzang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung , Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Petrosyan E, Fares J, Cordero A, Rashidi A, Arrieta VA, Kanojia D, Lesniak MS. Repurposing Autophagy Regulators in Brain Tumors. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:167-180. [PMID: 35179776 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Malignant brain tumors, such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and brain metastases, continue to be an unmet medical challenge. Despite advances in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics, tumor cell colonization in the central nervous system (CNS) renders most treatment options ineffective. This is primarily due to the selective permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which hinders the crossing of targeting agents into the brain. As such, repositioning medications that demonstrate anti-cancer effects and possess the ability to cross the BBB can be a promising option. Antidepressants, which are BBB-permeable, have been reported to exhibit cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Autophagy, specifically, has been identified as one of the common key mediators of antidepressant's antitumor effects. In this work, we provide a comprehensive overview of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antidepressants with reported cytotoxic activities in different tumor models, where autophagy dysregulation was demonstrated to play the main part. As such, imipramine, maprotiline, fluoxetine and escitalopram were shown to induce autophagy, whereas nortriptyline, clomipramine and paroxetine were identified as autophagy inhibitors. Sertraline and desipramine, depending on the neoplastic context, were demonstrated to either induce or inhibit autophagy. Collectively, these medications were associated with favorable therapeutic outcomes in a variety of cancer cell models, including brain tumors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Petrosyan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jawad Fares
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alex Cordero
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Aida Rashidi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Víctor A Arrieta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Deepak Kanojia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Cairns LV, Lappin KM, Mutch A, Ali A, Matchett KB, Mills KI. Multiplex Screening for Interacting Compounds in Paediatric Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10163. [PMID: 34576326 PMCID: PMC8468645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease characterised by the malignant transformation of myeloid precursor cells with impaired differentiation. Standard therapy for paediatric AML has remained largely unchanged for over four decades and, combined with inadequate understanding of the biology of paediatric AML, has limited the progress of targeted therapies in this cohort. In recent years, the search for novel targets for the treatment of paediatric AML has accelerated in parallel with advanced genomic technologies which explore the mutational and transcriptional landscape of this disease. Exploiting the large combinatorial space of existing drugs provides an untapped resource for the identification of potential combination therapies for the treatment of paediatric AML. We have previously designed a multiplex screening strategy known as Multiplex Screening for Interacting Compounds in AML (MuSICAL); using an algorithm designed in-house, we screened all pairings of 384 FDA-approved compounds in less than 4000 wells by pooling drugs into 10 compounds per well. This approach maximised the probability of identifying new compound combinations with therapeutic potential while minimising cost, replication and redundancy. This screening strategy identified the triple combination of glimepiride, a sulfonylurea; pancuronium dibromide, a neuromuscular blocking agent; and vinblastine sulfate, a vinca alkaloid, as a potential therapy for paediatric AML. We envision that this approach can be used for a variety of disease-relevant screens allowing the efficient repurposing of drugs that can be rapidly moved into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren V. Cairns
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK; (K.M.L.); (A.A.); (K.I.M.)
| | - Katrina M. Lappin
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK; (K.M.L.); (A.A.); (K.I.M.)
| | - Alexander Mutch
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, C-TRIC, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, Glenshane Road, Derry/Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK; (A.M.); (K.B.M.)
| | - Ahlam Ali
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK; (K.M.L.); (A.A.); (K.I.M.)
| | - Kyle B. Matchett
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, C-TRIC, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, Glenshane Road, Derry/Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK; (A.M.); (K.B.M.)
| | - Ken I. Mills
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK; (K.M.L.); (A.A.); (K.I.M.)
