1
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Ala M. Noncoding Ribonucleic Acids (RNAs) May Improve Response to Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:2557-2572. [PMID: 39296265 PMCID: PMC11406708 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the seventh most common cause of cancer-related mortality. Despite different methods of treatment, nearly more than 90% of patients with PDAC die shortly after diagnosis. Contrary to promising results in other cancers, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) showed limited success in PDAC. Recent studies have shown that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are extensively involved in PDAC cell-immune cell interaction and mediate immune evasion in this vicious cancer. PDAC cells recruit numerous ncRNAs to widely affect the phenotype and function of immune cells through various mechanisms. For instance, PDAC cells upregulate miR-301a and downregulate miR-340 to induce M2 polarization of macrophages or overexpress miR-203, miR-146a, and miR-212-3p to downregulate toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), CD80, CD86, CD1a, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II, and CD83, thereby evading recognition by dendritic cells. By downregulating miR-4299 and miR-153, PDAC cells can decrease the expression of NK group 2D (NKG2D) and MHC class I chain-related molecules A and B (MICA/B) to blunt the natural killer (NK) cell response. PDAC cells also highly express lncRNA AL137789.1, hsa_circ_0046523, lncRNA LINC00460, and miR-155-5p to upregulate immune checkpoint proteins and escape T cell cytotoxicity. On the other hand, ncRNAs derived from suppressive immune cells promote proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance in PDAC cells. ncRNAs can be applied to overcome resistance to ICIs, monitor the immune microenvironment of PDAC, and predict response to ICIs. This Review article comprehensively discusses recent findings regarding the roles of ncRNAs in the immune evasion of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 1416634793, Iran
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2
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Marima R, Basera A, Miya T, Damane BP, Kandhavelu J, Mirza S, Penny C, Dlamini Z. Exosomal long non-coding RNAs in cancer: Interplay, modulation, and therapeutic avenues. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:887-900. [PMID: 38616862 PMCID: PMC11015109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In the intricate field of cancer biology, researchers are increasingly intrigued by the emerging role of exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) due to their multifaceted interactions, complex modulation mechanisms, and potential therapeutic applications. These exosomal lncRNAs, carried within extracellular vesicles, play a vital partin tumorigenesis and disease progression by facilitating communication networks between tumor cells and their local microenvironment, making them an ideal candidates for use in a liquid biopsy approach. However, exosomal lncRNAs remain an understudied area, especially in cancer biology. Therefore this review aims to comprehensively explore the dynamic interplay between exosomal lncRNAs and various cellular components, including interactions with tumor-stroma, immune modulation, and drug resistance mechanisms. Understanding the regulatory functions of exosomal lncRNAs in these processes can potentially unveil novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for cancer. Additionally, the emergence of RNA-based therapeutics presents exciting opportunities for targeting exosomal lncRNAs, offering innovative strategies to combat cancer progression and improve treatment outcomes. Thus, this review provides insights into the current understanding of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer biology, highlighting their crucial roles, regulatory mechanisms, and the evolving landscape of therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, we have also discussed the advantage of exosomes as therapeutic carriers of lncRNAs for the development of personalized targeted therapy for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahaba Marima
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChi Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Afra Basera
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChi Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thabiso Miya
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChi Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Botle Precious Damane
- Department of Surgery, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Jeyalakshmi Kandhavelu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sheefa Mirza
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Clement Penny
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChi Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, South Africa
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3
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Wei C, Zhang C, Zhou Y, Wang J, Jin Y. Progress of Exosomal LncRNAs in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8665. [PMID: 39201351 PMCID: PMC11354448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a prevalent malignant tumor with rising medication resistance and mortality. Due to a dearth of specific and trustworthy biomarkers and therapeutic targets, pancreatic cancer early detection and treatment are still not at their best. Exosomal LncRNAs have been found to be plentiful and persistent within exosomes, and they are capable of functioning whether the exosomes are traveling to close or distant cells. Furthermore, increasing evidence suggests that exosomal LncRNA, identified as an oncogene or tumor suppressor-control the growth, metastasis, and susceptibility of pancreatic cancer to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Promising prospects for both antitumor targets and diagnostic biomarkers are exosomal LncRNAs. The primary features of exosomal LncRNAs, their biological roles in the onset and progression of pancreatic cancer, and their potential as therapeutic targets and diagnostic molecular markers are outlined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yong Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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4
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Zhou X, Yan Y, Shen Y, Xu M, Xu W. Exosomes: Emerging Insights into the Progression of Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:4098-4113. [PMID: 39113699 PMCID: PMC11302877 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.97076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a very aggressive and fatal malignancy with few therapeutic choices and a poor prognosis. Understanding the molecular pathways that drive its growth is critical for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles secreted by numerous cell types, have recently emerged as essential intercellular communication mediators, with implications for tumor growth and metastasis. In this article, we present a review of current knowledge about exosomes and their role in pancreatic cancer progression We discuss the biogenesis and characteristics of exosomes, as well as their cargo and functional significance in tumor growth, immune evasion, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. We further emphasize the potential of exosomes as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives in using exosomes to improve patient outcomes in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Yongmin Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Ye Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreas Surgery, Aoyang Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
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5
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Qin C, Li T, Lin C, Zhao B, Li Z, Zhao Y, Wang W. The systematic role of pancreatic cancer exosomes: distant communication, liquid biopsy and future therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:264. [PMID: 39054529 PMCID: PMC11271018 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal diseases worldwide. Cancer-derived exosomes, benefiting from the protective role of the lipid membrane, exhibit remarkable stability in the circulatory system. These exosomes, released by tumor microenvironment, contain various biomolecules such as proteins, RNAs, and lipids that plays a pivotal role in mediating distant communication between the local pancreatic tumor and other organs or tissues. They facilitate the transfer of oncogenic factors to distant sites, contributing to the compromised body immune system, distant metastasis, diabetes, cachexia, and promoting a microenvironment conducive to tumor growth and metastasis in pancreatic cancer patients. Beyond their intrinsic roles, circulating exosomes in peripheral blood can be detected to facilitate accurate liquid biopsy. This approach offers a novel and promising method for the diagnosis and management of pancreatic cancer. Consequently, circulating exosomes are not only crucial mediators of systemic cell-cell communication during pancreatic cancer progression but also hold great potential as precise tools for pancreatic cancer management and treatment. Exosome-based liquid biopsy and therapy represent promising advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Exosomes can serve as drug delivery vehicles, enhancing the targeting and efficacy of anticancer treatments, modulating the immune system, and facilitating gene editing to suppress tumor growth. Ongoing research focuses on biomarker identification, drug delivery systems, and clinical trials to validate the safety and efficacy of exosome-based therapies, offering new possibilities for early diagnosis and precision treatment in pancreatic cancer. Leveraging the therapeutic potential of exosomes, including their ability to deliver targeted drugs and modulate immune responses, opens new avenues for innovative treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qin
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bangbo Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zeru Li
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weibin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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6
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Tiwari PK, Shanmugam P, Karn V, Gupta S, Mishra R, Rustagi S, Chouhan M, Verma D, Jha NK, Kumar S. Extracellular Vesicular miRNA in Pancreatic Cancer: From Lab to Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2179. [PMID: 38927885 PMCID: PMC11201547 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a prevalent lethal gastrointestinal cancer that generally does not show any symptoms until it reaches advanced stages, resulting in a high mortality rate. People at high risk, such as those with a family history or chronic pancreatitis, do not have a universally accepted screening protocol. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy demonstrate limited effectiveness in the management of pancreatic cancer, emphasizing the urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies. Recent studies indicated that the complex interaction among pancreatic cancer cells within the dynamic microenvironment, comprising the extracellular matrix, cancer-associated cells, and diverse immune cells, intricately regulates the biological characteristics of the disease. Additionally, mounting evidence suggests that EVs play a crucial role as mediators in intercellular communication by the transportation of different biomolecules, such as miRNA, proteins, DNA, mRNA, and lipids, between heterogeneous cell subpopulations. This communication mediated by EVs significantly impacts multiple aspects of pancreatic cancer pathogenesis, including proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. In this review, we delve into the pivotal role of EV-associated miRNAs in the progression, metastasis, and development of drug resistance in pancreatic cancer as well as their therapeutic potential as biomarkers and drug-delivery mechanisms for the management of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar Tiwari
