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Hung SC, Chang LW, Hsiao TH, Lin GC, Wang SS, Li JR, Chen IC. Polygenic risk score predicting susceptibility and outcome of benign prostatic hyperplasia in the Han Chinese. Hum Genomics 2024; 18:49. [PMID: 38778357 PMCID: PMC11110300 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00619-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the high prevalence of BPH among elderly men, pinpointing those at elevated risk can aid in early intervention and effective management. This study aimed to explore that polygenic risk score (PRS) is effective in predicting benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) incidence, prognosis and risk of operation in Han Chinese. METHODS A retrospective cohort study included 12,474 male participants (6,237 with BPH and 6,237 non-BPH controls) from the Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI). Genotyping was performed using the Affymetrix Genome-Wide TWB 2.0 SNP Array. PRS was calculated using PGS001865, comprising 1,712 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Logistic regression models assessed the association between PRS and BPH incidence, adjusting for age and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. The study also examined the relationship between PSA, prostate volume, and response to 5-α-reductase inhibitor (5ARI) treatment, as well as the association between PRS and the risk of TURP. RESULTS Individuals in the highest PRS quartile (Q4) had a significantly higher risk of BPH compared to the lowest quartile (Q1) (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.274-1.783, p < 0.0001), after adjusting for PSA level. The Q4 group exhibited larger prostate volumes and a smaller volume reduction after 5ARI treatment. The Q1 group had a lower cumulative TURP probability at 3, 5, and 10 years compared to the Q4 group. PRS Q4 was an independent risk factor for TURP. CONCLUSIONS In this Han Chinese cohort, higher PRS was associated with an increased susceptibility to BPH, larger prostate volumes, poorer response to 5ARI treatment, and a higher risk of TURP. Larger prospective studies with longer follow-up are warranted to further validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chun Hung
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Chang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hung Hsiao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Cheng Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Shiang Wang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ri Li
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine and Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Chieh Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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2
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Thai DA, Park SK, Lee NY. A paper-embedded thermoplastic microdevice integrating additive-enhanced allele-specific amplification and silver nanoparticle-based colorimetric detection for point-of-care testing. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:5081-5091. [PMID: 37929914 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00739a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
This study introduces a thermoplastic microdevice integrated with additive-enhanced allele-specific amplification and hydrazine-induced silver nanoparticle-based detection of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and opportunistic pathogens. For point-of-care testing of SNP, an allele-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification reaction using nucleotide-mismatched primers and molecular additives was evaluated to discriminate single-nucleotide differences in the samples. The microdevice consists of purification and reaction units that enable DNA purification, amplification, and detection in a sequential manner. The purification unit enables the silica-based preparation of samples using an embedded glass fiber membrane. Hydrazine-induced silver nanoparticle formation was employed for endpoint colorimetric detection of amplicons within three min at room temperature. The versatile applicability of the microdevice was demonstrated by the successful identification of SNPs related to sickle cell anemia, genetically-induced hair loss, and Enterococcus faecium. The microdevice exhibited a detection limit of 103 copies per μL of SNP targets in serum and 102 CFU mL-1 of Enterococcus faecium in tap water within 70 min. The proposed microdevice is a promising and versatile platform for point-of-care nucleic acid testing of different samples in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Anh Thai
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Korea.
| | - Seung Kyun Park
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Korea.
| | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Korea.
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3
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Thai DA, Lee NY. A point-of-care platform for hair loss-related single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1283:341973. [PMID: 37977768 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Rapid genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is crucial for prognostics and disease management, enabling more rapid therapy selection and treatment determination. Here, we introduce a point-of-care platform for hair loss-related SNP genotyping based on allele-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (AS-LAMP) combined with naked-eye visualization. The specificity of the AS-LAMP assay was significantly enhanced by using mismatched allele-specific primers. AS-LAMP reaction and Schiff's reagent-based colorimetric detection were successfully performed using a thermoplastic genotyping chip. This strategy also showed potential for determining homozygotes and heterozygotes in a target sample. To assess SNP genotyping capacity, the genotyping chip was fabricated to visually detect rs6152 polymorphism of an androgen receptor gene associated with genetically induced hair loss. The genotyping platform rapidly identified the SNP within 40 min, and the detection limit was as low as 1 pg/μL of the target DNA contained in human serum. The introduced strategy showed high specificity and stability in discriminating low-abundance mutations, making it suitable as a portable and affordable point-of-care platform for rapid and accurate SNP discrimination applicable for bedside detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Anh Thai
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, South Korea
| | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, South Korea.
