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Baharvand F, Habibi Roudkenar M, Pourmohammadi-Bejarpasi Z, Najafi-Ghalehlou N, Feizkhah A, Bashiri Aliabadi S, Salari A, Mohammadi Roushandeh A. Safety and efficacy of platelet-derived mitochondrial transplantation in ischaemic heart disease. Int J Cardiol 2024; 410:132227. [PMID: 38844091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains a globally significant health challenge in spite of improvement in management strategy. Being aware that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a crucial role in ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) modulation, empirical evidence suggests functional mitochondrial transplantation strikes as a reliable therapeutic approach for patients with acute myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a prospective, triple-blinded, parallel-group, blocked randomised clinical trial to investigate the therapeutic effects and clinical outcomes of platelet-derived mitochondrial transplantation in 30 patients with acute STEMI, such that the 15 subjects in the control group were given standard of care treatment, whereas the subjects in the intervention group received autologous platelet-derived mitochondria through the intracoronary injection. We observed that within 40 days, the intervention group had a slightly greater improvement in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) compared to the control group and experienced a significant enhancement in the exercise capacity (p < 0.001). Moreover, major adverse cardiac events (MACE), arrhythmia, fever, and tachycardia were compared between the groups and lack of significant difference marks the safety of mitochondrial transplantation (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the two groups were not significantly distinct as regards the average length of stay for a hospitalisation (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION We suggest platelet-derived mitochondrial transplantation appears as a beneficial and highly promising therapeutic option for patients of ischaemic heart disease (IHD); however, we are aware that further in-depth studies with larger sample sizes along with longer follow-up periods are necessary for validating the clinical implications of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Baharvand
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Zahra Pourmohammadi-Bejarpasi
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nima Najafi-Ghalehlou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Alireza Feizkhah
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Somaye Bashiri Aliabadi
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arsalan Salari
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Lamb RJ, Griffiths K, Lip GYH, Sorokin V, Frenneaux MP, Feelisch M, Madhani M. ALDH2 polymorphism and myocardial infarction: From alcohol metabolism to redox regulation. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 259:108666. [PMID: 38763322 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the early reperfusion phase is thought to trigger lipid peroxidation and disrupt redox homeostasis, leading to myocardial injury. Whilst the mitochondrial enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is chiefly recognised for its central role in ethanol metabolism, substantial experimental evidence suggests an additional cardioprotective role for ALDH2 independent of alcohol intake, which mitigates myocardial injury by detoxifying breakdown products of lipid peroxidation including the reactive aldehydes, malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). Epidemiological evidence suggests that an ALDH2 mutant variant with reduced activity that is highly prevalent in the East Asian population increases AMI risk. Additional studies have uncovered a strong association between coronary heart disease and this ALDH2 mutant variant. It appears this enzyme polymorphism (in particular, in ALDH2*2/2 carriers) has the potential to have wide-ranging effects on thiol reactivity, redox tone and therefore numerous redox-related signaling processes, resilience of the heart to cope with lifestyle-related and environmental stressors, and the ability of the whole body to achieve redox balance. In this review, we summarize the journey of ALDH2 from a mitochondrial reductase linked to alcohol metabolism, via pre-clinical studies aimed at stimulating ALDH2 activity to reduce myocardial injury to clinical evidence for its protective role in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reece J Lamb
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kayleigh Griffiths
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Danish Centre for Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Vitaly Sorokin
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, National University Heart Centre, National University Health System, Singapore
| | | | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Madhani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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3
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Abe J, Vujic A, Prag HA, Murphy MP, Krieg T. Malonate given at reperfusion prevents post-myocardial infarction heart failure by decreasing ischemia/reperfusion injury. Basic Res Cardiol 2024:10.1007/s00395-024-01063-z. [PMID: 38864895 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-024-01063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The mitochondrial metabolite succinate is a key driver of ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Targeting succinate metabolism by inhibiting succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) upon reperfusion using malonate is an effective therapeutic strategy to achieve cardioprotection in the short term (< 24 h reperfusion) in mouse and pig in vivo myocardial infarction (MI) models. We aimed to assess whether inhibiting IRI with malonate given upon reperfusion could prevent post-MI heart failure (HF) assessed after 28 days. Male C57BL/6 J mice were subjected to 30 min left anterior coronary artery (LAD) occlusion, before reperfusion for 28 days. Malonate or without-malonate control was infused as a single dose upon reperfusion. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and fibrosis by Masson's trichrome staining. Reperfusion without malonate significantly reduced ejection fraction (~ 47%), fractional shortening (~ 23%) and elevated collagen deposition 28 days post-MI. Malonate, administered as a single infusion (16 mg/kg/min for 10 min) upon reperfusion, gave a significant cardioprotective effect, with ejection fraction (~ 60%) and fractional shortening (~ 30%) preserved and less collagen deposition. Using an acidified malonate formulation, to enhance its uptake into cardiomyocytes via the monocarboxylate transporter 1, both 1.6 and 16 mg/kg/min 10 min infusion led to robust long-term cardioprotection with preserved ejection fraction (> 60%) and fractional shortening (~ 30%), as well as significantly less collagen deposition than control hearts. Malonate administration upon reperfusion prevents post-MI HF. Acidification of malonate enables lower doses of malonate to also achieve long-term cardioprotection post-MI. Therefore, the administration of acidified malonate upon reperfusion is a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent IRI and post-MI HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Abe
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Ana Vujic
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Hiran A Prag
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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4
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Bréhat J, Leick S, Musman J, Su JB, Eychenne N, Giton F, Rivard M, Barel LA, Tropeano C, Vitarelli F, Caccia C, Leoni V, Ghaleh B, Pons S, Morin D. Identification of a mechanism promoting mitochondrial sterol accumulation during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion: role of TSPO and STAR. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:481-503. [PMID: 38517482 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-024-01043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for coronary artery diseases and cardiac ischemic events. Cholesterol per se could also have negative effects on the myocardium, independently from hypercholesterolemia. Previously, we reported that myocardial ischemia-reperfusion induces a deleterious build-up of mitochondrial cholesterol and oxysterols, which is potentiated by hypercholesterolemia and prevented by translocator protein (TSPO) ligands. Here, we studied the mechanism by which sterols accumulate in cardiac mitochondria and promote mitochondrial dysfunction. We performed myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in rats to evaluate mitochondrial function, TSPO, and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) levels and the related mitochondrial concentrations of sterols. Rats were treated with the cholesterol synthesis inhibitor pravastatin or the TSPO ligand 4'-chlorodiazepam. We used Tspo deleted rats, which were phenotypically characterized. Inhibition of cholesterol synthesis reduced mitochondrial sterol accumulation and protected mitochondria during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. We found that cardiac mitochondrial sterol accumulation is the consequence of enhanced influx of cholesterol and not of the inhibition of its mitochondrial metabolism during ischemia-reperfusion. Mitochondrial cholesterol accumulation at reperfusion was related to an increase in mitochondrial STAR but not to changes in TSPO levels. 4'-Chlorodiazepam inhibited this mechanism and prevented mitochondrial sterol accumulation and mitochondrial ischemia-reperfusion injury, underlying the close cooperation between STAR and TSPO. Conversely, Tspo deletion, which did not alter cardiac phenotype, abolished the effects of 4'-chlorodiazepam. This study reveals a novel mitochondrial interaction between TSPO and STAR to promote cholesterol and deleterious sterol mitochondrial accumulation during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. This interaction regulates mitochondrial homeostasis and plays a key role during mitochondrial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Bréhat
- INSERM U955-IMRB, Team Ghaleh, UPEC, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Faculté de Santé, 8 rue du général Sarrail, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - Shirin Leick
- INSERM U955-IMRB, Team Ghaleh, UPEC, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Faculté de Santé, 8 rue du général Sarrail, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - Julien Musman
- INSERM U955-IMRB, Team Ghaleh, UPEC, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Faculté de Santé, 8 rue du général Sarrail, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - Jin Bo Su
- INSERM U955-IMRB, Team Ghaleh, UPEC, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Faculté de Santé, 8 rue du général Sarrail, 94000, Créteil, France
| | | | - Frank Giton
- Pôle Biologie-Pathologie, IMRB U955, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | | | | | - Chiara Tropeano
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, ASST-Brianza Department of Medicine and Surgery, Hospital Pio XI Desio, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Frederica Vitarelli
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, ASST-Brianza Department of Medicine and Surgery, Hospital Pio XI Desio, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Claudio Caccia
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Fondazione IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, ASST-Brianza Department of Medicine and Surgery, Hospital Pio XI Desio, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Bijan Ghaleh
- INSERM U955-IMRB, Team Ghaleh, UPEC, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Faculté de Santé, 8 rue du général Sarrail, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - Sandrine Pons
- INSERM U955-IMRB, Team Ghaleh, UPEC, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Faculté de Santé, 8 rue du général Sarrail, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - Didier Morin
- INSERM U955-IMRB, Team Ghaleh, UPEC, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Faculté de Santé, 8 rue du général Sarrail, 94000, Créteil, France.
