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Chen Y, Gong Y, Zou J, Li G, Zhang F, Yang Y, Liang Y, Dai W, He L, Lu H. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals transcript enrichment in oxidative phosphorylation, fluid sheer stress, and inflammatory pathways in obesity-related glomerulopathy. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101101. [PMID: 38560497 PMCID: PMC10978546 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.101101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) is an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease and even progression to end-stage renal disease. Efforts have been undertaken to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the development of ORG and substantial advances have been made in the treatment of ORG, but relatively little is known about cell-specific changes in gene expression. To define the transcriptomic landscape at single-cell resolution, we analyzed kidney samples from four patients with ORG and three obese control subjects without kidney disease using single-cell RNA sequencing. We report for the first time that immune cells, including T cells and B cells, are decreased in ORG patients. Further analysis indicated that SPP1 was significantly up-regulated in T cells and B cells. This gene is related to inflammation and cell proliferation. Analysis of differential gene expression in glomerular cells (endothelial cells, mesangial cells, and podocytes) showed that these cell types were mainly enriched in genes related to oxidative phosphorylation, cell adhesion, thermogenesis, and inflammatory pathways (PI3K-Akt signaling, MAPK signaling). Furthermore, we found that the podocytes of ORG patients were enriched in genes related to the fluid shear stress pathway. Moreover, an evaluation of cell-cell communications revealed that there were interactions between glomerular parietal epithelial cells and other cells in ORG patients, with major interactions between parietal epithelial cells and podocytes. Altogether, our identification of molecular events, cell types, and differentially expressed genes may facilitate the development of new preventive or therapeutic approaches for ORG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Yushun Gong
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Jia Zou
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Guoli Li
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Yiya Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Yumei Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Wenni Dai
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Liyu He
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Hengcheng Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
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Adjei-Sowah E, Chandrasiri I, Xiao B, Liu Y, Ackerman JE, Soto C, Nichols AEC, Nolan K, Benoit DSW, Loiselle AE. Development of a nanoparticle-based tendon-targeting drug delivery system to pharmacologically modulate tendon healing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn2332. [PMID: 38896625 PMCID: PMC11186494 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn2332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Satisfactory healing following acute tendon injury is marred by fibrosis. Despite the high frequency of tendon injuries and poor outcomes, there are no pharmacological therapies in use to enhance the healing process. Moreover, systemic treatments demonstrate poor tendon homing, limiting the beneficial effects of potential tendon therapeutics. To address this unmet need, we leveraged our existing tendon healing spatial transcriptomics dataset and identified an area enriched for expression of Acp5 (TRAP) and subsequently demonstrated robust TRAP activity in the healing tendon. This unexpected finding allowed us to refine and apply our existing TRAP binding peptide (TBP) functionalized nanoparticle (NP) drug delivery system (DDS) to facilitate improved delivery of systemic treatments to the healing tendon. To demonstrate the translational potential of this DDS, we delivered niclosamide (NEN), an S100a4 inhibitor. While systemic delivery of free NEN did not alter healing, TBP-NPNEN enhanced both functional and mechanical recovery, demonstrating the translational potential of this approach to enhance the tendon healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuela Adjei-Sowah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Indika Chandrasiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Baixue Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Jessica E. Ackerman
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Celia Soto
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Anne E. C. Nichols
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Physical Performance, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Katherine Nolan
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Danielle S. W. Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Alayna E. Loiselle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Physical Performance, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Jiao X, Chu Z, Li M, Wang J, Ren Z, Wang L, Lu C, Li X, Ren F, Wu X. GnRH-mediated suppression of S100A4 expression inhibits endometrial epithelial cell proliferation in sheep via GNAI2/MAPK signaling. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1410371. [PMID: 38872805 PMCID: PMC11169792 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1410371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) administration significantly decreases the pregnancy rate of recipient ewes after embryo transfer, possibly because GnRH affects endometrial epithelial cell function. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of GnRH on endometrial epithelial cells. Methods Transcriptome sequencing was used to determine the regulatory effect of GnRH on the ewe endometrium, and the S100A4 gene, which showed altered transcription, was screened as a candidate regulator of this effect. Endometrial epithelial cells were further isolated, the S100A4 protein was immunoprecipitated, and host proteins that interacted with S100A4 were identified by mass spectrometry. We further verified the effects of S100A4 and GNAI2 on the proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells via overexpression/knockdown experiments and subsequent CCK-8 and EdU assays. The effect of S100A4 deletion in endometrial cells on reproduction was verified in mice with S100A4 knockout. Results Our results showed that S100A4 gene transcription in endometrial cells was significantly inhibited after GnRH administration. GNAI2 was identified as a downstream interacting protein of S100A4, and S100A4 was confirmed to activate the MAPK signaling pathway to promote cell proliferation by targeting GNAI2. Conclusion GnRH can suppress the expression of S100A4 in the endometrium, consequently inhibiting the proliferation of endometrial cells through the S100A4/GNAI2/MAPK signaling pathway. These findings suggest a potential explanation for the limited efficacy of GnRH in promoting embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyao Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Cattle and Sheep Embryo, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhili Chu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Immunity and Targeted Therapy for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Cattle and Sheep Embryo, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jiurong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zilong Ren
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Leyang Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chengcheng Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiangyun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Cattle and Sheep Embryo, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Feng Ren
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Immunity and Targeted Therapy for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xinglong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Cattle and Sheep Embryo, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Trinh-Minh T, Györfi AH, Tomcik M, Tran-Manh C, Zhou X, Dickel N, Tümerdem BS, Kreuter A, Burmann SN, Borchert SV, Hussain RI, Hallén J, Klingelhöfer J, Kunz M, Distler JHW. Effect of Anti-S100A4 Monoclonal Antibody Treatment on Experimental Skin Fibrosis and Systemic Sclerosis-Specific Transcriptional Signatures in Human Skin. Arthritis Rheumatol 2024; 76:783-795. [PMID: 38108109 DOI: 10.1002/art.42781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE S100A4 is a DAMP protein. S100A4 is overexpressed in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), and levels correlate with organ involvement and disease activity. S100A4-/- mice are protected from fibrosis. The aim of this study was to assess the antifibrotic effects of anti-S100A4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) in murine models of SSc and in precision cut skin slices of patients with SSc. METHODS The effects of anti-S100A4 mAbs were evaluated in a bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis model and in Tsk-1 mice with a therapeutic dosing regimen. In addition, the effects of anti-S100A4 mAbs on precision cut SSc skin slices were analyzed by RNA sequencing. RESULTS Inhibition of S100A4 was effective in the treatment of pre-established bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis and in regression of pre-established fibrosis with reduced dermal thickening, myofibroblast counts, and collagen accumulation. Transcriptional profiling demonstrated targeting of multiple profibrotic and proinflammatory processes relevant to the pathogenesis of SSc on targeted S100A4 inhibition in a bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis model. Moreover, targeted S100A4 inhibition also modulated inflammation- and fibrosis-relevant gene sets in precision cut SSc skin slices in an ex vivo trial approach. Selected downstream targets of S100A4, such as AMP-activated protein kinase, calsequestrin-1, and phosphorylated STAT3, were validated on the protein level, and STAT3 inhibition was shown to prevent the profibrotic effects of S100A4 on fibroblasts in human skin. CONCLUSION Inhibition of S100A4 confers dual targeting of inflammatory and fibrotic pathways in complementary mouse models of fibrosis and in SSc skin. These effects support the further development of anti-S100A4 mAbs as disease-modifying targeted therapies for SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuong Trinh-Minh
- University Hospital Düsseldorf and Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Cuong Tran-Manh
- University Hospital Düsseldorf and Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Xiang Zhou
- University Hospital Düsseldorf and Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicholas Dickel
- Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Kreuter
- Helios St. Elisabeth Klinik Oberhausen, University Witten-Herdecke, Oberhausen, and Helios St. Johannes Klinik Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Sven-Niklas Burmann
- Helios St. Elisabeth Klinik Oberhausen, University Witten-Herdecke, Oberhausen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Meik Kunz
- Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg H W Distler
- University Hospital Düsseldorf and Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Pliego-Arreaga R, Cervantes-Montelongo JA, Silva-Martínez GA, Tristán-Flores FE, Pantoja-Hernández MA, Maldonado-Coronado JR. Joint Hypermobility Syndrome and Membrane Proteins: A Comprehensive Review. Biomolecules 2024; 14:472. [PMID: 38672488 PMCID: PMC11048254 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDSs) constitute a heterogeneous group of connective tissue disorders characterized by joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility, and tissue fragility. Asymptomatic EDSs, joint hypermobility without associated syndromes, EDSs, and hypermobility spectrum disorders are the commonest phenotypes associated with joint hypermobility. Joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) is a connective tissue disorder characterized by extreme flexibility of the joints, along with pain and other symptoms. JHS can be a sign of a more serious underlying genetic condition, such as EDS, which affects the cartilage, bone, fat, and blood. The exact cause of JHS could be related to genetic changes in the proteins that add flexibility and strength to the joints, ligaments, and tendons, such as collagen. Membrane proteins are a class of proteins embedded in the cell membrane and play a crucial role in cell signaling, transport, and adhesion. Dysregulated membrane proteins have been implicated in a variety of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurological disorders; recent studies have suggested that membrane proteins may also play a role in the pathogenesis of JHS. This article presents an exploration of the causative factors contributing to musculoskeletal pain in individuals with hypermobility, based on research findings. It aims to provide an understanding of JHS and its association with membrane proteins, addressing the clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of JHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Pliego-Arreaga
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Celaya, Celaya 38080, Guanajuato, Mexico; (J.A.C.-M.); (M.A.P.-H.); (J.R.M.-C.)
| | - Juan Antonio Cervantes-Montelongo
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Celaya, Celaya 38080, Guanajuato, Mexico; (J.A.C.-M.); (M.A.P.-H.); (J.R.M.-C.)
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México en Celaya, Celaya 38010, Guanajuato, Mexico;
| | | | | | | | - Juan Raúl Maldonado-Coronado
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Celaya, Celaya 38080, Guanajuato, Mexico; (J.A.C.-M.); (M.A.P.-H.); (J.R.M.-C.)