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4
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Chen WC, Hsu WL, Chen JYF, Shih NH, Wu CY. Second-to-fourth digit ratio and age predicting the severity of androgenetic alopecia: a cross-sectional study. Aging Male 2022; 25:242-248. [PMID: 36628519 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2022.2119954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common type of hair loss. Previous studies indicated that the relative length of the index and ring finger (2D:4D ratio) of AGA patients was lower than control. However, the correlation between 2D:4D ratio and disease severity is unclear. In this study, we sought to evaluate the relationship between digit ratio of the right hand and AGA severity in male patients.Materials and methods: The cross-sectional study was performed. Hamilton-Norwood scale was used to assess severity. The finger lengths of the right hand were measured using a digital caliper.Results: Our study found that the lower the right-handed 2D:4D ratio, the greater the risk of developing AGA and that the severity of AGA increases with age. Patients with moderate and severe AGA (grade 3 and above) had lower 2D:4D ratios and higher average age compared with patients with mild AGA (Norwood grade 2). Patients aged ≥37.5 with a 2D:4D ratio <0.947 were six times more likely to have moderate-to-severe androgenetic alopecia compared with the reference group (OR: 6.11; 95% CI: 1.96-19.04).Conclusions: Combining 2D:4D ratio and older age may help predict the severity risk of AGA, and offer a clinically accessible, non-invasive approach for patients to easily predict their future severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chiao Chen
- College of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Li Hsu
- College of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jeff Yi-Fu Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Hua Shih
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ying Wu
- College of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Comorbidities in Androgenetic Alopecia: A Comprehensive Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2022; 12:2233-2247. [PMID: 36115913 PMCID: PMC9483356 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-022-00799-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia is the most common form of hair loss, affecting 85% of men and 40% of women. Androgenetic alopecia is a disease caused by multiple factors, such as genetics, hormones, and systemic diseases; however, the exact cause remains undetermined. Recent studies have found that it is associated with a high incidence of endocrine diseases and other comorbidities. It may not only be a skin disease but also an early signal of underlying systemic diseases. Effective management requires timely diagnosis and treatment initiation. However, in current clinical practice, androgenetic alopecia is still not fully understood or treated. Recognizing the true physical, social, and emotional burden of androgenic alopecia, as well as its associated comorbidities, is the first step in improving the prognosis of affected patients. This review aimed to gather the known pathological factors and provide a reference for clinical physicians to understand androgenetic alopecia and its comorbidities in depth, thereby enabling early recognition of the underlying systemic diseases and providing timely treatment.
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Adiba M, Das T, Paul A, Das A, Chakraborty S, Hosen MI, Nabi AN. In silico characterization of coding and non-coding SNPs of the androgen receptor gene. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2021.100556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Cannarella R, Condorelli RA, Barbagallo F, La Vignera S, Calogero AE. Endocrinology of the Aging Prostate: Current Concepts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:554078. [PMID: 33692752 PMCID: PMC7939072 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.554078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), one of the most common diseases in older men, adversely affects quality-of-life due to the presence of low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Numerous data support the presence of an association between BPH-related LUTS (BPH-LUTS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Whether hormonal changes occurring in MetS play a role in the pathogenesis of BPH-LUTS is a debated issue. Therefore, this article aimed to systematically review the impact of hormonal changes that occur during aging on the prostate, including the role of sex hormones, insulin-like growth factor 1, thyroid hormones, and insulin. The possible explanatory mechanisms of the association between BPH-LUTS and MetS are also discussed. In particular, the presence of a male polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)-equivalent may represent a possible hypothesis to support this link. Male PCOS-equivalent has been defined as an endocrine syndrome with a metabolic background, which predisposes to the development of type II diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, prostate cancer, BPH and prostatitis in old age. Its early identification would help prevent the onset of these long-term complications.
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8
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Huskova Z, Knillova J, Kolar Z, Vrbkova J, Kral M, Bouchal J. The Percentage of Free PSA and Urinary Markers Distinguish Prostate Cancer from Benign Hyperplasia and Contribute to a More Accurate Indication for Prostate Biopsy. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8060173. [PMID: 32630458 PMCID: PMC7344460 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8060173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The main advantage of urinary biomarkers is their noninvasive character and the ability to detect multifocal prostate cancer (CaP). We have previously implemented a quadruplex assay of urinary markers into clinical practice (PCA3, AMACR, TRPM8 and MSMB with KLK3 normalization). In this study, we aimed to validate it in a larger cohort with serum PSA 2.5-10 ng/mL and test other selected transcripts and clinical parameters, including the percentage of free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (% free PSA) and inflammation. In the main cohort of 299 men, we tested the quadruplex transcripts. In a subset of 146 men, we analyzed additional transcripts (CD45, EPCAM, EZH2, Ki67, PA2G4, PSGR, RHOA and TBP). After a prostate massage, the urine was collected, RNA isolated from a cell sediment and qRT-PCR performed. Ct values of KLK3 (i.e., PSA) were strongly correlated with Ct values of other genes which play a role in CaP (i.e., PCA3, AMACR, TRPM8, MSMB and PSGR). AMACR, PCA3, TRPM8 and EZH2 mRNA expression, as well as % free PSA, were significantly different for BPH and CaP. The best combined model (% free PSA plus PCA3 and AMACR) achieved an AUC of 0.728 in the main cohort. In the subset of patients, the best AUC 0.753 was achieved for the combination of PCA3, % free PSA, EPCAM and PSGR. PCA3 mRNA was increased in patients with inflammation, however, this did not affect the stratification of patients indicated for prostate biopsy. In conclusion, the percentage of free PSA and urinary markers contribute to a more accurate indication for prostate biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlata Huskova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Z.H.); (J.K.); (Z.K.)
| | - Jana Knillova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Z.H.); (J.K.); (Z.K.)
| | - Zdenek Kolar
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Z.H.); (J.K.); (Z.K.)
| | - Jana Vrbkova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Milan Kral
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Jan Bouchal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Z.H.); (J.K.); (Z.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (J.B.)