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Abadi B, Shahsavani Y, Faramarzpour M, Rezaei N, Rahimi HR. Antidepressants with anti-tumor potential in treating glioblastoma: A narrative review. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 36:35-48. [PMID: 34212424 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is known as the deadliest form of brain tumor. In addition, its high treatment resistance, heterogeneity, and invasiveness make it one of the most challenging tumors. Depression is a common psychological disorder among patients with cancer, especially GBM. Due to the high occurrence rates of depression in GBM patients and the overlap of molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases, finding antidepressants with antitumor effects could be considered as an affordable strategy for the treatment of GBM. Antidepressants exert their antitumor properties through different mechanisms. According to available evidence in this regard, some of them can eliminate the adverse effects resulting from chemo-radiotherapy in several cancers along with their synergistic effects caused by chemotherapy. Therefore, providing comprehensive insight into this issue would guide scientists and physicians in developing further preclinical studies and clinical trials, in order to evaluate antidepressants' antitumor potential. Considering that no narrative review has been recently published on this issue, specifically on these classes of drugs, we present this article with the purpose of describing the antitumor cellular mechanisms of three classes of antidepressants as follows: tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banafshe Abadi
- Brain Cancer Research Core (BCRC), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Yasamin Shahsavani
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahsa Faramarzpour
- Brain Cancer Research Core (BCRC), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid-Reza Rahimi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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13
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D’Alessandro G, Lauro C, Quaglio D, Ghirga F, Botta B, Trettel F, Limatola C. Neuro-Signals from Gut Microbiota: Perspectives for Brain Glioma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2810. [PMID: 34199968 PMCID: PMC8200200 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form of glioma tumor in adult brain. Among the numerous factors responsible for GBM cell proliferation and invasion, neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin and glutamate can play key roles. Studies performed in mice housed in germ-free (GF) conditions demonstrated the relevance of the gut-brain axis in a number of physiological and pathological conditions. The gut-brain communication is made possible by vagal/nervous and blood/lymphatic routes and pave the way for reciprocal modulation of functions. The gut microbiota produces and consumes a wide range of molecules, including neurotransmitters (dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], and glutamate) that reach their cellular targets through the bloodstream. Growing evidence in animals suggests that modulation of these neurotransmitters by the microbiota impacts host neurophysiology and behavior, and affects neural cell progenitors and glial cells, along with having effects on tumor cell growth. In this review we propose a new perspective connecting neurotransmitter modulation by gut microbiota to glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina D’Alessandro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (C.L.); (F.T.)
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Clotilde Lauro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (C.L.); (F.T.)
| | - Deborah Quaglio
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence 2018−2022”, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.Q.); (F.G.); (B.B.)
| | - Francesca Ghirga
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence 2018−2022”, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.Q.); (F.G.); (B.B.)
| | - Bruno Botta
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence 2018−2022”, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.Q.); (F.G.); (B.B.)
| | - Flavia Trettel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (C.L.); (F.T.)
| | - Cristina Limatola
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, 00185 Rome, Italy
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14