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Yang L, Liu J, Yin J, Li Y, Liu J, Liu D, Wang Z, DiSanto ME, Zhang W, Zhang X. S100A4 modulates cell proliferation, apoptosis and fibrosis in the hyperplastic prostate. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 169:106551. [PMID: 38360265 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases in elderly men worldwide that may result in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). At present, the specific pathophysiological mechanism for BPH/LUTS LUTS remains unclear. S100 calcium binding protein A4 (S100A4), a member of the calcium binding protein family, regulates a variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis and fibrosis. The aim of the current study was to explore and clarify the possible role of S100A4 in BPH/LUTS. The human prostate stromal cell line (WPMY-1), rat prostate epithelial cells, human prostate tissues and two BPH rat models were employed in this study. The expression and localization of S100A4 were detected by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR), immunofluorescence microscopy, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. Also, S100A4 knockdown or overexpression cell models were constructed and a BPH rat model was induced with testosterone propionate (T) or phenylephrine (PE). The BPH animals were treated with Niclosamide, a S100A4 transcription inhibitor. Results demonstrated that S100A4 was mainly localized in human prostatic stroma and rat prostatic epithelium, and showed a higher expression in BPH. Knockdown of S100A4 induced cell apoptosis, cell proliferation arrest and a reduction of tissue fibrosis markers. Overexpression of S100A4 reversed the aforementioned changes. We also demonstrated that S100A4 regulated proliferation and apoptosis mainly through the ERK pathway and modulated fibrosis via Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In conclusion, our novel data demonstrate that S100A4 could play a crucial role in BPH development and may be explored as a new therapeutic target of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Daoquan Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Michael E DiSanto
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Weibing Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Trolle C, Han Y, Mutt SJ, Christoffersson G, Kozlova EN. Boundary cap neural crest stem cells promote angiogenesis after transplantation to avulsed dorsal roots in mice and induce migration of endothelial cells in 3D printed scaffolds. Neurosci Lett 2024; 826:137724. [PMID: 38467271 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Dorsal root avulsion injuries lead to loss of sensation and to reorganization of blood vessels (BVs) in the injured area. The inability of injured sensory axons to re-enter the spinal cord results in permanent loss of sensation, and often also leads to the development of neuropathic pain. Approaches that restore connection between peripheral sensory axons and their CNS targets are thus urgently need. Previous research has shown that sensory axons from peripherally grafted human sensory neurons are able to enter the spinal cord by growing along BVs which penetrate the CNS from the spinal cord surface. In this study we analysed the distribution of BVs after avulsion injury and how their pattern is affected by implantation at the injury site of boundary cap neural crest stem cells (bNCSCs), a transient cluster of cells, which are located at the boundary between the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system and assist the growth of sensory axons from periphery into the spinal cord during development. The superficial dorsal spinal cord vasculature was examined using intravital microscopy and intravascular BV labelling. bNCSC transplantation increased vascular volume in a non-dose responsive manner, whereas dorsal root avulsion alone did not decrease the vascular volume. To determine whether bNCSC are endowed with angiogenic properties we prepared 3D printed scaffolds, containing bNCSCs together with rings prepared from mouse aorta. We show that bNCSC do induce migration and assembly of endothelial cells in this system. These findings suggest that bNCSC transplant can promote vascularization in vivo and contribute to BV formation in 3D printed scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Trolle
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Rehabilitation Medicine, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yilin Han
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Biomedical Center, PO Box 815, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shivaprakash Jagalur Mutt
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, PO Box 571, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gustaf Christoffersson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, PO Box 571, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elena N Kozlova
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Biomedical Center, PO Box 815, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Švec X, Štorkánová H, Trinh-Minh T, Tran MC, Štorkánová L, Hulejová H, Oreská S, Heřmánková B, Bečvář R, Pavelka K, Vencovský J, Klingelhöfer J, Hussain RI, Hallén J, Šenolt L, Distler JHW, Tomčík M. S100A4-neutralizing monoclonal antibody 6B12 counteracts the established experimental skin fibrosis induced by bleomycin. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2024; 63:817-825. [PMID: 37314987 PMCID: PMC10907816 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our previous studies have demonstrated that the Damage Associated Molecular Pattern (DAMP) protein, S100A4, is overexpressed in the involved skin and peripheral blood of patients with SSc. It is associated with skin and lung involvement, and disease activity. By contrast, lack of S100A4 prevented the development of experimental dermal fibrosis. Herein we aimed to evaluate the effect of murine anti-S100A4 mAb 6B12 in the treatment of preestablished experimental dermal fibrosis. METHODS The effects of 6B12 were assessed at therapeutic dosages in a modified bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis mouse model by evaluating fibrotic (dermal thickness, proliferation of myofibroblasts, hydroxyproline content, phosphorylated Smad3-positive cell count) and inflammatory (leukocytes infiltrating the lesional skin, systemic levels of selected cytokines and chemokines) outcomes, and transcriptional profiling (RNA sequencing). RESULTS Treatment with 7.5 mg/kg 6B12 attenuated and might even reduce pre-existing dermal fibrosis induced by bleomycin as evidenced by reduction in dermal thickness, myofibroblast count and collagen content. These antifibrotic effects were mediated by the downregulation of TGF-β/Smad signalling and partially by reducing the number of leukocytes infiltrating the lesional skin and decrease in the systemic levels of IL-1α, eotaxin, CCL2 and CCL5. Moreover, transcriptional profiling demonstrated that 7.5 mg/kg 6B12 also modulated several profibrotic and proinflammatory processes relevant to the pathogenesis of SSc. CONCLUSION Targeting S100A4 by the 6B12 mAb demonstrated potent antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects on bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis and provided further evidence for the vital role of S100A4 in the pathophysiology of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Švec
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
- 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Štorkánová
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Thuong Trinh-Minh
- Clinic for Rheumatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Manh Cuong Tran
- Clinic for Rheumatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Sabína Oreská
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Heřmánková
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Bečvář
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Pavelka
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Vencovský
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Rizwan I Hussain
- Arxx Therapeutics, Oslo, Norway
- Agiana Pharmaceuticals, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ladislav Šenolt
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jörg H W Distler
- Clinic for Rheumatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michal Tomčík
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Yu Y, Shi H, Wang Y, Yu Y, Chen R. A pilot study of S100A4, S100A8/A9, and S100A12 in dilated cardiomyopathy: novel biomarkers for diagnosis or prognosis? ESC Heart Fail 2024; 11:503-512. [PMID: 38083998 PMCID: PMC10804141 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Circulating biomarkers can provide important information for the diagnosis and prognosis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). We explored novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of DCM to improve clinical decision-making. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 238 DCM patients and 65 control were consecutively enrolled at Zhongshan Hospital between January 2017 and January 2019. In the screening set, four DCM patients and four controls underwent measurements of serum proteomic analysis. Seventy-six differentially expressed circulating proteins were screened by data-independent acquisition proteomics, and three of these proteins (S100A4, S100A8/A9, and S100A12) were validated by multiple-reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry. In the validation set, subsequently, a total of 234 DCM patients and 61 control subjects were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Circulating S100A4, S100A8/A9, and S100A12 were significantly increased in DCM patients (P < 0.001). These three proteins were significant positively correlated with other parameters, such as Lg (NT-proBNP), IL-1β, TGF-β, CRP, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, and left ventricular end-systolic diameter, whereas they were negatively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction, respectively (P < 0.05). The receiver operator characteristic curve showed the combination of S100A4, S100A8/A9, and S100A12 [area under curve (AUC) 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84-0.93] was better than single S100A4 (AUC 0.74, 95% CI 0.68-0.81), S100A8/A9 (AUC 0.82, 95% CI 0.77-0.88), or S100A12 (AUC 0.80, 95% CI 0.72-0.88) in the diagnosis of DCM (P < 0.01). After a median follow-up period of 33.5 months, 110 patients (47.01%) experienced major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), including 46 who had cardiac deaths and 64 who had heart failure rehospitalizations. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the DCM patients with ≥75th percentile level of S100A4 had a significantly higher incidence of MACEs than those with <75th percentile level of S100A4 (61.40% vs. 42.37%, P < 0.05). There were no significant differences of MACE rate among DCM patients with different concentrations of S100A8/A9 and S100A12 (P > 0.05). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that S100A4 [≥75th percentile vs. <75th percentile: hazard ratio (HR) 1.65; 95% CI 1.11-2.45] remained significant independent predictors for MACEs (P < 0.05); however, S100A8/A9 and S100A12 were not independent factors for predicting MACE (P ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS S100A4, S100A8/A9, and S100A12 may be additional diagnostic tools for human DCM recognition, and the combination of these three indicators helped to improve the accuracy of a single index to diagnose DCM. Additionally, S100A4 was identified as a significant predictor of prognosis in patients with DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- Department of General Practice, Zhongshan HospitalShanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan HospitalShanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan HospitalShanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan HospitalShanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ruizhen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan HospitalShanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Takahashi N, Yokoi S, Kimura H, Naiki H, Matsusaka T, Yamamoto Y, Nakatani K, Kasuno K, Iwano M. Renoprotective effects of extracellular fibroblast specific protein 1 via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-mediated antioxidant activity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22540. [PMID: 38110482 PMCID: PMC10728167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49863-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocyte expression of fibroblast specific protein 1 (FSP1) is observed in various types of human glomerulonephritis. Considering that FSP1 is secreted extracellularly and has been shown to have multiple biological effects on distant cells, we postulated that secreted FSP1 from podocytes might impact renal tubules. Our RNA microarray analysis in a tubular epithelial cell line (mProx) revealed that FSP1 induced the expression of heme oxygenase 1, sequestosome 1, solute carrier family 7, member 11, and cystathionine gamma-lyase, all of which are associated with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) activation. Therefore, FSP1 is likely to exert cytoprotective effects through Nrf2-induced antioxidant activity. Moreover, in mProx, FSP1 facilitated Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus, increased levels of reduced glutathione, inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reduced cisplatin-induced cell death. FSP1 also ameliorated acute tubular injury in mice with cisplatin nephrotoxicity, which is a representative model of ROS-mediated tissue injury. Similarly, in transgenic mice that express FSP1 specifically in podocytes, tubular injury associated with cisplatin nephrotoxicity was also mitigated. Extracellular FSP1 secreted from podocytes acts on downstream tubular cells, exerting renoprotective effects through Nrf2-mediated antioxidant activity. Consequently, podocytes and tubular epithelial cells have a remote communication network to limit injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takahashi
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-Cho, Yoshida-Gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Seiji Yokoi
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-Cho, Yoshida-Gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Hideki Kimura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hironobu Naiki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Taiji Matsusaka
- Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Nakatani
- Department of Nephrology, Yamashiro General Medical Center, Kizugawa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Kasuno
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-Cho, Yoshida-Gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iwano
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-Cho, Yoshida-Gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan.
