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Pitru A, Gheorghe DN, Popescu DM, Nicolae FM, Boldeanu MV, Turcu-Stiolica A, Arsenie CC, Surlin P, Cazacu SM, Rogoveanu I. Expression of Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 and Thrombospondin-1 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Patients with Periodontitis and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:5427-5437. [PMID: 39161680 PMCID: PMC11332411 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s448963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a heterogeneous spectrum of liver diseases that encompass simple steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease with multiple causal factors that presents a complex interaction between the microbial biofilm and the host's immune response. The aim of this study was to investigate the concentrations of Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 (VAP-1) and Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) in patients with coexisting periodontitis and NAFLD. Patients and Methods This study included 48 patients, who were dental and periodontal assessed. Of these patients, 25 were diagnosed with NAFLD. After performing the periodontal clinical examination, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) dedicated kits tests were used for the detection and quantitative determination of VAP-1 and TSP-1 in GCF samples. Statistical methods were applied for the comparison and correlation of data. Results VAP-1 and TSP-1 levels showed significant differences between all test and control groups (p<0.0001). Statistically significant correlations (p<0.05) between VAP-1 and periodontal and liver parameters were found in patients with NAFLD and periodontitis. Conclusion Periodontal inflammation is more marked in patients with periodontitis-NAFLD association. Vascular adhesion and angiogenesis could be affected in patients with periodontitis and NAFLD. These findings could suggest that addressing periodontal inflammation in individuals with the periodontitis-NAFLD association may have a broader impact on vascular adhesion and angiogenesis, highlighting the interplay between oral health and liver conditions for comprehensive patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allma Pitru
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, 200349, Romania
| | - Dorin Nicolae Gheorghe
- Department of Periodontology, Research Center of Periodontal-Systemic Interactions, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, 200349, Romania
| | - Dora Maria Popescu
- Department of Periodontology, Research Center of Periodontal-Systemic Interactions, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, 200349, Romania
| | - Flavia Mirela Nicolae
- Department of Periodontology, Research Center of Periodontal-Systemic Interactions, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, 200349, Romania
| | - Mihail Virgil Boldeanu
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, 200349, Romania
| | - Adina Turcu-Stiolica
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Statistical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, 200349, Romania
| | | | - Petra Surlin
- Department of Periodontology, Research Center of Periodontal-Systemic Interactions, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, 200349, Romania
| | - Sergiu Marian Cazacu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, 200349, Romania
| | - Ion Rogoveanu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, 200349, Romania
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Suárez LJ, Arce RM, Gonçalves C, Furquim CP, Santos NCD, Retamal-Valdes B, Feres M. Metronidazole may display anti-inflammatory features in periodontitis treatment: A scoping review. Mol Oral Microbiol 2024; 39:240-259. [PMID: 38613247 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
AIM Metronidazole (MTZ) is an antimicrobial agent used to treat anaerobic infections. It has been hypothesized that MTZ may also have anti-inflammatory properties, but the evidence is limited and has not been previously reviewed. Thus, this scoping review aimed to answer the following question: "What is the evidence supporting anti-inflammatory properties of metronidazole that are not mediated by its antimicrobial effects?" METHODS A scoping review was conducted according to the PRISMA-ScR statement. Five databases were searched up to January 2023 for studies evaluating the anti-inflammatory properties of MTZ used as monotherapy for treating infectious and inflammatory diseases. RESULTS A total of 719 records were identified, and 27 studies (21 in vivo and 6 in vitro) were included. The studies reported experimental evidence of MTZ anti-inflammatory effects on (1) innate immunity (barrier permeability, leukocyte adhesion, immune cell populations), (2) acquired immunity (lymphocyte proliferation, T-cell function, cytokine profile), and (3) wound healing/resolution of inflammation. CONCLUSION Taken together, this scoping review supported a potential anti-inflammatory effect of MTZ in periodontitis treatment. We recommend that future clinical studies should be conducted to evaluate specific MTZ anti-inflammatory pathways in the treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina J Suárez
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Oral, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Roger M Arce
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cristiane Gonçalves
- Department of Periodontology, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila Pinheiro Furquim
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nidia Castro Dos Santos
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Albert Einstein, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Belén Retamal-Valdes
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Magda Feres
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Deng Y, Xiao J, Ma L, Wang C, Wang X, Huang X, Cao Z. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Periodontitis and Associated Systemic Diseases: Implications for Pathomechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1024. [PMID: 38256098 PMCID: PMC10816612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disorder damaging periodontal tissues, including the gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. It arises from the complex interplay between pathogenic oral bacteria and host immune response. Contrary to the previous view of "energy factories", mitochondria have recently been recognized as semi-autonomous organelles that fine-tune cell survival, death, metabolism, and other functions. Under physiological conditions, periodontal tissue cells participate in dynamic processes, including differentiation, mineralization, and regeneration. These fundamental activities depend on properly functioning mitochondria, which play a crucial role through bioenergetics, dynamics, mitophagy, and quality control. However, during the initiation and progression of periodontitis, mitochondrial quality control is compromised due to a range of challenges, such as bacterial-host interactions, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Currently, mounting evidence suggests that mitochondria dysfunction serves as a common pathological mechanism linking periodontitis with systemic conditions like type II diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, targeting mitochondria to intervene in periodontitis and multiple associated systemic diseases holds great therapeutic potential. This review provides advanced insights into the interplay between mitochondria, periodontitis, and associated systemic diseases. Moreover, we emphasize the significance of diverse therapeutic modulators and signaling pathways that regulate mitochondrial function in periodontal and systemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.D.)
