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Kakoti BB, Alom S, Deka K, Halder RK. AMPK pathway: an emerging target to control diabetes mellitus and its related complications. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:441-459. [PMID: 38932895 PMCID: PMC11196491 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-024-01420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Purpose In this extensive review work, the important role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in causing of diabetes mellitus has been highlighted. Structural feature of AMPK as well its regulations and roles are described nicely, and the association of AMPK with the diabetic complications like nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy are also explained along with the connection between AMPK and β-cell function, insulin resistivity, mTOR, protein metabolism, autophagy and mitophagy and effect on protein and lipid metabolism. Methods Published journals were searched on the database like PubMed, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science by using keywords such as AMPK, diabetes mellitus, regulation of AMPK, complications of diabetes mellitus, autophagy, apoptosis etc. Result After extensive review, it has been found that, kinase enzyme like AMPK is having vital role in management of type II diabetes mellitus. AMPK involve in enhance the concentration of glucose transporter like GLUT 1 and GLUT 4 which result in lowering of blood glucose level in influx of blood glucose into the cells; AMPK increases the insulin sensitivity and decreases the insulin resistance and further AMPK decreases the apoptosis of β-cells which result into secretion of insulin and AMPK is also involve in declining of oxidative stress, lipotoxicity and inflammation, owing to which organ damage due to diabetes mellitus can be lowered by activation of AMPK. Conclusion As AMPK activation leads to overall control of diabetes mellitus, designing and developing of small molecules or peptide that can act as AMPK agonist will be highly beneficial for control or manage diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibhuti B. Kakoti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, 786004 Dibrugarh, Assam India
| | - Shahnaz Alom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, 786004 Dibrugarh, Assam India
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Girijananda Chowdhury University- Tezpur campus, 784501 Sonitpur, Assam India
| | - Kangkan Deka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, 786004 Dibrugarh, Assam India
- Department of Pharmacognosy, NETES Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, NEMCARE Group of Institutions, 781125 Mirza, Kamrup, Assam India
| | - Raj Kumar Halder
- Ruhvenile Biomedical, Plot -8 OCF Pocket Institution, Sarita Vihar, 110076 Delhi, India
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Wright K, Han DJ, Song R, de Silva K, Plain KM, Purdie AC, Shepherd A, Chin M, Hortle E, Wong JJL, Britton WJ, Oehlers SH. Zebrafish tsc1 and cxcl12a increase susceptibility to mycobacterial infection. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302523. [PMID: 38307625 PMCID: PMC10837051 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulation of host miRNA expression is a contested node that controls the host immune response to mycobacterial infection. The host must counter subversive efforts of pathogenic mycobacteria to launch a protective immune response. Here, we examine the role of miR-126 in the zebrafish-Mycobacterium marinum infection model and identify a protective role for infection-induced miR-126 through multiple effector pathways. We identified a putative link between miR-126 and the tsc1a and cxcl12a/ccl2/ccr2 signalling axes resulting in the suppression of non-tnfa expressing macrophage accumulation at early M. marinum granulomas. Mechanistically, we found a detrimental effect of tsc1a expression that renders zebrafish embryos susceptible to higher bacterial burden and increased cell death via mTOR inhibition. We found that macrophage recruitment driven by the cxcl12a/ccl2/ccr2 signalling axis was at the expense of the recruitment of classically activated tnfa-expressing macrophages and increased cell death around granulomas. Together, our results delineate putative pathways by which infection-induced miR-126 may shape an effective immune response to M. marinum infection in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Wright
- https://ror.org/0384j8v12 Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- https://ror.org/0384j8v12 Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- https://ror.org/0384j8v12 Directed Evolution Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- https://ror.org/0384j8v12 Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Darryl Jy Han
- https://ror.org/036wvzt09 A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Renhua Song
- https://ror.org/0384j8v12 Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- https://ror.org/0384j8v12 Epigenetics and RNA Biology Laboratory, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Kumudika de Silva
- https://ror.org/0384j8v12 Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Karren M Plain
- https://ror.org/0384j8v12 Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Auriol C Purdie
- https://ror.org/0384j8v12 Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ava Shepherd
- https://ror.org/0384j8v12 Directed Evolution Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Maegan Chin