- Biological and Bio-Computational Lab, Department of Life Science, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Poojhaa Shanmugam
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Mumbai 410206, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vamika Karn
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Mumbai 410206, Maharashtra, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Richa Mishra
- Department of Computer Engineering, Parul University, Ta. Waghodia, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life science, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mandeep Chouhan
- Biological and Bio-Computational Lab, Department of Life Science, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devvret Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biological and Bio-Computational Lab, Department of Life Science, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
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7
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Zhou Y, Feng J, Wang Q, Zhao Y, Ding H, Jiang K, Ji H, Tang Z, Dai R. Knowledge mapping and research trends of exosomes in pancreatic cancer: a bibliometric analysis and review (2013-2023). Front Oncol 2024; 14:1362436. [PMID: 38720811 PMCID: PMC11076735 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1362436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This review aims to provide a quantitative and qualitative bibliometric analysis of literature from 2013 to 2023 on the role of exosomes in PC, with the goal of identifying current trends and predicting future hotspots. Methods We retrieved relevant publications concerning exosomes in PC, published between 2013 and 2023, from the Web of Science Core Collection. Bibliometric analyses were conducted using VOSviewer(1.6.19), CiteSpace(6.2.R4), and Microsoft Excel (2019). Results A total of 624 papers were analyzed, authored by 4017 researchers from 55 countries/regions and 855 institutions, published in 258 academic journals. China (n=285, 34.42%) and the United States (n=183, 24.87%) were the most frequent contributors and collaborated closely. However, publications from China had a relatively low average number of citations (41.45 times per paper). The output of Shanghai Jiao Tong University ranked first, with 28 papers (accounting for 4.5% of the total publications). Cancers (n=31, 4.9%); published the most papers in this field. Researcher Margot Zoeller published the most papers (n=12) on this topic. Research hotspots mainly focused on the mechanisms of exosomes in PC onset and progression, the role of exosomes in PC early diagnosis and prognosis, exosomes promote the development of PC chemoresistance, and potential applications of exosomes as drug carriers for PC therapies. We observed a shift in research trends, from mechanistic studies toward clinical trials, suggesting that clinical applications will be the focus of future attention. Emerging topics were pancreatic stellate cells, diagnostic biomarkers, mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular vesicles. Conclusion Our scientometric and visual analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the literature on the role of exosomes in PC published during 2013-2023. This review identifies the frontiers and future directions in this area over the past decade, and is expected to provide a useful reference for researchers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjiang Zhou
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiajie Feng
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiwen Zhao
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanyu Ding
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kexin Jiang
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Ji
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruiwu Dai
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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8
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Yin C, Liufu C, Zhu T, Ye S, Jiang J, Wang M, Wang Y, Shi B. Bladder Cancer in Exosomal Perspective: Unraveling New Regulatory Mechanisms. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3677-3695. [PMID: 38681092 PMCID: PMC11048230 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s458397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer, a prevalent malignant neoplasm of the urinary tract, exhibits escalating morbidity and mortality rates. Current diagnosis standards rely on invasive and costly cystoscopy and histopathology, underscoring the urgency for non-invasive, high-throughput, and cost-effective novel diagnostic techniques to ensure timely detection and standardized treatment. Recent years have witnessed the rise of exosome research in bladder cancer studies. Exosomes contain abundant bioactive molecules that can help elucidate the intricate mechanisms underlying bladder cancer pathogenesis and metastasis. Exosomes hold potential as biomarkers for early bladder cancer diagnosis while also serving as targeted drug delivery vehicles to enhance treatment efficacy and mitigate adverse effects. Furthermore, exosome analyses offer insights into the complex molecular signaling networks implicated in bladder cancer progression, revealing novel therapeutic targets. This review provides a comprehensive overview of prevalent exosome isolation techniques and highlights the promising clinical utility of exosomes in both diagnostic and therapeutic applications in bladder cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yin
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cen Liufu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Ye
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Jiang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingxia Wang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Institute of Urology, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bentao Shi
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Saleh RO, Hjazi A, Bansal P, Ahmad I, Kaur H, Ali SHJ, Deorari M, Abosaoda MK, Hamzah HF, Mohammed BA. Mysterious interactions between macrophage-derived exosomes and tumors; what do we know? Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155261. [PMID: 38518733 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Through their ability to modify the tumor microenvironment and cancer cells, macrophages play a crucial role in the promotion of tumorigenesis, development of tumors and metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance. A growing body of research has indicated that exosomes may be essential for coordinating the communication between cancer cells and macrophages. One type of extracellular vehicle called an exosome is utilized for delivering a variety of molecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, to specific cells in order to produce pleiotropic effects. Exosomes derived from macrophages exhibit heterogeneity across various cancer types and function paradoxically, suppressing tumor growth while stimulating it, primarily through post-transcriptional control and protein phosphorylation regulation in the receiving cells. Exosomes released by various macrophage phenotypes offer a variety of therapeutic alternatives in the interim. We outlined the most recent developments in this article, including our understanding of the roles that mechanisms and macrophage-derived exosomal biogenesis play in mediating the progression of cancer and their possible therapeutic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed Obaid Saleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Iraq.
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Pooja Bansal
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560069, India; Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303012, India.
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh 247341, India; Department of Health & Allied Sciences, Arka Jain University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand 831001, India.
| | - Saad Hayif Jasim Ali
- Department of medical laboratory, College of Health and Medical Technololgy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq.
| | - Mahamedha Deorari
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
| | - Munther Kadhim Abosaoda
- College of pharmacy, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of pharmacy, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of pharmacy, the Islamic University of Babylon, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq.
| | - Hamza Fadhel Hamzah
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq.
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10
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Li S, Li W, Wu X, Zhang B, Liu L, Yin L. Immune cell-derived extracellular vesicles for precision therapy of inflammatory-related diseases. J Control Release 2024; 368:533-547. [PMID: 38462043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation-related diseases impose a significant global health burden, necessitating urgent exploration of novel treatment modalities for improved clinical outcomes. We begin by discussing the limitations of conventional approaches and underscore the pivotal involvement of immune cells in the inflammatory process. Amidst the rapid growth of immunology, the therapeutic potential of immune cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) has garnered substantial attention due to their capacity to modulate inflammatory response. We provide an in-depth examination of immune cell-derived EVs, delineating their promising roles across diverse disease conditions in both preclinical and clinical settings. Additionally, to direct the development of the next-generation drug delivery systems, we comprehensively investigate the engineered EVs on their advanced isolation methods, cargo loading techniques, and innovative engineering strategies. This review ends with a focus on the prevailing challenges and considerations regarding the clinical translation of EVs in future, emphasizing the need of standardized characterization and scalable production processes. Ultimately, immune cell-derived EVs represent a cutting-edge therapeutic approach and delivery platform, holding immense promise in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xianggui Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Beiyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lisha Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Lifang Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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11
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Al-Hawary SIS, Saleh RO, Taher SG, Ahmed SM, Hjazi A, Yumashev A, Ghildiyal P, Qasim MT, Alawadi A, Ihsan A. Tumor-derived lncRNAs: Behind-the-scenes mediators that modulate the immune system and play a role in cancer pathogenesis. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155123. [PMID: 38277740 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Having been involved in complex cellular regulatory networks and cell-to-cell communications, non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have become functional carriers that transmit information between cells and tissues, modulate tumor microenvironments, encourage angiogenesis and invasion, and make tumor cells more resistant to drugs. Immune cells' exosomal lncRNAs may be introduced into tumor cells to influence the tumor's course and the treatment's effectiveness. Research has focused on determining if non-coding RNAs affect many target genes to mediate regulating recipient cells. The tumor microenvironment's immune and cancer cells are influenced by lncRNAs, which may impact a treatment's efficacy. The lncRNA-mediated interaction between cancer cells and immune cells invading the tumor microenvironment has been the subject of numerous recent studies. On the other hand, tumor-derived lncRNAs' control over the immune system has not gotten much attention and is still a relatively new area of study. Tumor-derived lncRNAs are recognized to contribute to tumor immunity, while the exact mechanism is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raed Obaid Saleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Iraq.