| | - Junhong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.D.)
| | - Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.D.)
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.D.)
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.D.)
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.D.)
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (Y.D.)
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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4
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Li A, Du M, Chen Y, Marks LA, Visser A, Xu S, Tjakkes GE. Periodontitis and cognitive impairment in older adults: The mediating role of mitochondrial dysfunction. J Periodontol 2022; 93:1302-1313. [PMID: 35363382 PMCID: PMC9790481 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased attention has been focused on the associations of periodontal disease with the onset and progression of cognitive impairment. Although the associations are likely to be multifactorial, few studies have explored the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the periodontitis-dementia link. METHODS Cross-sectional data of 1,883 participants aged ≥60 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014 were analyzed. The following data were collected: 1) general information on sociodemographic, behavioral, and health-related factors; 2) periodontal status (mean attachment loss [AL] and mean probing depth [PD]); 3) mitochondrion-derived biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction (blood sample concentration of methylmalonic acid [MMA]); 4) cognitive function (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease immediate recall [CERAD-IR] and delay recall [CERAD-DR], animal fluency test, and digit symbol substitution test [DSST]). Mediation analysis weighted for complex survey design was used to assess the effect of MMA on the association of periodontal status with cognitive function after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Participants with Stage III and IV periodontitis had lower scores on cognitive performance and higher MMA levels than those with Stages I/II periodontitis. Circulating MMA was significantly associated with CERAD-DR (weighted β [SE] = -0.076 [0.011]) and DSST (weighted β [SE] = -0.039 [0.009]), which mediated 9.9% and 6.0% of the total association of mean PD with cognitive function. Moreover, MMA mediated 11.7% and 5.8% of the association of mean AL with CERAD-DR and DSST, respectively. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that MMA, a biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction, plays a mediating role in the link between periodontitis and cognitive impairment in older adults aged ≥60 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Li
- Center of Oral ImplantologyStomatological HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina,Center for Dentistry and Oral HygieneUniversity Medical Center Groningen (UMCG)University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Mi Du
- Department of ImplantologyCheeloo College of MedicineShandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue RegenerationSchool and Hospital of StomatologyShandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue RegenerationJinanChina
| | - Yuntao Chen
- Medical Statistics and Decision‐MakingDepartment of EpidemiologyUMCGUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands,Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Luc A.M. Marks
- Center for Dentistry and Oral HygieneUniversity Medical Center Groningen (UMCG)University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Anita Visser
- Center for Dentistry and Oral HygieneUniversity Medical Center Groningen (UMCG)University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands,Department for GerodontologyCollege of Dental SciencesRadboud University Nijmegen Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Shulan Xu
- Center of Oral ImplantologyStomatological HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Geerten‐Has E. Tjakkes
- Center for Dentistry and Oral HygieneUniversity Medical Center Groningen (UMCG)University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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Zhu X, Huang H, Zhao L. PAMPs and DAMPs as the Bridge Between Periodontitis and Atherosclerosis: The Potential Therapeutic Targets. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:856118. [PMID: 35281098 PMCID: PMC8915442 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.856118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic artery disease characterized by plaque formation and vascular inflammation, eventually leading to myocardial infarction and stroke. Innate immunity plays an irreplaceable role in the vascular inflammatory response triggered by chronic infection. Periodontitis is a common chronic disorder that involves oral microbe-related inflammatory bone loss and local destruction of the periodontal ligament and is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Periodontal pathogens contain numerous pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as lipopolysaccharide, CpG DNA, and Peptidoglycan, that initiate the inflammatory response of the innate immunity depending on the recognition of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) of host cells. The immune-inflammatory response and destruction of the periodontal tissue will produce a large number of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), alarmins (S100 protein), and which can further affect the progression of atherosclerosis. Molecular patterns have recently become the therapeutic targets for inflammatory disease, including blocking the interaction between molecular patterns and PRRs and controlling the related signal transduction pathway. This review summarized the research progress of some representative PAMPs and DAMPs as the molecular pathological mechanism bridging periodontitis and atherosclerosis. We also discussed possible ways to prevent serious cardiovascular events in patients with periodontitis and atherosclerosis by targeting molecular patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanzhi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanyao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Hanyao Huang, ; Lei Zhao,
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Hanyao Huang, ; Lei Zhao,