- https://ror.org/0384j8v12 Directed Evolution Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Elinor Hortle
- https://ror.org/0384j8v12 Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- https://ror.org/0384j8v12 Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Inflammation and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Justin J-L Wong
- https://ror.org/0384j8v12 Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- https://ror.org/0384j8v12 Epigenetics and RNA Biology Laboratory, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Warwick J Britton
- https://ror.org/0384j8v12 Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- https://ror.org/0384j8v12 Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Stefan H Oehlers
- https://ror.org/0384j8v12 Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- https://ror.org/0384j8v12 Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- https://ror.org/036wvzt09 A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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3
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Zhao L, Fan K, Sun X, Li W, Qin F, Shi L, Gao F, Zheng C. Host-directed therapy against mycobacterium tuberculosis infections with diabetes mellitus. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1305325. [PMID: 38259491 PMCID: PMC10800548 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1305325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and is one of the principal reasons for mortality and morbidity worldwide. Currently, recommended anti-tuberculosis drugs include isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. TB treatment is lengthy and inflicted with severe side-effects, including reduced patient compliance with treatment and promotion of drug-resistant strains. TB is also prone to other concomitant diseases such as diabetes and HIV. These drug-resistant and complex co-morbid characteristics increase the complexity of treating MTB. Host-directed therapy (HDT), which effectively eliminates MTB and minimizes inflammatory tissue damage, primarily by targeting the immune system, is currently an attractive complementary approach. The drugs used for HDT are repositioned drugs in actual clinical practice with relative safety and efficacy assurance. HDT is a potentially effective therapeutic intervention for the treatment of MTB and diabetic MTB, and can compensate for the shortcomings of current TB therapies, including the reduction of drug resistance and modulation of immune response. Here, we summarize the state-of-the-art roles and mechanisms of HDT in immune modulation and treatment of MTB, with a special focus on the role of HDT in diabetic MTB, to emphasize the potential of HDT in controlling MTB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Department of Tuberculosis III, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Fan
- Department of Tuberculosis III, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuezhi Sun
- Department of Tuberculosis III, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Tuberculosis III, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fenfen Qin
- Department of Tuberculosis III, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liwen Shi
- Department of Tuberculosis III, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chunlan Zheng
- Department of Tuberculosis III, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Martinez N, Smulan LJ, Jameson ML, Smith CM, Cavallo K, Bellerose M, Williams J, West K, Sassetti CM, Singhal A, Kornfeld H. Glycerol contributes to tuberculosis susceptibility in male mice with type 2 diabetes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5840. [PMID: 37730757 PMCID: PMC10511404 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41519-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus increases risk for tuberculosis disease and adverse outcomes. Most people with both conditions have type 2 diabetes, but it is unknown if type 1 and type 2 diabetes have identical effects on tuberculosis susceptibility. Here we show that male mice receiving a high-fat diet and streptozotocin to model type 2 diabetes, have higher mortality, more lung pathology, and higher bacterial burden following Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection compared to mice treated with streptozotocin or high-fat diet alone. Type 2 diabetes model mice have elevated plasma glycerol, which is a preferred carbon source for M. tuberculosis. Infection studies with glycerol kinase mutant M. tuberculosis reveal that glycerol utilization contributes to the susceptibility of the type 2 diabetes mice. Hyperglycemia impairs protective immunity against M. tuberculosis in both forms of diabetes, but our data show that elevated glycerol contributes to an additional adverse effect uniquely relevant to type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Martinez
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Lorissa J Smulan
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Michael L Jameson
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Clare M Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Kelly Cavallo
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Bellerose
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - John Williams
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Kim West
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Christopher M Sassetti
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Amit Singhal
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Hardy Kornfeld