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11
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Fendt BM, Hirschmann A, Bruns M, Camarillo-Retamosa E, Ospelt C, Vogetseder A. Protein atlas of fibroblast specific protein 1 (FSP1)/S100A4. Histol Histopathol 2023; 38:1391-1401. [PMID: 37154201 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast specific protein 1 (FSP1)/S100A4 is a calcium binding protein which has been linked to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tissue fibrosis, pulmonary vascular disease, metastatic tumour development, increased tumour cell motility and invasiveness. This protein is reported to be also expressed in newly formed and differentiated fibroblasts and has been used in various studies to demonstrate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We aimed to characterize S100A4 positive cells in different human tissue compartments, with the focus on fibroblasts/myofibroblast. We found S100A4 expression in a wide range of cells. Fibroblasts/myofibroblasts showed a broad spectrum of staining intensity, ranging from negative to strong expression of S100A4, with the strongest expression in smooth muscle actin positive myofibroblasts. Cells of haematopoietic lineage, namely CD4 and CD8 positive T-lymphocytes, but not B-lymphocytes expressed S100A4. All investigated monocytes, macrophages and specialised histiocytes were positive for S100A4. Even some epithelial cells of the kidney and bladder were positive for S100A4. Expression was also found in the vasculature. Here, cells of the subendothelial space, tunica adventitia and some smooth muscle cells of the tunica media were positive for S100A4. In summary, S100A4 is expressed in various cell types of different lineage and is not, as originally believed, specific for fibroblasts (FSP). Results attained under the premise of specificity of FSP1/S100A4 for fibroblasts, like the founding research on EMT type 2 in kidney and liver, therefore need to be reinterpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Astrid Hirschmann
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Malgorzata Bruns
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Eva Camarillo-Retamosa
- Department of Rheumatology, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Ospelt
- Department of Rheumatology, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Adjei-Sowah E, Chandrasiri I, Xiao B, Liu Y, Ackerman JE, Soto C, Nichols AEC, Nolan K, Benoit DSW, Loiselle AE. Development of a Nanoparticle-Based Tendon-Targeting Drug Delivery System to Pharmacologically Modulate Tendon Healing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.29.569204. [PMID: 38076889 PMCID: PMC10705411 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.29.569204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Tendon regeneration following acute injury is marred by a fibrotic healing response that prevents complete functional recovery. Despite the high frequency of tendon injuries and the poor outcomes, including functional deficits and elevated risk of re-injury, there are currently no pharmacological therapies in clinical use to enhance the healing process. Several promising pharmacotherapies have been identified; however, systemic treatments lack tendon specificity, resulting in poor tendon biodistribution and perhaps explaining the largely limited beneficial effects of these treatments on the tendon healing process. To address this major unmet need, we leveraged our existing spatial transcriptomics dataset of the tendon healing process to identify an area of the healing tendon that is enriched for expression of Acp5. Acp5 encodes tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and we demonstrate robust TRAP activity in the healing tendon. This unexpected finding allowed us to refine and apply our existing TRAP binding peptide (TBP) functionalized nanoparticle (NP) drug delivery system (DDS) to facilitate improved delivery of systemic treatments to the healing tendon. To demonstrate the translational potential of this drug delivery system, we delivered the S100a4 inhibitor, Niclosamide to the healing tendon. We have previously shown that genetic knockdown of S100a4 enhances tendon healing. While systemic delivery of Niclosamide did not affect the healing process, relative to controls, TBP-NP delivery of Niclosamide enhanced both functional and mechanical outcome measures. Collectively, these data identify a novel tendon-targeting drug delivery system and demonstrate the translational potential of this approach to enhance the tendon healing process.
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Liu LR, Chen D, Sheng ST, Xu JW, Xu W. Research progress on animal models of corneal epithelial-stromal injury. Int J Ophthalmol 2023; 16:1890-1898. [PMID: 38028511 PMCID: PMC10626350 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2023.11.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A corneal epithelial-stromal defect is recognized as a major contributor to corneal scarring. Given the rising prevalence of blindness caused by corneal scarring, increasing attention has been focused on corneal epithelial-stromal defects. Currently, the etiology and pathogenesis of these defects remain inadequately understood, necessitating further investigation through experimental research. Various modeling methods exist both domestically and internationally, each with distinct adaptive conditions, advantages, and disadvantages. This review primarily aims to summarize the techniques used to establish optimal animal models of corneal epithelial-stromal injury, including mechanical modeling, chemical alkali burns, post-refractive surgery infections, and genetic engineering. The intention is to provide valuable insights for studying the mechanisms underlying corneal epithelial-stromal injury and the development of corresponding therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Rui Liu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Si-Ting Sheng
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing-Wei Xu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
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Denton CP, Xu S, Zhang F, Maclean RH, Clark KEN, Borchert S, Hussain RI, Klingelhöfer J, Hallén J, Ong VH. Clinical and pathogenic significance of S100A4 overexpression in systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:1205-1217. [PMID: 37414521 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-223862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We have studied the damage-associated molecular pattern protein S100A4 as a driver of fibroblast activation in systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS S100A4 protein concentration was measured by ELISA in serum of SSc (n=94) and healthy controls (n=15). Protein expression in skin fibroblast cultures from diffuse cutaneous SSc (SScF, n=6) and healthy controls (normal fibroblasts (NF), n=6) was assessed. Recombinant S100A4 and a high affinity anti-S100A4 neutralising monoclonal antibody (AX-202) were tested on SScF and NF. RESULTS Median (range) S100A4 (ng/mL) was higher in serum of SSc (89.9 (15.0-240.0)) than healthy controls (71.4 (7.9-131.8); p=0.027). There was association with SSc-interstitial lung disease (p=0.025, n=55), scleroderma renal crisis (p=0.026, n=4). Median (range) S100A4 (ng/mL) was higher in culture supernatants of SScF (4.19 (0.52-8.42)) than NF controls (0.28 (0.02-3.29); p<0.0001). AX-202 reduced the constitutive profibrotic gene and protein expression phenotype of SScF. Genome-wide RNA sequencing analysis identified an S100A4 activated signature in NF overlapping the hallmark gene expression signature of SScF. Thus, 464 differentially expressed genes (false discovery rate (FDR) <0.001 and fold change (FC) >1.5) induced in NF by S100A4 were also constitutively overexpressed, and downregulated by AX-202, in SScF. Pathway mapping of these S100A4 dependent genes in SSc showed the most significant enriched Kegg pathways (FDR <0.001) were regulation of stem cell pluripotency (4.6-fold) and metabolic pathways (1.9-fold). CONCLUSION Our findings provide compelling evidence for a profibrotic role for S100A4 in SSc and suggest that serum level may be a biomarker of major organ manifestations and disease severity. This study supports examining the therapeutic potential of targeting S100A4 in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shiwen Xu
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UK
| | - Fenge Zhang
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UK
| | - Rory H Maclean
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Jonas Hallén
- Research Department, Arxx Therapeutics, Oslo, Norway
| | - Voon H Ong
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UK
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15
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Zhu Z, Cheng K, Yun Z, Zhang X, Hu X, Liu J, Wang F, Fu Z, Yue J. [ 18F] AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT can predict treatment response and survival in patients receiving chemotherapy for inoperable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:3425-3438. [PMID: 37328622 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated whether uptake of [18F] AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) could predict treatment response and survival in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). METHODS We prospectively evaluated 47 patients with histopathologically confirmed primary PDAC who provided pretreatment [18F] AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 scans to detect fibroblast activation protein (FAP) on the tumor surface by uptake of [18F] AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04. PDAC specimens were immunohistochemically stained with cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) markers. We obtained a second PET scan after one cycle of chemotherapy to study changes in FAPI uptake variables from before to during treatment. Correlations between baseline PET variables and CAF-related immunohistochemical markers were assessed with Spearman's rank test. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier methods were used to assess relationships between disease progression and potential predictors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to define the optimal cut-off points for distinguishing patients according to good response vs. poor response per RECIST v.1.1. RESULTS The FAPI PET variables maximum and mean standardized uptake values (SUVmax, SUVmean), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion FAP expression (TLF) were positively correlated with CAF markers (FAP, α-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, S100A4, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor α/β, all P < 0.05). MTV was associated with survival in patients with inoperable PDAC (all P < 0.05). Cox multivariate regression showed that MTV was associated with overall survival (MTV hazard ratio [HR] = 1.016, P = 0.016). Greater changes from before to during chemotherapy in SUVmax, MTV, and TLF were associated with good treatment response (all P < 0.05). ΔMTV, ΔTLF, and ΔSUVmax had larger areas under the curve than ΔCA19-9 for predicting treatment response. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the extent of change in MTV and TLF from before to after treatment predicted progression-free survival, with cut-off values (based on medians) of - 4.95 for ΔMTV (HR = 8.09, P = 0.013) and - 77.83 for ΔTLF (HR = 4.62, P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS A higher baseline MTV on [18F] AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 scans was associated with poorer survival in patients with inoperable PDAC. ΔMTV was more sensitive for predicting response than ΔCA19-9. These results are clinically meaningful for identifying patients with PDAC who are at high risk of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Zhu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, Jinan, Shandong, China
- PET/CT Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhang Yun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fuhao Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zheng Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- PET/CT Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Jinbo Yue
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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16
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Liu A, Li Y, Lu S, Cai C, Zou F, Meng X. Stanniocalcin 1 promotes lung metastasis of breast cancer by enhancing EGFR-ERK-S100A4 signaling. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:395. [PMID: 37400459 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05911-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Lung metastasis is the leading cause of breast cancer-related death. The tumor microenvironment contributes to the metastatic colonization of tumor cells in the lungs. Tumor secretory factors are important mediators for the adaptation of cancer cells to foreign microenvironments. Here, we report that tumor-secreted stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) promotes the pulmonary metastasis of breast cancer by enhancing the invasiveness of tumor cells and promoting angiogenesis and lung fibroblast activation in the metastatic microenvironment. The results show that STC1 modifies the metastatic microenvironment through its autocrine action on breast cancer cells. Specifically, STC1 upregulates the expression of S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4) by facilitating the phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK signaling in breast cancer cells. S100A4 mediates the effect of STC1 on angiogenesis and lung fibroblasts. Importantly, S100A4 knockdown diminishes STC1-induced lung metastasis of breast cancer. Moreover, activated JNK signaling upregulates STC1 expression in breast cancer cells with lung-tropism. Overall, our findings reveal that STC1 plays important role in breast cancer lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anfei Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yunting Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Sitong Lu
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Chunqing Cai
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Xiaojing Meng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
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Wu X, Xuan W, Yang X, Liu W, Zhang H, Jiang G, Cao B, Jiang Y. Ficolin A knockout alleviates sepsis-induced severe lung injury in mice by restoring gut Akkermansia to inhibit S100A4/STAT3 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110548. [PMID: 37356123 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening disease with high morbidity and mortality. Our previous results demonstrated that Ficolin A (FcnA) protected against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mild ALI via activating complement, however the mechanism of severe lung damage caused by sepsis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether FcnA modulated gut microbiota to affect the progression of sepsis-induced severe ALI. Fcna-/- and Fcnb-/- C57BL/6 mice were applied to establish the ALI model by injection of LPS intraperitoneally. Mice were treated with antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and intratracheal administration of recombinant protein S100A4. Changes in body weight of mice were recorded, and lung injury were assessed. Then lung tissue wet/dry weight was calculated. We found knockout of FcnA, but not FcnB, alleviated sepsis-induced severe ALI evidenced by increased body weight change, decreased wet/dry weight of lung tissue, reduced inflammatory infiltration, decreased lung damage score, decreased Muc-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and Cr levels, and increased sIgA levels. Furthermore, knockout of FcnA restored gut microbiota homeostasis in mice. Correlation analysis showed that Akkermansia was significantly negatively associated with TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Moreover, knockout of FcnA regulated gut microbiota to protect ALI through S100A4. Finally, we found knockout of FcnA alleviated ALI by inhibiting S100A4 via gut Akkermansia in mice, which may provide further insights and new targets into treating sepsis-induced severe lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Weixia Xuan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Drugs of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Gang Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100006, China; Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yongliang Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China.