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6
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Moseley R, Waddington RJ. Modification of gingival proteoglycans by reactive oxygen species: potential mechanism of proteoglycan degradation during periodontal diseases. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:970-981. [PMID: 34821180 PMCID: PMC10392033 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.2003351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and oxidative stress are increasingly being implicated in the extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation associated with chronic inflammatory conditions, such as periodontal diseases. The present study investigated the effects of ROS exposure on the proteoglycans of gingival tissues, utilizing an in vitro model system comprised of supra-physiological oxidant concentrations, to ascertain whether gingival proteoglycan modification and degradation by ROS contributed to the underlying mechanisms of ECM destruction during active gingivitis. Proteoglycans were purified from ovine gingival tissues and exposed to increasing H2O2 concentrations or a hydroxyl radical (·OH) flux for 1 h or 24 h, and ROS effects on proteoglycan core proteins and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains were assessed. ROS were capable of degrading gingival proteoglycans, with ·OH species inducing greater degradative effects than H2O2 alone. Degradative effects were particularly manifested as amino acid modification, core protein cleavage, and GAG chain depolymerization. Proteoglycan core proteins were more susceptible to degradation than GAG chains with H2O2 alone, although core proteins and GAG chains were both extensively degraded by ·OH species. Proteoglycan exposure to ·OH species for 24 h induced significant core protein amino acid modification, with decreases in glutamate, proline, isoleucine, and leucine; and concomitant increases in serine, glycine, and alanine residues. As clinical reports have previously highlighted proteoglycan core protein degradation during chronic gingivitis, whereas their sulfated GAG chains remain relatively intact, these findings potentially provide further evidence to implicate ROS in the pathogenesis of active gingivitis, complementing the enzymic mechanisms of periodontal tissue destruction already established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Moseley
- Regenerative Biology Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair (CITER), College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rachel J Waddington
- Regenerative Biology Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair (CITER), College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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7
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Yoshihara A, Kaneko N, Miyamoto A, Nohno K. Interaction between and impact of IL-6 genotype and alpha-tocopherol levels on periodontal condition in aging individuals. J Periodontal Res 2020; 56:139-146. [PMID: 32951223 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Few studies have assessed the possible interaction between and impact of IL-6 variants and serum α-tocopherol levels on periodontal condition in older individuals. Here, we assessed the relationship between IL-6 variants and serum α-tocopherol levels on periodontal condition by considering effect modification. MATERIAL AND METHODS Among the study participants, 359 who were 71 years of age underwent a dental examination, biochemical analysis, and interview. After dividing the participants into tertiles based on serum α-tocopherol levels, we conducted Poisson regression analysis to compare the prevalence rate ratio (PRR) for periodontal disease markers with the IL-6 genotype (rs1800796) based on each tertile adjusted by the number of teeth present (offset). RESULTS The PRRs of the IL-6 genotype for periodontal condition (probing pocket depth [PPD], clinical attachment level [CAL], and bleeding on probing [BOP]) which were adjusted by the number of teeth present (offset) were 1.17 (P < .001), 1.37 (P < .001), and 1.08 (P = .048), respectively. In addition, a significant association was found between the reciprocal number of PRRs of the IL-6 genotype and three serum α-tocopherol levels. The adjusted PRRs (± standard error) of the IL-6 genotypes for PPD were 0.48 (0.12) for the first group (P < .001), 1.54 (0.04) for the second group (P < .001), and 2.11 (0.03) for the third group (P < .001); similar tendencies were seen for CAL and BOP. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest a potential association between the IL-6 genotype and periodontal condition in relation to serum antioxidant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Yoshihara
- Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Noboru Kaneko
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akane Miyamoto
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kaname Nohno
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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8
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Salivary Redox Biomarkers in the Course of Caries and Periodontal Disease. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10186240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Caries are a pathological process of extracorporeal nature, characterized by demineralization of inorganic substances as well as proteolysis triggered by acids produced by bacteria present in dental plaque, as a result of metabolism of sugars of both external and internal origin. Periodontal disease, on the other hand, is a multifactorial degenerative disease associated with inflammation, involving a group of tissues that surround the dental cervix and root of the tooth. It is believed that one of the mechanisms in the etiopathogenesis of caries and periodontitis are disorders of local and/or general oxidative stress (OS) parameters. Numerous clinical studies have confirmed the relationship between oxidative stress markers and oral diseases. In most analyzed studies, technical and biological variability was so high that none of the markers so far has proven suitable for routine clinical use. The aim of systematic reviews of the literature is to present the existing studies on OS parameters, mainly concerning the activity of antioxidant enzymes in saliva of patients with caries and periodontitis.