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5
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Chen Z, Tan X, Jin T, Wang Y, Dai L, Shen G, Zhang C, Qu L, Long L, Shen C, Cao X, Wang J, Li H, Yue X, Shi C. Pharmaceutical Manipulation of Mitochondrial F0F1-ATP Synthase Enables Imaging and Protection of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Stress-induced Selective Enrichment. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307880. [PMID: 38093654 PMCID: PMC10916578 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
To rescue ischemic myocardium from progressing to myocardial infarction, timely identification of the infarct size and reperfusion is crucial. However, fast and accurate identification, as well as the targeted protection of injured cardiomyocytes following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, remain significantly challenging. Here, a near infrared heptamethine dye IR-780 is shown that has the potential to quickly monitor the area at risk following I/R injury by selectively entering the cardiomyocytes of the at-risk heart tissues. Preconditioning with IR-780 or timely IR-780 administration before reperfusion significantly protects the heart from ischemia and oxidative stress-induced cell death, myocardial remodeling, and heart failure in both rat and pig models. Furthermore, IR-780 can directly bind to F0F1-ATP synthase of cardiomyocytes, rapidly decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential, and subsequently slow down the mitochondrial energy metabolism, which induces the mitochondria into a "quiescent state" and results in mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibition by preventing mitochondrial calcium overload. Collectively, the findings show the feasibility of IR-780-based imaging and protection strategy for I/R injury in a preclinical context and indicate that moderate mitochondrial function depression is a mode of action that can be targeted in the development of cardioprotective reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Chen
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical PoisoningArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Xu Tan
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical PoisoningArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Taotao Jin
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical PoisoningArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical PoisoningArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Linyong Dai
- Department of UrologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing401120China
| | - Gufang Shen
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical PoisoningArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Can Zhang
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical PoisoningArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Langfan Qu
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical PoisoningArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Lei Long
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical PoisoningArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Chongxing Shen
- Department of UrologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing401120China
| | - Xiaohui Cao
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical PoisoningArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Jianwu Wang
- Department of UrologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing401120China
| | - Huijuan Li
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical PoisoningArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Xiaofeng Yue
- Department of UrologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing401120China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical PoisoningArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
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6
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Heusch G. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion: Translational pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease. MED 2024; 5:10-31. [PMID: 38218174 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is the greatest health burden and most frequent cause of death worldwide. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion is the pathophysiological substrate of ischemic heart disease. Improvements in prevention and treatment of ischemic heart disease have reduced mortality in developed countries over the last decades, but further progress is now stagnant, and morbidity and mortality from ischemic heart disease in developing countries are increasing. Significant problems remain to be resolved and require a better pathophysiological understanding. The present review attempts to briefly summarize the state of the art in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion research, with a view on both its coronary vascular and myocardial aspects, and to define the cutting edges where further mechanistic knowledge is needed to facilitate translation to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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7
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Hernandez-Resendiz S, Prakash A, Loo SJ, Semenzato M, Chinda K, Crespo-Avilan GE, Dam LC, Lu S, Scorrano L, Hausenloy DJ. Targeting mitochondrial shape: at the heart of cardioprotection. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:49. [PMID: 37955687 PMCID: PMC10643419 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
There remains an unmet need to identify novel therapeutic strategies capable of protecting the myocardium against the detrimental effects of acute ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), to reduce myocardial infarct (MI) size and prevent the onset of heart failure (HF) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In this regard, perturbations in mitochondrial morphology with an imbalance in mitochondrial fusion and fission can disrupt mitochondrial metabolism, calcium homeostasis, and reactive oxygen species production, factors which are all known to be critical determinants of cardiomyocyte death following acute myocardial IRI. As such, therapeutic approaches directed at preserving the morphology and functionality of mitochondria may provide an important strategy for cardioprotection. In this article, we provide an overview of the alterations in mitochondrial morphology which occur in response to acute myocardial IRI, and highlight the emerging therapeutic strategies for targeting mitochondrial shape to preserve mitochondrial function which have the future therapeutic potential to improve health outcomes in patients presenting with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sauri Hernandez-Resendiz
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aishwarya Prakash
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sze Jie Loo
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Kroekkiat Chinda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Gustavo E Crespo-Avilan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Linh Chi Dam
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shengjie Lu
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore.
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- National University Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore.
- University College London, The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, London, UK.
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8
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Heusch G, Andreadou I, Bell R, Bertero E, Botker HE, Davidson SM, Downey J, Eaton P, Ferdinandy P, Gersh BJ, Giacca M, Hausenloy DJ, Ibanez B, Krieg T, Maack C, Schulz R, Sellke F, Shah AM, Thiele H, Yellon DM, Di Lisa F. Health position paper and redox perspectives on reactive oxygen species as signals and targets of cardioprotection. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102894. [PMID: 37839355 PMCID: PMC10590874 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review summarizes the beneficial and detrimental roles of reactive oxygen species in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and cardioprotection. In the first part, the continued need for cardioprotection beyond that by rapid reperfusion of acute myocardial infarction is emphasized. Then, pathomechanisms of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion to the myocardium and the coronary circulation and the different modes of cell death in myocardial infarction are characterized. Different mechanical and pharmacological interventions to protect the ischemic/reperfused myocardium in elective percutaneous coronary interventions and coronary artery bypass grafting, in acute myocardial infarction and in cardiotoxicity from cancer therapy are detailed. The second part keeps the focus on ROS providing a comprehensive overview of molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Starting from mitochondria as the main sources and targets of ROS in ischemic/reperfused myocardium, a complex network of cellular and extracellular processes is discussed, including relationships with Ca2+ homeostasis, thiol group redox balance, hydrogen sulfide modulation, cross-talk with NAPDH oxidases, exosomes, cytokines and growth factors. While mechanistic insights are needed to improve our current therapeutic approaches, advancements in knowledge of ROS-mediated processes indicate that detrimental facets of oxidative stress are opposed by ROS requirement for physiological and protective reactions. This inevitable contrast is likely to underlie unsuccessful clinical trials and limits the development of novel cardioprotective interventions simply based upon ROS removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Robert Bell
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edoardo Bertero
- Chair of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Hans-Erik Botker
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Downey
- Department of Physiology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Philip Eaton
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Heart Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bernard J Gersh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mauro Giacca
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Borja Ibanez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute for Physiology, Justus-Liebig -Universität, Giessen, Germany
| | - Frank Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ajay M Shah
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Holger Thiele
- Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig and Leipzig Heart Science, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli studi di Padova, Padova, Italy.
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9
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Xiong Z, An Q, Chen L, Xiang Y, Li L, Zheng Y. Cell or cell derivative-laden hydrogels for myocardial infarction therapy: from the perspective of cell types. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9867-9888. [PMID: 37751281 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01411h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a global cardiovascular disease with high mortality and morbidity. To treat acute MI, various therapeutic approaches have been developed, including cells, extracellular vesicles, and biomimetic nanoparticles. However, the clinical application of these therapies is limited due to low cell viability, inadequate targetability, and rapid elimination from cardiac sites. Injectable hydrogels, with their three-dimensional porous structure, can maintain the biomechanical stabilization of hearts and the transplantation activity of cells. However, they cannot regenerate cardiomyocytes or repair broken hearts. A better understanding of the collaborative relationship between hydrogel delivery systems and cell or cell-inspired therapy will facilitate advancing innovative therapeutic strategies against MI. Following that, from the perspective of cell types, MI progression and recent studies on using hydrogel to deliver cell or cell-derived preparations for MI treatment are discussed. Finally, current challenges and future prospects of cell or cell derivative-laden hydrogels for MI therapy are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Xiong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qi An
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yucheng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lian Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yaxian Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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10
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Prag HA, Murphy MP, Krieg T. Preventing mitochondrial reverse electron transport as a strategy for cardioprotection. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:34. [PMID: 37639068 PMCID: PMC10462584 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
In the context of myocardial infarction, the burst of superoxide generated by reverse electron transport (RET) at complex I in mitochondria is a crucial trigger for damage during ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Here we outline the necessary conditions for superoxide production by RET at complex I and how it can occur during reperfusion. In addition, we explore various pathways that are implicated in generating the conditions for RET to occur and suggest potential therapeutic strategies to target RET, aiming to achieve cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiran A Prag
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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11
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Bassiouni W, Valencia R, Mahmud Z, Seubert JM, Schulz R. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 proteolyzes mitofusin-2 and impairs mitochondrial function during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:29. [PMID: 37495895 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-00999-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
During myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is rapidly activated in response to oxidative stress. MMP-2 is a multifunctional protease that cleaves both extracellular and intracellular proteins. Oxidative stress also impairs mitochondrial function which is regulated by different proteins, including mitofusin-2 (Mfn-2), which is lost in IR injury. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction trigger the NLRP3 inflammasome and the innate immune response which invokes the de novo expression of an N-terminal truncated isoform of MMP-2 (NTT-MMP-2) at or near mitochondria. We hypothesized that MMP-2 proteolyzes Mfn-2 during myocardial IR injury, impairing mitochondrial function and enhancing the inflammasome response. Isolated hearts from mice subjected to IR injury (30 min ischemia/40 min reperfusion) showed a significant reduction in left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) compared to aerobically perfused hearts. IR injury increased MMP-2 activity as observed by gelatin zymography and increased degradation of troponin I, an intracellular MMP-2 target. MMP-2 preferring inhibitors, ARP-100 or ONO-4817, improved post-ischemic recovery of LVDP compared to vehicle perfused IR hearts. In muscle fibers isolated from IR hearts the rates of mitochondrial oxygen consumption and ATP production were impaired compared to those from aerobic hearts, whereas ARP-100 or ONO-4817 attenuated these reductions. IR hearts showed higher levels of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1 and interleukin-1β in the cytosolic fraction, while the mitochondria-enriched fraction showed reduced levels of Mfn-2, compared to aerobic hearts. ARP-100 or ONO-4817 attenuated these changes. Co-immunoprecipitation showed that MMP-2 is associated with Mfn-2 in aerobic and IR hearts. ARP-100 or ONO-4817 also reduced infarct size and cell death in hearts subjected to 45 min ischemia/120 min reperfusion. Following myocardial IR injury, impaired contractile function and mitochondrial respiration and elevated inflammasome response could be attributed, at least in part, to MMP-2 activation, which targets and cleaves mitochondrial Mfn-2. Inhibition of MMP-2 activity protects against cardiac contractile dysfunction in IR injury in part by preserving Mfn-2 and suppressing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam Bassiouni
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Robert Valencia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Zabed Mahmud
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 4-62 Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - John M Seubert
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Richard Schulz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 4-62 Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada.