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18
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Huang C, Zheng D, Fu C, Cai Z, Zhang H, Xie Z, Luo L, Li H, Huang Y, Chen J. Secreted S100A4 causes asthmatic airway epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by house dust mite extracts via activating VEGFA/VEGFR2 pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:1431-1444. [PMID: 36883729 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The airway epithelial barrier dysfunction plays a crucial role in pathogenesis of asthma and causes the amplification of downstream inflammatory signal pathway. S100 calcium binding protein A4 (S100A4), which promotes metastasis, have recently been discovered as an effective inflammatory factor and elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in asthmatic mice. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA), is considered as vital regulator in vascular physiological activities. Here, we explored the probably function of S100A4 and VEGFA in asthma model dealt with house dust mite (HDM) extracts. Our results showed that secreted S100A4 caused epithelial barrier dysfunction, airway inflammation and the release of T-helper 2 cytokines through the activation of VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling pathway, which could be partial reversed by S100A4 polyclonal antibody, niclosamide and S100A4 knockdown, representing a potential therapeutic target for airway epithelial barrier dysfunction in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowen Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangmen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Dongyan Zheng
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Chunlai Fu
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ziwei Cai
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhefan Xie
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Lishan Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Huifang Li
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yanming Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangmen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Jialong Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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19
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Firl CEM, Halushka M, Fraser N, Masson M, Cuneo BF, Saxena A, Clancy R, Buyon J. Contribution of S100A4-expressing fibroblasts to anti-SSA/Ro-associated atrioventricular nodal calcification and soluble S100A4 as a biomarker of clinical severity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1114808. [PMID: 37090702 PMCID: PMC10117984 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1114808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fibrosis and dystrophic calcification disrupting conduction tissue architecture are histopathological lesions characterizing cardiac manifestations of neonatal lupus (cardiac-NL) associated with maternal anti-SSA/Ro antibodies. Objectives Increased appreciation of heterogeneity in fibroblasts encourages re-examination of existing models with the consideration of multiple fibroblast subtypes (and their unique functional differences) in mind. This study addressed fibroblast heterogeneity by examining expression of α-Smooth Muscle Actin (myofibroblasts) and of S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4 (S100A4). Methods Using a previously established model of rheumatic scarring/fibrosis in vitro, supported by the evaluation of cord blood from cardiac-NL neonates and their healthy (anti-SSA/Ro-exposed) counterparts, and autopsy tissue from fetuses dying with cardiac-NL, the current study was initiated to more clearly define and distinguish the S100A4-positive fibroblast in the fetal cardiac environment. Results S100A4 immunostaining was observed in 4 cardiac-NL hearts with positional identity in the conduction system at regions of dystrophic calcification but not fibrotic zones, the latter containing only myofibroblasts. In vitro, fibroblasts cultured with supernatants of macrophages transfected with hY3 (noncoding ssRNA) differentiated into myofibroblasts or S100A4+ fibroblasts. Myofibroblasts expressed collagen while S100A4+ fibroblasts expressed pro-angiogenic cytokines and proteases that degrade collagen. Cord blood levels of S100A4 in anti-SSA/Ro-exposed neonates tracked disease severity and, in discordant twins, distinguished affected from unaffected. Conclusions These findings position the S100A4+ fibroblast alongside the canonical myofibroblast in the pathogenesis of cardiac-NL. Neonatal S100A4 levels support a novel biomarker of poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E. M. Firl
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marc Halushka
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nicola Fraser
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mala Masson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bettina F. Cuneo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschultz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Amit Saxena
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Robert Clancy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jill Buyon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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20
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Distler JHW, Riemekasten G, Denton CP. The Exciting Future for Scleroderma. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2023; 49:445-462. [PMID: 37028846 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence shows that a complex interplay between cells and mediators and extracellular matrix factors may underlie the development and persistence of fibrosis in systemic sclerosis. Similar processes may determine vasculopathy. This article reviews recent progress in understanding how fibrosis becomes profibrotic and how the immune system, vascular, and mesenchymal compartment affect disease development. Early phase trials are informing about pathogenic mechanisms in vivo and reverse translation for observational and randomized trials is allowing hypotheses to be developed and tested. In addition to repurposing already available drugs, these studies are paving the way for the next generation of targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg H W Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gabriela Riemekasten
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Lübeck 23562, Germany
| | - Christopher P Denton
- Division of Medicine, Department of Inflammation, Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, London, UK.
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21
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Enzyme Replacement Therapy for FABRY Disease: Possible Strategies to Improve Its Efficacy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054548. [PMID: 36901983 PMCID: PMC10003632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzyme replacement therapy is the only therapeutic option for Fabry patients with completely absent AGAL activity. However, the treatment has side effects, is costly, and requires conspicuous amounts of recombinant human protein (rh-AGAL). Thus, its optimization would benefit patients and welfare/health services (i.e., society at large). In this brief report, we describe preliminary results paving the way for two possible approaches: i. the combination of enzyme replacement therapy with pharmacological chaperones; and ii. the identification of AGAL interactors as possible therapeutic targets on which to act. We first showed that galactose, a low-affinity pharmacological chaperone, can prolong AGAL half-life in patient-derived cells treated with rh-AGAL. Then, we analyzed the interactomes of intracellular AGAL on patient-derived AGAL-defective fibroblasts treated with the two rh-AGALs approved for therapeutic purposes and compared the obtained interactomes to the one associated with endogenously produced AGAL (data available as PXD039168 on ProteomeXchange). Common interactors were aggregated and screened for sensitivity to known drugs. Such an interactor-drug list represents a starting point to deeply screen approved drugs and identify those that can affect (positively or negatively) enzyme replacement therapy.