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9
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Effect of Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment on Oxidative Stress Markers in Leukocytes and Their Interaction with the Endothelium in Obese Subjects with Periodontitis: A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072117. [PMID: 32635585 PMCID: PMC7408850 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The primary objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment. The secondary aim was to evaluate the effect of dietary therapy on both parameters of oxidative stress in leukocytes and leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in an obese population. Methods: This was a pilot study with a before-and-after design. Forty-nine obese subjects with periodontitis were randomized by means of the minimization method and assigned to one of two groups, one of which underwent dietary therapy while the other did not. All the subjects underwent non-surgical periodontal treatment. We determined periodontal, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters—total reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide production, intracellular Ca2+, mitochondrial membrane potential and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. We also evaluated interactions between leukocytes and endothelium cells—velocity, rolling flux and adhesion—at baseline and 12 weeks after intervention. Results: Periodontal treatment improved the periodontal health of all the patients, with a reduction in serum retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), total superoxide production and cytosolic Ca2+ in leukocytes. In the patients undergoing dietary therapy, there were less leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium, an effect that was accompanied by a decrease in TNFα, P-selectin and total ROS and an increase in SOD activity. Conclusions: Whereas non-surgical periodontal treatment induces an improvement in leukocyte homeostasis, dietary therapy as an adjuvant reduces systemic inflammation and increases antioxidant status which, in turn, modulates leukocyte-endothelium dynamics.
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10
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Moonen CGJ, Buurma KGD, Faruque MRJ, Balta MG, Liefferink E, Bizzarro S, Nicu EA, Loos BG. Periodontal therapy increases neutrophil extracellular trap degradation. Innate Immun 2020; 26:331-340. [PMID: 31757174 PMCID: PMC7903525 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919889392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In periodontitis, polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) are activated. They entrap and eliminate pathogens by releasing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Abnormal NET degradation is part of a pro-inflammatory status, affecting co-morbidities such as cardiovascular disease. We aimed to investigate the ex vivo NET degradation capacity of plasma from periodontitis patients compared to controls (part 1) and to quantify NET degradation before and after periodontal therapy (part 2). Fresh NETs were obtained by stimulating blood-derived PMNs with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Plasma samples from untreated periodontitis patients and controls were incubated for 3 h onto freshly generated NETs (part 1). Similarly, for part 2, NET degradation was studied for 91 patients before and 3, 6 and 12 mo after non-surgical periodontal therapy with and without adjunctive systemic antibiotics. Finally, NET degradation was fluorospectrometrically quantified. NET degradation levels did not differ between periodontitis patients and controls, irrespective of subject-related background characteristics. NET degradation significantly increased from 65.6 ± 1.7% before periodontal treatment to 75.7 ± 1.2% at 3 mo post periodontal therapy, and this improvement was maintained at 6 and 12 mo, irrespective of systemic usage of antibiotics. Improved NET degradation after periodontitis treatment is another systemic biomarker reflecting a decreased pro-inflammatory status, which also contributes to an improved cardiovascular condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn GJ Moonen
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry
Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Kirsten GD Buurma
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry
Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Mouri RJ Faruque
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry
Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Maria G Balta
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry
Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Erol Liefferink
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry
Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Sergio Bizzarro
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry
Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Elena A Nicu
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry
Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
- CMI Dr. Opris M.I., Romania
| | - Bruno G Loos
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry
Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
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11
