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Kiani M, Soleimani Mehranjani M, Ali Shariatzadeh M. Empagliflozin reduces the adverse effects of diabetes mellitus on testicular tissue in type 2 diabetic Rats: A stereological and biochemical study. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116135. [PMID: 38508421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Empagliflozin as an antioxidant decreases blood glucose and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Base on the empagliflozin antioxidant properties we decided to investigate the its effects on the testis histological changes through stereological techniques and biochemical evaluations in T2 diabetes mellitus rats. Rats were divided into: control, diabetes mellitus (DM, streptozotocin + nicotinamide) and diabetes mellitus + empagliflozin (DM + EMPA, 10 mg/kg/day) groups. 56 days after inducing diabetes mellitus testis histological changes and serum biochemical factors along with the level of Bax, Bcl2 and Nrf2 genes expression in the testicular tissue were assessed. A significant decrease in the mean total volume of testis and its components, the level of Bcl2 and Nrf2 gene expression (p < 0.001) along with a significant increase in the level of IL-6, TNF-α, MDA, Bax gene expression were observed in the DM group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). In the DM + EMPA group, the mean total volume of testis and its components, the level of Bcl2 gene expression (p< 0.01) and Nrf2 (p < 0.001) significantly increased whereas the mean level of IL-6 (p < 0.01), TNF-α (p < 0.001), MDA (p < 0.001), Bax (p < 0.001) gene expression significantly decreased compared to the DM group. Our results showed that empagliflozin, by improving the antioxidant defense system, can reduce testicular inflammation and apoptosis and partly prevent the adverse effects of diabetes mellitus on testicular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Kiani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak 3815688138, Iran
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Elsaeed MY, Mehanna OM, Abd-Allah EEE, Hassan MG, Ahmed WMS, Moustafa AEGA, Eldesoky GE, Hammad AM, Elgazzar UB, Elnady MR, Abd-Allah FM, Shipl WM, Younes AM, Magar MR, Amer AE, Abbas MAM, Elhamaky KSA, Hassan MHM. Combination Therapy with Enalapril and Paricalcitol Ameliorates Streptozotocin Diabetes-Induced Testicular Dysfunction in Rats via Mitigation of Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Oxidative Stress. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2023; 30:567-585. [PMID: 38133142 PMCID: PMC10747062 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology30040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the impacts of diabetes-induced reproductive damage are now evident in young people, we are now in urgent need to devise new ways to protect and enhance the reproductive health of diabetic people. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of enalapril (an ACE inhibitor) and paricalcitol (a vitamin D analog), individually or in combination, on streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetes-induced testicular dysfunction in rats and to identify the possible mechanisms for this protection. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study was carried out on 50 male Sprague-Dawley rats; 10 normal rats were allocated as a non-diabetic control group. A total of 40 rats developed diabetes after receiving a single dose of STZ; then, the diabetic rats were divided into four groups of equivalent numbers assigned as diabetic control, enalapril-treated, paricalcitol-treated, and combined enalapril-and-paricalcitol-treated groups. The effects of mono and combined therapy with paricalcitol and enalapril on testicular functions, sperm activity, glycemic state oxidative stress, and inflammatory parameters, as well as histopathological examinations, were assessed in comparison with the normal and diabetic control rats. RESULTS As a result of diabetes induction, epididymal sperm count, sperm motility, serum levels of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) as well as luteinizing hormone (LH), and the antioxidant enzyme activities, were significantly decreased, while abnormal sperm (%), insulin resistance, nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were significantly increased, along with severe distortion of the testicular structure. Interestingly, treatment with paricalcitol and enalapril, either alone or in combination, significantly improved the sperm parameters, increased antioxidant enzyme activities in addition to serum levels of testosterone, FSH, and LH, reduced insulin resistance, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, and finally ameliorated the diabetes-induced testicular oxidative stress and histopathological damage, with somewhat superior effect for paricalcitol monotherapy and combined therapy with both drugs compared to monotherapy with enalapril alone. CONCLUSIONS Monotherapy with paricalcitol and its combination therapy with enalapril has a somewhat superior effect in improving diabetes-induced testicular dysfunction (most probably as a result of their hypoglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties) compared with monotherapy with enalapril alone in male rats, recommending a synergistic impact of both drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdy Y. Elsaeed
- Department of Physiology, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta 34517, Egypt; (O.M.M.); (M.G.H.); (W.M.S.A.); (M.R.E.); (M.A.M.A.); (K.S.A.E.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, HORUS University, Damietta 34517, Egypt
| | - Osama Mahmoud Mehanna
- Department of Physiology, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta 34517, Egypt; (O.M.M.); (M.G.H.); (W.M.S.A.); (M.R.E.); (M.A.M.A.); (K.S.A.E.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, HORUS University, Damietta 34517, Egypt
| | - Ezz-Eldin E. Abd-Allah
- Department of Histology, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta 34517, Egypt; (E.-E.E.A.-A.); (A.E.G.A.M.); (F.M.A.-A.)