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12
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Yellon DM, Beikoghli Kalkhoran S, Davidson SM. The RISK pathway leading to mitochondria and cardioprotection: how everything started. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:22. [PMID: 37233787 PMCID: PMC10220132 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-00992-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ischaemic heart disease, which often manifests clinically as myocardial infarction (MI), remains a major cause of mortality worldwide. Despite the development of effective pre-clinical cardioprotective therapies, clinical translation has been disappointing. Nevertheless, the 'reperfusion injury salvage kinase' (RISK) pathway appears to be a promising target for cardioprotection. This pathway is crucial for the induction of cardioprotection by numerous pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, such as ischaemic conditioning. An important component of the cardioprotective effects of the RISK pathway involves the prevention of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening and subsequent cardiac cell death. Here, we will review the historical perspective of the RISK pathway and focus on its interaction with mitochondria in the setting of cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK.
| | | | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
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13
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Mokhtari B, Høilund-Carlsen PF, Chodari L, Yasami M, Badalzadeh R, Ghaffari S. Melatonin/nicotinamide mononucleotide/ubiquinol: a cocktail providing superior cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury in a common co-morbidities modelled rat. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3525-3537. [PMID: 36787055 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolic and intracellular abnormalities in aging and diabetes cause loss of cardioprotection by routine interventions against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We aimed to evaluate the possible interaction of aging and type-2 diabetes mellitus with cardioprotection and the potential protective effect of a mitochondrial cocktail (melatonin/nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN)/ubiquinol) on myocardial I/R injury in aged diabetic rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 108, 22-24 months old, 400-450 g) received high-fat diet/low dose of streptozotocin to induce type-2 diabetes, then were randomized into 9 groups of 12 rats each with/without I/R and/or melatonin, NMN, and ubiquinol, alone or in dual or triple combinations. Myocardial I/R was induced by LAD occlusion for 30 min followed by 24 h reperfusion. NMN (100 mg/kg/48 h, intraperitoneally) was administered for 28 days before I/R operation. Melatonin (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and/or ubiquinol (30 mg/kg, intravenously) were administered at early reperfusion. Finally, hemodynamic index changes, infarct size, CK-MB levels, mitochondrial functional endpoints, and expression of mitochondrial biogenesis genes (SIRT-1/PGC-1α/NRF-2/TFAM) were assessed. RESULTS The solo and dual applications of melatonin, NMN, and ubiquinol did not exert remarkable cardioprotective impacts. However, the triple combination improved myocardial function and decreased infarct size and CK-MB levels following myocardial I/R (P < .05 to P < .01). It also improved mitochondrial function and restored mitochondrial biogenesis genes (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Combination therapy with melatonin, NMN, and ubiquinol exerted significant cardioprotection and improved mitochondrial function and biogenesis via upregulation of SIRT-1/PGC-1α/NRF-2/TFAM profiles in aged diabetic rats and, thus, offers a promising strategy for providing noticeable cardioprotection against I/R injury also in aged diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Mokhtari
- Alavi Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Poul Flemming Høilund-Carlsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Leila Chodari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Masoud Yasami
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Badalzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Samad Ghaffari
- Alavi Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Insights into research on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury from 2012 to 2021: a bibliometric analysis. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:17. [PMID: 36624514 PMCID: PMC9827672 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00967-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury have been undertaken in recent years. Hotspots and developmental trends in MI/R research are being rapidly updated. However, there has been no bibliometric analysis that systematically evaluates existing literature on MI/R injury. Our study explores developments in MI/R research over the past decade, and provides a reference for future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Both experimental and clinical publications on MI/R injury from 2012 to 2021 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The CiteSpace and VOSviewer tools were used to perform a bibliometric analysis. RESULTS A total of 8419 papers were analyzed. The number of annual publications demonstrated an overall upward trend, rising from 629 publications in 2012 to 1024 publications in 2021. China, the USA, Germany, England, and Italy were the top five contributors to MI/R studies. The Fourth Military Medical University in China contributed the most publications (188, 2.23%), while the University College London in England cooperated the most with relevant research institutions. Derek J Hausenloy (University College London), Derek M Yellon (University College London), and Gerd Heusch (University of Essen Medical School) were the top three most active and influential scholars according to the H-index. Among the top 10 journals with the most publications, Basic Research in Cardiology had the highest impact factors. The top three co-cited journals were Circulation, Circulation Research, and Cardiovascular Research. According to a co-cited reference analysis, MI/R research can be divided across 10 major subfields of mitophagy, cardioprotection, inflammation, remote ischemic preconditioning, long non-coding RNA, melatonin, postconditioning, mitochondria, microvascular obstruction, and ferroptosis. After 2018, the keywords with strongest citation bursts included extracellular vesicles, long non-coding RNA, cell proliferation, microRNA, mitochondrial quality control, mitophagy, biomarker, and mitochondrial biogenesis. CONCLUSIONS The present study reveals the influential authors, cooperating institutions, and main research foci in the field of MI/R injury in the past decade. The latest hotspots are a more in-depth insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying MI/R injury, such as mitochondrial quality control, non-coding RNAs, cell proliferation, and extracellular vesicles.
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15
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Kleinbongard P, Lieder H, Skyschally A, Heusch G. Diazoxide is a powerful cardioprotectant but is not feasible in a realistic infarct scenario. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1173462. [PMID: 37153458 PMCID: PMC10154575 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1173462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diazoxide is a powerful cardioprotective agent that activates mitochondrial ATP-dependent K-channels and stimulates mitochondrial respiration. Diazoxide reduced infarct size in isolated rodent heart preparations and upon pretreatment in juvenile pigs with coronary occlusion/reperfusion. We aimed to study the use of diazoxide in a more realistic adult pig model of reperfused acute myocardial infarction when diazoxide was administered just before reperfusion. Methods and results In a first approach, we pretreated anaesthetised adult Göttingen minipigs with 7 mg kg-1 diazoxide (n = 5) or placebo (n = 5) intravenously over 10 min and subjected them to 60 min coronary occlusion and 180 min reperfusion; blood pressure was maintained by use of an aortic snare. The primary endpoint was infarct size (triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining) as a fraction of area at risk; no-reflow area (thioflavin-S staining) was the secondary endpoint. In a second approach, diazoxide (n = 5) was given from 50 to 60 min coronary occlusion, and blood pressure was not maintained. There was a significant reduction in infarct size (22% ± 11% of area at risk with diazoxide pretreatment vs. 47% ± 11% with placebo) and area of no-reflow (14% ± 14% of infarct size with diazoxide pretreatment vs. 46% ± 20% with placebo). With diazoxide from 50 to 60 min coronary occlusion, however, there was marked hypotension, and infarct size (44% ± 7%) and area of no-reflow were not reduced (35% ± 25%). Conclusions Cardioprotection by diazoxide pretreatment was confirmed in adult pigs with reperfused acute myocardial infarction but is not feasible when diazoxide is administered in a more realistic scenario before reperfusion and causes hypotension.