| | - Sada Gh Taher
- National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | | | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alexey Yumashev
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pallavi Ghildiyal
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Maytham T Qasim
- College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar 64001, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Alawadi
- College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar 64001, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - Ali Ihsan
- College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Iraq; Department of Pediatrics, General Medicine Practice Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technique, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq
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12
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Niu L, Wang Q, Feng F, Yang W, Xie Z, Zheng G, Zhou W, Duan L, Du K, Li Y, Tian Y, Chen J, Xie Q, Fan A, Dan H, Liu J, Fan D, Hong L, Zhang J, Zheng J. Small extracellular vesicles-mediated cellular interactions between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages: Implication for immunotherapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166917. [PMID: 37820821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment consists of cancer cells and various stromal cells, including macrophages, which exhibit diverse phenotypes with either pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) effects. The interaction between cancer cells and macrophages plays a crucial role in tumor progression. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), which facilitate intercellular communication, are known to play a vital role in this process. This review provides a comprehensive summary of how sEVs derived from cancer cells, containing miRNAs, lncRNAs, proteins, and lipids, can influence macrophage polarization. Additionally, we discuss the impact of macrophage-secreted sEVs on tumor malignant transformation, including effects on proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, and immune escape. Furthermore, we address the therapeutic advancements and current challenges associated with macrophage-associated sEVs, along with potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liaoran Niu
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Fan Feng
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wanli Yang
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenyu Xie
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gaozan Zheng
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lili Duan
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kunli Du
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiding Li
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junfeng Chen
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qibin Xie
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aqiang Fan
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hanjun Dan
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinqiang Liu
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liu Hong
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Jianyong Zheng
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Aviation Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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13
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Arab I, Park J, Shin JJ, Shin HS, Suk K, Lee WH. Macrophage lncRNAs in cancer development: Long-awaited therapeutic targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115890. [PMID: 37884197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment, the interplay among macrophages, cancer cells, and endothelial cells is multifaceted. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which often exhibit an M2 phenotype, contribute to tumor growth and angiogenesis, while cancer cells and endothelial cells reciprocally influence macrophage behavior. This complex interrelationship highlights the importance of targeting these interactions for the development of novel cancer therapies aimed at disrupting tumor progression and angiogenesis. Accumulating evidence underscores the indispensable involvement of lncRNAs in shaping macrophage functionality and contributing to the development of cancer. Animal studies have further validated the therapeutic potential of manipulating macrophage lncRNA activity to ameliorate disease severity and reduce morbidity rates. This review provides a survey of our current understanding of macrophage-associated lncRNAs, with a specific emphasis on their molecular targets and their regulatory impact on cancer progression. These lncRNAs predominantly govern macrophage polarization, favoring the dominance of M2 macrophages or TAMs. Exosomes or extracellular vesicles mediate lncRNA transfer between macrophages and cancer cells, affecting cellular functions of each other. Moreover, this review presents therapeutic strategies targeting cancer-associated lncRNAs. The insights and findings presented in this review pertaining to macrophage lncRNAs can offer valuable information for the development of treatments against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imene Arab
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongkwang Park
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Shin
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeung-Seob Shin
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Vahabi M, Comandatore A, Centra C, Blandino G, Morelli L, Giovannetti E. Thinking small to win big? A critical review on the potential application of extracellular vesicles for biomarker discovery and new therapeutic approaches in pancreatic cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 97:50-67. [PMID: 37956937 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely deadly form of cancer, with limited progress in 5-year survival rates despite significant research efforts. The main challenges in treating PDAC include difficulties in early detection, and resistance to current therapeutic approaches due to aggressive molecular and microenvironment features. These challenges emphasize the importance of identifying clinically validated biomarkers for early detection and clinical management. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, have emerged as crucial mediators of intercellular communication by transporting molecular cargo. Recent research has unveiled their role in initiation, metastasis, and chemoresistance of PDAC. Consequently, utilizing EVs in liquid biopsies holds promise for the identification of biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, and monitoring of drug efficacy. However, numerous limitations, including challenges in isolation and characterization of homogeneous EVs populations, as well as the absence of standardized protocols, can affect the reliability of studies involving EVs as biomarkers, underscoring the necessity for a prudent approach. EVs have also garnered considerable attention as a promising drug delivery system and novel therapy for tumors. The loading of biomolecules or chemical drugs into exosomes and their subsequent delivery to target cells can effectively impede tumor progression. Nevertheless, there are obstacles that must be overcome to ensure the accuracy and efficacy of therapies relying on EVs for the treatment of tumors. In this review, we examine both recent advancements and remaining obstacles, exploring the potential of utilizing EVs in biomarker discovery as well as for the development of drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahrou Vahabi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annalisa Comandatore
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Centra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Laboratory, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Morelli
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Pisa, Italy.
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15
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Zhang W, Zhou R, Liu X, You L, Chen C, Ye X, Liu J, Liang Y. Key role of exosomes derived from M2 macrophages in maintaining cancer cell stemness (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 63:126. [PMID: 37711063 PMCID: PMC10609468 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) constitute a specific subset of cells found within tumors that are responsible for initiating, advancing and resisting traditional cancer treatments. M2 macrophages, also known as alternatively activated macrophages, contribute to the development and progression of cancer through their involvement in promoting angiogenesis, suppressing the immune system, supporting tumor growth and facilitating metastasis. Exosomes, tiny vesicles released by cells, play a crucial role in intercellular communications and have been shown to be associated with cancer development and progression by influencing the immune response; thus, they may serve as markers for diagnosis and prognosis. Currently, investigating the impact of exosomes derived from M2 macrophages on the maintenance of CSCs is a crucial area of research with the aim of developing novel therapeutic strategies to target this process and improve outcomes for individuals with cancer. Understanding the biological functions of exosomes derived from M2 macrophages and their involvement in cancer may lead to the formulation of novel diagnostic tools and treatments for this disease. By targeting M2 macrophages and the exosomes they secrete, promising prospects emerge for cancer treatment, given their substantial contribution to cancer development and progression. Further research is required to fully grasp the intricate interactions between CSCs, M2 macrophages and exosomes in cancer, and to identify fresh targets for cancer therapy. The present review explores the pivotal roles played by exosomes derived from M2 cells in maintaining the stem‑like properties of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
| | - Ruiping Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Yantian District People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518081, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Yantian District People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518081, P.R. China
| | - Lin You
- Department of Stomatology, Yantian District People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518081, P.R. China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Yantian District People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518081, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Ye
- Department of Stomatology, Yantian District People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518081, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Yantian District People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518081, P.R. China
| | - Youde Liang
- Department of Stomatology, Yantian District People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518081, P.R. China
- Department of Stomatology, The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518081, P.R. China
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16
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Wu W, He J. Unveiling the functional paradigm of exosome-derived long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer: based on a narrative review and systematic review. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:15219-15247. [PMID: 37578522 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05273-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The intricate mechanisms underlying intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment remain largely elusive. Recently, attention has shifted towards exploring the intercellular signaling mediated by exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) within this context. This comprehensive systematic review aims to elucidate the functional paradigm of exosome-derived lncRNAs in cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The review provides a comprehensive narrative of lncRNA definition, characteristics, as well as the formation, sorting, and uptake processes of exosome-derived lncRNAs. Additionally, it describes comprehensive technology for exosome research and nucleic acid drug loading. This review further systematically examines the cellular origins, functional roles, and underlying mechanisms of exosome-derived lncRNAs in recipient cells within the cancer setting. RESULTS The functional paradigm of exosome-derived lncRNAs in cancer mainly depends on the source cells and sorting mechanism of exosomal lncRNAs, the recipient cells and uptake mechanisms of exosomal lncRNAs, and the specific molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in recipient cells. The source cells of exosomal lncRNAs mainly involved in the current review included tumor cells, cancer stem cells, normal cells, macrophages, and cancer-associated fibroblasts. CONCLUSION This synthesis of knowledge offers valuable insights for accurately identifying exosomal lncRNAs with potential as tumor biomarkers. Moreover, it aids in the selection of appropriate targeting strategies and preclinical models, thereby facilitating the clinical translation of exosomal lncRNAs as promising therapeutic targets against cancer. Through a comprehensive understanding of the functional role of exosome-derived lncRNAs in cancer, this review paves the way for advancements in personalized medicine and improved treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Wu
- Department of General Surgery (Gastrointestinal Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Jia He
- Faculty Affairs and Human Resources Management Department, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Bin Wang, Yuan C, Qie Y, Dang S. Long non-coding RNAs and pancreatic cancer: A multifaceted view. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115601. [PMID: 37774671 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly malignant disease with a 5-year survival rate of only 10%. Families with PC are at greater risk, as are type 2 diabetes, pancreatitis, and other factors. Insufficient early detection methods make this cancer have a poor prognosis. Additionally, the molecular mechanisms underlying PC development remain unclear. Increasing evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to PC pathology,which may control gene expression by recruiting histone modification complexes to chromatin and interacting with proteins and RNAs. In recent studies, abnormal regulation of lncRNAs has been implicated in PC proliferation, metastasis, invasion, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and chemotherapy resistance suggesting potential clinical implications. The paper reviews the progress of lncRNA research in PC about diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis, cancer metastasis, tumor microenvironment regulation, and chemoresistance. Furthermore, lncRNAs may serve as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for PC diagnosis and prognosis. This will help improve PC patients' survival rate from a lncRNA perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- General Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Chang Yuan
- General Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Yinyin Qie
- General Surgery Department, Yixing People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214200, China
| | - Shengchun Dang
- General Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, China; Siyang Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu 223700, China.
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18
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Fyfe J, Dye D, Razak NBA, Metharom P, Falasca M. Immune evasion on the nanoscale: Small extracellular vesicles in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma immunity. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 96:36-47. [PMID: 37748738 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a type of cancer alarmingly expanding in our modern societies that is still proving to be very challenging to counteract. This disease constitutes a quintessential example of the multiple interactions existing between the tumour and its surrounding microenvironment. In particular, PDAC is characterized by a very immunosuppressive environment that favours cancer growth and makes this cancer type very resistant to immunotherapy. The primary tumour releases many factors that influence both the microenvironment and the immune landscape. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), recently identified as indispensable entities ensuring cell-to-cell communication in both physiological and pathological processes, seem to play a pivotal function in ensuring the delivery of these factors to the tumour-surrounding tissues. In this review, we summarize the present understanding on the crosstalk among tumour cells and the cellular immune microenvironment emphasizing the pro-malignant role played by extracellular vesicles. We also discuss how a greater knowledge of the roles of EVs in tumour immune escape could be translated into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Fyfe
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute [1], Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Danielle Dye
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute [1], Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Norbaini Binti Abdol Razak
- Platelet Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute [1], Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Pat Metharom
- Platelet Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute [1], Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute [1], Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; University of Parma, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy.
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19
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Xu L, Li K, Li J, Xu F, Liang S, Kong Y, Chen B. M2 macrophage exosomal LINC01001 promotes non-small cell lung cancer development by affecting METTL3 and glycolysis pathway. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:1569-1580. [PMID: 37666899 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
There have been data showing that LINC01001 is highly expressed in lung cancer, but the effect of M2 macrophage exosomal LINC01001 to METTL3, glycolysis and immunity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been reported. In this study, we aimed to explore the regulatory effect and mechanism of M2 macrophage exosomal LINC01001 in NSCLC. The results of our study show that the verification of macrophage exosomes, it was confirmed that exosomes regulated proliferation, glucose intake, lactate production and ATP levels of NSCLC cells. Exosomes also promoted the expression of METTL3. Bioinformatics screening showed that LINC01001 regulated METTL3. Subsequent experiments revealed exosomal LINC01001 influenced the glycolysis processes of NSCLC cells. Through RIP, it was proved that LINC01001 functioned in combination with METTL3. Bioinformatics predicted that NASP was a METTL3-targeted gene. LINC01001 could also regulate NASP methylation. Tumorigenesis in mice also indicated that LINC01001 mediated METTL3 to stimulate the development of tumors. In this study, LINC01001 was successfully verified in the exosomes-derived from M2 macrophages. It was confirmed that LINC01001 could interact with METTL3 and regulate glycolysis process in NSCLC cells. LINC01001 also inhibited T cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- The Second Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, P. R. China
| | - Kang Li
- The Second Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- The Second Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, P. R. China
| | - Fang Xu
- The Second Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, P. R. China
| | - Shuzhi Liang
- The Second Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, P. R. China
| | - Yi Kong
- The Second Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, P. R. China.
| | - Bolin Chen
- The Second Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, P. R. China.