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22
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Chuang TD, Gao J, Quintanilla D, McSwiggin H, Boos D, Yan W, Khorram O. Differential Expression of MED12-Associated Coding RNA Transcripts in Uterine Leiomyomas. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043742. [PMID: 36835153 PMCID: PMC9960582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that somatic MED12 mutations in exon 2 occur at a frequency of up to 80% and have a functional role in leiomyoma pathogenesis. The objective of this study was to elucidate the expression profile of coding RNA transcripts in leiomyomas, with and without these mutations, and their paired myometrium. Next-generation RNA sequencing (NGS) was used to systematically profile the differentially expressed RNA transcripts from paired leiomyomas (n = 19). The differential analysis indicated there are 394 genes differentially and aberrantly expressed only in the mutated tumors. These genes were predominantly involved in the regulation of extracellular constituents. Of the differentially expressed genes that overlapped in the two comparison groups, the magnitude of change in gene expression was greater for many genes in tumors bearing MED12 mutations. Although the myometrium did not express MED12 mutations, there were marked differences in the transcriptome landscape of the myometrium from mutated and non-mutated specimens, with genes regulating the response to oxygen-containing compounds being most altered. In conclusion, MED12 mutations have profound effects on the expression of genes pivotal to leiomyoma pathogenesis in the tumor and the myometrium which could alter tumor characteristics and growth potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Der Chuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Jianjun Gao
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Derek Quintanilla
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Hayden McSwiggin
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Drake Boos
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Wei Yan
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90502, USA
| | - Omid Khorram
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90502, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(310)-222-3867
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23
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Schoberleitner I, Faserl K, Sarg B, Egle D, Brunner C, Wolfram D. Quantitative Proteomic Characterization of Foreign Body Response towards Silicone Breast Implants Identifies Chronological Disease-Relevant Biomarker Dynamics. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020305. [PMID: 36830674 PMCID: PMC9953687 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of exaggerated fibrous capsule formation around silicone mammary implants (SMI) is multifactorial but primarily induced by immune mechanisms towards the foreign material silicone. The aim of this work was to understand the disease progression from implant insertion and immediate tissue damage response reflected in (a) the acute wound proteome and (b) the adsorption of chronic inflammatory wound proteins at implant surfaces. An intraindividual relative quantitation TMT-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry approach was applied to the profile wound proteome formed around SMI in the first five days post-implantation. Compared to plasma, the acute wound profile resembled a more complex composition comprising plasma-derived and locally differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). DEPs were subjected to a functional enrichment analysis, which revealed the dysregulation of signaling pathways mainly involved in immediate inflammation response and ECM turnover. Moreover, we found time-course variations in protein enrichment immediately post-implantation, which were adsorbed to SMI surfaces after 6-8 months. Characterization of the expander-adhesive proteome by a label-free approach uncovered a long-term adsorbed acute wound and the fibrosis-associated proteome. Our findings propose a wound biomarker panel for the early detection and diagnosis of excessive fibrosis that could potentially broaden insights into the characteristics of fibrotic implant encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Schoberleitner
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Faserl
- Protein Core Facility, Biocenter, Institute of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bettina Sarg
- Protein Core Facility, Biocenter, Institute of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel Egle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christine Brunner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dolores Wolfram
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-512-504-82050
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24
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Ji H, Dong H, Lan Y, Bi Y, Gu X, Han Y, Yang C, Cheng M, Gao J. Metformin attenuates fibroblast activation during pulmonary fibrosis by targeting S100A4 via AMPK-STAT3 axis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1089812. [PMID: 36817136 PMCID: PMC9936158 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1089812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts activation is a crucial process for development of fibrosis during idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis pathogenesis, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 plays a key regulatory role in fibroblast activation. It has been reported that metformin (MET) alleviated bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) by regulating TGF-β1-induced fibroblasts activation, but the underlying mechanisms still deserve further investigations. In this study, MET blocked α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) accumulation in vivo accompanied with S100A4 expression and STAT3 phosphorylation inhibition, resulting in attenuating the progression of lung fibrosis after BLM administration. We determined that S100A4 plays critical roles in fibroblasts activation in vitro, evidenced by siRNA knockdown of S100A4 expression downregulated TGF-β1 induced α-SMA production in Human fetal lung fibroblast (HFL1) cells. Importantly, we found for the first time that the expression of S100A4 in fibroblasts was regulated by STAT3. Stattic, an effective small molecule inhibitor of STAT3 phosphorylation, reduced S100A4 level in TGF-β1- treated HFL1 cells accompanied with less α-SMA production. We further found that MET, which inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation by AMPK activation, also inhibits fibroblasts activation by targeting S100A4 in vitro. Together all these results, we conclude that S100A4 contributes to TGF-β1- induced pro-fibrogenic function in fibroblasts activation, and MET was able to protect against TGF-β1-induced fibroblasts activation and BLM-induced PF by down-regulating S100A4 expression through AMPK-STAT3 axis. These results provide a useful clue for a clinical strategy to prevent PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Ji
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongliang Dong
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuejiao Lan
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Jilin Province People's Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuqian Bi
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Gu
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,3201 Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongyue Han
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongyang Yang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghan Cheng
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Jian Gao, ; Minghan Cheng,
| | - Jian Gao
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Jian Gao, ; Minghan Cheng,
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25
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Liu M, Liu S, Li F, Li C, Chen S, Gao X, Wang X. The miR-124-3p regulates the allergic airway inflammation and remodeling in an ovalbumin-asthmatic mouse model by inhibiting S100A4. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e730. [PMID: 36799806 PMCID: PMC9896513 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease with an increasing incidence every year. microRNAs (miRNAs) have been demonstrated to have implications for asthma. However, limited information is available regarding the effect of miR-124-3p on this disease. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the possible effects of miR-124-3p and S100A4 on inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in asthma using mouse models. METHOD Ovalbumin was used to induce asthmatic mouse models. Lung injury in mouse models was assessed, and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of mice was collected to determine the number of eosinophilic granulocytes and assess inflammation. The expression levels of miR-124-3p, S100A4, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail1, vimentin, and TGF-β1/Smad2 signaling pathway-related proteins were measured using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis. In vitro experiments, cells were transfected with miR-124-3p mimics or inhibitors to test the expression of S100A4 by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis, and the mutual binding of miR-124-3p and S100A4 was validated by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. RESULTS Overexpression of miR-124-3p or inhibition of S100A4 expression attenuated bronchial mucus secretion and collagenous fibers and suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration. Additionally, upon miR-124-3p overexpression or S100A4 suppression, eosinophilic granulocytes were decreased, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 expression levels were reduced in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, serum total IgE level was reduced, and the TGF-β1/Smad2 signaling pathway was suppressed. Mechanically, a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay verified the binding relationship between miR-124-3p and S100A4. CONCLUSION miR-124-3p can negatively target S100A4 to attenuate inflammation in asthmatic mouse models by suppressing the EMT process and the TGF-β/smad2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Jianghan UniversityWuhanHubeiP.R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Jianghan UniversityWuhanHubeiP.R. China
| | - Fajiu Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Jianghan UniversityWuhanHubeiP.R. China
| | - Chenghong Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Jianghan UniversityWuhanHubeiP.R. China
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Jianghan UniversityWuhanHubeiP.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Jianghan UniversityWuhanHubeiP.R. China
| | - Xiaojiang Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Jianghan UniversityWuhanHubeiP.R. China
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26
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Schuster R, Younesi F, Ezzo M, Hinz B. The Role of Myofibroblasts in Physiological and Pathological Tissue Repair. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2023; 15:cshperspect.a041231. [PMID: 36123034 PMCID: PMC9808581 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Myofibroblasts are the construction workers of wound healing and repair damaged tissues by producing and organizing collagen/extracellular matrix (ECM) into scar tissue. Scar tissue effectively and quickly restores the mechanical integrity of lost tissue architecture but comes at the price of lost tissue functionality. Fibrotic diseases caused by excessive or persistent myofibroblast activity can lead to organ failure. This review defines myofibroblast terminology, phenotypic characteristics, and functions. We will focus on the central role of the cell, ECM, and tissue mechanics in regulating tissue repair by controlling myofibroblast action. Additionally, we will discuss how therapies based on mechanical intervention potentially ameliorate wound healing outcomes. Although myofibroblast physiology and pathology affect all organs, we will emphasize cutaneous wound healing and hypertrophic scarring as paradigms for normal tissue repair versus fibrosis. A central message of this review is that myofibroblasts can be activated from multiple cell sources, varying with local environment and type of injury, to either restore tissue integrity and organ function or create an inappropriate mechanical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Schuster
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3E2 Ontario, Canada
| | - Fereshteh Younesi
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3E2 Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Maya Ezzo
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3E2 Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Boris Hinz
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3E2 Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
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27
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Kagimoto A, Tsutani Y, Kushitani K, Kambara T, Mimae T, Miyata Y, Takeshima Y, Okada M. Usefulness of serum S100A4 and positron-emission tomography on lung cancer accompanied by interstitial pneumonia. Thorac Cancer 2022; 14:381-388. [PMID: 36537055 PMCID: PMC9891855 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4) and the accumulation of [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) in noncancerous interstitial pneumonia (IP) area are predictors of postoperative acute exacerbation (AE) of IP after pulmonary resection for lung cancer with IP. However, the significance of combining these markers for predicting short-term outcome and long-term prognosis is not known. METHODS Patients diagnosed with IP on preoperative high-resolution computed tomography and who had undergone pulmonary resection for primary lung cancer between April 2010 and March 2019 at Hiroshima University were included in this study. Predictive factors for the cumulative incidence of death from other than lung cancer (CIDOL) were investigated using the Fine and Gray model. CIDOL, perioperative outcome, and cumulative incidence of all death (CIAD) were retrospectively compared based on serum S100A4 and FDG accumulation. RESULTS A total of 121 patients were included in this study. High S100A4 (hazard ratio [HR], 2.541; p = 0.006) and FDG accumulation (HR, 3.199; p = 0.038) were significant predictors of CIDOL. AE of IP occurred only in patients with high S100A4/FDG (+). CIDOL of patients with high S100A4/FDG (+) was higher than those with high S100A4/FDG (-) or low S100A4/FDG (+) (p < 0.001), and CIAD of patients with high S100A4/FDG (+) was also higher than those with high S100A4/FDG (-) or low S100A4/FDG (+) patients (p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS Serum S100A4 and FDG accumulation in the noncancerous IP area were significant predictors of CIDOL after lung resection for lung cancer with IP and may help decide the treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kagimoto
- Hiroshima UniversityDepartment of Surgical oncologyHiroshimaJapan
| | - Yasuhiro Tsutani
- Hiroshima UniversityDepartment of Surgical oncologyHiroshimaJapan
| | - Kei Kushitani
- Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesDepartment of PathologyHiroshimaJapan
| | - Takahiro Kambara
- Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesDepartment of PathologyHiroshimaJapan
| | - Takahiro Mimae
- Hiroshima UniversityDepartment of Surgical oncologyHiroshimaJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyata
- Hiroshima UniversityDepartment of Surgical oncologyHiroshimaJapan
| | - Yukio Takeshima
- Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesDepartment of PathologyHiroshimaJapan
| | - Morihito Okada
- Hiroshima UniversityDepartment of Surgical oncologyHiroshimaJapan
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28
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Zou S, Huang Z, Wu J. Predictive value of S100A4 in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Front Surg 2022; 9:989489. [PMID: 36386522 PMCID: PMC9663474 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.989489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE S100A4 is a pro-inflammatory mediator which has been implicated in airway inflammatory diseases. However, its role in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to determine the expression of S100A4 and evaluate its potential value in distinguishing its endotypes. METHODS Sixty CRSwNP patients, 30 chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) patients, and 30 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in this study, and serum and tissue samples were collected. Serum and tissue S100A4 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunofluorescence. Their clinical values in predicting postoperative recurrence of CRSwNP were evaluated by multivariate analysis and ROC curves. RESULTS Serum levels of S100A4 were notably increased in the CRSwNP group than in the CRSsNP and HC groups (p < 0.05), and positively correlated with tissue and peripheral eosinophil count and percentage (p < 0.05). The serum S100A4 concentrations were significantly elevated in the Eos CRSwNP group in comparison with the non-Eos CRSwNP group (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis and ROC curve presented that serum S100A4 levels were associated with CRSwNP endotypes. Additionally, tissue S100A4 mRNA and protein levels were significantly enhanced in the CRSwNP group than in the HC group and CRSsNP group, especially in the Eos CRSwNP group. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that the S100A4 expression was increased in CRSwNP patients and associated with the endotypes. S100A4 could be a serologic biomarker for evaluating tissue eosinophilic inflammation and predicting endotypes in CRSwNP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangchu Zou
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, The University of South China, Hengyang, China,Correspondence: Shangchu Zou
| | - Zhicheng Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jinpeng Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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ZIP1 + fibroblasts protect lung cancer against chemotherapy via connexin-43 mediated intercellular Zn 2+ transfer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5919. [PMID: 36207295 PMCID: PMC9547061 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour-stroma cell interactions impact cancer progression and therapy responses. Intercellular communication between fibroblasts and cancer cells using various soluble mediators has often been reported. In this study, we find that a zinc-transporter (ZIP1) positive tumour-associated fibroblast subset is enriched after chemotherapy and directly interconnects lung cancer cells with gap junctions. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identify several fibroblast subpopulations, among which Zip1+ fibroblasts are highly enriched in mouse lung tumours after doxorubicin treatment. ZIP1 expression on fibroblasts enhances gap junction formation in cancer cells by upregulating connexin-43. Acting as a Zn2+ reservoir, ZIP1+ fibroblasts absorb and transfer Zn2+ to cancer cells, leading to ABCB1-mediated chemoresistance. Clinically, ZIP1high stromal fibroblasts are also associated with chemoresistance in human lung cancers. Taken together, our results reveal a mechanism by which fibroblasts interact directly with tumour cells via gap junctions and contribute to chemoresistance in lung cancer.