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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5
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Kim YJ, Park EJ, Lee SH, Silwal P, Kim JK, Yang JS, Whang J, Jang J, Kim JM, Jo EK. Dimethyl itaconate is effective in host-directed antimicrobial responses against mycobacterial infections through multifaceted innate immune pathways. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:49. [PMID: 36882813 PMCID: PMC9993662 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00992-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Itaconate, a crucial immunometabolite, plays a critical role in linking immune and metabolic functions to influence host defense and inflammation. Due to its polar structure, the esterified cell-permeable derivatives of itaconate are being developed to provide therapeutic opportunities in infectious and inflammatory diseases. Yet, it remains largely uncharacterized whether itaconate derivatives have potentials in promoting host-directed therapeutics (HDT) against mycobacterial infections. Here, we report dimethyl itaconate (DMI) as the promising candidate for HDT against both Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and nontuberculous mycobacteria by orchestrating multiple innate immune programs. RESULTS DMI per se has low bactericidal activity against Mtb, M. bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), and M. avium (Mav). However, DMI robustly activated intracellular elimination of multiple mycobacterial strains (Mtb, BCG, Mav, and even to multidrug-resistant Mtb) in macrophages and in vivo. DMI significantly suppressed the production of interleukin-6 and -10, whereas it enhanced autophagy and phagosomal maturation, during Mtb infection. DMI-mediated autophagy partly contributed to antimicrobial host defenses in macrophages. Moreover, DMI significantly downregulated the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling during infection with Mtb, BCG, and Mav. CONCLUSION Together, DMI has potent anti-mycobacterial activities in macrophages and in vivo through promoting multifaceted ways for innate host defenses. DMI may bring light to new candidate for HDT against Mtb and nontuberculous mycobacteria, both of which infections are often intractable with antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jae Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Park
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Lee
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Prashanta Silwal
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jeong Seong Yang
- Department of Research and Development, Korea Mycobacterium Resource Center (KMRC), The Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Osong, 28158, South Korea
| | - Jake Whang
- Department of Research and Development, Korea Mycobacterium Resource Center (KMRC), The Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Osong, 28158, South Korea
| | - Jichan Jang
- Division of Life Science, Department of Bio & Medical Big Data (BK21 Four Program), Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea. .,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea. .,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.
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Investigation of the Potential Mechanism of Alpinia officinarum Hance in Improving Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:4934711. [PMID: 36818229 PMCID: PMC9935802 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4934711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective We used network pharmacology, molecular docking, and cellular analysis to explore the pharmacodynamic components and action mechanism of Alpinia officinarum Hance (A. officinarum) in improving type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to predict the potential targets and mechanism of A. officinarum toward improving T2DM. The first 9 core targets and potential active compounds were docked using Discovery Studio 2019. Finally, IR-HepG2 cells and qPCR were applied to determine the mRNA expression of the top 6 core targets of the PPI network. Results A total of 29 active ingredients and 607 targets of A. officinarum were obtained. T2DM-related targets overlapped with 176 targets. The core targets of the PPI network were identified as AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), an activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), tumor protein p53 (TP53), SRC proto-oncogene, nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (SRC), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), albumin (ALB), mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG). A. officinarum performs an antidiabetic role via the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, the HIF-1 signaling pathway, the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, and others, according to GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. Molecular docking revealed that the binding ability of diarylheptanoid active components in A. officinarum to core target protein was higher than that of flavonoids. The cell experiments confirmed that the A. officinarum extracts improved the glucose uptake of IR-HepG2 cells and AKT expression while inhibiting the STAT3, TNF, TP53, SRC, and EGFR mRNA expression. Conclusion A. officinarum Hance improves T2DM by acting on numerous components, multiple targets, and several pathways. Our results lay the groundwork for the subsequent research and broaden the clinical application of A. officinarum Hance.