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20
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Li L, Wang C, Li Q, Guan Y, Zhang X, Kong F, Feng Z, Lu Y, Wang D, Wang N. Exosomes as a modulator of immune resistance in human cancers. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 73:135-149. [PMID: 37543438 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment (TME), exosomes secreted by cells form interactive networks between the tumor cells and immune cells, thereby regulating immune signaling cascades in the TME. As key messengers of cell-to-cell communication in the TME, exosomes not only take charge of tumor cell antigen presentation to the immune cells, but also regulate the activities of immune cells, inhibit immune function, and, especially, promote immune resistance, all of which affects the therapeutic outcomes of tumors. Exosomes, which are small-sized vesicles, possess some remarkable advantages, including strong biological activity, a lack of immunogenicity and toxicity, and a strong targeting ability. Based on these characteristics, research on exosomes as biomarkers or carriers of tumor therapeutic drugs has become a research hotspot in related fields. This review describes the role of exosomes in cell communications in the TME, summarizes the effectiveness of exosome-based immunotherapy in overcoming immune resistance in cancer treatment, and systematically summarizes and discusses the characteristics of exosomes from different cell sources. Furthermore, the prospects and challenges of exosome-related therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanzhou Li
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Chunyue Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Qiucheng Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yue Guan
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Fange Kong
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Zixin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yuanjun Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Di Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China.
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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21
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Chang J, Lo ZHY, Alenizi S, Kovacevic Z. Re-Shaping the Pancreatic Cancer Tumor Microenvironment: A New Role for the Metastasis Suppressor NDRG1. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2779. [PMID: 37345116 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PaC) is a highly aggressive disease, with poor response to current treatments and 5-year survival rates of 10-15%. PaC progression is facilitated by its interaction with the complex and multifaceted tumor microenvironment (TME). In the TME, cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells constantly communicate with each other via the secretion and uptake of factors including cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, metabolites, and extracellular vesicles (EVs), reshaping the landscape of PaC. Recent studies demonstrated that the metastasis suppressor N-myc downstream regulated 1 (NDRG1) not only inhibits oncogenic signaling pathways in PaC cells but also alters the communication between PaC cells and the surrounding stroma. In fact, NDRG1 was found to influence the secretome of PaC cells, alter cancer cell metabolism, and interfere with intracellular trafficking and intercellular communication between PaC cells and surrounding fibroblasts. This review will present recent advancements in understanding the role of NDRG1 in PaC progression, with a focus on how this molecule influences PaC-stroma communication and its potential for re-shaping the PaC TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chang
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of NSW, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Zoe H Y Lo
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Shafi Alenizi
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of NSW, Sydney 2052, Australia
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22
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J Saadh M, Abedi Kiasari B, Shahrtash SA, Arias-Gonzáles JL, Chaitanya M, Cotrina-Aliaga JC, Kadham MJ, Sârbu I, Akhavan-Sigari R. Exosomal non-coding RNAs' role in immune regulation and potential therapeutic applications. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 247:154522. [PMID: 37201467 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are now significant players in both healthy and unhealthy cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes can mediate immune activation or immunosuppression, which can influence the growth of tumors. Exosomes affect the immune responses to malignancies in various ways by interacting with tumor cells and the environment around them. Exosomes made by immune cells can control the growth, metastasis, and even chemosensitivity of tumor cells. In contrast, exosomes produced by cancer cells can encourage immune responses that support the tumor. Exosomes carry circular RNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and microRNAs (miRNAs), all involved in cell-to-cell communication. In this review, we focus on the most recent findings concerning the role of exosomal miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in immune modulation and the potential therapeutic implications of these discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan; Applied Science Research Center. Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Bahman Abedi Kiasari
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Abbas Shahrtash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Alborz Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mvnl Chaitanya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Lovely professional university Phagwara, Punjab 144001, India
| | | | | | - Ioan Sârbu
- 2nd Department of Surgery - Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania.
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Alipoor SD, Chang H. Exosomal miRNAs in the Tumor Microenvironment of Multiple Myeloma. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071030. [PMID: 37048103 PMCID: PMC10092980 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of plasma cells in the bone marrow and is characterized by the clonal proliferation of B-cells producing defective monoclonal immunoglobulins. Despite the latest developments in treatment, drug resistance remains one of the major challenges in the therapy of MM. The crosstalk between MM cells and other components within the bone marrow microenvironment (BME) is the major determinant of disease phenotypes. Exosomes have emerged as the critical drivers of this crosstalk by allowing the delivery of informational cargo comprising multiple components from miniature peptides to nucleic acids. Such material transfers have now been shown to perpetuate drug-resistance development and disease progression in MM. MicroRNAs(miRNAs) specifically play a crucial role in this communication considering their small size that allows them to be readily packed within the exosomes and widespread potency that impacts the developmental trajectory of the disease inside the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the current understanding of the role of exosomal miRNAs in the epigenetic modifications inside the TME and its pathogenic influence on the developmental phenotypes and prognosis of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamila D. Alipoor
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran P5X9+7F9, Iran
| | - Hong Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
- Correspondence:
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24
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Zhang H, Liu L, Liu J, Dang P, Hu S, Yuan W, Sun Z, Liu Y, Wang C. Roles of tumor-associated macrophages in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy for solid cancers. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:58. [PMID: 36941614 PMCID: PMC10029244 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has made significant progress. However, tumor immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors), benefits only a tiny proportion of patients in solid cancers. The tumor microenvironment (TME) acts a significant role in tumor immunotherapy. Studies reported that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), as one of the main components of TME, seriously affected the therapeutic effect of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. In this review, we analyzed TAMs from epigenetic and single-cell perspectives and introduced the role and mechanisms of TAMs in anti-programmed death protein 1(anti-PD-1) therapy. In addition, we summarized combination regimens that enhance the efficacy of tumor PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and elaborated on the role of the TAMs in different solid cancers. Eventually, the clinical value of TAMs by influencing the therapeutic effect of tumor PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors was discussed. These above are beneficial to elucidate poor therapeutic effect of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in solid tumors from the point of view of TAMs and explore the strategies to improve its objective remission rate of solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Henan Institute of Interconnected Intelligent Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Pengyuan Dang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shengyun Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Weitang Yuan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Henan Institute of Interconnected Intelligent Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Chengzeng Wang
- Henan Institute of Interconnected Intelligent Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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25
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The Role of Exosomes in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression and Their Potential as Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061776. [PMID: 36980662 PMCID: PMC10046651 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common pancreatic malignancy, is an aggressive and lethal cancer with a dismal five-year survival rate. Despite remarkable improvements in cancer therapeutics, the clinical outcome of PDAC patients remains poor due to late diagnosis of the disease. This highlights the importance of early detection, wherein biomarker evaluation including exosomes would be helpful. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), are cell-secreted entities with diameters ranging from 50 to 150 nm that deliver cellular contents (e.g., proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) from parent cells to regulate the cellular processes of targeted cells. Recently, an increasing number of studies have reported that exosomes serve as messengers to facilitate stromal-immune crosstalk within the PDAC tumor microenvironment (TME), and their contents are indicative of disease progression. Moreover, evidence suggests that exosomes with specific surface markers are capable of distinguishing patients with PDAC from healthy individuals. Detectable exosomes in bodily fluids (e.g., blood, urine, saliva, and pancreatic juice) are omnipresent and may serve as promising biomarkers for improving early detection and evaluating patient prognosis. In this review, we shed light on the involvement of exosomes and their cargos in processes related to disease progression, including chemoresistance, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and immunomodulation, and their potential as prognostic markers. Furthermore, we highlight feasible clinical applications and the limitations of exosomes in liquid biopsies as tools for early diagnosis as well as disease monitoring. Taking advantage of exosomes to improve diagnostic capacity may provide hope for PDAC patients, although further investigation is urgently needed.