| | - Mohamed Gaber Hassan
- Department of Physiology, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta 34517, Egypt; (O.M.M.); (M.G.H.); (W.M.S.A.); (M.R.E.); (M.A.M.A.); (K.S.A.E.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, HORUS University, Damietta 34517, Egypt
| | - Walid Mostafa Said Ahmed
- Department of Physiology, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta 34517, Egypt; (O.M.M.); (M.G.H.); (W.M.S.A.); (M.R.E.); (M.A.M.A.); (K.S.A.E.)
| | - Abd El Ghany A. Moustafa
- Department of Histology, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta 34517, Egypt; (E.-E.E.A.-A.); (A.E.G.A.M.); (F.M.A.-A.)
| | - Gaber E. Eldesoky
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amal M. Hammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta 34517, Egypt; (A.M.H.); (U.B.E.)
| | - Usama Bahgat Elgazzar
- Department of Biochemistry, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta 34517, Egypt; (A.M.H.); (U.B.E.)
| | - Mohamed R. Elnady
- Department of Physiology, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta 34517, Egypt; (O.M.M.); (M.G.H.); (W.M.S.A.); (M.R.E.); (M.A.M.A.); (K.S.A.E.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, HORUS University, Damietta 34517, Egypt
| | - Fatma M. Abd-Allah
- Department of Histology, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta 34517, Egypt; (E.-E.E.A.-A.); (A.E.G.A.M.); (F.M.A.-A.)
| | - Walaa M. Shipl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11765, Egypt;
| | - Amr Mohamed Younes
- Department of Basic Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Applied Science Private University, Al-Arab Street, Amman 11196, Jordan;
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta 34517, Egypt; (A.E.A.); (M.H.M.H.)
| | - Mostafa Rizk Magar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan;
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta 34517, Egypt; (A.E.A.); (M.H.M.H.)
| | - Ahmed E. Amer
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta 34517, Egypt; (A.E.A.); (M.H.M.H.)
| | - Mohamed Ali Mahmoud Abbas
- Department of Physiology, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta 34517, Egypt; (O.M.M.); (M.G.H.); (W.M.S.A.); (M.R.E.); (M.A.M.A.); (K.S.A.E.)
- Department of Basic Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Applied Science Private University, Al-Arab Street, Amman 11196, Jordan;
| | - Khaled Saleh Ali Elhamaky
- Department of Physiology, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta 34517, Egypt; (O.M.M.); (M.G.H.); (W.M.S.A.); (M.R.E.); (M.A.M.A.); (K.S.A.E.)
| | - Mohammed Hussien Mohammed Hassan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta 34517, Egypt; (A.E.A.); (M.H.M.H.)