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Ginsenoside Rg1 Inhibits STAT3 Expression by miR-15b-5p to Attenuate Lung Injury in Mice with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-Associated Pulmonary Tuberculosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9017021. [PMID: 36248428 PMCID: PMC9553455 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9017021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been regarded as a critical risk factor for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Ginsenoside Rg1 has been identified as a potential therapeutic agent for T2DM by suppressing the inflammatory response. However, the effect of Rg1 on T2DM-associated PTB has not been reported. In this study, we aimed to explore the function of Rg1 in the regulation of T2DM-associated PTB. We established a T2DM-associated PTB mouse model and found that the fibrosis of lung tissues was inhibited by Rg1 in T2DM-associated PTB mice. The lung injury of T2DM-associated PTB mice was repressed by Rg1. Moreover, the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in the lung tissues and serum were decreased by Rg1 in T2DM-associated PTB mice. The treatment with Rg1 inhibited the levels of free fatty acid and enhanced the expression of miR-15b-5p in lung tissues of T2DM-associated PTB mice. MiR-15b-5p targeted and inhibited the STAT3 expression. The expression of STAT3 was downregulated by Rg1, while the inhibition of miR-15b-5p reversed the downregulation. The expression of miR-15b-5p was reduced, but the expression of STAT3 was upregulated in the lung tissues of T2DM-associated PTB mice. We validated that miR-15b-5p attenuated inflammation and lung injury in the T2DM-associated PTB mouse model. The overexpression of STAT3 or the suppression of miR-15b-5p restored lung fibrosis and injury inhibited by Rg1 in T2DM-associated PTB mice. Meanwhile, the Rg1-repressed levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β were enhanced by the overexpression of STAT3 or the suppression of miR-15b-5p. In addition, the levels of free fatty acid repressed by Rg1 were reversed by STAT3 overexpression and miR-15b-5p inhibition. Thus, we conclude that ginsenoside Rg1 inhibits the STAT3 expression by miR-15b-5p to attenuate lung injury in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated pulmonary tuberculosis.
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Yan K, Xu G, Li Z. MicroRNA-20b carried by mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles protects alveolar epithelial type II cells from Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in vitro. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 101:105292. [PMID: 35504589 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been largely used for their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties in the treatment of immune-based disorders and bacterial infections. This study explores the function of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) in alveolar epithelial type II cells (AECII) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. EVs were extracted from the acquired MSCs. AECII-like MLE-15 and A549 cells were treated with MSC-EVs and then subjected to MTB infection. MSC-EVs treatment significantly prevented the increase in bacterial load, and it prevented the production of proinflammatory cytokines in cells induced by MTB infection. MicroRNA-20b (miR-20b) was upregulated in cells after MSC-EVs treatment. Artificial inhibition of miR-20b blocked the protective effects of MSC-EVs against MTB infection. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis was performed to analyze the key molecules involved in the immune regulation in cells mediated by miR-20b. miR-20b directly targeted nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) and inactivated the Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) signaling pathway by reducing the formation of TLR2-TLR4 dimer after MTB infection. In conclusion, this study suggests that MSC-EVs carry miR-20b to inhibit NFAT5 and inactivate the TLR signaling pathway, thus mediating innate immune response and preventing AECII from MTB infection-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyi Yan
- Department of Respiratory Nursing, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao 266034, Shandong, PR China
| | - Guangying Xu
- Department of Respiratory Nursing, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao 266034, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ze Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Linyi High-tech Zone People's Hospital, Linyi 276200, Shandong, PR China.
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Ren Y, Ren H, Tian Q, Li X, Liu Y. The relationship between computed tomography appearance of pulmonary tuberculosis and blood glucose levels in 763 diabetes mellitus patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: a comparative study. Endocrine 2022; 76:584-592. [PMID: 35332512 PMCID: PMC9156482 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glucose tolerance is often impaired in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients. We aimed to explore the relationship between computed tomography (CT) findings of TB and blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. METHODS 763 diabetes mellitus patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (DMTB) from March 2015 to March 2018 were selected and their clinical data were retrospectively evaluated. CT appearance of DMTB was reviewed and compared according to blood glucose levels and CT scores. TB scores were calculated according to the combination of typical and atypical CT appearance. The relationship between blood glucose levels and CT scores was analyzed via Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS TB lesions mainly occurred in the left lung and the lower lobes in the DMTB patients. Nodules and cavities are the main typical complications in these DMTB patients, and especially the number and size of cavities predominantly contribute to CT scan scores. The size of cavities (diameters (cm), median (95% CI of median)) was 0.72 (0.66-0.77), 1.20 (1.09-1.28), and 3.45 (2.92-3.94) from the low-, middle- and high-CT-score groups, respectively. The patients with high CT scores had a higher level of fasting plasma glucose (mean 13.48 mM, 95% CI of median 12.56-14.44 mM) than the patients in the low-CT-score (mean 8.73 mM, 95% CI of median 8.49-9.36 mM) and middle-CT-score groups (mean 10.16 mM, 95% CI of median 9.89-10.49 mM) (P < 0.0001). CT scores have a consistent relationship with the levels of blood glucose (rho = 0.60, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS CT appearance stands for the severity of tuberculosis and is closely associated with blood glucose levels in diabetic TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ren
- Tuberculosis Ward 9, Shenyang Tenth People's Hospital, Shenyang, 110044, China.