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Feng J, He W, Xia J, Huang Q, Yang J, Gu WP, Zhang N, Liu YH. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomal circDLGAP4 promotes angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating miR-320/KLF5 axis. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22733. [PMID: 36723877 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201488r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hUC-MSCs-Exos) are a promising therapeutic strategy for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. hUC-MSCs-Exos were identified by electron microscopy, NTA, and Western blotting. In the hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) cell model, human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) were cocultured with hUC-MSCs-Exos. Then, cell viability, migration, apoptosis, and tube formation were measured by MTT, flow cytometry, transwell, and tube formation assays. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to detect the changes in RNA and protein. RNA pull-down and dual luciferase reporter assays confirmed the relationship between circDLGAP4, miR-320, and KLF5. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) rat model was established for in vivo experiments. hUC-MSCs-Exos increased the expression levels of circDLGAP4 and KLF5 but decreased miR-320 in H/R-treated HBMECs by transferring exosomal circDLGAP4. Knockdown of circDLGAP4 in hUC-MSCs-Exos reversed the promoting effects of hUC-MSCs-Exos on cell viability, migration, and tube formation in H/R-treated HBMECs in vitro and also abolished the protective effects of hUC-MSCs-Exos on cerebrovascular injury in I/R rats. Mechanistically, exosomal circDLGAP4 negatively regulated miR-320 in HBMECs, which directly bound to KLF5. In addition, the downregulation of miR-320 could reverse the regulatory effect of exosomal shcircDLGAL5 in H/R-treated HBMECs by upregulating KLF5. hUC-MSCs-Exos-derived circDLGAP4 reduced cerebrovascular injury by regulating miR-320/KLF5 signaling. These results provide a stem cell-based approach to treat CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,Hunan Provincial Cerebrovascular Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Changsha, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,Hunan Provincial Cerebrovascular Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xia
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,Hunan Provincial Cerebrovascular Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,Hunan Provincial Cerebrovascular Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,Hunan Provincial Cerebrovascular Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Ping Gu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,Hunan Provincial Cerebrovascular Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,Hunan Provincial Cerebrovascular Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Hai Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,Hunan Provincial Cerebrovascular Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Changsha, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
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27
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MicroRNA-122 in human cancers: from mechanistic to clinical perspectives. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:29. [PMID: 36803831 PMCID: PMC9940444 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02868-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous short non-coding RNAs that can regulate the expression of target genes post-transcriptionally and interact with mRNA-coding genes. MiRNAs play vital roles in many biological functions, and abnormal miRNA expression has been linked to various illnesses, including cancer. Among the miRNAs, miR-122, miR-206, miR-21, miR-210, miR-223, and miR-424 have been extensively studied in various cancers. Although research in miRNAs has grown considerably over the last decade, much is yet to be discovered, especially regarding their role in cancer therapies. Several kinds of cancer have been linked to dysregulation and abnormal expression of miR-122, indicating that miR-122 may serve as a diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker for human cancer. Consequently, in this review literature, miR-122 has been analyzed in numerous cancer types to sort out the function of cancer cells miR-122 and enhance patient response to standard therapy.
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28
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Hussain SA, Venkatesh T. YBX1/lncRNA SBF2-AS1 interaction regulates proliferation and tamoxifen sensitivity via PI3K/AKT/MTOR signaling in breast cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3413-3428. [PMID: 36754932 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) is a multifunctional oncoprotein that can interact with several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) to regulate metastasis in malignancies including breast cancer (BC). In the present study, we demonstrated the association of YBX1 with oncogenic lncRNA SBF2-AS1 (SET-binding factor 2 antisense RNA 1) via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling to regulate BC cell proliferation. We further explored the involvement of the YBX1/SBF2-AS1/PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis in the restoration of tamoxifen (TAM) sensitivity. METHODS AND RESULTS YBX1-SBF2-AS1 association was predicted in silico and verified by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP)-qPCR assay. Transfection experiments, Real-time RT PCR, Western blots, Phospho AKT/mTOR antibody array kit, and cell proliferation/apoptosis assays were employed to detect the YBX1/SBF2-AS1/ PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis and its effects upon TAM treatment in vitro. We identified that the YBX1 protein specifically binds to lncRNA SBF2-AS1. Our transfection experiments in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 cells with SBF2-AS1 silenced or overexpressed YBX1 plasmids, and their negative controls revealed that YBX1 regulates the expression of SBF2-AS1 by forming a positive feedback loop for its activation. We further demonstrated YBX1-SBF2-AS1 association exerts its effects on cell proliferation via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore, we observed an increase in TAM sensitivity in BC cells after the knockdown of YBX1-SBF2-AS1 marked by decreased cell proliferation through disruption of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis. CONCLUSION Our study has identified a novel YBX1/SBF2-AS1/PI3K/AKT/mTOR regulatory axis which may serve as a potential target to improve the effectiveness and efficacy of TAM treatment in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaharbhanu A Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Thejaswini Venkatesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India.
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29
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Chen QY, Gao B, Tong D, Huang C. Crosstalk between extracellular vesicles and tumor-associated macrophage in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2023; 552:215979. [PMID: 36306939 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In concert with hijacking key genes to drive tumor progression, cancer cells also have the unique ability to dynamically interact with host microenvironment and discreetly manipulate the surrounding stroma, also known as the tumor microenvironment (TME), to provide optimal conditions for tumor cells to thrive and evade host immunity. Complex cellular crosstalk and molecular signaling between cancer cells, surrounding non-malignant cells, and non-cellular components are involved in this process. While intercellular communication traditionally centers around chemokines, cytokines, inflammatory mediators, and growth factors, emerging pathways involving extracellular vesicles (EVs) are gaining increasing attention. The immunosuppressive TME is created and maintained in part by the large abundance of tumor-associated macrophages (TMAs), which are associated with drug resistance, poor prognosis, and have emerged as potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. TMAs are highly dynamic, and can be polarized into either M1 or M2-like macrophages. EVs are efficient cell-cell communication molecules that have been catapulted to the center of TMA polarization. In this article, we provide detailed examination of the determinative role of EVs in sustaining the TME through mediating crosstalk between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Yi Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Dongdong Tong
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Biomedical Experimental Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Environmenta and Genes Related to Diseases Key Laboratory of Education Ministry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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30
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Wang D, Liu Y, Diao S, Shan L, Zhou J. Long Non-Coding RNAs Within Macrophage-Derived Exosomes Promote BMSC Osteogenesis in a Bone Fracture Rat Model. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:1063-1083. [PMID: 36879890 PMCID: PMC9985426 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s398446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effect of macrophage exosomal long non-coding (lnc)RNAs on bone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) osteogenesis and the associated mechanism. Methods Rat BMSCs and spleen macrophages were co-cultured with serum derived from the fracture microenvironment of rat tibia. BMSC osteogenesis was evaluated using Alizarin red staining and the expression of BMP-2, RUNX2, OPN, and OC mRNA. BMSC osteogenesis was evaluated after co-culture with macrophages stimulated using hypoxic conditions or colony-stimulating factor (CSF). The uptake of macrophage-derived exosomes by BMSCs was evaluated using the exosome uptake assay. High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify key lncRNAs in the macrophage exosomes. The effect of lncRNA expression levels on BMSC osteogenesis was also assessed using a lncRNA overexpression plasmid and siRNA technology. M1 and M2 macrophages were distinguished using flow cytometry and the key exosomal lncRNA was detected by in situ hybridization. Results In the fracture microenvironment, macrophages (stimulated using either hypoxia or CSF) significantly increased the osteogenic ability of BMSCs. We showed that BMSCs assimilated macrophage-derived vesicles and that the inhibition of exosomal secretion significantly attenuated the macrophage-mediated induction of BMSC osteogenesis. The hypoxia condition led to the up-regulation of 310 lncRNAs and the down-regulation of 575 lncRNAs in macrophage exosomes, while CSF stimulation caused the up-regulation of 557 lncRNAs and the down-regulation of 407 lncRNAs. In total, 108 lncRNAs were co-up-regulated and 326 lncRNAs were co-down-regulated under both conditions. We eventually identified LOC103691165 as a key lncRNA that promoted BMSC osteogenesis and was expressed at similar levels in both M1 and M2 macrophages. Conclusion In the fracture microenvironment, M1 and M2 macrophages promoted BMSC osteogenesis by secreting exosomes containing LOC103691165.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Diao
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shan
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
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31
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Decoding Roles of Exosomal lncRNAs in Tumor-Immune Regulation and Therapeutic Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010286. [PMID: 36612282 PMCID: PMC9818565 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanovesicles secreted into biofluids by various cell types and have been implicated in different physiological and pathological processes. Interestingly, a plethora of studies emphasized the mediating role of exosomes in the bidirectional communication between donor and recipient cells. Among the various cargoes of exosomes, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as crucial regulators between cancer cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that can interfere with innate and adaptive immune responses to affect the therapeutic efficiency. Recently, a few major studies have focused on the exosomal lncRNA-mediated interaction between cancer cells and immune cells infiltrated into TME. Nevertheless, a dearth of studies pertains to the immune regulating role of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer and is still in the early stages. Comprehensive mechanisms of exosomal lncRNAs in tumor immunity are not well understood. Herein, we provide an overview of the immunomodulatory function of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer and treatment resistance. In addition, we also summarize the potential therapeutic strategies toward exosomal lncRNAs in TME.