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Yu W, MacIver B, Zhang L, Bien EM, Ahmed N, Chen H, Hanif SZ, de Oliveira MG, Zeidel ML, Hill WG. Deletion of Mechanosensory β1-integrin From Bladder Smooth Muscle Results in Voiding Dysfunction and Tissue Remodeling. FUNCTION 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/function/zqac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The bladder undergoes large shape changes as it fills and empties and experiences complex mechanical forces. These forces become abnormal in diseases of the lower urinary tract such as overactive bladder, neurogenic bladder, and urinary retention. As the primary mechanosensors linking the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM), integrins are likely to play vital roles in maintaining bladder smooth muscle (BSM) homeostasis. In a tamoxifen-inducible smooth muscle conditional knockout of β1-integrin, there was concomitant loss of α1- and α3-integrins from BSM and upregulation of αV- and β3-integrins. Masson's staining showed a reduction in smooth muscle with an increase in collagenous ECM. Functionally, mice exhibited a changing pattern of urination by voiding spot assay up to 8 wk after tamoxifen. By 8 wk, there was increased frequency with reductions in voided volume, consistent with overactivity. Cystometrograms confirmed that there was a significant reduction in intercontractile interval with reduced maximal bladder pressure. Muscle strip myography revealed a loss of contraction force in response to electrical field stimulation, that was entirely due to the loss of muscarinic contractility. Quantitative western blotting showed a loss of M3 receptor and no change in P2X1. qPCR on ECM and interstitial genes revealed loss of Ntpd2, a marker of an interstitial cell subpopulation; and an upregulation of S100A4, which is often associated with fibroblasts. Collectively, the data show that the loss of appropriate mechanosensation through integrins results in cellular and extracellular remodeling, and concomitant bladder dysfunction that resembles lower urinary tract symptoms seen in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqun Yu
- Laboratory of Voiding Dysfunction, Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bryce MacIver
- Laboratory of Voiding Dysfunction, Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- Laboratory of Voiding Dysfunction, Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Erica M Bien
- Laboratory of Voiding Dysfunction, Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nazaakat Ahmed
- Laboratory of Voiding Dysfunction, Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Huan Chen
- Laboratory of Voiding Dysfunction, Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sarah Z Hanif
- Laboratory of Voiding Dysfunction, Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mariana G de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Mark L Zeidel
- Laboratory of Voiding Dysfunction, Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Warren G Hill
- Laboratory of Voiding Dysfunction, Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Pharmacological Inhibition of S100A4 Attenuates Fibroblast Activation and Renal Fibrosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172762. [PMID: 36078170 PMCID: PMC9455228 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway is an important process in the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis. However, the molecular mechanisms are not completely elucidated. The current study examined the functional role of S100A4 in regulating TGF-β/Smad3 signaling in fibroblast activation and kidney fibrosis development. S100A4 was upregulated in the kidney in a murine model of renal fibrosis induced by folic acid nephropathy. Further, S100A4 was predominant in the tubulointerstitial cells of the kidney. Pharmacological inhibition of S100A4 with niclosamide significantly attenuated fibroblast activation, decreased collagen content, and reduced extracellular matrix protein expression in folic acid nephropathy. Overexpression of S100A4 in cultured renal fibroblasts significantly facilitated TGF-β1-induced activation of fibroblasts by increasing the expression of α-SMA, collagen-1 and fibronectin. In contrast, S100A4 knockdown prevented TGF-β1-induced activation of fibroblast and transcriptional activity of Smad3. Mechanistically, S100A4 interacts with Smad3 to stabilize the Smad3/Smad4 complex and promotes their translocation to the nucleus. In conclusion, S100A4 facilitates TGF-β signaling via interaction with Smad3 and promotes kidney fibrosis development. Manipulating S100A4 may provide a beneficial therapeutic strategy for chronic kidney disease.
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Su X, Wu W, Zhu Z, Lin X, Zeng Y. The effects of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in COPD induced by cigarette smoke: an update. Respir Res 2022; 23:225. [PMID: 36045410 PMCID: PMC9429334 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02153-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a complex aerosol containing a large number of compounds with a variety of toxicity and carcinogenicity. Long-term exposure to cigarette smoke significantly increases the risk of a variety of diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a unique biological process, that refers to epithelial cells losing their polarity and transforming into mobile mesenchymal cells, playing a crucial role in organ development, fibrosis, and cancer progression. Numerous recent studies have shown that EMT is an important pathophysiological process involved in airway fibrosis, airway remodeling, and malignant transformation of COPD. In this review, we summarized the effects of cigarette smoke on the development and progression of COPD and focus on the specific changes and underlying mechanisms of EMT in COPD induced by cigarette smoke. We spotlighted the signaling pathways involved in EMT induced by cigarette smoke and summarize the current research and treatment approaches for EMT in COPD, aiming to provide ideas for potential new treatment and research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Su
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Weijing Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhixing Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yiming Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China.
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Associations among S100A4, Sphingosine-1-Phosphate, and Pulmonary Function in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6041471. [PMID: 35165531 PMCID: PMC8837900 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6041471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background. S100A4 is a member of the S100 calcium-binding protein family and is increased in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a naturally occurring bioactive sphingolipid, which regulates the adhesion between the cells and the extracellular matrix and affects cell migration and differentiation. The goal of this study was to analyze the correlations among S100A4, S1P, and pulmonary function among COPD patients. Methods. All 139 serum samples and 15 lung specimens were collected in COPD patients and control subjects. S100A4 and S1P were detected in two groups. The markers of fibrosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were measured in the lungs of COPD patients and control subjects. Results. The protein expression of S100A4 was higher in the lungs and serum of COPD patients than control cases. Additionally, serum S100A4 was inversely associated with pulmonary function among COPD patients. Meanwhile, collagen deposition and EMT nuclear transcription factors were elevated in the lungs of COPD patients. Moreover, the protein expression of S1P was increased in the serum of COPD patients. Serum S1P was gradually increased along with pulmonary function decline in COPD patients. Further correlation analysis revealed that serum S1P was negatively associated with pulmonary function in COPD patients. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between S1P and S100A4 in COPD patients. Conclusions. These results provide evidence that the elevation of S100A4 and S1P may be involved in the onset and progression of COPD.
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Apolloni S, D'Ambrosi N. Fibrosis as a common trait in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis tissues. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:97-98. [PMID: 34100438 PMCID: PMC8451558 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.314302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Savina Apolloni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia D'Ambrosi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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35
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Increased Serum Levels of S100A4 and S100A15 in Individuals Suffering from Hidradenitis Suppurativa. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225320. [PMID: 34830597 PMCID: PMC8617841 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Recently, some S100 proteins have been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and they may constitute valuable biomarkers for these diseases’ diagnosis and monitoring. The objective of the current study was to investigate, for the first time, serum levels of S100A4 and S100A15 in individuals suffering from HS. Furthermore, we assessed the associations between S100A4 and S100A15 serum levels and the severity of disease, CRP serum concentration and some demographic and clinical data. Serum levels of S100A4 and S100A15 were evaluated with the commercially available ELISA kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The serum level of S100A4 in individuals with HS was significantly elevated as compared to controls, with the highest level found in the individuals in Hurley stage II. The S100A15 serum level was positively correlated with the CRP concentration and was associated with the severity of the disease. The serum level of S100A15 in the individuals in Hurley stage III was significantly elevated compared to that of the controls and the individuals with HS in Hurley stages I and II. S100A4 and S100A15 may be considered as new serum biomarkers for the monitoring of HS progression, and they may play a role in the pathogenesis of HS by promoting inflammatory process and fibrosis.