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Fathy MA, Alsemeh AE, Habib MA, Abdel-nour HM, Hendawy DM, Eltaweel AM, Abdelkhalek A, Ahmed MM, Desouky MK, Hua J, Fericean LM, Banatean-Dunea I, Arisha AH, Khamis T. Liraglutide ameliorates diabetic-induced testicular dysfunction in male rats: role of GLP-1/Kiss1/GnRH and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1224985. [PMID: 37497106 PMCID: PMC10367011 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1224985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Glucagon-like peptide -1 (GLP-1) is released by intestinal cells to stimulate glucose-dependent insulin release from the pancreas. GLP-1 has been linked to ameliorating obesity and/or diabetic complications as well as controlling reproductive function. Liraglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) with 97% homology with GLP-1. The main objective of this study was to investigate the ameliorative role of liraglutide in diabetic-induced reproductive dysfunction in male rats. Methods: Rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups; a control group, a diabetic group, and a liraglutide-treated diabetic group. Results: In the diabetic group, a significant increase in BMI, FBG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, TC, TAG, LDL, IL6, TNFα, and MDA, as well as decreased serum insulin, HDL, GSH, total testosterone, LH, and FSH, were shown compared to the control group. Furthermore, A significant downregulation in relative hypothalamic gene expression of GLP-1R, PPAR-α, PGC-1α, kiss, kiss1R, leptin, leptin R, GnRH GLP-1R, testicular PGC-1α, PPARα, kiss1, kiss1R, STAR, CYP17A1, HSD17B3, CYP19A, CYP11A1, and Smad7, as well as upregulation in hypothalamic GnIH and testicular TGF- β and Smad2 expression, were noticed compared to the control group. Liraglutide treatment significantly improved such functional and structural reproductive disturbance in diabetic rats. Conclusion: GLP-1RAs ameliorated the deleterious effects of diabetes on reproductive function by targeting GLP-1/leptin/kiss1/GnRH, steroidogenesis, and TGF- β/Smad pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Abdelhamid Fathy
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amira Ebrahim Alsemeh
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Marwa A. Habib
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hanim M. Abdel-nour
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Doaa M. Hendawy
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Monir Eltaweel
- Basic Medical Science Department of Anatomy and Embryology, College of Medicine-King Saud Abdulaziz, University for Health Sciences—Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Adel Abdelkhalek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Badr, Egypt
| | - Mona M. Ahmed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Maha K. Desouky
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liana Mihaela Fericean
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences, King Mihai I” from Timisoara [ULST], Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioan Banatean-Dunea
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences, King Mihai I” from Timisoara [ULST], Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ahmed Hamed Arisha
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Badr, Egypt
- Department of Physiology and Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Tarek Khamis
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Wu J, Atkins A, Downes M, Wei Z. Vitamin D in Diabetes: Uncovering the Sunshine Hormone's Role in Glucose Metabolism and Beyond. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081997. [PMID: 37111216 PMCID: PMC10142687 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, epidemiology and functional studies have started to reveal a pivotal role of vitamin D in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. Acting through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), vitamin D regulates insulin secretion in pancreatic islets and insulin sensitivity in multiple peripheral metabolic organs. In vitro studies and both T1D and T2D animal models showed that vitamin D can improve glucose homeostasis by enhancing insulin secretion, reducing inflammation, reducing autoimmunity, preserving beta cell mass, and sensitizing insulin action. Conversely, vitamin D deficiency has been shown relevant in increasing T1D and T2D incidence. While clinical trials testing the hypothesis that vitamin D improves glycemia in T2D have shown conflicting results, subgroup and meta-analyses support the idea that raising serum vitamin D levels may reduce the progression from prediabetes to T2D. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of vitamin D in insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and immunity, as well as the observational and interventional human studies investigating the use of vitamin D as a treatment for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Annette Atkins
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zong Wei
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
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Linagliptin and Vitamin D3 Synergistically Rescue Testicular Steroidogenesis and Spermatogenesis in Cisplatin-Exposed Rats: The Crosstalk of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress with NF-κB/iNOS Activation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217299. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the therapeutic effect of linagliptin and/or vitamin D3 on testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in cisplatin-exposed rats including their impact on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and NF-κB/iNOS crosstalk. Cisplatin (7 mg/kg, IP) was injected into adult male albino rats which then were orally treated with drug vehicle, linagliptin (3 mg/kg/day), vitamin D3 (10 μg/kg/day) or both drugs for four weeks. Age-matched rats were used as the control group. Serum samples and testes were collected for further analyses. Cisplatin induced testicular weight loss, deteriorated testicular architecture, loss of germ cells and declined serum and intra-testicular testosterone levels, compared to the control group. There was down-regulation of steroidogenic markers including StAR, CYP11A1, HSD3b and HSD17b in cisplatin-exposed rats, compared with controls. Cisplatin-exposed rats showed up-regulation of ER stress markers in testicular tissue along with increased expression of NF-κB and iNOS in spermatogenic and Leydig cells. These perturbations were almost reversed by vitamin D3 or linagliptin. The combined therapy exerted a more remarkable effect on testicular dysfunction than either monotherapy. These findings suggest a novel therapeutic application for linagliptin combined with vitamin D3 to restore testicular architecture, aberrant steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis after cisplatin exposure. These effects may be attributed to suppression of ER stress and NF-kB/iNOS.