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16
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Dumbali SP, Wenzel PL. Mitochondrial Permeability Transition in Stem Cells, Development, and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1409:1-22. [PMID: 35739412 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) is a process that permits rapid exchange of small molecules across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) and thus plays a vital role in mitochondrial function and cellular signaling. Formation of the pore that mediates this flux is well-documented in injury and disease but its regulation has also emerged as critical to the fate of stem cells during embryonic development. The precise molecular composition of the mPTP has been enigmatic, with far more genetic studies eliminating molecular candidates than confirming them. Rigorous studies in the recent decade have implicated central involvement of the F1Fo ATP synthase, or complex V of the electron transport chain, and continue to confirm a regulatory role for Cyclophilin D (CypD), encoded by Ppif, in modulating the sensitivity of the pore to opening. A host of endogenous molecules have been shown to trigger flux characteristic of mPT, including positive regulators such as calcium ions, reactive oxygen species, inorganic phosphate, and fatty acids. Conductance of the pore has been described as low or high, and reversibility of pore opening appears to correspond with the relative abundance of negative regulators of mPT such as adenine nucleotides, hydrogen ion, and divalent cations that compete for calcium-binding sites in the mPTP. Current models suggest that distinct pores could be responsible for differing reversibility and conductance depending upon cellular context. Indeed, irreversible propagation of mPT inevitably leads to collapse of transmembrane potential, arrest of ATP synthesis, mitochondrial swelling, and cell death. Future studies should clarify ambiguities in mPTP structure and reveal new roles for mPT in dictating specialized cellular functions beyond cell survival that are tied to mitochondrial fitness including stem cell self-renewal and fate. The focus of this review is to describe contemporary models of the mPTP and highlight how pore activity impacts stem cells and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep P Dumbali
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pamela L Wenzel
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Immunology Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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Kleinbongard P, Lieder HR, Skyschally A, Alloosh M, Gödecke A, Rahmann S, Sturek M, Heusch G. Non-responsiveness to cardioprotection by ischaemic preconditioning in Ossabaw minipigs with genetic predisposition to, but without the phenotype of the metabolic syndrome. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:58. [PMID: 36374343 PMCID: PMC9652280 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00965-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The translation of successful preclinical and clinical proof-of-concept studies on cardioprotection to the benefit of patients with reperfused acute myocardial infarction has been difficult so far. This difficulty has been attributed to confounders which patients with myocardial infarction typically have but experimental animals usually not have. The metabolic syndrome is a typical confounder. We hypothesised that there may also be a genuine non-responsiveness to cardioprotection and used Ossabaw minipigs which have the genetic predisposition to develop a diet-induced metabolic syndrome, but before they had developed the diseased phenotype. Using a prospective study design, a reperfused acute myocardial infarction was induced in 62 lean Ossabaw minipigs by 60 min coronary occlusion and 180 min reperfusion. Ischaemic preconditioning by 3 cycles of 5 min coronary occlusion and 10 min reperfusion was used as cardioprotective intervention. Ossabaw minipigs were stratified for their single nucleotide polymorphism as homozygous for valine (V/V) or isoleucine (I/I)) in the γ-subunit of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. Endpoints were infarct size and area of no-reflow. Infarct size (V/V: 54 ± 8, I/I: 54 ± 13% of area at risk, respectively) was not reduced by ischaemic preconditioning (V/V: 55 ± 11, I/I: 46 ± 11%) nor was the area of no-reflow (V/V: 57 ± 18, I/I: 49 ± 21 vs. V/V: 57 ± 21, I/I: 47 ± 21% of infarct size). Bioinformatic comparison of the Ossabaw genome to that of Sus scrofa and Göttingen minipigs identified differences in clusters of genes encoding mitochondrial and inflammatory proteins, including the janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway. The phosphorylation of STAT3 at early reperfusion was not increased by ischaemic preconditioning, different from the established STAT3 activation by cardioprotective interventions in other pig strains. Ossabaw pigs have not only the genetic predisposition to develop a metabolic syndrome but also are not amenable to cardioprotection by ischaemic preconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Helmut Raphael Lieder
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Skyschally
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Mouhamad Alloosh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Axel Gödecke
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven Rahmann
- Algorithmic Bioinformatics, Center for Bioinformatics and Department of Computer Science, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Sturek
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
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Ye X, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Luan J, Xu C, Wu Z, Ju D, Hu W. GSDMD contributes to myocardial reperfusion injury by regulating pyroptosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:893914. [PMID: 36217543 PMCID: PMC9546776 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.893914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundGasdermin D (GSDMD) plays an essential role in the pathway of pyroptosis. However, whether GSDMD participates in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI) remains poorly understood.MethodsSerum levels of GSDMD and IL-18 in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients were measured by ELISA. The expression of GSDMD and GSDMD N-terminal (GSDMD-NT) in vivo and in vitro was assessed by western blot and immunofluorescence staining. GSDMD-/- mice and wild type (WT) mice were induced MI/RI, followed by cardiac ultrasound and histological analysis.ResultsClinically, patients suffering from STEMI after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) exhibited higher levels of GSDMD and IL-18 than that in the controls. In vitro, the cleavage of GSDMD was significantly upregulated in macrophages exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation or H2O2. In vivo, the levels of GSDMD and GSDMD-NT increased notably after MI/RI, especially in macrophages infiltrating in the infarct area. Moreover, compared with WT mice, GSDMD-/- mice showed reduced infarct size (25.45 ± 3.07% versus 36.47 ± 3.72%), improved left ventricular ejection fraction (37.71 ± 1.81% versus 29.44 ± 2.28%) and left ventricular fractional shortening (18.01 ± 0.97% versus 13.62 ± 1.15%) as well as attenuated pathological damage after I/R injury, along with reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines and decreased infiltration of neutrophils.ConclusionsOur study revealed that GSDMD deficiency significantly alleviated the inflammatory response by regulating pyroptosis, reduced the infarct size and preserved cardiac function after MI/RI, thus providing a potential strategy for the treatment of myocardial reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomiao Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyun Luan
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Caili Xu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengyu Wu
- TAU Cambridge Ltd, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Dianwen Ju, ; Wei Hu,
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Dianwen Ju, ; Wei Hu,
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Prag HA, Aksentijevic D, Dannhorn A, Giles AV, Mulvey JF, Sauchanka O, Du L, Bates G, Reinhold J, Kula-Alwar D, Xu Z, Pellerin L, Goodwin RJA, Murphy MP, Krieg T. Ischemia-Selective Cardioprotection by Malonate for Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Circ Res 2022; 131:528-541. [PMID: 35959683 PMCID: PMC9426742 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.320717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibiting SDH (succinate dehydrogenase), with the competitive inhibitor malonate, has shown promise in ameliorating ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, key for translation to the clinic is understanding the mechanism of malonate entry into cells to enable inhibition of SDH, its mitochondrial target, as malonate itself poorly permeates cellular membranes. The possibility of malonate selectively entering the at-risk heart tissue on reperfusion, however, remains unexplored. METHODS C57BL/6J mice, C2C12 and H9c2 myoblasts, and HeLa cells were used to elucidate the mechanism of selective malonate uptake into the ischemic heart upon reperfusion. Cells were treated with malonate while varying pH or together with transport inhibitors. Mouse hearts were either perfused ex vivo (Langendorff) or subjected to in vivo left anterior descending coronary artery ligation as models of ischemia/reperfusion injury. Succinate and malonate levels were assessed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry LC-MS/MS, in vivo by mass spectrometry imaging, and infarct size by TTC (2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride) staining. RESULTS Malonate was robustly protective against cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury, but only if administered at reperfusion and not when infused before ischemia. The extent of malonate uptake into the heart was proportional to the duration of ischemia. Malonate entry into cardiomyocytes in vivo and in vitro was dramatically increased at the low pH (≈6.5) associated with ischemia. This increased uptake of malonate was blocked by selective inhibition of MCT1 (monocarboxylate transporter 1). Reperfusion of the ischemic heart region with malonate led to selective SDH inhibition in the at-risk region. Acid-formulation greatly enhances the cardioprotective potency of malonate. CONCLUSIONS Cardioprotection by malonate is dependent on its entry into cardiomyocytes. This is facilitated by the local decrease in pH that occurs during ischemia, leading to its selective uptake upon reperfusion into the at-risk tissue, via MCT1. Thus, malonate's preferential uptake in reperfused tissue means it is an at-risk tissue-selective drug that protects against cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiran A. Prag
- Department of Medicine (H.A.P., A.V.G., J.F.M., O.S., D.K.-A., M.P.M., T.K.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.,MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit (H.A.P., A.V.G., G.B., J.R., M.M.P.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dunja Aksentijevic
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (D.A.)
| | - Andreas Dannhorn
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.D., R.J.A.G.)
| | - Abigail V. Giles
- Department of Medicine (H.A.P., A.V.G., J.F.M., O.S., D.K.-A., M.P.M., T.K.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.,MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit (H.A.P., A.V.G., G.B., J.R., M.M.P.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (A.V.G.)
| | - John F. Mulvey
- Department of Medicine (H.A.P., A.V.G., J.F.M., O.S., D.K.-A., M.P.M., T.K.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Sauchanka
- Department of Medicine (H.A.P., A.V.G., J.F.M., O.S., D.K.-A., M.P.M., T.K.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Luping Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, China (L.D., Z.X.)
| | - Georgina Bates
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit (H.A.P., A.V.G., G.B., J.R., M.M.P.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Reinhold
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit (H.A.P., A.V.G., G.B., J.R., M.M.P.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park (J.R.)
| | - Duvaraka Kula-Alwar
- Department of Medicine (H.A.P., A.V.G., J.F.M., O.S., D.K.-A., M.P.M., T.K.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Zhelong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, China (L.D., Z.X.)
| | - Luc Pellerin
- Département de Physiologie, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland (L.P.).,Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 CNRS, LabEx TRAIL-IBIO, Université de Bordeaux, France (L.P.).,Inserm U1313, Université et CHU de Poitiers, France (L.P.)
| | - Richard J. A. Goodwin
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.D., R.J.A.G.).,Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.J.A.G.)