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Reddy AP, Yin X, Sawant N, Reddy PH. Protective effects of antidepressant citalopram against abnormal APP processing and amyloid beta-induced mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, mitophagy and synaptic toxicities in Alzheimer's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:847-864. [PMID: 33615359 PMCID: PMC8355469 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to study the neuroprotective role of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), citalopram, against Alzheimer's disease (AD). Multiple SSRIs, including citalopram, are reported to treat patients with depression, anxiety and AD. However, their protective cellular mechanisms have not been studied completely. In the current study, we investigated the protective role of citalopram against impaired mitochondrial dynamics, defective mitochondrial biogenesis, defective mitophagy and synaptic dysfunction in immortalized mouse primary hippocampal cells (HT22) expressing mutant APP (SWI/IND) mutations. Using quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblotting, biochemical methods and transmission electron microscopy methods, we assessed mutant full-length APP/C-terminal fragments and Aβ levels and mRNA and protein levels of mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, mitophagy and synaptic genes in mAPP-HT22 cells and mAPP-HT22 cells treated with citalopram. Increased levels of mRNA levels of mitochondrial fission genes, decreased levels of fusion biogenesis, autophagy, mitophagy and synaptic genes were found in mAPP-HT22 cells relative to WT-HT22 cells. However, mAPP-HT22 cells treated with citalopram compared to mAPP-HT22 cells revealed reduced levels of the mitochondrial fission genes, increased fusion, biogenesis, autophagy, mitophagy and synaptic genes. Our protein data agree with mRNA levels. Transmission electron microscopy revealed significantly increased mitochondrial numbers and reduced mitochondrial length in mAPP-HT22 cells; these were reversed in citalopram-treated mAPP-HT22 cells. Cell survival rates were increased in citalopram-treated mAPP-HT22 relative to citalopram-untreated mAPP-HT22. Further, mAPP and C-terminal fragments werealso reduced in citalopram-treated cells. These findings suggest that citalopram reduces mutant APP and Aβ and mitochondrial toxicities and may have a protective role of mutant APP and Aβ-induced injuries in patients with depression, anxiety and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arubala P Reddy
- Nutritional Sciences Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Xiangling Yin
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Neha Sawant
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Pharmacology & Neuroscience Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Neurology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Departments, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Public Health Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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15
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Balakrishna P, George S, Hatoum H, Mukherjee S. Serotonin Pathway in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1268. [PMID: 33525332 PMCID: PMC7865972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a biogenic monoamine produced from the essential amino acid tryptophan. Serotonin's role as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and a motility mediator in the gastrointestinal tract has been well defined, and its function in tumorigenesis in various cancers (gliomas, carcinoids, and carcinomas) is being studied. Many studies have shown a potential stimulatory effect of serotonin on cancer cell proliferation, invasion, dissemination, and tumor angiogenesis. Although the underlying mechanism is complex, it is proposed that serotonin levels in the tumor and its interaction with specific receptor subtypes are associated with disease progression. This review article describes serotonin's role in cancer pathogenesis and the utility of the serotonin pathway as a potential therapeutic target in cancer treatment. Octreotide, an inhibitor of serotonin release, is used in well-differentiated neuroendocrine cancers, and the tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) inhibitor, telotristat, is currently being investigated in clinical trials to treat patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors and advanced cholangiocarcinoma. Several in vitro studies have shown the anticancer effect of 5-HT receptor antagonists in various cancers such as prostate cancer, breast cancer, urinary bladder, colorectal cancer, carcinoid, and small-cell lung cancer. More in vivo studies are needed to assess serotonin's role in cancer and its potential use as an anticancer therapeutic target. Serotonin is also being evaluated for its immunoregulatory properties, and studies have shown its potential anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, it would be of interest to explore the combination of serotonin antagonists with immunotherapy in the future.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/pathology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cholangiocarcinoma/blood supply
- Cholangiocarcinoma/drug therapy
- Cholangiocarcinoma/metabolism
- Cholangiocarcinoma/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Octreotide/therapeutic use
- Phenylalanine/analogs & derivatives
- Phenylalanine/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Serotonin/genetics
- Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism
- Serotonin/metabolism
- Serotonin Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Tryptophan Hydroxylase/genetics
- Tryptophan Hydroxylase/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragathi Balakrishna
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Sagila George
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Hassan Hatoum
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.B.); (S.G.)