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36
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Puray-Chavez M, Lee N, Tenneti K, Wang Y, Vuong HR, Liu Y, Horani A, Huang T, Gunsten SP, Case JB, Yang W, Diamond MS, Brody SL, Dougherty J, Kutluay SB. The translational landscape of SARS-CoV-2 and infected cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2020.11.03.367516. [PMID: 33173862 PMCID: PMC7654850 DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.03.367516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 utilizes a number of strategies to modulate viral and host mRNA translation. Here, we used ribosome profiling in SARS-CoV-2 infected model cell lines and primary airway cells grown at the air-liquid interface to gain a deeper understanding of the translationally regulated events in response to virus replication. We find that SARS-CoV-2 mRNAs dominate the cellular mRNA pool but are not more efficiently translated than cellular mRNAs. SARS-CoV-2 utilized a highly efficient ribosomal frameshifting strategy in comparison to HIV-1, suggesting utilization of distinct structural elements. In the highly permissive cell models, although SARS-CoV-2 infection induced the transcriptional upregulation of numerous chemokines, cytokines and interferon stimulated genes, many of these mRNAs were not translated efficiently. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on host mRNA translation was more subtle in primary cells, with marked transcriptional and translational upregulation of inflammatory and innate immune responses and downregulation of processes involved in ciliated cell function. Together, these data reveal the key role of mRNA translation in SARS-CoV-2 replication and highlight unique mechanisms for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Puray-Chavez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nakyung Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kasyap Tenneti
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yiqing Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hung R Vuong
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yating Liu
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Amjad Horani
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sean P Gunsten
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - James B Case
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Division, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Division, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven L Brody
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joseph Dougherty
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sebla B Kutluay
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Osawa Y, Kawai H, Tsunoda T, Komatsu H, Okawara M, Tsutsui Y, Yoshida Y, Yoshikawa S, Mori T, Yamazoe T, Yoshio S, Oide T, Inui A, Kanto T. Cluster of Differentiation 44 Promotes Liver Fibrosis and Serves as a Biomarker in Congestive Hepatopathy. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:1437-1447. [PMID: 34430787 PMCID: PMC8369942 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Congestive hepatopathy (CH) with chronic passive congestion is characterized by the progression of liver fibrosis without prominent inflammation and hepatocellular damage. Currently, the lack of reliable biomarkers for liver fibrosis in CH often precludes the clinical management of patients with CH. To explore fibrosis biomarkers, we performed proteome analysis on serum exosomes isolated from patients with CH after the Fontan procedure. Exosomal cluster of differentiation (CD)44 levels were increased in patients with CH compared to healthy volunteers and was accompanied by increases in serum levels of soluble CD44 and CD44 expression in the liver. To address the roles of CD44 in CH, we established a mouse model of chronic liver congestion by partial inferior vena cava ligation (pIVCL) that mimics CH by fibrosis progression with less inflammation and cellular damage. In the pIVCL mice, enhanced CD44 expression in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and deposition of its ligand hyaluronan were observed in the liver. Blood levels of soluble CD44 were correlated with liver fibrosis. The blockade of CD44 with specific antibody inhibited liver fibrosis in pIVCL mice and was accompanied by a reduction in S100 calcium-binding protein A4 expression following activation of HSCs. Conclusion: Chronic liver congestion promotes fibrosis through CD44. This identifies CD44 as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target of liver fibrosis in patients with CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Osawa
- Department of GastroenterologyInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan.,Research Center for Hepatitis and ImmunologyNational Center for Global Health and MedicineIchikawaJapan
| | - Hironari Kawai
- Research Center for Hepatitis and ImmunologyNational Center for Global Health and MedicineIchikawaJapan
| | - Tomoyuki Tsunoda
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology and GastroenterologySaiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu HospitalTsurumi, YokohamaJapan
| | - Haruki Komatsu
- Department of PediatricsToho University Medical CenterSakura HospitalSakuraJapan
| | - Miku Okawara
- Research Center for Hepatitis and ImmunologyNational Center for Global Health and MedicineIchikawaJapan
| | - Yuriko Tsutsui
- Research Center for Hepatitis and ImmunologyNational Center for Global Health and MedicineIchikawaJapan
| | - Yuichi Yoshida
- Research Center for Hepatitis and ImmunologyNational Center for Global Health and MedicineIchikawaJapan
| | - Shiori Yoshikawa
- Research Center for Hepatitis and ImmunologyNational Center for Global Health and MedicineIchikawaJapan
| | - Taizo Mori
- Research Center for Hepatitis and ImmunologyNational Center for Global Health and MedicineIchikawaJapan
| | - Taiji Yamazoe
- Research Center for Hepatitis and ImmunologyNational Center for Global Health and MedicineIchikawaJapan
| | - Sachiyo Yoshio
- Research Center for Hepatitis and ImmunologyNational Center for Global Health and MedicineIchikawaJapan
| | - Takashi Oide
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineKohnodai HospitalNational Center for Global Health and MedicineIchikawaJapan
| | - Ayano Inui
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology and GastroenterologySaiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu HospitalTsurumi, YokohamaJapan
| | - Tatsuya Kanto
- Research Center for Hepatitis and ImmunologyNational Center for Global Health and MedicineIchikawaJapan
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Dlouha D, Ivak P, Netuka I, Benesova S, Tucanova Z, Hubacek JA. An Integrative Study of Aortic mRNA/miRNA Longitudinal Changes in Long-Term LVAD Support. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147414. [PMID: 34299034 PMCID: PMC8303892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying the long-term impact of continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) offers an opportunity for a complex understanding of the pathophysiology of vascular changes in aortic tissue in response to a nonphysiological blood flow pattern. Our study aimed to analyze aortic mRNA/miRNA expression changes in response to long-term LVAD support. Paired aortic samples obtained at the time of LVAD implantation and at the time of heart transplantation were examined for mRNA/miRNA profiling. The number of differentially expressed genes (Pcorr < 0.05) shared between samples before and after LVAD support was 277. The whole miRNome profile revealed 69 differentially expressed miRNAs (Pcorr < 0.05). Gene ontology (GO) analysis identified that LVAD predominantly influenced genes involved in the extracellular matrix and collagen fibril organization. Integrated mRNA/miRNA analysis revealed that potential targets of miRNAs dysregulated in explanted samples are mainly involved in GO biological process terms related to dendritic spine organization, neuron projection organization, and cell junction assembly and organization. We found differentially expressed genes participating in vascular tissue engineering as a consequence of LVAD duration. Changes in aortic miRNA levels demonstrated an effect on molecular processes involved in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Dlouha
- Experimental Medicine Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-261-362-229
| | - Peter Ivak
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.I.); (I.N.); (Z.T.)
- Department of Physiology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Second Department of Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Netuka
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.I.); (I.N.); (Z.T.)
- Second Department of Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Benesova
- Laboratory of Informatics and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, BIOCEV, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Tucanova
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.I.); (I.N.); (Z.T.)
| | - Jaroslav A. Hubacek
- Experimental Medicine Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic;
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
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Milani M, Mammarella E, Rossi S, Miele C, Lattante S, Sabatelli M, Cozzolino M, D'Ambrosi N, Apolloni S. Targeting S100A4 with niclosamide attenuates inflammatory and profibrotic pathways in models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:132. [PMID: 34118929 PMCID: PMC8196441 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An increasing number of studies evidences that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by extensive alterations in different cell types and in different regions besides the CNS. We previously reported the upregulation in ALS models of a gene called fibroblast-specific protein-1 or S100A4, recognized as a pro-inflammatory and profibrotic factor. Since inflammation and fibrosis are often mutual-sustaining events that contribute to establish a hostile environment for organ functions, the comprehension of the elements responsible for these interconnected pathways is crucial to disclose novel aspects involved in ALS pathology. Methods Here, we employed fibroblasts derived from ALS patients harboring the C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion and ALS patients with no mutations in known ALS-associated genes and we downregulated S100A4 using siRNA or the S100A4 transcriptional inhibitor niclosamide. Mice overexpressing human FUS were adopted to assess the effects of niclosamide in vivo on ALS pathology. Results We demonstrated that S100A4 underlies impaired autophagy and a profibrotic phenotype, which characterize ALS fibroblasts. Indeed, its inhibition reduces inflammatory, autophagic, and profibrotic pathways in ALS fibroblasts, and interferes with different markers known as pathogenic in the disease, such as mTOR, SQSTM1/p62, STAT3, α-SMA, and NF-κB. Importantly, niclosamide in vivo treatment of ALS-FUS mice reduces the expression of S100A4, α-SMA, and PDGFRβ in the spinal cord, as well as gliosis in central and peripheral nervous tissues, together with axonal impairment and displays beneficial effects on muscle atrophy, by promoting muscle regeneration and reducing fibrosis. Conclusion Our findings show that S100A4 has a role in ALS-related mechanisms, and that drugs such as niclosamide which are able to target inflammatory and fibrotic pathways could represent promising pharmacological tools for ALS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02184-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Milani
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mammarella
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Rossi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Miele
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Lattante
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Genetica Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Sabatelli
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Centro Clinico NEMO, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Sezione di Neurologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Cozzolino
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia D'Ambrosi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Savina Apolloni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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40
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Kagimoto A, Tsutani Y, Kushitani K, Kambara T, Mimae T, Miyata Y, Takeshima Y, Okada M. Serum S100 calcium-binding protein A4 as a novel predictive marker of acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia after surgery for lung cancer. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:186. [PMID: 34078355 PMCID: PMC8173829 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01554-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute exacerbation (AE) of interstitial pneumonia (IP) is the most fatal complication after lung resection for lung cancer. To improve the prognosis of lung cancer with IP, the risk factors of AE of IP after lung resection should be assessed. S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4) is a member of the S100 family of proteins and is a known marker of tissue fibrosis. We examined the usefulness of S100A4 in predicting AE of IP after lung resection for lung cancer. METHODS This study included 162 patients with IP findings on preoperative high-resolution computed tomography scan who underwent curative-intent lung resection for primary lung cancer between April 2007 and March 2019. Serum samples were collected preoperatively. Resected lung tissue from 76 patients exhibited usual IP (UIP) pattern in resected lung were performed immunohistochemistry (IHC). Relationship between S100A4 and the incidence of AE of IP and short-term mortality was analyzed. RESULTS The receiver operating characteristic area under the curve for serum S100A4 to predict postoperative AE of IP was 0.871 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.799-0.943; P < 0.001), with a sensitivity of 93.8% and a specificity of 75.3% at the cutoff value of 17.13 ng/mL. Multivariable analysis revealed that a high serum S100A4 level (> 17.13 ng/mL) was a significant risk factor for AE of IP (odds ratio, 42.28; 95% CI, 3.98-449.29; P = 0.002). A 1-year overall survival (OS) was significantly shorter in patients with high serum levels of S100A4 (75.3%) than in those with low serum levels (92.3%; P = 0.003). IHC staining revealed that fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and macrophages expressed S100A4 in the UIP area, and the stroma and fibrosis in the primary tumor expressed S100A4, whereas tumor cells did not. CONCLUSIONS Serum S100A4 had a high predictive value for postoperative AE of IP and short-term mortality after lung resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kagimoto
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tsutani
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kei Kushitani
- Department of Pathology, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kambara
- Department of Pathology, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mimae
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyata
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yukio Takeshima
- Department of Pathology, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Morihito Okada
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
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41
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Schuster R, Rockel JS, Kapoor M, Hinz B. The inflammatory speech of fibroblasts. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:126-146. [PMID: 33987902 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Activation of fibroblasts is a key event during normal tissue repair after injury and the dysregulated repair processes that result in organ fibrosis. To most researchers, fibroblasts are rather unremarkable spindle-shaped cells embedded in the fibrous collagen matrix of connective tissues and/or deemed useful to perform mechanistic studies with adherent cells in culture. For more than a century, fibroblasts escaped thorough classification due to the lack of specific markers and were treated as the leftovers after all other cells have been identified from a tissue sample. With novel cell lineage tracing and single cell transcriptomics tools, bona fide fibroblasts emerge as only one heterogeneous sub-population of a much larger group of partly overlapping cell types, including mesenchymal stromal cells, fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells, pericytes, and/or perivascular cells. All these cells are activated to contribute to tissue repair after injury and/or chronic inflammation. "Activation" can entail various functions, such as enhanced proliferation, migration, instruction of inflammatory cells, secretion of extracellular matrix proteins and organizing enzymes, and acquisition of a contractile myofibroblast phenotype. We provide our view on the fibroblastic cell types and activation states playing a role during physiological and pathological repair and their crosstalk with inflammatory macrophages. Inflammation and fibrosis of the articular synovium during rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are used as specific examples to discuss inflammatory fibroblast phenotypes. Ultimately, delineating the precursors and functional roles of activated fibroblastic cells will contribute to better and more specific intervention strategies to treat fibroproliferative and fibrocontractive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Schuster
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,PhenomicAI, MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason S Rockel
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohit Kapoor
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Boris Hinz
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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42
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Okuno K, Eguchi S. Extracellular role of S100 calcium-binding protein A4 in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:1-3. [PMID: 33964135 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Okuno
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19002
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19002
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43
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S100A4 in the Physiology and Pathology of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040798. [PMID: 33918416 PMCID: PMC8066633 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
S100A4 is a member of the large family of S100 proteins, exerting a broad range of intracellular and extracellular functions that vary upon different cellular contexts. While S100A4 has long been implicated mainly in tumorigenesis and metastatization, mounting evidence shows that S100A4 is a key player in promoting pro-inflammatory phenotypes and organ pro-fibrotic pathways in the liver, kidney, lung, heart, tendons, and synovial tissues. Regarding the nervous system, there is still limited information concerning S100A4 presence and function. It was observed that S100A4 exerts physiological roles contributing to neurogenesis, cellular motility and chemotaxis, cell differentiation, and cell-to cell communication. Furthermore, S100A4 is likely to participate to numerous pathological processes of the nervous system by affecting the functions of astrocytes, microglia, infiltrating cells and neurons and thereby modulating inflammation and immune reactions, fibrosis as well as neuronal plasticity and survival. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge concerning the localization, deregulation, and possible functions of S100A4 in the physiology of the central and peripheral nervous system. Furthermore, we highlight S100A4 as a gene involved in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders such as brain tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, and acute injuries.