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Ustaoglu G, Erdal E, İnanır M. Does periodontitis affect mean platelet volume(MPV) and plateletcrit (PCT) levels in healthy adults? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 66:133-138. [PMID: 32428146 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.66.2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodontitis may stimulate infectious and immune response and cause the development of atherogenesis, coronary heart disease, and myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to compare the plateletcrit (PCT) and mean platelet volume (MPV) levels derived from complete blood count (CBC) tests in patients suffering from stage 3 periodontitis with those of healthy individuals without periodontal disease. METHODS The study included 57 patients (28 females and 29 males) with Stage 3 Periodontitis and 57 volunteering individuals (31 females and 26 males) who were periodontally healthy. The age of study participants ranged from 18 to 50 years. Their periodontal condition was investigated with probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, and plaque index. Leukocyte (WBC) and erythrocyte count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT) levels, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and red cell distribution width (RDW), thrombocyte count, mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT ), and neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were evaluated based on the CBC test results of the study participants. RESULTS PCT, WBC, Neutrophil, and MPV values were found to be significantly higher in the periodontitis group (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in RBC counts, Hb, HCT, MCV, RDW, and platelet and lymphocyte counts between the two study groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS PCT and MPV levels may be a more useful marker to determine an increased thrombotic state and inflammatory response in periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülbahar Ustaoglu
- . Assistant Prof. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Dentistry Faculty, Department of Periodontology, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Emrah Erdal
- . Specialist Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Mehmet İnanır
- . Specialist Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Bolu, Turkey
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Association between Periodontal Diseases and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051586. [PMID: 32456146 PMCID: PMC7290429 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A convergent association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and periodontal disease, in particular chronic periodontitis (CP), has recently been proposed. The underlying molecular mechanisms of this association are not fully understood, though it is thought that chronic inflammation is responsible. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between periodontal disease—gingivitis and CP—and PCOS. Materials and Methods: The PICO (Participants, Intervention, Control, and Outcomes) question was as follows: “Is there an association between PCOS and CP?” A systematic review of three databases—PubMed, Embase and Scopus—was performed following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Original studies in human cohorts carried out in the last 10 years and including a control group were eligible for inclusion. Letters to the editor, case reports, and reviews were not considered. Results: Ten articles met all the selection criteria and provided a positive answer to the PICO question. Our review of these articles revealed an association between CP and PCOS, since periodontal parameters were altered more frequently in patients with these conditions than in healthy young women. This altered periodontal response in PCOS was associated with a proinflammatory status that seemed to increase susceptibility to periodontal disease. Conclusion: Patients with PCOS appear to be more susceptible to developing periodontal diseases than women without the pathology.
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Isola G, Polizzi A, Santonocito S, Alibrandi A, Ferlito S. Expression of Salivary and Serum Malondialdehyde and Lipid Profile of Patients with Periodontitis and Coronary Heart Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6061. [PMID: 31805680 PMCID: PMC6928957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malondialdehyde (MAA) within a lipid pathway has been demonstrated to possess an important role in endothelial function that undergoes periodontitis and coronary heart disease (CHD) development. This study evaluated the impact of periodontitis, CHD, or a combination of both diseases (periodontitis + CHD) on salivary and serum MAA levels. The periodontal and clinical characteristics, serum, and saliva samples were collected from 32 healthy subjects, 34 patients with periodontitis, 33 patients with CHD, and 34 patients with periodontitis and CHD. Lipid profile and levels of MDA and C-reactive protein (CRP) were assessed. Patients in the periodontitis group (serum: 3.92 (3.7-4.4) µmol/L; salivary 1.81 (1-2.1) µmol/g protein, p < 0.01) and in the periodontitis + CHD (serum: 4.34 (3.7-4.8) µmol/L; salivary 1.96 (1.7-2.3) µmol/g protein, p < 0.001) group presented higher median concentrations of salivary and serum MAA compared to patients in the CHD (serum: 3.72 (3.5-4.1) µmol/L; salivary 1.59 (0.9-1.8) µmol/g protein, p < 0.01) and control group (serum: 3.14 (2.8-3.7) µmol/L; salivary 1.41 (0.8-1.6) µmol/g protein, p < 0.01). In univariate models, periodontitis (p = 0.034), CHD (p < 0.001), and CRP (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with MAA. In the multivariate model, only CRP remained a significant predictor of serum and salivary MAA (p < 0.001) MAA levels. Patients with periodontitis and with periodontitis + CHD presented higher levels of salivary and serum MAA compared to healthy subjects and CHD patients. CRP has been found to be a significant predictor of increased salivary and serum MAA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Santonocito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economical, Business and Environmental Sciences and Quantitative Methods, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Ferlito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
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