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16
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Cheng ZJ, Cai HQ, Zhang MJ, Zhong Y, He J, Yuan Q, Hao JJ, Wang MR, Wan JH. High S phase kinase-associated protein 2 expression is a potential prognostic biomarker for glioma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2788-2796. [PMID: 32782596 PMCID: PMC7400960 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
S phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2), a substrate recognizing protein, serves an important role in promoting cell cycle progression through ubiquitination and degradation of cell cycle inhibitors. In the present study, the clinical significance of SKP2 in gliomas was studied; 395 glioma specimens and 20 non-neoplastic tissues were collected and immunohistochemical analysis was performed. χ2 test was used to assess the associations between SKP2 expression and clinical parameters. Overall survival (OS) curves were plotted according to the Kaplan-Meier method. In the tested glioma samples, SKP2 expression was mainly observed in glioblastomas (GBMs). Survival analysis demonstrated that the overall survival time of the high SKP2 expression group was lower compared with the low SKP2 expression group (median OS, 10.04 months vs. 16.50 months; P=0.003). Moreover, SKP2 was independently associated with an unfavorable prognosis in GBMs. In addition, the expression of SKP2 was associated with the expression of phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein and the epidermal growth factor receptor. A combination of SKP2 expression along with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations was used to classify glioma patients for survival analysis. Patients with low SKP2 expression, IDH1 mutation and wild-type TERT promoter demonstrated the longest survival time. The findings of the present study, indicate that SKP2 is a potential prognostic biomarker in patients with GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jian Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China.,Department of State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Qing Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Min-Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China.,Department of State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China.,Department of State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China.,Department of State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Jie Hao
- Department of State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Rong Wang
- Department of State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Hai Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
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17
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Chen VCH, Hsieh YH, Lin TC, Lu ML, Liao YT, Yang YH, Hsu TC, Stewart R, Weng JC, Lee MJ, Chiu WC, Tzang BS. New Use for Old Drugs: The Protective Effect of Risperidone on Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061560. [PMID: 32545657 PMCID: PMC7352868 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The potential of old drugs in novel indications is being greatly valued. We propose a triple-model study involving population-based, cell, and animal studies to investigate the effects of risperidone, a type of second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) drug, on colorectal cancer. (2) Methods: We used data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database between 1997 and 2013 to compare 101,989 patients with colorectal cancer and 101,989 controls. Conditional logistic regression analyses were used to explore the association between SGA exposure and the risk of colorectal cancer. The following bench studies were performed to evaluate the findings of the population-based study. (3) Results: We found that SGAs had been less commonly used in colorectal cancer patients than in controls. The colorectal cancer risk was reduced with an increase in the cumulative defined daily dose (cDDD) of SGAs. The adjusted odds ratio of antipsychotic use for cDDD days was 0.32 (95% CI: 0.25–0.42). Risperidone exhibited the most prominent tumor inhibition effect in a cell screen study. Bench data revealed that risperidone significantly induced apoptosis and elevated intracellular ROS in human SW480 cells and suppressed the proliferation of the xenografted SW480 tumor in nude mice. (4) Conclusion: This triple-model study demonstrates the association between risperidone usage and a lower risk of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Chin-Hung Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan; (V.C.-H.C.); (J.-C.W.); (M.-J.L.)
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Hsuan Hsieh
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taoyuan, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chin Lin
- Bethel Psychiatric Clinic, Taipei 11074, Taiwan;
| | - Mong-Liang Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan;
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11042, Taiwan
| | - Yin-To Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung Shan Medical University, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan;
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ching Hsu
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Robert Stewart
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - Jun-Cheng Weng
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan; (V.C.-H.C.); (J.-C.W.); (M.-J.L.)
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Min-Jing Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan; (V.C.-H.C.); (J.-C.W.); (M.-J.L.)