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Association between functional genetic variants in retinoid X receptor-α/γ and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in a southern Chinese population. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229913. [PMID: 34633445 PMCID: PMC8529336 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the effect of retinoid X receptor-α/γ (RXR-α/γ) genes functional genetic variants (RXR-α rs4842194 G>A, RXR-γ rs100537 A>G and rs2134095 T>C) on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a case–control study with 573 GDM patients and 740 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance was performed in Guangxi area of China. An odds ratio (OR) with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the strengths of the association between genetic variation and GDM. After adjustment of age and pre-BMI, the logistic regression analysis showed that the rs2134095 was significantly associated with GDM risk (CC vs. TT/TC: adjusted OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.56–0.90) in all subjects, and this result remained highly significant after Bonferroni’s correction for multiple testing (P=0.004). The stratified analysis showed that rs2134095 was significantly associated with the risk of GDM among age > 30 years (adjusted OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.39–0.97), BMI > 22 kg/m2 (adjusted OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.30–0.70), systolic blood pressure (SBP) > 120 mmHg (adjusted OR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.14–3.36), glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) < 6.5% (adjusted OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.11–1.78), TG ≤ 1.7 mmol/l (adjusted OR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.45–4.53), TC ≤ 5.18 mmol/l (adjusted OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.13–2.22), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) ≤ 1.5 mmol/l (adjusted OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.16–2.49) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) > 3.12 mmol/l (adjusted OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.08–2.00) subjects, under the recessive genetic model. We also found that rs2134095 interacted with age (Pinteraction=0.039), pre-BMI (Pinteraction=0.040) and TG (Pinteraction=0.025) influencing individual’s genetic susceptibility to GDM. The rs2134095 T>C is significantly associated with the risk of GDM by effect of a single locus and/or complex joint gene–gene and gene–environment interactions. Larger sample-size and different population studies are required to confirm the findings.
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Li W, Jin L, Cui Y, Nie A, Xie N, Liang G. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-induced exosomal microRNA-486-3p protects against diabetic retinopathy through TLR4/NF-κB axis repression. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1193-1207. [PMID: 32979189 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01405-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a chronic disease causing health and economic burdens on individuals and society. Thus, this study is conducted to figure out the mechanisms of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)-induced exosomal microRNA-486-3p (miR-486-3p) in DR. METHODS The putative miR-486-3p binding sites to 3'untranslated region of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was verified by luciferase reporter assay. High glucose (HG)-treated Muller cells were transfected with miR-486-3p or TLR4-related oligonucleotides and plasmids to explore theirs functions in DR. Additionally, HG-treated Muller cells were co-cultured with BMSC-derived exosomes, exosomes collected from BMSCs that had been transfected with miR-486-3p or TLR4-related oligonucleotides and plasmids to explore their functions in DR. MiR-486-3p, TLR4 and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) expression, angiogenesis-related factors, oxidative stress factors, viability and apoptosis in HG-treated Muller cells were detected by RT-qPCR, western blot analysis, ELISA, MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS MiR-486-3p was poorly expressed while TLR4 and NF-κB were highly expressed in HG-treated Muller cells. TLR4 was a target of miR-486-3p. Upregulating miR-486-3p or down-regulating TLR4 inhibited oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, and promoted proliferation of HG-treated Muller cells. Meanwhile, BMSC-derived exosomes inhibited oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, and promoted proliferation of HG-treated Muller cells. Restoring miR-486-3p further enhanced, while up-regulating TLR4 reversed, the improvement of exosomes treatment. CONCLUSION Our study highlights that up-regulation of miR-486-3p induced by BMSC-derived exosomes played a protective role in DR mice via TLR4/NF-κB axis repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, 1017 Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - L Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, 1017 Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Y Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, 1017 Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - A Nie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, 1017 Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - N Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, 1017 Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.
| | - G Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 53300, Guangxi, China.