| | - Michael P. Murphy
- Department of Medicine (H.A.P., A.V.G., J.F.M., O.S., D.K.-A., M.P.M., T.K.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.,MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit (H.A.P., A.V.G., G.B., J.R., M.M.P.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine (H.A.P., A.V.G., J.F.M., O.S., D.K.-A., M.P.M., T.K.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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20
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Li Y, Gao Y, Li G. Preclinical multi-target strategies for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:967115. [PMID: 36072870 PMCID: PMC9444048 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.967115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite promising breakthroughs in diagnosing and treating acute coronary syndromes, cardiovascular disease’s high global mortality rate remains indisputable. Nearly half of these patients died of ischemic heart disease. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting can rapidly restore interrupted blood flow and become the most effective method for salvaging viable myocardium. However, restoring blood flow could increase the risk of other complications and myocardial cell death attributed to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). How to reduce the damage of blood reperfusion to ischemic myocardium has become an urgent problem to be solved. In preclinical experiments, many treatments have substantial cardioprotective effects against myocardial IRI. However, the transition from these cardioprotective therapies to clinically beneficial therapies for patients with acute myocardial infarction remains elusive. The reasons for the failure of the clinical translation may be multi-faceted, and three points are summarized here: (1) Our understanding of the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of myocardial IRI is far from enough, and the classification of specific therapeutic targets is not rigorous, and not clear enough; (2) Most of the clinical patients have comorbidities, and single cardioprotective strategies including ischemia regulation strategies cannot exert their due cardioprotective effects under conditions of hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and aging; (3) Most preclinical experimental results are based on adult, healthy animal models. However, most clinical patients had comorbidities and received multiple drug treatments before reperfusion therapy. In 2019, COST Action proposed a multi-target drug combination initiative for prospective myocardial IRI; the optimal cardioprotective strategy may be a combination of additive or synergistic multi-target therapy, which we support. By establishing more reasonable preclinical models, screening multi-target drug combinations more in line with clinical practice will benefit the translation of clinical treatment strategies.
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21
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Xu B, Li F, Zhang W, Su Y, Tang L, Li P, Joshi J, Yang A, Li D, Wang Z, Wang S, Xie J, Gu H, Zhu W. Identification of metabolic pathways underlying FGF1 and CHIR99021-mediated cardioprotection. iScience 2022; 25:104447. [PMID: 35707727 PMCID: PMC9189130 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction is a leading cause of death worldwide. We have previously identified two cardioprotective molecules — FGF1 and CHIR99021— that confer cardioprotection in mouse and pig models of acute myocardial infarction. Here, we aimed to determine if improved myocardial metabolism contributes to this cardioprotection. Nanofibers loaded with FGF1 and CHIR99021 were intramyocardially injected to ischemic myocardium of adult mice immediately following surgically induced myocardial infarction. Animals were euthanized 3 and 7 days later. Our data suggested that FGF1/CHIR99021 nanofibers enhanced the heart’s capacity to utilize glycolysis as an energy source and reduced the accumulation of branched-chain amino acids in ischemic myocardium. The impact of FGF1/CHIR99021 on metabolism was more obvious in the first three days post myocardial infarction. Taken together, these findings suggest that FGF1/CHIR99021 protects the heart against ischemic injury via improving myocardial metabolism which may be exploited for treatment of acute myocardial infarction in humans. FGF1/CHIR confer cardioprotection in myocardial infarction animals FGF1/CHIR enhance the capability of ischemic hearts to produce energy via glycolysis FGF1/CHIR reduce the abundance of branched chain amino acids in ischemic hearts This study reveals a novel approach to correct metabolic disorders in ischemic hearts
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, USA 85259.,Department of Cardiology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, USA 85259.,Department of Kinesiology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Center for Translational Science, Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA.,College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Yajuan Su
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ling Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, USA 85259
| | - Pengsheng Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, USA 85259
| | - Jyotsna Joshi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, USA 85259
| | - Aaron Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, USA 85259
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, USA 85259
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Shu Wang
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Center for Translational Science, Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA.,College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Wuqiang Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, USA 85259
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22
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Dai W, Amoedo ND, Perry J, Le Grand B, Boucard A, Carreno J, Zhao L, Brown DA, Rossignol R, Kloner RA. Effects of OP2113 on Myocardial Infarct Size and No Reflow in a Rat Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Model. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2022; 36:217-227. [PMID: 33555510 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07113-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study was to determine whether OP2113 could limit myocardial infarction size and the no-reflow phenomenon in a rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion model. METHODS Rat heart-isolated mitochondria (RHM) were used to investigate mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) generation both in normal conditions and in ischemia/reperfusion-mimicking conditions (using high concentrations of succinate). Human skeletal muscle myoblasts (HSMM) in culture were used to investigate the cellular intermittent deprivation in energy substrates and oxygen as reported in ischemia/reperfusion conditions. In vivo, rats were anesthetized and subjected to 30 min of left coronary artery occlusion followed by 3 h of reperfusion. Rats were randomized to receive OP2113 as an intravenous infusion starting either 5 min prior to coronary artery occlusion (preventive), or 5 min prior to reperfusion (curative), or to receive vehicle starting 5 min prior to coronary artery occlusion. Infusions continued until the end of the study (3 h of reperfusion). RESULTS RHM treated with OP2113 showed a concentration-dependent reduction of succinate-induced mtROS generation. In HSMM cells, OP2113 treatment (5-10 μM) during 48H prevented the reduction in the steady-state level of ATP measured just after reperfusion injuries and decreased the mitochondrial affinity to oxygen. In vivo, myocardial infarct size, expressed as the percentage of the ischemic risk zone, was significantly lower in the OP2113-treated preventive group (44.5 ± 2.9%) versus that in the vehicle group (57.0 ± 3.6%; p < 0.05), with a non-significant trend toward a smaller infarct size in the curative group (50.8 ± 3.9%). The area of no reflow as a percentage of the risk zone was significantly smaller in both the OP2113-treated preventive (28.8 ± 2.4%; p = 0.026 vs vehicle) and curative groups (30.1 ± 2.3%; p = 0.04 vs vehicle) compared with the vehicle group (38.9 ± 3.1%). OP2113 was not associated with any hemodynamic changes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that OP2113 is a promising mitochondrial ROS-modulating agent to reduce no-reflow as well as to reduce myocardial infarct size, especially if it is on board early in the course of the infarction. It appears to have benefit on no-reflow even when administered relatively late in the course of ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangde Dai
- HMRI Cardiovascular Research Institute, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, 686 S. Fair Oaks Avenue, Pasadena, CA, 91105, USA.
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | - Justin Perry
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1035 ILSB, 1981 Kraft Drive, Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | | | | | - Juan Carreno
- HMRI Cardiovascular Research Institute, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, 686 S. Fair Oaks Avenue, Pasadena, CA, 91105, USA
| | - Lifu Zhao
- HMRI Cardiovascular Research Institute, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, 686 S. Fair Oaks Avenue, Pasadena, CA, 91105, USA
| | - David A Brown
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1035 ILSB, 1981 Kraft Drive, Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | | | - Robert A Kloner
- HMRI Cardiovascular Research Institute, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, 686 S. Fair Oaks Avenue, Pasadena, CA, 91105, USA
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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23
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Molecular mechanisms and consequences of mitochondrial permeability transition. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:266-285. [PMID: 34880425 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) is a phenomenon that abruptly causes the flux of low molecular weight solutes (molecular weight up to 1,500) across the generally impermeable inner mitochondrial membrane. The mPT is mediated by the so-called mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), a supramolecular entity assembled at the interface of the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. In contrast to mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, which mostly activates apoptosis, mPT can trigger different cellular responses, from the physiological regulation of mitophagy to the activation of apoptosis or necrosis. Although there are several molecular candidates for the mPTP, its molecular nature remains contentious. This lack of molecular data was a significant setback that prevented mechanistic insight into the mPTP, pharmacological targeting and the generation of informative animal models. In recent years, experimental evidence has highlighted mitochondrial F1Fo ATP synthase as a participant in mPTP formation, although a molecular model for its transition to the mPTP is still lacking. Recently, the resolution of the F1Fo ATP synthase structure by cryogenic electron microscopy led to a model for mPTP gating. The elusive molecular nature of the mPTP is now being clarified, marking a turning point for understanding mitochondrial biology and its pathophysiological ramifications. This Review provides an up-to-date reference for the understanding of the mammalian mPTP and its cellular functions. We review current insights into the molecular mechanisms of mPT and validated observations - from studies in vivo or in artificial membranes - on mPTP activity and functions. We end with a discussion of the contribution of the mPTP to human disease. Throughout the Review, we highlight the multiple unanswered questions and, when applicable, we also provide alternative interpretations of the recent discoveries.