| | - Wei-Che Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10686, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24257, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Show Tzang
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2324-8168
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18
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Wu J, Su HK, Yu ZH, Xi SY, Guo CC, Hu ZY, Qu Y, Cai HP, Zhao YY, Zhao HF, Chen FR, Huang YF, To SST, Feng BH, Sai K, Chen ZP, Wang J. Skp2 modulates proliferation, senescence and tumorigenesis of glioma. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:71. [PMID: 32165861 PMCID: PMC7059397 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-1144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gliomas represent the largest class of primary central nervous system neoplasms, many subtypes of which exhibit poor prognoses. Surgery followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy has been used as a standard strategy but yielded unsatisfactory improvements in patient survival outcomes. The S-phase kinase protein 2 (Skp2), a critical component of the E3-ligase SCF complex, has been documented in tumorigenesis in various cancer types but its role in glioma has yet to be fully clarified. In this study, we investigated the function of Skp2 in the proliferation, stem cell maintenance, and drug sensitivity to temozolomide (TMZ) of glioma. Methods To investigate the role of Skp2 in the prognosis of patients with glioma, we first analyzed data in databases TCGA and GTEx. To further clarify the effect of Skp2 on glioma cell proliferation, we suppressed its level in glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines through knockdown and small molecule inhibitors (lovastatin and SZL-P1-41). We then detected cell growth, colony formation, sphere formation, drug sensitivity, and in vivo tumor formation in xenograft mice model. Results Skp2 mRNA level was higher in both low-grade glioma and GBM than normal brain tissues. The knockdown of Skp2 increased cell sensitivity to TMZ, decreased cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. In addition, Skp2 level was found increased upon stem cells enriching, while the knockdown of Skp2 led to reduced sphere numbers. Downregulation of Skp2 also induced senescence. Repurposing of lovastatin and novel compound SZL-P1-41 suppressed Skp2 effectively, and enhanced glioma cell sensitivity to TMZ in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion Our data demonstrated that Skp2 modulated glioma cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, stem cell maintenance, and cell sensitivity to TMZ, which indicated that Skp2 could be a potential target for long-term treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wu
- 1Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Kai Su
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hui Yu
- 1Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Yan Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Yu Hu
- 3Department of Breast Cancer Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, 410013 People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Qu
- 4Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ping Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ying Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Fu Zhao
- 5Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Rong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Fan Huang
- 1Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Shing-Shun Tony To
- 6Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Hong Feng
- 4Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Sai
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Ping Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People's Republic of China
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19
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Otto-Meyer S, DeFaccio R, Dussold C, Ladomersky E, Zhai L, Lauing KL, Bollu LR, Amidei C, Lukas RV, Scholtens DM, Wainwright DA. A retrospective survival analysis of Glioblastoma patients treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 2:100025. [PMID: 32190845 PMCID: PMC7079579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2019.100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive form of malignant glioma in adults with a median overall survival (OS) time of 16-18 months and a median age of diagnosis at 64 years old. Recent work has suggested that depression and psychosocial distress are associated with worse outcomes in patients with GBM. We therefore hypothesized that the targeted neutralization of psychosocial distress with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant treatment would be associated with a longer OS among patients with GBM. To address this hypothesis, we retrospectively studied the association between adjuvant SSRI usage and OS in GBM patients treated by Northwestern Medicine-affiliated providers. The medical records of 497 GBM patients were analyzed after extraction from the Northwestern Medicine Enterprise Data Warehouse. Data were retrospectively studied using a multivariable Cox model with SSRI use defined as a time-dependent variable for estimating the association with OS. Of the 497 patients, 315 individuals died, while 182 were censored due to the loss of follow-up or were alive at the end of our study. Of the 497 patients, 151 had a recorded use of SSRI treatment during the disease course. Unexpectedly, SSRI usage was not associated with an OS effect in both naïve (HR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.64-1.03) and adjusted time-dependent (HR = 1.26, 95% CI = 0.97-1.63) Cox models. Ultimately, we failed to find an association between SSRI treatment and an improved OS of patients with GBM. Additional work is necessary for understanding the potential therapeutic effects of SSRIs when combined with other treatment approaches, and immunotherapies in particular, for subjects with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rian DeFaccio
- Department of Preventative Medicine-Biostatistics, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Corey Dussold
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | | | - Lijie Zhai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | | | | | | | - Rimas V. Lukas
- Department of Neurology, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Denise M. Scholtens
- Department of Preventative Medicine-Biostatistics, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Derek A. Wainwright
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology and Oncology, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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20