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32
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Roshani M, Baniebrahimi G, Mousavi M, Zare N, Sadeghi R, Salarinia R, Sheida A, Molavizadeh D, Sadeghi S, Moammer F, Zolfaghari MR, Mirzaei H. Exosomal long non-coding RNAs: novel molecules in gastrointestinal cancers' progression and diagnosis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1014949. [PMID: 36591473 PMCID: PMC9795196 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1014949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers arise in the GI tract and accessory organs, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, biliary tract, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. GI cancers are a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Exosomes act as mediators of cell-to-cell communication, with pleiotropic activity in the regulation of homeostasis, and can be markers for diseases. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), can be transported by exosomes derived from tumor cells or non-tumor cells. They can be taken by recipient cells to alter their function or remodel the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, due to their uniquely low immunogenicity and excellent stability, exosomes can be used as natural carriers for therapeutic ncRNAs in vivo. Exosomal lncRNAs have a crucial role in regulating several cancer processes, including angiogenesis, proliferation, drug resistance, metastasis, and immunomodulation. Exosomal lncRNA levels frequently alter according to the onset and progression of cancer. Exosomal lncRNAs can therefore be employed as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Exosomal lncRNAs can also monitor the patient's response to chemotherapy while also serving as potential targets for cancer treatment. Here, we discuss the role of exosomal lncRNAs in the biology and possible future treatment of GI cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Roshani
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Baniebrahimi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Mousavi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Noushid Zare
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Sadeghi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Salarinia
- Department of Advanced Technologies, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sheida
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran,Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Danial Molavizadeh
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran,Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sara Sadeghi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran,Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Moammer
- Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran,*Correspondence: Farzaneh Moammer, ; Mohammad Reza Zolfaghari, ; Hamed Mirzaei, ;
| | - Mohammad Reza Zolfaghari
- Department of Microbiology, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran,*Correspondence: Farzaneh Moammer, ; Mohammad Reza Zolfaghari, ; Hamed Mirzaei, ;
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran,*Correspondence: Farzaneh Moammer, ; Mohammad Reza Zolfaghari, ; Hamed Mirzaei, ;
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New Therapeutics for Extracellular Vesicles: Delivering CRISPR for Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415758. [PMID: 36555398 PMCID: PMC9779094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers are defined by genetic defects, which underlines the prospect of using gene therapy in patient care. During the past decade, CRISPR technology has rapidly evolved into a powerful gene editing tool with high fidelity and precision. However, one of the impediments slowing down the clinical translation of CRISPR-based gene therapy concerns the lack of ideal delivery vectors. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized membrane sacs naturally released from nearly all types of cells. Although EVs are secreted for bio-information conveyance among cells or tissues, they have been recognized as superior vectors for drug or gene delivery. Recently, emerging evidence has spotlighted EVs in CRISPR delivery towards cancer treatment. In this review, we briefly introduce the biology and function of the CRISPR system and follow this with a summary of current delivery methods for CRISPR applications. We emphasize the recent progress in EV-mediated CRISPR editing for various cancer types and target genes. The reported strategies for constructing EV-CRISPR vectors, as well as their limitations, are discussed in detail. The review aims to throw light on the clinical potential of engineered EVs and encourage the expansion of our available toolkit to defeat cancer.
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Wei L, Zhao D. M2 macrophage-derived exosomal miR-145-5p protects against the hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced pyroptosis of cardiomyocytes by inhibiting TLR4 expression. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1376. [PMID: 36660616 PMCID: PMC9843320 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-6109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Exosomes carrying micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) protect against myocardial ischemic injury. In the study, we sought to investigate the protective effect mechanism of M2 macrophage-derived exosome miR-145-5p in hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cardiomyocytes. Methods M2 macrophages were isolated and induced from blood donated by healthy donors. M2 macrophages were transfected with or without miR-145-5p. Exosomes derived from M2 macrophages were isolated and identified by flow cytometry, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). AC16 cells were used to establish an H/R model, and cell activity was detected using a Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8). Western blot was used to detect the expression of gasdermin D (GSDMD), nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), and caspase-1 in the H/R-induced AC16 cells to evaluate pyroptosis. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the positive rates of PKH26 and caspase-1. Combined with database prediction, dual luciferase reporter assays were used to validate toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) as a downstream target molecule of miR-145-5p. A real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis and western blot were used to detect the expression of TLR4 in the AC16 cells. Results Flow cytometry, western blot, nanoparticle tracking and TEM results confirmed the successful isolation of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes. CCK-8 results showed M2 macrophage-derived exosomes decreased the viability of the H/R-induced cells. Western blot results showed the expressions of GSDMD, caspase-1, and NLRP3 were significantly downregulated in the H/R group. Moreover, CCK-8 results showed the M2 macrophage-derived exosome miR-145-5p significantly ameliorated H/R-induced AC16 cellular activity. Western blot results confirmed the expressions of GSDMD, NLRP3, and caspase-1 were significantly downregulated in the macrophage-derived exosome miR-145-5p group compared to the M2 macrophage-derived exosome NC (normal control) group. Immunofluorescence staining results displayed the same trend in terms of the caspase-1 positivity rate. Further, we demonstrated overexpression of TLR4 partially reversed the protective effect of M2 macrophage-derived exosome miR-145-5p in the H/R-induced AC16 cells. Additionally, overexpression of TLR4 reversed the protein expression associated with pyroptosis in M2 macrophage-derived exosome miR-145-5p in the H/R-induced AC16 cells. Conclusions Our study indicated M2 macrophage-derived exosomes carrying miR-145-5p inhibited H/R-induced cardiomyocyte pyroptosis by downregulating the expression of TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wei
- Department of Electrocardiogram, The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, China
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Zong H, Zou JQ, Huang JP, Huang ST. Potential role of long noncoding RNA RP5-881L22.5 as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target of colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:2108-2121. [PMID: 36438707 PMCID: PMC9694279 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i11.2108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of colorectal cancer in humans is high, and it is in the top five for cancer-related morbidity and mortality. It is one of the main threats to human health. The function of long noncoding RNAs in tumor occurrence and development has gradually gained attention in recent years. In increasing numbers of studies, researchers have demonstrated that it plays an important role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer.
AIM To find out if long noncoding RNA RP5-881L22.5 played a role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer in relation to the tumor microenvironment.
METHODS We analyzed the transcriptome data and clinical data in The Cancer Genome Atlas-colon adenocarcinoma. The CIRBERSORT algorithm was applied to evaluate these tumor-infiltrating immune cells in The Cancer Genome Atlas-colon adenocarcinoma cancer tissue samples. Using the “estimate” package in R, we assessed the tumor immune microenvironment. The expression level of RP5-881L22.5 in tumor tissue and adjacent normal tissue samples from 4 pairs of colorectal cancer patients was determined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Colorectal cancer cells were tested for invasiveness using a transwell invasion assay after RP5-881L22.5 expression was knocked down.
RESULTS The expression of lncRNA RP5-881L22.5 was related to the clinical characteristics of the tumors, and it was negatively related to the infiltration level of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and the expression of T cell inhibitory receptors. A major function of its coexpressed mRNA was to regulate tumor immunity, such as the immune response. When quantitative reverse transcription PCR was performed on tumor tissues from 4 pairs of colorectal cancer patients, the results showed that RP5-881L22.5 was highly expressed. Subsequently, knocking down the expression of RP5-881L22.5, the invasiveness of colorectal cancer cell lines was reduced, and the apoptosis rate was increased.
CONCLUSION RP5-881L22.5 plays a crucial role in the microenvironment of tumors as well as in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. The relationship between RP5-881L22.5 and the tumor immune microenvironment deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Zou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Peng Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shi-Ting Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
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He Z, Wang J, Zhu C, Xu J, Chen P, Jiang X, Chen Y, Jiang J, Sun C. Exosome-derived FGD5-AS1 promotes tumor-associated macrophage M2 polarization-mediated pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. Cancer Lett 2022; 548:215751. [PMID: 35718269 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory molecules and exosomes are crucial for signal transduction between tumor-associated macrophages and tumor cells. IL-6, a key inflammatory molecule secreted by M2 macrophages after polarization, can mediate malignant progression of pancreatic cancer (PC). However, the functions and mechanisms of IL-6 and tumor-derived exosomes in tumor-associated macrophages and PC remain unclear. Transcriptome chip and quantitative reverse transcription PCR experiments indicated that FGD5-AS1 induced IL-6 and high FGD5-AS1 expression correlated with the poor prognosis in PC patients. RNA pulldown, mass spectrometry, and dual luciferase reporter assays were used to identify the mechanism of exosomal FGD5-AS1 in promoting PC progression and M2 macrophage polarization. FGD5-AS1 exerted cancer-promoting functions when co-cultured with M2 macrophages. PC-derived exosomal FGD5-AS1 stimulated M2 macrophage polarization by activating STAT3/NF-κB pathway. FGD5-AS1 interacts with p300, resulting in STAT3 acetylation, thus promoting nuclear localization and transcriptional activity of STAT3/NF-κB. These data indicated that PC cells generate FGD5-AS1-rich exosomes, which cause M2 macrophage polarization to promote the malignant behaviors of PC cells. Targeting exosomal FGD5-AS1 may provide a potential diagnosis and treatment strategy for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei He
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Ziyang Road, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430060, PR China
| | - Changhao Zhu
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Ziyang Road, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430060, PR China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Xueyi Jiang
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Yankun Chen
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Ziyang Road, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430060, PR China.
| | - Chengyi Sun
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China.