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Yu S, Han B, Bai X, Liu S, Xing X, Zhao D, Liu M, Wang S. The cold-soaking extract of Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) protects against erectile dysfunction by ameliorating testicular function in hydrocortisone-induced KDS-Yang rats and in oxidatively damaged TM3 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 263:113223. [PMID: 32791294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Clinical applications and pharmacological research suggest that Dioscorea opposita Thunb. (Chinese yam), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine which has been used for more than 2000 years to nourish kidney-yang and protect the male reproductive system, might be efficacious for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the active component extract of Chinese yam, determine its effectiveness in hydrocortisone-induced "kidney-yang deficiency syndrome" (KDS-Yang) rats and in oxidatively damaged TM3 cells and explore the underlying mechanism on restoring erectile function. MATERIALS AND METHODS We clarified the Chinese yam cold-soaking extract (CYCSE) as the main active extract of Chinese yam by a CCK8 assay and further identified its composition. The KDS-Yang rats were induced by intragastric administration of hydrocortisone. After 10 d of CYCSE intervention, cavernous and testis morphology were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), testosterone, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Leydig cells were performed using immunohistochemistry. Reactive oxygen species were measured using a DCFH-DA fluorescent probe, and testicular collagenous fibers were stained with a Masson kit. Detection of testicular apoptosis was performed by a TUNEL assay. Nrf2 and NQO1 mRNA expression levels were measured by qRT-PCR. The protein expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, TGF-β1 and SMAD2/3 were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS We demonstrated in KDS-Yang rats and oxidatively damaged TM3 cells that CYCSE successfully restored erectile function through ameliorating testicular function. Our data suggested that CYCSE can stimulate the NO/cGMP pathway and restore the cavernous morphology to protect against KDS-Yang-induced ED. It also protected testis morphology, increased Leydig cell proliferation and stimulated testosterone secretion. In the damaged testes, excessive increases in 8-OHdG and inhibition of SOD activity were ameliorated, and the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway was enhanced after treatment with CYCSE, indicating that the antioxidant defense system was activated. These findings were also validated in vitro. Additionally, fibrosis of the testes and TM3 cells was reversed by CYCSE through the TGF-β1/SMAD2/3 pathway. CONCLUSION CYCSE has a therapeutic effect on KDS-Yang-induced ED, and the mechanism includes stimulation of testosterone secretion, resistance to oxidative stress and prevention of fibrosis. These findings provide a new scientific verification for the application of Chinese yam in the treatment of KDS-Yang-induced ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiting Yu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130117, China.
| | - Bing Han
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130117, China.
| | - Xueyuan Bai
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130117, China.
| | - Shichao Liu
- Academic Affairs Office, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130117, China.
| | - Xin Xing
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130117, China.
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130117, China.
| | - Meichen Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130117, China.
| | - Siming Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130117, China.
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9
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Zamani A, Saki F, Hatami N, Koohpeyma F. Stereological assessment of the effects of vitamin D deficiency on the rat testis. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:162. [PMID: 33121469 PMCID: PMC7596983 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-00642-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that low vitamin D status may affect male gonadal structure. This study was undertaken to reveal whether vitamin D-deficient rats have demonstrable changes in the quantitative histomorphometric properties of the testis. METHODS In the present investigation, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups and received: group 1) conventional diet; group 2) vitamin D-deficient diet; group 3) vitamin D-deficient diet and paricalcitol and group 4) conventional diet plus paricalcitol. After 3 months, serum levels of vitamin D metabolites, Ca, P, LH, FSH, testosterone, and epididymal sperm quality were evaluated. Moreover, the morphometric characteristics of testis were assessed via stereological methods. RESULTS Rats fed a vitamin D-deficient diet (groups 2 and 3) were normocalcemic and had 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level below 10 ng/mL. A significant reduction in serum testosterone and comparable gonadotropin levels were seen in vitamin D-deficient groups compared to controls. The concentration, morphology, and motility of sperm cells were profoundly disturbed in animals raised on the vitamin D-deficient diet. There was a significant decline in the population of different germ cells, the volume of interstitial tissue and germinal epithelium in group 2 and 3 rats, which were placed on the vitamin D-deficient diet. No appreciable difference in the estimates of the Leydig or Sertoli cell numbers were observed between groups. CONCLUSIONS The depletion of vitamin D stores and induction of moderate grades of vitamin D deficiency by dietary measures led to remarkable impairment of spermatogenesis and microscopic architecture of rat testis. These findings can be attributed, at least in part, to decreased androgen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zamani
- Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Nemazee Hospital, Zand Avenue, Shiraz, 7193635899, Iran
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Forough Saki
- Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Nemazee Hospital, Zand Avenue, Shiraz, 7193635899, Iran.