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Zhuo C, Xun Z, Hou W, Ji F, Lin X, Tian H, Zheng W, Chen M, Liu C, Wang W, Chen C. Surprising Anticancer Activities of Psychiatric Medications: Old Drugs Offer New Hope for Patients With Brain Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1262. [PMID: 31695618 PMCID: PMC6817617 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research and major efforts, malignant brain tumors remain among the deadliest of all cancers. Recently, an increasing number of psychiatric drugs has been proven to possess suppressing activities against brain tumors, and rapid progress has been made in understanding the potential mechanisms of action of these drugs. In particular, the traditional mood stabilizer valproic acid, the widely used antidepressants fluoxetine and escitalopram oxalate, and the atypical psychiatric drug aripiprazole have demonstrated promise for application in brain tumor treatment strategies through multiple lines of laboratory, preclinical, and clinical evidence. The unexpected discovery of the anticancer properties of these drugs has ignited interest in the repurposing of other psychiatric drugs to combat brain cancer. In this review, we synthesize recent progress in understanding the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the brain cancer-killing activities of representative psychiatric drugs. We also identify key limitations in the repurposing of these medications that must be overcome to enhance our ability to successfully prevent and treat brain cancer, especially in the most vulnerable groups of patients, such as children and adolescents, pregnant women, and those with unfavorable genetic variants. Moreover, we propose perspectives that may guide future research and provide long-awaited new hope to patients with brain cancer and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Zhuo
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Psychiatric Genetics Laboratory (PSYG-Lab), Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China.,Department of China-Canada Biological Psychiatry Lab, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, China.,Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Morbidity Laboratory (PNGC-Lab), Nankai University Affiliated Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Mental Health Teaching Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xun
- Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Morbidity Laboratory (PNGC-Lab), Nankai University Affiliated Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Mental Health Teaching Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weihong Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Feng Ji
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Psychiatric Genetics Laboratory (PSYG-Lab), Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaodong Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongjun Tian
- Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics and Morbidity Laboratory (PNGC-Lab), Nankai University Affiliated Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Mental Health Teaching Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weifang Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Psychiatric Genetics Laboratory (PSYG-Lab), Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Psychiatric Genetics Laboratory (PSYG-Lab), Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Wenqiang Wang
- Department of China-Canada Biological Psychiatry Lab, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Ce Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
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21
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Liu YT, Hsiao CH, Tzang BS, Hsu TC. In vitro and in vivo effects of traditional Chinese medicine formula T33 in human breast cancer cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:211. [PMID: 31409331 PMCID: PMC6693224 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Although traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is commonly used by patients with breast cancer, little is known about TCM prescriptions for breast cancer. This study investigated the effects of a new TCM formula, T33, comprising Radix Kansui, Rheum rhabarbarum, Paeonia lactiflora, Jiangbanxia, and Zhigancao on breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods To evaluate the effects of T33 on human breast cancer, HMEpiC, MDA-MB231 and MCF-7 cells were treated with different concentrations of T33 and then analyzed using MTT and Transwell migration assays. To elucidate the involvement of autophagy in the T33-induced death of MDA-MB231 and MCF-7 cells, immunofluorescence staining with LC3-II-specific antibodies was performed. Tumor xenografts were generated by subcutaneously injecting either MDA-MB231 or MCF-7 cells into BALB/c nude mice to determine the effects of T33 on these cell lines in vivo. Results The experimental results revealed that 0.1 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL T33 significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of MDA-MB231 and MCF-7 cells. Moreover, significant autophagy was observed in MDA-MB231 and MCF-7 cells in the presence of 2.5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL T33. An animal study further revealed that both low (200 mg/kg) and high (600 mg/kg) doses of T33 inhibited the proliferation of xenografted breast cancer cells in BALB/c nude mice. Conclusion These findings demonstrate for the first time that T33 has potential in the treatment of breast cancer owing to its antiproliferative effects and induction of autophagy.
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22
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The interplay among psychological distress, the immune system, and brain tumor patient outcomes. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2019; 28:44-50. [PMID: 31049368 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A malignant brain tumor diagnosis is often accompanied with intense feelings and can be associated with psychosocial conditions including depression, anxiety, and/or increased distress levels. Previous work has highlighted the impact of uncontrolled psychological distress among brain tumor patients. Given the negative impact of maladaptive psychosocial and biobehavioral factors on normal immune system functions, the question remains as to how psychological conditions potentially affect the brain tumor patient anti-tumor immune response. Since immunotherapy has yet to show efficacy at increasing malignant glioma patient survival in all randomized, phase III clinical trials to-date, this review provides new insights into the potential negative effects of chronic distress on brain tumor patient immune functions and outcomes.
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