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44
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Chen X, Deng Z, Feng J, Chang Q, Lu F, Yuan Y. Necroptosis in Macrophage Foam Cells Promotes Fat Graft Fibrosis in Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:651360. [PMID: 33842478 PMCID: PMC8027326 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.651360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Fibrosis is a major grafting-related complication that leads to fat tissue dysfunction. Macrophage-induced inflammation is related to the development of fat tissue fibrosis. Necroptosis is a recently discovered pathway of programmed cell necrosis that results in severe inflammation and subsequent tissue fibrosis. Thus, in this study, we investigated the role of macrophage necroptosis in fat graft fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Fibrosis and necroptosis were investigated in mouse fat tissue before and after grafting. An in vitro “crown-like” structure (CLS) cell culture model was developed by co-culturing RAW 264.7 macrophages with apoptotic adipocytes to reproduce in vivo CLS macrophage-adipocyte interactions. Lipid uptake and necroptosis in CLS macrophages were analyzed using Oil-Red-O staining, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. RAW264.7 macrophages were cultured alone or with apoptotic adipocytes and treated with a necroptosis inhibitor (Nec-1 or GSK872) to explore the paracrine effect of necroptotic CLS macrophages on collagen synthesis in fibroblasts in vitro. Mice were treated with Nec-1 to analyze the effect of blocking necroptosis on fat graft fibrosis. Results: Fibrosis was increased after grafting in fat grafts of mice. Macrophages clustered around apoptotic adipocytes or large oil droplets to form a typical CLS in fibrotic depots. This was accompanied by formation and necroptosis of macrophage foam cells (MFCs) in CLSs. RAW 264.7 macrophages co-cultured with apoptotic adipocytes induced CLS formation in vitro, and lipid accumulation in CLS macrophages resulted in the formation and necroptosis of MFCs. Necroptosis of MFCs altered the expression of collagen I and VI in fibroblasts via a paracrine mechanism involving inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, which was reversed by GSK872 or Nec-1 treatment. Furthermore, treatment with Nec-1 ameliorated fat graft fibrosis in mice. Conclusion: Apoptotic adipocytes induced necroptosis of MFCs, and necroptosis of these cells activated collagen synthesis in fibroblasts via a paracrine mechanism. Inhibition of necroptosis in macrophages is a potential approach to prevent fibrosis in fat grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihang Chen
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilong Deng
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingwei Feng
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Chang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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45
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Chiarelli N, Zoppi N, Ritelli M, Venturini M, Capitanio D, Gelfi C, Colombi M. Biological insights in the pathogenesis of hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome from proteome profiling of patients' dermal myofibroblasts. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1867:166051. [PMID: 33383104 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.166051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS), mainly characterized by generalized joint hypermobility and its complications, minor skin changes, and apparently segregating with an autosomal dominant pattern, is still without a known molecular basis. Hence, its diagnosis is only clinical based on a strict set of criteria defined in the revised EDS nosology. Moreover, the hEDS phenotypic spectrum is wide-ranging and comprises multiple associated signs and symptoms shared with other heritable or acquired connective tissue disorders and chronic inflammatory diseases. In this complex scenario, we previously demonstrated that hEDS patients' skin fibroblasts show phenotypic features of myofibroblasts, widespread extracellular matrix (ECM) disarray, perturbation of ECM-cell contacts, and dysregulated expression of genes involved in connective tissue architecture and related to inflammatory and pain responses. Herein, the cellular proteome of 6 hEDS dermal myofibroblasts was compared to that of 12 control fibroblasts to deepen the knowledge on mechanisms involved in the disease pathogenesis. Qualitative and quantitative differences were assessed based on top-down and bottom-up approaches and some differentially expressed proteins were proofed by biochemical analyses. Proteomics disclosed the differential expression of proteins principally implicated in cytoskeleton organization, energy metabolism and redox balance, proteostasis, and intracellular trafficking. Our findings offer a comprehensive view of dysregulated protein networks and related pathways likely associated with the hEDS pathophysiology. The present results can be regarded as a starting point for future in-depth investigations aimed to decipher the functional impact of potential bioactive molecules for the development of targeted management and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Chiarelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Zoppi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Ritelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marina Venturini
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Spedali Civili University Hospital Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniele Capitanio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gelfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Colombi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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46
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Honda M, Ito Y, Hattori K, Hosono K, Sekiguchi K, Tsujikawa K, Unno N, Majima M. Inhibition of receptor activity-modifying protein 1 suppresses the development of endometriosis and the formation of blood and lymphatic vessels. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11984-11997. [PMID: 32869443 PMCID: PMC7578853 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimmune interactions are involved in the development of endometriosis. Here, we examined the role of a neuropeptide, calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP), and its receptor, receptor activity–modifying protein (RAMP) 1, in growth of endometrial tissues and the formation of blood and lymphatic vessels in a mouse ectopic endometrial transplantation model. Endometrial fragments from donor wild‐type (WT) mice transplanted into the peritoneal wall of recipient WT mice grew with increased density of blood and lymphatic vessels. When tissues from RAMP1‐deficient (RAMP1−/−) mice were transplanted into RAMP1−/− mice, implant growth and angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis were decreased. CGRP was up‐regulated in dorsal root ganglia, and CGRP+ nerve fibres were distributed into the implants from the peritoneum. RAMP1 was co‐expressed with CD11b (macrophages) and S100A4 (fibroblasts), but did not co‐localize with blood vessel endothelial cell marker CD31 or lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor (LYVE)‐1. Cultured with CGRP, macrophages up‐regulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐A, VEGF‐C and VEGF‐D, whereas fibroblasts up‐regulated VEGF‐C, but not VEGF‐A or VEGF‐D, in a RAMP1‐dependent manner. CGRP receptor antagonist CGRP8‐37 inhibited growth of and angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis within endometrial tissue implants. These results suggest that RAMP1 signalling is crucial for growth and angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis in endometrial tissue. Blockade of RAMP1 is a potential tool for the treatment of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Honda
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ito
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hattori
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kanako Hosono
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sekiguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kazutake Tsujikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuya Unno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masataka Majima
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan.,Department of Medical Therapeutics, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi, Japan
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47
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Li Z, Li Y, Liu S, Qin Z. Extracellular S100A4 as a key player in fibrotic diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5973-5983. [PMID: 32307910 PMCID: PMC7294136 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by fibroblast activation, extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and infiltration of inflammatory cells that sometimes leads to irreversible organ dysfunction. Considerable evidence now indicates that inflammation plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of organ fibrosis. S100A4 protein, a ubiquitous member of the S100 family, has recently been discovered as a potential factor implicated in fibrotic diseases. S100A4 protein is released at inflammatory site and has a certain biological function to promote cell motility, invasion, ECM remodelling, autophagy and angiogenesis. In addition, extracellular S100A4 is also a potential causation of inflammatory processes and induces the release of cytokines and growth factors under different pathological conditions. Elevated S100A4 level in patients’ serum closely correlates with disease activity in several fibrotic diseases and serves as a useful biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring disease progression. Analyses of knockout mouse models have identified a functional role of extracellular S100A4 protein in fibrotic diseases, suggesting that suppressing its expression, release or function might be a promising therapeutic strategy. This review will focus on the role of extracellular S100A4 as a key regulator of pro‐inflammatory signalling pathways and its relative biological processes involved in the pathogenesis of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Li
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihai Qin
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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