| | - Neda Hatami
- Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Nemazee Hospital, Zand Avenue, Shiraz, 7193635899, Iran
| | - Farhad Koohpeyma
- Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Nemazee Hospital, Zand Avenue, Shiraz, 7193635899, Iran.
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10
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The molecular mechanisms by which vitamin D improve glucose homeostasis: A mechanistic review. Life Sci 2020; 244:117305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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De Toni L, De Rocco Ponce M, Petre GC, Rtibi K, Di Nisio A, Foresta C. Bisphenols and Male Reproductive Health: From Toxicological Models to Therapeutic Hypotheses. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:301. [PMID: 32582021 PMCID: PMC7287019 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenols, and in particular bisphenol A (BPA), have been widely used for the production of plastic manufacts in the last 50 years. Currently, BPA is present in a variety of daily use polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, and dietary ingestion is considered the main route of human exposure. Accordingly, BPA is the chemical pollutant with the widest exposure in humans, involving nearly 90% of general population, according to recent studies. Concerns about BPA effects on human health date back to 1930s, when severe impact on male sexual development was suggested. Now, the acknowledged biological effects of BPA are various. In regard to human fertility, BPA has been shown to disrupt hormone signaling even at low concentrations. Results from human epidemiological studies have reported BPA interference with follicle stimulating hormone, inhibin B, estradiol, testosterone levels, and sexual function in male subjects. Moreover, recent studies have reported an association between BPA levels and reduced sperm concentration, motility, normal morphology, sperm DNA damage, and altered epigenetic pattern, resulting in trans-generational legacy of BPA effects. In this review, the recognized effects of BPA on male reproductive health are described, from the most recent issues on experimental models to epidemiological data. In addition, the very recent interest about the use of nutraceutical remedies to counteract BPA effects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca De Toni
- Department of Medicine and Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Gabriel Cosmin Petre
- Department of Medicine and Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Kais Rtibi
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bioresources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Andrea Di Nisio
- Department of Medicine and Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Foresta
- Department of Medicine and Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Carlo Foresta
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12
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He Y, Liu Y, Wang QZ, Guo F, Huang F, Ji L, An T, Qin G. Vitamin D 3 Activates Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B via Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 to Improve Testicular Function in Diabetic Rats. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:7894950. [PMID: 31281852 PMCID: PMC6589201 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7894950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In diabetes mellitus, vitamin D3 deficiency affects sex hormone levels and male fertility; however, the mechanism leading to the disorder is unclear. This research was designed to investigate the mechanism of vitamin D3 deficiency and hypogonadism in diabetic rats. Our aim was to assess serum vitamin D3 levels and the relationship among vitamin D3, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and testicular function. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were randomly divided into four groups and treated with different doses of vitamin D3: no vitamin D3, low (0.025 μg/kg/day), high (0.1 μg/kg/day), and high (0.1 μg/kg/day) with JB-1 (the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor inhibitor group, 100 μg/kg/day). The groups were compared with wild-type rats, which function as the control group. Various parameters such as vitamin D3 and IGF-1 were compared between the experimental and wild-type groups, and their correlations were determined. RESULTS Twelve weeks of vitamin D3 supplementation improved the testosterone levels, as shown by the increase in the level of serum IGF-1 in diabetic rats. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), which was a downstream of the signaling pathway of IGF-1, was significantly increased after vitamin D3 treatment. CONCLUSIONS The study shows that vitamin D3 may promote the expression of testosterone and improve testicular function in diabetic rats by activating PI3K/AKT via IGF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan He
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Qing-Zhu Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Fengjuan Huang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Linlin Ji
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Tingting An
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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