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24
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Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Homeostasis: Emerging Roles and Clinical Significance in Cardiac Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063025. [PMID: 35328444 PMCID: PMC8954803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the sites of oxidative metabolism in eukaryotes where the metabolites of sugars, fats, and amino acids are oxidized to harvest energy. Notably, mitochondria store Ca2+ and work in synergy with organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum and extracellular matrix to control the dynamic balance of Ca2+ concentration in cells. Mitochondria are the vital organelles in heart tissue. Mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis is particularly important for maintaining the physiological and pathological mechanisms of the heart. Mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis plays a key role in the regulation of cardiac energy metabolism, mechanisms of death, oxygen free radical production, and autophagy. The imbalance of mitochondrial Ca2+ balance is closely associated with cardiac remodeling. The mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (mtCU) protein complex is responsible for the uptake and release of mitochondrial Ca2+ and regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in mitochondria and consequently, in cells. This review summarizes the mechanisms of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis in physiological and pathological cardiac remodeling and the regulatory effects of the mitochondrial calcium regulatory complex on cardiac energy metabolism, cell death, and autophagy, and also provides the theoretical basis for mitochondrial Ca2+ as a novel target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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25
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Fernandez Rico C, Konate K, Josse E, Nargeot J, Barrère-Lemaire S, Boisguérin P. Therapeutic Peptides to Treat Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:792885. [PMID: 35252383 PMCID: PMC8891520 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.792885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) including acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank first in worldwide mortality and according to the World Health Organization (WHO), they will stay at this rank until 2030. Prompt revascularization of the occluded artery to reperfuse the myocardium is the only recommended treatment (by angioplasty or thrombolysis) to decrease infarct size (IS). However, despite beneficial effects on ischemic lesions, reperfusion leads to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury related mainly to apoptosis. Improvement of revascularization techniques and patient care has decreased myocardial infarction (MI) mortality however heart failure (HF) morbidity is increasing, contributing to the cost-intense worldwide HF epidemic. Currently, there is no treatment for reperfusion injury despite promising results in animal models. There is now an obvious need to develop new cardioprotective strategies to decrease morbidity/mortality of CVD, which is increasing due to the aging of the population and the rising prevalence rates of diabetes and obesity. In this review, we will summarize the different therapeutic peptides developed or used focused on the treatment of myocardial IR injury (MIRI). Therapeutic peptides will be presented depending on their interacting mechanisms (apoptosis, necroptosis, and inflammation) reported as playing an important role in reperfusion injury following myocardial ischemia. The search and development of therapeutic peptides have become very active, with increasing numbers of candidates entering clinical trials. Their optimization and their potential application in the treatment of patients with AMI will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Fernandez Rico
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Valbonne, France
| | - Karidia Konate
- PHYMEDEXP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Emilie Josse
- PHYMEDEXP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Joël Nargeot
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Valbonne, France
| | - Stéphanie Barrère-Lemaire
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Valbonne, France
| | - Prisca Boisguérin
- PHYMEDEXP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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26
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Ansari M, Prem PN, Kurian GA. Hydrogen sulfide postconditioning rendered cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is compromised in rats with diabetic cardiomyopathy. Microvasc Res 2022; 141:104322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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27
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Boulghobra D, Dubois M, Alpha-Bazin B, Coste F, Olmos M, Gayrard S, Bornard I, Meyer G, Gaillard JC, Armengaud J, Reboul C. Increased protein S-nitrosylation in mitochondria: a key mechanism of exercise-induced cardioprotection. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:66. [PMID: 34940922 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00906-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation in the heart plays a key role in exercise-induced cardioprotection during ischemia-reperfusion, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesized that the cardioprotective effect of exercise training could be explained by the re-localization of eNOS-dependent nitric oxide (NO)/S-nitrosylation signaling to mitochondria. By comparing exercised (5 days/week for 5 weeks) and sedentary Wistar rats, we found that exercise training increased eNOS level and activation by phosphorylation (at serine 1177) in mitochondria, but not in the cytosolic subfraction of cardiomyocytes. Using confocal microscopy, we confirmed that NO production in mitochondria was increased in response to H2O2 exposure in cardiomyocytes from exercised but not sedentary rats. Moreover, by S-nitrosoproteomic analysis, we identified several key S-nitrosylated proteins involved in mitochondrial function and cardioprotection. In agreement, we also observed that the increase in Ca2+ retention capacity by mitochondria isolated from the heart of exercised rats was abolished by exposure to the NOS inhibitor L-NAME or to the reducing agent ascorbate, known to denitrosylate proteins. Pre-incubation with ascorbate or L-NAME also increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production in cardiomyocytes from exercised but not from sedentary animals. We confirmed these results using isolated hearts perfused with L-NAME before ischemia-reperfusion. Altogether, these results strongly support the hypothesis that exercise training increases eNOS/NO/S-nitrosylation signaling in mitochondria, which might represent a key mechanism of exercise-induced cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Béatrice Alpha-Bazin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, 30200, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Florence Coste
- LAPEC EA-4278, Avignon Université, 84000, Avignon, France
| | - Maxime Olmos
- LAPEC EA-4278, Avignon Université, 84000, Avignon, France
| | | | | | - Gregory Meyer
- LAPEC EA-4278, Avignon Université, 84000, Avignon, France
| | - Jean-Charles Gaillard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, 30200, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, 30200, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Cyril Reboul
- LAPEC EA-4278, Avignon Université, 84000, Avignon, France. .,Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, UPR4278, UFR Sciences Technologies Santé, Centre INRAE-Site Agroparc, 228 route de l'Aérodrome, 84914, Avignon Cedex 9, France.
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28
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The zinc transporter ZIP7 (Slc39a7) controls myocardial reperfusion injury by regulating mitophagy. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:54. [PMID: 34581906 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Whereas elimination of damaged mitochondria by mitophagy is proposed to be cardioprotective, the regulation of mitophagy at reperfusion and the underlying mechanism remain elusive. Since mitochondrial Zn2+ may control mitophagy by regulating mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), we hypothesized that the zinc transporter ZIP7 that controls Zn2+ levels within mitochondria would contribute to reperfusion injury by regulating mitophagy. Mouse hearts were subjected to ischemia/reperfusion in vivo. Mitophagy was evaluated by detecting mitoLC3II, mito-Keima, and mitoQC. ROS were measured with DHE and mitoB. Infarct size was measured with TTC staining. The cardiac-specific ZIP7 conditional knockout mice (ZIP7 cKO) were generated by adopting the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Human heart samples were obtained from donors and recipients of heart transplant surgeries. KO or cKO of ZIP7 increased mitophagy under physiological conditions. Mitophagy was not activated at the early stage of reperfusion in mouse hearts. ZIP7 is upregulated at reperfusion and ZIP7 cKO enhanced mitophagy upon reperfusion. cKO of ZIP7 led to mitochondrial depolarization by increasing mitochondrial Zn2+ and, accumulation of PINK1 and Parkin in mitochondria, suggesting that the decrease in mitochondrial Zn2+ in response to ZIP7 upregulation resulting in mitochondrial hyperpolarization may impede PINK1 and Parkin accumulation in mitochondria. Notably, ZIP7 is markedly upregulated in cardiac mitochondria from patients with heart failure (HF), whereas mitochondrial PINK1 accumulation and mitophagy were suppressed. Furthermore, ZIP7 cKO reduced mitochondrial ROS generation and myocardial infarction via a PINK1-dependet manner, whereas overexpression of ZIP7 exacerbated myocardial infarction. Our findings identify upregulation of ZIP7 leading to suppression of mitophagy as a critical feature of myocardial reperfusion injury. A timely suppression of cardiac ZIP7 upregulation or inactivation of ZIP7 is essential for the treatment of reperfusion injury.
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29
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Ding XW, Robinson M, Li R, Aldhowayan H, Geetha T, Babu JR. Mitochondrial dysfunction and beneficial effects of mitochondria-targeted small peptide SS-31 in Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105783. [PMID: 34302976 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and Alzheimer's disease are common chronic illnesses in the United States and lack clearly demonstrated therapeutics. Mitochondria, the "powerhouse of the cell", is involved in the homeostatic regulation of glucose, energy, and reduction/oxidation reactions. The mitochondria has been associated with the etiology of metabolic and neurological disorders through a dysfunction of regulation of reactive oxygen species. Mitochondria-targeted chemicals, such as the Szeto-Schiller-31 peptide, have advanced therapeutic potential through the inhibition of oxidative stress and the restoration of normal mitochondrial function as compared to traditional antioxidants, such as vitamin E. In this article, we summarize the pathophysiological relevance of the mitochondria and the beneficial effects of Szeto-Schiller-31 peptide in the treatment of Diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Ding
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Megan Robinson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Rongzi Li
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Hadeel Aldhowayan
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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30
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Andreadou I, Efentakis P, Frenis K, Daiber A, Schulz R. Thiol-based redox-active proteins as cardioprotective therapeutic agents in cardiovascular diseases. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:44. [PMID: 34275052 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00885-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thiol-based redox compounds, namely thioredoxins (Trxs), glutaredoxins (Grxs) and peroxiredoxins (Prxs), stand as a pivotal group of proteins involved in antioxidant processes and redox signaling. Glutaredoxins (Grxs) are considered as one of the major families of proteins involved in redox regulation by removal of S-glutathionylation and thereby reactivation of other enzymes with thiol-dependent activity. Grxs are also coupled to Trxs and Prxs recycling and thereby indirectly contribute to reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a ubiquitous family of peroxidases, which play an essential role in the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide, aliphatic and aromatic hydroperoxides, and peroxynitrite. The Trxs, Grxs and Prxs systems, which reversibly induce thiol modifications, regulate redox signaling involved in various biological events in the cardiovascular system. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the role of Trxs, Grxs and Prxs on cardiovascular pathologies and especially in cardiac hypertrophy, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and heart failure as well as in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and metabolic syndrome. Further studies on the roles of thiol-dependent redox systems in the cardiovascular system will support the development of novel protective and therapeutic strategies against cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis Efentakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Katie Frenis
- Department of Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Langenbeckstr 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
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Chang X, Lochner A, Wang HH, Wang S, Zhu H, Ren J, Zhou H. Coronary microvascular injury in myocardial infarction: perception and knowledge for mitochondrial quality control. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:6766-6785. [PMID: 34093852 PMCID: PMC8171103 DOI: 10.7150/thno.60143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) constitute the innermost layer in all blood vessels to maintain the structural integrity and microcirculation function for coronary microvasculature. Impaired endothelial function is demonstrated in various cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction (MI), which is featured by reduced myocardial blood flow as a result of epicardial coronary obstruction, thrombogenesis, and inflammation. In this context, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the function of coronary ECs is essential for the early diagnosis and optimal treatment of MI. Although ECs contain relatively fewer mitochondria compared with cardiomyocytes, they function as key sensors of environmental and cellular stress, in the regulation of EC viability, structural integrity and function. Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) machineries respond to a broad array of stress stimuli to regulate fission, fusion, mitophagy and biogenesis in mitochondria. Impaired MQC is a cardinal feature of EC injury and dysfunction. Hence, medications modulating MQC mechanisms are considered as promising novel therapeutic options in MI. Here in this review, we provide updated insights into the key role of MQC mechanisms in coronary ECs and microvascular dysfunction in MI. We also discussed the option of MQC as a novel therapeutic target to delay, reverse or repair coronary microvascular damage in MI. Contemporary available MQC-targeted therapies with potential clinical benefits to alleviate coronary microvascular injury during MI are also summarized.