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Khan N, Umar MS, Haq M, Rauf T, Zubair S, Owais M. Exosome-encapsulated ncRNAs: Emerging yin and yang of tumor hallmarks. Front Genet 2022; 13:1022734. [PMID: 36338993 PMCID: PMC9632295 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1022734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a multifaceted process, where multiple physiological traits serving as cancer’s distinctive characteristics are acquired. “Hallmarks of cancer” is a set of cognitive abilities acquired by human cells that are pivotal to their tumor-forming potential. With limited or no protein-coding ability, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) interact with their target molecules and yield significant regulatory effects on several cell cycle processes. They play a “yin” and “yang” role, thereby functioning both as oncogenic and tumor suppressor and considered important in the management of various types of cancer entities. ncRNAs serve as important post-transcriptional and translational regulators of not only unrestricted expansion and metastasis of tumor cells but also of various biological processes, such as genomic mutation, DNA damage, immune escape, and metabolic disorder. Dynamical attributes such as increased proliferative signaling, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition are considered to be significant determinants of tumor malignancy, metastatic dissemination, and therapeutic resistance. Furthermore, these biological attributes engage tumor cells with immune cells within the tumor microenvironment to promote tumor formation. We elaborate the interaction of ncRNAs with various factors in order to regulate cancer intra/intercellular signaling in a specific tumor microenvironment, which facilitates the cancer cells in acquiring malignant hallmarks. Exosomes represent a means of intercellular communication and participate in the maintenance of the tumor hallmarks, adding depth to the intricate, multifactorial character of malignant neoplasia. To summarize, ncRNAs have a profound impact on tumors, affecting their microcirculation, invasiveness, altered metabolism, microenvironment, and the capacity to modify the host immunological environment. Though the significance of ncRNAs in crosstalk between the tumor and its microenvironment is being extensively explored, we intend to review the hallmarks in the light of exosome-derived non-coding RNAs and their impact on the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazoora Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohd Saad Umar
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohamed Haq
- University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Talha Rauf
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Swaleha Zubair
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohammad Owais
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Owais,
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Xu Z, Chen Y, Ma L, Chen Y, Liu J, Guo Y, Yu T, Zhang L, Zhu L, Shu Y. Role of exosomal non-coding RNAs from tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Mol Ther 2022; 30:3133-3154. [PMID: 35405312 PMCID: PMC9552915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have a crucial role in intercellular communication and mediate interactions between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Exosome-encapsulated non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in various physiological processes. Tumor-derived exosomal ncRNAs induce M2 macrophage polarization through signaling pathway activation, signal transduction, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. Conversely, TAM-derived exosomal ncRNAs promote tumor proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, and immunosuppression. MicroRNAs induce gene silencing by directly targeting mRNAs, whereas lncRNAs and circRNAs act as miRNA sponges to indirectly regulate protein expressions. The role of ncRNAs in tumor-host interactions is ubiquitous. Current research is increasingly focused on the tumor microenvironment. On the basis of the "cancer-immunity cycle" hypothesis, we discuss the effects of exosomal ncRNAs on immune cells to induce T cell exhaustion, overexpression of programmed cell death ligands, and create a tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Furthermore, we discuss potential applications and prospects of exosomal ncRNAs as clinical biomarkers and drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yizhang Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jingya Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yuchen Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Lianghui Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Lingjun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Department of Oncology, The Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211112, China.
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
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Yang Y, Wang Z, Xu Y, Liu X, Sun Y, Li W. Knockdown of lncRNA H19 alleviates ox-LDL-induced HCAECs inflammation and injury by mediating miR-20a-5p/HDAC4 axis. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:1109-1121. [PMID: 35854140 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01604-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) seriously disturbs the life of people. LncRNA H19 is reported to promote the progression of CAD; Nevertheless, the detailed mechanism by which H19 modulates CAD development is unclear. METHODS Clinical samples of CAD patients were collected, meanwhile we established in vitro and in vivo models of CAD by treating HCAECs with ox-LDL and feeding ApoE-/- mice with high fat diets (HFD). MTT assay was adopted to assess the cell viability. Transwell detection was applied to test the migration, and apoptosis was tested by flow cytometry. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were examined by ELISA. The relation among H19, miR-20a-5p and HDAC4 was explored by dual luciferase reporter and RIP assay. RESULTS H19 and HDAC4 levels were elevated, while miR-20a-5p was reduced in plasma of CAD patients and ox-LDL-treated HCAECs. ox-LDL increased H19 level and induced apoptosis and inflammation in HCAECs, while silencing of H19 rescued this phenomenon. In addition, the level of H19 was negatively correlated with miR-20a-5p, and miR-20a-5p inhibitor restored the effect of H19 silencing on HCAECs function. HDAC4 was the downstream mRNA of miR-20a-5p, and miR-20a-5p upregulation reversed ox-LDL-induced HCAECs injury through targeting HDAC4. Furthermore, H19 silencing significantly alleviated the coronary atherosclerotic plaques and inhibited the inflammatory responses in vivo. CONCLUSIONS We proved that knockdown of H19 alleviated ox-LDL-induced HCAECs injury via miR-20a-5p/HDAC4 axis, which might provide a new tactics against CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Changsha Third Hospital, No. 176, Laodong West Road, Tianxin District, Changsha, 410004, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaofei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Changsha First Hospital, Changsha, 410010, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Changsha Third Hospital, No. 176, Laodong West Road, Tianxin District, Changsha, 410004, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Changsha Third Hospital, No. 176, Laodong West Road, Tianxin District, Changsha, 410004, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yehai Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Changsha Third Hospital, No. 176, Laodong West Road, Tianxin District, Changsha, 410004, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Changsha Third Hospital, No. 176, Laodong West Road, Tianxin District, Changsha, 410004, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Extracellular vesicles as an emerging drug delivery system for cancer treatment: Current strategies and recent advances. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Long Noncoding RNA SBF2-AS1 Promotes Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation through the miRNA-520f-3p/SMARCD1 Axis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:4782361. [PMID: 35968497 PMCID: PMC9374557 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4782361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease. The regulatory mechanisms during AAA formation remain unclear. Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) are pluripotent cells capable of regulating the progression of various diseases by delivering exosomes and exosomal lncRNAs. In this study, we investigated its function in AAA by isolating BMSC exosome-derived lncRNA SBF2-AS1. The results showed that BF2-AS1 could be transferred to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and human aortic VSMCs (HASMCs) via BMSC-derived exosomes. Depletion of SBF2-AS1 enhanced the cell viability and proliferation of VSMCs. Conversely, SBF2-AS1 knockdown inhibited VSMC apoptosis. Caspase-3 activity was inhibited by depletion of SBF2-AS1, whereas overexpression of SBF2-AS1 in VSMC promoted Caspase-3 activity. SBF2-AS1 enhances SMARCD1 expression by forming miR-520f-3p in VSMC and HASMC. Overexpression of SMARCD1 or miR-520f-3p inhibitor reversed cell viability and caspase-3 activity mediated by SBF2-AS1 depletion in VSMC and HASMC. Therefore, BMSC exosome-derived SBF2-AS1 promotes AAA formation through the miRNA-520f-3p/SMARCD1 axis. Targeting SBF2-AS1 could serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for AAA.
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Xie W, Chu M, Song G, Zuo Z, Han Z, Chen C, Li Y, Wang ZW. Emerging roles of long noncoding RNAs in chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 83:303-318. [PMID: 33207266 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death in the world due to the lack of early symptoms, metastasis occurrence and chemoresistance. Therefore, early diagnosis by detection of biomarkers, blockade of metastasis, and overcoming chemoresistance are the effective strategies to improve the survival of pancreatic cancer patients. Accumulating evidence has revealed that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) play essential roles in modulating chemosensitivity in pancreatic cancer. In this review article, we will summarize the role of lncRNAs in drug resistance of pancreatic cancer cells, including HOTTIP, HOTAIR, PVT1, linc-ROR, GAS5, UCA1, DYNC2H1-4, MEG3, TUG1, HOST2, HCP5, SLC7A11-AS1 and CASC2. We also highlight the function of circRNAs, such as circHIPK3 and circ_0000284, in regulation of drug sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells. Moreover, we describe a number of compounds, including curcumin, genistein, resveratrol, quercetin, and salinomycin, which may modulate the expression of lncRNAs and enhance chemosensitivity in pancreatic cancers. Therefore, targeting specific lncRNAs and cicrRNAs could contribute to reverse chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer cells. We hope this review might stimulate the studies of lncRNAs and cicrRNAs, and develop the new therapeutic strategy via modulating these noncoding RNAs to promote chemosensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangkai Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Man Chu
- Center of Scientific Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gendi Song
- Center of Scientific Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziyi Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Zheng Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Chenbin Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yuyun Li
- Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030, China.