| | - Hongmei Ren
- Tuberculosis Ward 9, Shenyang Tenth People's Hospital, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Qian Tian
- Tuberculosis Ward 9, Shenyang Tenth People's Hospital, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Xue Li
- Tuberculosis Ward 9, Shenyang Tenth People's Hospital, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Yuxi Liu
- Tuberculosis Ward 9, Shenyang Tenth People's Hospital, Shenyang, 110044, China
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Zhao H, Shi L, Wang X, Yu X, Wang D. Sp1 transcription factor represses transcription of phosphatase and tensin homolog to aggravate lung injury in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus-pulmonary tuberculosis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:9928-9944. [PMID: 35420971 PMCID: PMC9162029 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2062196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can enhance the risk of mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection and aggravate pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). This study intended to explore the function of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in T2DM-PTB and the molecules involved. Mice were treated with streptozotocin to induce T2DM and then infected with Mtb. The mice with T2DM had increased weight, blood glucose level, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, and increased susceptibility to PTB after Mtb infection. PTEN was significantly downregulated in mice with T2DM-PTB and it had specific predictive value in patients. Overexpression of PTEN improved mouse survival and reduced bacterial load, inflammatory infiltration, cell apoptosis, and fibrosis in lung tissues. Sp1 transcription factor (SP1) was predicted and identified as an upstream regulator of PTEN. SP1 suppressed PTEN transcription. Silencing of SP1 enhanced mouse survival and alleviated the lung injury, and it promoted the M1 polarization of macrophages in murine lung tissues. However, further downregulation of PTEN increased protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation and blocked the alleviating roles of SP1 silencing in T2DM-PTB. This study demonstrates that SP1 represses PTEN transcription to promote lung injury in mice with T2DM-PTB through Akt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhao
- Department of Tuberculosis, Shenyang Chest Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lian Shi
- Department of Tuberculosis, Shenyang Chest Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Tuberculosis, Shenyang Chest Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiuli Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Shenyang Chest Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Danfeng Wang
- Department of Tuberculosis, Shenyang Chest Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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11
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Entezari M, Hashemi D, Taheriazam A, Zabolian A, Mohammadi S, Fakhri F, Hashemi M, Hushmandi K, Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Ertas YN, Mirzaei S, Samarghandian S. AMPK signaling in diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and diabetic complications: A pre-clinical and clinical investigation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112563. [PMID: 35062059 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered as a main challenge in both developing and developed countries, as lifestyle has changed and its management seems to be vital. Type I and type II diabetes are the main kinds and they result in hyperglycemia in patients and related complications. The gene expression alteration can lead to development of DM and related complications. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensor with aberrant expression in various diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases and DM. The present review focuses on understanding AMPK role in DM. Inducing AMPK signaling promotes glucose in DM that is of importance for ameliorating hyperglycemia. Further investigation reveals the role of AMPK signaling in enhancing insulin sensitivity for treatment of diabetic patients. Furthermore, AMPK upregulation inhibits stress and cell death in β cells that is of importance for preventing type I diabetes development. The clinical studies on diabetic patients have shown the role of AMPK signaling in improving diabetic complications such as brain disorders. Furthermore, AMPK can improve neuropathy, nephropathy, liver diseases and reproductive alterations occurring during DM. For exerting such protective impacts, AMPK signaling interacts with other molecular pathways such as PGC-1α, PI3K/Akt, NOX4 and NF-κB among others. Therefore, providing therapeutics based on AMPK targeting can be beneficial for amelioration of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Danial Hashemi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, 5th Azar Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran
| | - Shima Mohammadi
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Farima Fakhri
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Sariyer 34396, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey; ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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