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Bou-Teen D, Kaludercic N, Weissman D, Turan B, Maack C, Di Lisa F, Ruiz-Meana M. Mitochondrial ROS and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants in the aged heart. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 167:109-124. [PMID: 33716106 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Excessive mitochondrial ROS production has been causally linked to the pathophysiology of aging in the heart and other organs, and plays a deleterious role in several age-related cardiac pathologies, including myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and heart failure, the two worldwide leading causes of death and disability in the elderly. However, ROS generation is also a fundamental mitochondrial function that orchestrates several signaling pathways, some of them exerting cardioprotective effects. In cardiac myocytes, mitochondria are particularly abundant and are specialized in subcellular populations, in part determined by their relationships with other organelles and their cyclic calcium handling activity necessary for adequate myocardial contraction/relaxation and redox balance. Depending on their subcellular location, mitochondria can themselves be differentially targeted by ROS and display distinct age-dependent functional decline. Thus, precise mitochondria-targeted therapies aimed at counteracting unregulated ROS production are expected to have therapeutic benefits in certain aging-related heart conditions. However, for an adequate design of such therapies, it is necessary to unravel the complex and dynamic interactions between mitochondria and other cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bou-Teen
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR),Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nina Kaludercic
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy; Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza (IRP), 35129, Padova, Italy
| | - David Weissman
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Belma Turan
- Departments of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Christoph Maack
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR),Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-CV, CIBER-CV, Spain.
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Lassen TR, Hjortbak MV, Hauerslev M, Tonnesen PT, Kristiansen SB, Jensen RV, Bøtker HE. Influence of strain, age, origin, and anesthesia on the cardioprotective efficacy by local and remote ischemic conditioning in an ex vivo rat model. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14810. [PMID: 33818005 PMCID: PMC8020046 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Local ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) induced by brief periods of ischemia and reperfusion protect against ischemia‐reperfusion injury. Methods We studied the sensitivity to IR‐injury and the influence of strain, age, supplier, and anesthesia upon the efficacy of IPC and RIC in 7‐ and 16‐weeks‐old Sprague‐Dawley and Wistar rats from three different suppliers. The influence of sedation with a hypnorm and midazolam mixture (rodent mixture) and pentobarbiturate was compared. Results IPC attenuated infarct size in both 7‐weeks‐old Sprague–Dawley (48.4 ± 17.7% vs. 20.3 ± 6.9, p < 0.001) and 7‐weeks‐old Wistar (55.6 ± 10.9% vs. 26.8 ± 5.0%, p < 0.001) rats. Infarct size was larger in 16‐weeks‐old Sprague–Dawley rats, however, IPC still lowered infarct size (78.8 ± 9.2% vs. 58.3 ± 12.3%, p < 0.01). RIC reduced infarct sizes in 7‐weeks‐old Sprague–Dawley (75.3 ± 11.8% vs. 58.6 ± 8.9%, p < 0.05), but not in 7‐weeks‐old Wistar rats (31.7 ± 17.6% and 24.0 ± 12.6%, p = 0.2). In 16‐weeks‐old Sprague–Dawley rats, RIC did not induce protection (76.4 ± 5.5% and 73.2 ± 14.7%, p = 0.6). However, RIC induced protection in 16‐weeks‐old Wistar rats (45.2 ± 8.5% vs. 14.7 ± 10.8%, p < 0.001). RIC did not reduce infarct size in 7‐weeks‐old Sprague–Dawley rats from Charles River (62.0 ± 13.5% and 69.4 ± 10.4% p = 0.3) or 16‐weeks‐old Wistar rats from Janvier (50.7 ± 11.3 and 49.2 ± 16.2, p = 0.8). There was no difference between sedation with rodent mixture or pentobarbiturate. Conclusion The cardioprotective effect of IPC is consistent across rat strains independent of age, strain, and supplier. RIC seems to be less reproducible, but still yields protection across different rat strains. However, age, animal supplier, and anesthetics may modulate the sensitivity of IR‐injury and the response to RIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ravn Lassen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Marie Vognstoft Hjortbak
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Marie Hauerslev
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Pernille Tilma Tonnesen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | | | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
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Tonnesen PT, Hjortbak MV, Lassen TR, Seefeldt JM, Bøtker HE, Jespersen NR. Myocardial salvage by succinate dehydrogenase inhibition in ischemia-reperfusion injury depends on diabetes stage in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2675-2684. [PMID: 33666828 PMCID: PMC8192402 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) by Dimethyl Malonate (DiMal) reduces cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. We investigated the cardioprotective effect of DiMal in a rat model during advancing type 2 diabetes. Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats and lean controls were investigated corresponding to prediabetes, onset and mature diabetes. Hearts were mounted in an isolated perfused model, and subjected to IR for investigation of infarct size (IS) and mitochondrial respiratory control ratio (RCR). DiMal was administered for 10 min before ischemia. Compared with age-matched non-diabetic rats, prediabetic rats had larger IS (49 ± 4% vs. 36 ± 2%, p = 0.007), rats with onset diabetes smaller IS (51 ± 3% vs. 62 ± 3%, p = 0.05) and rats with mature diabetes had larger IS (79 ± 3% vs. 69 ± 2%, p = 0.06). At the prediabetic stage DiMal did not alter IS. At onset of diabetes DiMal 0.6 mM increased IS in diabetic but not in non-diabetic control rats (72 ± 4% vs. 51 ± 3%, p = 0.003). At mature diabetes DiMal 0.1 and 0.6 mM reduced IS (68 ± 3% vs. 79 ± 3% and 64 ± 5% vs. 79 ± 3%, p = 0.1 and p = 0.01), respectively. DiMal 0.1 mM alone reduced IS in age-matched non-diabetic animals (55 ± 3% vs. 69 ± 2% p = 0.01). RCR was reduced at mature diabetes but not modulated by DiMal. Modulation of SDH activity results in variable infarct size reduction depending on presence and the stage of diabetes. Modulation of SDH activity may be an unpredictable cardioprotective approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Tilma Tonnesen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Marie Vognstoft Hjortbak
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Thomas Ravn Lassen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jacob Marthinsen Seefeldt
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Nichlas Riise Jespersen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
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35
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Dambrova M, Zuurbier CJ, Borutaite V, Liepinsh E, Makrecka-Kuka M. Energy substrate metabolism and mitochondrial oxidative stress in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:24-37. [PMID: 33484825 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The heart is the most metabolically flexible organ with respect to the use of substrates available in different states of energy metabolism. Cardiac mitochondria sense substrate availability and ensure the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation and heart function. Mitochondria also play a critical role in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury, during which they are directly involved in ROS-producing pathophysiological mechanisms. This review explores the mechanisms of ROS production within the energy metabolism pathways and focuses on the impact of different substrates. We describe the main metabolites accumulating during ischemia in the glucose, fatty acid, and Krebs cycle pathways. Hyperglycemia, often present in the acute stress condition of ischemia/reperfusion, increases cytosolic ROS concentrations through the activation of NADPH oxidase 2 and increases mitochondrial ROS through the metabolic overloading and decreased binding of hexokinase II to mitochondria. Fatty acid-linked ROS production is related to the increased fatty acid flux and corresponding accumulation of long-chain acylcarnitines. Succinate that accumulates during anoxia/ischemia is suggested to be the main source of ROS, and the role of itaconate as an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase is emerging. We discuss the strategies to modulate and counteract the accumulation of substrates that yield ROS and the therapeutic implications of this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Dambrova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia; Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Coert J Zuurbier
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, AZ 1105, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vilmante Borutaite
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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36
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Marin W, Marin D, Ao X, Liu Y. Mitochondria as a therapeutic target for cardiac ischemia‑reperfusion injury (Review). Int J Mol Med 2020; 47:485-499. [PMID: 33416090 PMCID: PMC7797474 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction is the leading cause of cardiovascular-related mortality and chronic heart failure worldwide. As regards treatment, the reperfusion of ischemic tissue generates irreversible damage to the myocardium, which is termed 'cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury'. Due to the large number of mitochondria in cardiomyocytes, an increasing number of studies have focused on the roles of mitochondria in IR injury. The primary causes of IR injury are reduced oxidative phosphorylation during hypoxia and the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), together with the insufficient elimination of these oxidative species following reperfusion. IR injury includes the oxidation of DNA, incorrect modifications of proteins, the disruption of the mitochondrial membrane and respiratory chain, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm), Ca2+ over-load, mitochondrial permeability transition pore formation, swelling of the mitochondria, and ultimately, cardiomyocyte necrosis. The present review article discusses the molecular mechanisms of IR injury, and summarizes the metabolic and dynamic changes occurring in the mitochondria in response to IR stress. The mitochondria are strongly recommended as a target for the development of therapeutic agents; however, the appropriate use of agents remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Marin
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Dennis Marin
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Ao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
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37