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- Center of Scientific Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
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Paskeh MDA, Entezari M, Mirzaei S, Zabolian A, Saleki H, Naghdi MJ, Sabet S, Khoshbakht MA, Hashemi M, Hushmandi K, Sethi G, Zarrabi A, Kumar AP, Tan SC, Papadakis M, Alexiou A, Islam MA, Mostafavi E, Ashrafizadeh M. Emerging role of exosomes in cancer progression and tumor microenvironment remodeling. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:83. [PMID: 35765040 PMCID: PMC9238168 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01305-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and the factors responsible for its progression need to be elucidated. Exosomes are structures with an average size of 100 nm that can transport proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. This review focuses on the role of exosomes in cancer progression and therapy. We discuss how exosomes are able to modulate components of the tumor microenvironment and influence proliferation and migration rates of cancer cells. We also highlight that, depending on their cargo, exosomes can suppress or promote tumor cell progression and can enhance or reduce cancer cell response to radio- and chemo-therapies. In addition, we describe how exosomes can trigger chronic inflammation and lead to immune evasion and tumor progression by focusing on their ability to transfer non-coding RNAs between cells and modulate other molecular signaling pathways such as PTEN and PI3K/Akt in cancer. Subsequently, we discuss the use of exosomes as carriers of anti-tumor agents and genetic tools to control cancer progression. We then discuss the role of tumor-derived exosomes in carcinogenesis. Finally, we devote a section to the study of exosomes as diagnostic and prognostic tools in clinical courses that is important for the treatment of cancer patients. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of exosomes in cancer therapy, focusing on their therapeutic value in cancer progression and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Saleki
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Javad Naghdi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Sabet
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Khoshbakht
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.,NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.,NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Shing Cheng Tan
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia.,AFNP Med Austria, Vienna, Austria
| | - Md Asiful Islam
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Ye J, Liu X. Macrophage-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles in Multiple Diseases: Biogenesis, Function, and Therapeutic Applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:913110. [PMID: 35832790 PMCID: PMC9271994 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.913110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (Mφs), as immune cells, play a pivotal role against pathogens and many diseases, such as cancer, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, orthopedic diseases, and metabolic disorders. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from Mφs (M-sEVs) play important roles in these diseases, suggesting that Mφs carry out their physiological functions through sEVs. This paper reviews the mechanisms underlying M-sEVs production via different forms of polarization and their biological functions in multiple diseases. In addition, the prospects of M-sEVs in disease diagnosis and treatment are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Ye
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuehong Liu,
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45
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An Eleven-microRNA Signature Related to Tumor-Associated Macrophages Predicts Prognosis of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136994. [PMID: 35805995 PMCID: PMC9266835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been known to play important roles in tumor development and progression. However, the understanding of the involvement of miRNAs in regulating tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and how these TAM-related miRNAs (TRMs) modulate cancer progression is still in its infancy. This study aims to explore the prognostic value of TRMs in breast cancer via the construction of a novel TRM signature. Potential TRMs were identified from the literature, and their prognostic value was evaluated using 1063 cases in The Cancer Genome Atlas Breast Cancer database. The TRM signature was further validated in the external Gene Expression Omnibus GSE22220 dataset. Gene sets enrichment analyses were performed to gain insight into the biological functions of this TRM signature. An eleven-TRM signature consisting of mir-21, mir-24-2, mir-125a, mir-221, mir-22, mir-501, mir-365b, mir-660, mir-146a, let-7b and mir-31 was constructed. This signature significantly differentiated the high-risk group from the low-risk in terms of overall survival (OS)/ distant-relapse free survival (DRFS) (p value < 0.001). The prognostic value of the signature was further enhanced by incorporating other independent prognostic factors in a nomogram-based prediction model, yielding the highest AUC of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.72−0.86) at 5-year OS. Enrichment analyses confirmed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in immune-related pathways such as adaptive immune response, humoral immune response and Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation. This eleven-TRM signature has great potential as a prognostic factor for breast cancer patients besides unravelling the dysregulated immune pathways in high-risk breast cancer.
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Exosomal circRNA BTG2 derived from RBP-J overexpressed-macrophages inhibits glioma progression via miR-25-3p/PTEN. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:506. [PMID: 35643814 PMCID: PMC9148311 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04908-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage-derived exosomes (Mφ-Exos) are involved in tumor progression, but its role in glioma is not fully understood. RBP-J is related to macrophage activation. In this study, we assess the role of exosomes derived from RBP-J-overexpressed macrophages (RBP-J OE Mφ-Exos) in glioma. The circular RNA (circRNA) profiles in RBP-J OE Mφ-Exos and THP-1-like macrophages (WT Mφ)-Exos were evaluated using circRNA microarray. Then the functions of Mφ-Exo-circRNA in glioma cells were assessed via CCK-8, EdU, Transwell invasion, and nude mouse assays. Besides, luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, and Pearson's correlation analysis were adopted to confirm interactions. We found that circRNA BTG (circBTG2) is upregulated in RBP-J OE Mφ-Exos compared to WT Mφ-Exos. RBP-J OE Mφ-Exos co-culture and circBTG2 overexpression inhibited proliferation and invasion of glioma cells, whereas circBTG2 knockdown promotes tumor growth in vivo. The effects of RBP-J OE Mφ-Exos on glioma cells can be reversed by the circBTG2 knockdown. In conclusions, Exo-circBTG2 secreted from RBP-J OE Mφ inhibits tumor progression through the circBTG2/miR-25-3p/PTEN pathway, and circBTG2 is probably a diagnostic biomarker and potential target for glioma therapy.
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Tao L, Li D, Mu S, Tian G, Yan G. LncRNA MAPKAPK5_AS1 facilitates cell proliferation in hepatitis B virus -related hepatocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med 2022; 102:494-504. [PMID: 35264707 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00731-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored the biological role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) MAPKAPK5_AS1 (MAAS) and the mechanism of its differential expression in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Differentially expressed lncRNAs in HBV-related HCC were determined using bioinformatics analysis. Gain-of-function experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of MAAS on cell proliferation. A xenograft model was established for in vivo experiments. Dual-luciferase reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation, co-immunoprecipitation, and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation were performed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. MAAS was upregulated in HBV-related HCC cancerous tissues and its high expression was closely related to the poor survival probability of patients. Functional assays revealed that MAAS overexpression facilitated the proliferation of HBV+HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, MAAS promoted the MYC proto-oncogene (c-Myc)-induced transcriptional activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), CDK6, and S-phase kinase associated protein 2 via stabilizing c-Myc protein, thereby facilitating G1/S transition. The latter contributed to the paradoxical proliferation of HBV+HCC cells. Although MAAS was upregulated in HBV-related HCC cancerous tissues, it was highly expressed in M2 macrophages, a major phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages in HBV-related HCC, instead of in HBV+HCC cells. HBeAg, an HBV-associated antigen, further elevated the MAAS level in M2 macrophages by enhancing the methyltransferase-like 3-mediated N6-methyladenosine modification of MAAS. The increased MAAS in the M2 macrophages was then transferred to HBV+HCC cells through the M2 macrophage-derived exosomes, promoting cell proliferation. Our findings show that HBV+HCC cell-secreted HBeAg upregulates MAAS expression in M2 macrophages by affecting its m6A modification. The upregulated MAAS is then transferred to HBV+HCC cells via exosomes, facilitating the proliferation of HBV+HCC cells by targeting c-Myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianyuan Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China.,Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Liver Cancer, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Deyu Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China. .,Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China. .,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Liver Cancer, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Sengmao Mu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Guanjing Tian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Guoyi Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China.,Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Liver Cancer, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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48
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Channon LM, Tyma VM, Xu Z, Greening DW, Wilson JS, Perera CJ, Apte MV. Small extracellular vesicles (exosomes) and their cargo in pancreatic cancer: Key roles in the hallmarks of cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188728. [PMID: 35385773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a devastating disease, offering poor mortality rates for patients. The current challenge being faced is the inability to diagnose patients in a timely manner, where potentially curative resection provides the best chance of survival. Recently, small/nanosized extracellular vesicles (sEVs), including exosomes, have gained significant preclinical and clinical attention due to their emerging roles in cancer progression and diagnosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) possess endogenous properties that offer stability and facilitate crossing of biological barriers for delivery of molecular cargo to cells, acting as a form of intercellular communication to regulate function and phenotype of recipient cells. This review provides an overview of the role of EVs, their subtypes and their oncogenic cargo (as characterised by targeted studies as well as agnostic '-omics' analyses) in the pathobiology of pancreatic cancer. The discussion covers the progress of 'omics technology' that has enabled elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that mediate the role of EVs and their cargo in pancreatic cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily M Channon
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Victoria M Tyma
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney 2170, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Victoria 3004, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia, Victoria 3800, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Jeremy S Wilson
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney 2170, Australia
| | - Chamini J Perera
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney 2170, Australia
| | - Minoti V Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney 2170, Australia.
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49
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Wu Y, Niu D, Deng S, Lei X, Xie Z, Yang X. Tumor-derived or non-tumor-derived exosomal noncodingRNAs and signaling pathways in tumor microenvironment. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 106:108626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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50
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Tan F, Chen J, Wang B, Du Z, Mou J, Wu Y, Liu Y, Zhao F, Yuan C. LncRNA SBF2-AS1: A Budding Star in Various Cancers. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1513-1522. [PMID: 35440300 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220418131506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a new kind of RNA with lengths over 200 nucleotides. Current frontiers revealed that lncRNAs implicate in various tumor progression, including tumorigenesis, proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. Recently discovered long non-coding RNA SET-binding factor 2 antisense RNA 1 (lncRNA SBF2-AS1), an oncogenic antisense RNA to SBF2, locates at 11p15.1 locus and is 2708 nt long. Accumulating evidences have demonstrated that lncRNA SBF2-AS1 participates in various tumor progression including pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), breast cancer (BC), cervical cancer (CC), clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), colorectal cancer (CRC), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), gastric cancer (GC), glioma, glioblastoma (GBM), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), lung cancer (LC), lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), osteosarcoma (OS), pancreatic cancer (PC), papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Therefore, we summarized the underlying mechanisms about lncRNA SBF2-AS1 in various cancers to utilize its therapeutic function in target-selective treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangshun Tan
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College,China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Jinlan Chen
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College,China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College,China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Zhuoying Du
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College,China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Jie Mou
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College,China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Yinxin Wu
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College,China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Yuling Liu
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College,China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Fangnan Zhao
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College,China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Chengfu Yuan
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.,Medical College,China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
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