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Giblett JP, Bulluck H. Cardioprotection for Acute MI in Light of the CONDI2/ERIC-PPCI Trial: New Targets Needed. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 15:e13. [PMID: 32944081 PMCID: PMC7479528 DOI: 10.15420/icr.2020.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protection against ischaemia-reperfusion injury after revascularisation in acute myocardial infarction remains an enigma. Many targets have been identified, but after the failure of the recent Effect of Remote Ischaemic Conditioning on Clinical Outcomes in ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (CONDI2/ERIC-PPCI) trial to show translation to clinical benefit, there is still no pharmacological or mechanical strategy that has translated to clinical practice. This article addresses the results of the CONDI2/ERIC-PPCI trial in the context of previous studies of ischaemic conditioning, and then considers the prospects for other potential targets of cardioprotection. Finally, the authors examine the pitfalls and challenges in trial design for future investigation of cardioprotective strategies. In particular, this article highlights the need for careful endpoint and patient selection, as well as the need to pay attention to the biology of cardioprotection during the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel P Giblett
- Department of Cardiology, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital Liverpool, UK
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38
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Allen ME, Pennington ER, Perry JB, Dadoo S, Makrecka-Kuka M, Dambrova M, Moukdar F, Patel HD, Han X, Kidd GK, Benson EK, Raisch TB, Poelzing S, Brown DA, Shaikh SR. The cardiolipin-binding peptide elamipretide mitigates fragmentation of cristae networks following cardiac ischemia reperfusion in rats. Commun Biol 2020; 3:389. [PMID: 32680996 PMCID: PMC7368046 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to cardiac pathologies. Barriers to new therapies include an incomplete understanding of underlying molecular culprits and a lack of effective mitochondria-targeted medicines. Here, we test the hypothesis that the cardiolipin-binding peptide elamipretide, a clinical-stage compound under investigation for diseases of mitochondrial dysfunction, mitigates impairments in mitochondrial structure-function observed after rat cardiac ischemia-reperfusion. Respirometry with permeabilized ventricular fibers indicates that ischemia-reperfusion induced decrements in the activity of complexes I, II, and IV are alleviated with elamipretide. Serial block face scanning electron microscopy used to create 3D reconstructions of cristae ultrastructure reveals that disease-induced fragmentation of cristae networks are improved with elamipretide. Mass spectrometry shows elamipretide did not protect against the reduction of cardiolipin concentration after ischemia-reperfusion. Finally, elamipretide improves biophysical properties of biomimetic membranes by aggregating cardiolipin. The data suggest mitochondrial structure-function are interdependent and demonstrate elamipretide targets mitochondrial membranes to sustain cristae networks and improve bioenergetic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell E Allen
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Edward Ross Pennington
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Justin B Perry
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Sahil Dadoo
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Maija Dambrova
- Latvian Institute for Organic Synthesis Riga Latvia, Norwich, UK
| | - Fatiha Moukdar
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Hetal D Patel
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Grahame K Kidd
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Renovo Neural Inc, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Tristan B Raisch
- Virginia Tech Faculty of Health Sciences, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carillion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Steven Poelzing
- Virginia Tech Faculty of Health Sciences, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carillion, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - David A Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Faculty of Health Sciences, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Metabolism Core Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Abstract
Despite the increasing use and success of interventional coronary reperfusion strategies, morbidity and mortality from acute myocardial infarction are still substantial. Myocardial infarct size is a major determinant of prognosis in these patients. Therefore, cardioprotective strategies aim to reduce infarct size. However, a perplexing gap exists between the many preclinical studies reporting infarct size reduction with mechanical and pharmacological interventions and the poor translation into better clinical outcomes in patients. This Review revisits the pathophysiology of myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury, including the role of autophagy and forms of cell death such as necrosis, apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis. Other cellular compartments in addition to cardiomyocytes are addressed, notably the coronary microcirculation. Preclinical and clinical research developments in mechanical and pharmacological approaches to induce cardioprotection, and their signal transduction pathways, are discussed. Additive cardioprotective interventions are advocated. For clinical translation into treatments for patients with acute myocardial infarction, who typically are of advanced age, have comorbidities and are receiving several medications, not only infarct size reduction but also attenuation of coronary microvascular obstruction, as well as longer-term targets including infarct repair and reverse remodelling, must be considered to improve patient outcomes. Future clinical trials must focus on patients who really need adjunct cardioprotection, that is, those with severe haemodynamic alterations.
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40
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Jespersen NR, Hjortbak MV, Lassen TR, Støttrup NB, Johnsen J, Tonnesen PT, Larsen S, Kimose HH, Bøtker HE. Cardioprotective effect of succinate dehydrogenase inhibition in rat hearts and human myocardium with and without diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10344. [PMID: 32587298 PMCID: PMC7316713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury may be attenuated through succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibition by dimethyl malonate (DiMAL). Whether SDH inhibition yields protection in diabetic individuals and translates into human cardiac tissue remain unknown. In isolated perfused hearts from 24 weeks old male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) and age matched non-diabetic control rats and atrial trabeculae from patients with and without diabetes, we compared infarct size, contractile force recovery and mitochondrial function. The cardioprotective effect of a 10 minutes DiMAL administration prior to global ischemia and ischemic preconditioning (IPC) was evaluated. In non-diabetic hearts exposed to IR, DiMAL 0.1 mM reduced infarct size compared to IR (55 ± 7% vs. 69 ± 6%, p < 0.05). Mitochondrial respiration was reduced by DiMAL 0.6 mM compared to sham and DiMAL 0.1 mM (p < 0.05). In diabetic hearts an increased concentration of DiMAL (0.6 mM) was required for protection compared to IR (64 ± 13% vs. 79 ± 8%, p < 0.05). Mitochondrial function remained unchanged. In trabeculae from humans without diabetes, IPC and DiMAL improved contractile force recovery compared to IR (43 ± 12% and 43 ± 13% vs. 23 ± 13%, p < 0.05) but in patients with diabetes only IPC provided protection compared to IR (51 ± 15% vs. 21 ± 8%, p < 0.05). Neither IPC nor DiMAL modulated mitochondrial respiration in patients. Cardioprotection by SDH inhibition is possible in human tissue, but depends on diabetes status. The narrow therapeutic range and discrepancy in respiration between experimental and human studies may limit clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jacob Johnsen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Steen Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Hans-Henrik Kimose
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Amanakis G, Murphy E. Cyclophilin D: An Integrator of Mitochondrial Function. Front Physiol 2020; 11:595. [PMID: 32625108 PMCID: PMC7311779 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilin D (CypD) is a mitochondrial peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, well-known for regulating the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP), a nonspecific large conductance pore whose opening leads to cell death and has been implicated in ischemia/reperfusion injury in multiple organs, in neurodegenerative disorders, and in muscular dystrophies. While the main target of CypD is a matter of ongoing research, inhibiting CypD protects in models of those diseases making it an interesting therapeutic target. The present review focuses on post-translational modifications of CypD that have been identified by recent studies, which can alter the regulation of the PTP and contribute to understanding the mechanisms of action of CypD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Amanakis
- Cardiovascular Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Bøtker HE, Cabrera-Fuentes HA, Ruiz-Meana M, Heusch G, Ovize M. Translational issues for mitoprotective agents as adjunct to reperfusion therapy in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2717-2729. [PMID: 31967733 PMCID: PMC7077531 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre‐clinical studies have indicated that mitoprotective drugs may add cardioprotection beyond rapid revascularization, antiplatelet therapy and risk modification. We review the clinical efficacy of mitoprotective drugs that have progressed to clinical testing comprising cyclosporine A, KAI‐9803, MTP131 and TRO 40303. Whereas cyclosporine may reduce infarct size in patients undergoing primary angioplasty as evaluated by release of myocardial ischaemic biomarkers and infarct size imaging, the other drugs were not capable of demonstrating this effect in the clinical setting. The absent effect leaves the role of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore for reperfusion injury in humans unanswered and indicates that targeting one single mechanism to provide mitoprotection may not be efficient. Moreover, the lack of effect may relate to favourable outcome with current optimal therapy, but conditions such as age, sex, diabetes, dyslipidaemia and concurrent medications may also alter mitochondrial function. However, as long as the molecular structure of the pore remains unknown and specific inhibitors of its opening are lacking, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore remains a target for alleviation of reperfusion injury. Nevertheless, taking conditions such as ageing, sex, comorbidities and co‐medication into account may be of paramount importance during the design of pre‐clinical and clinical studies testing mitoprotective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Hector Alejandro Cabrera-Fuentes
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Cardiovascular Sciences Academic Clinical Programme and Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnologia-FEMSA, Monterrey, Mexico.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron-Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-CV, CIBER-CV, Spain
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen. Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Michel Ovize
- CarMeN Laboratory, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon and Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1060, Lyon, France
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