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9
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Khan S, Caldwell J, Wilson KM, Gonzalez-Feliciano AG, Peisch S, Pernar CH, Graff RE, Giovannucci EL, Mucci LA, Gerke TA, Markt SC. Baldness and Risk of Prostate Cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1229-1236. [PMID: 32277004 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between male pattern baldness and prostate cancer has been inconsistent. We prospectively investigated the association between baldness at age 45 and prostate cancer risk in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), focusing on clinical and molecular markers. METHODS Baldness was self-reported on the 1992 questionnaire using the modified Norwood-Hamilton scale prior to diagnosis. We estimated HRs between baldness and prostate cancer risk among 36,760 men, with follow-up through 2014. We also investigated whether baldness was associated with prostate cancer defined by tumor protein expression of androgen receptor and the presence of the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion. RESULTS During 22 years, 5,157 prostate cancer cases were identified. Fifty-six percent of the men had either frontal or vertex baldness. No significant associations were found between baldness and prostate cancer risk. Among men younger than 60 years, there was a statistically significant association between frontal and severe vertex baldness and overall prostate cancer (HR: 1.74; 95% confidence interval: 1.23-2.48). Baldness was not significantly associated with expression of molecular subtypes defined by AR and TMPRSS2:ERG IHC of prostate tumors. CONCLUSIONS This study showed no association between baldness at age 45 and prostate cancer risk, overall or for clinical or molecular markers. The association between baldness and overall prostate cancer among younger men is intriguing, but caution is warranted when interpreting this finding. IMPACT The null findings from this large cohort study, together with previous literature's inconclusive findings across baldness patterns, suggest that baldness is not a consistent biomarker for prostate cancer risk or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saud Khan
- Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Sindh, Pakistan
| | | | - Kathryn M Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Samuel Peisch
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Claire H Pernar
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca E Graff
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Sarah C Markt
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
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10
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Androgen modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in androgenetic alopecia. Arch Dermatol Res 2018; 310:391-399. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-1826-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Su XJ, Zeng XT, Fang C, Liu TZ, Wang XH. Genetic association between PSA-158G/A polymorphism and the susceptibility of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:33953-33960. [PMID: 28430620 PMCID: PMC5464925 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inconsistency between reported findings on the association of prostate specific antigen (PSA) gene -158G/A polymorphism with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) susceptibility need a meta-analysis to obtain a more accurate conclusion. A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases for the collection of eligible studies on PSA -158G/A polymorphism and BPH susceptibility. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were then calculated. 7 case-control studies with 758 cases and 752 controls were included into the present meta-analysis. The analysis results showed no significant relationship between PSA -158G/A polymorphism and BPH susceptibility in total analysis. Interestingly, after subgroup analyses based on ethnicity and source of control, the polymorphism reduced the susceptibility of BPH in Caucasian group (AA vs. GG: OR=0.47, 95% CI=0.25-0.89; allele A vs. allele G: OR=0.68, 95% CI=0.49-0.93), but it increased the disease susceptibility in Asian (AA vs. GG: OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.02-2.60; allele A vs. allele G: OR=1.37, 95% CI=1.03-1.83) and population-based (AA vs. GG: OR=2.39, 95% CI=1.07-5.38; allele A vs. allele G: OR=1.83, 95% CI=1.26-2.65) groups. PSA-158G/A polymorphism may be an inhibitor to the incidence of BPH in Caucasians, but it is likely to be a susceptible factor in Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jun Su
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian-Tao Zeng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, The Second Clinical College, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong-Zu Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing-Huan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, The Second Clinical College, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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12
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Cannarella R, Condorelli RA, Mongioì LM, La Vignera S, Calogero AE. Does a male polycystic ovarian syndrome equivalent exist? J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:49-57. [PMID: 28711970 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of a genetic background in the etiology of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) represents the rational basis to postulate the existence of a male PCOS equivalent. Hormonal and metabolic abnormalities have been described in male relatives of women with PCOS. These males also have a higher prevalence of early onset (<35 years) androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Hence, this feature has been proposed as a clinical sign of the male PCOS equivalent. Clinical evidence has shown that men with early onset AGA have hormonal and metabolic abnormalities. Large cohort studies have clearly shown a higher prevalence of type II diabetes mellitus (DM II) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in elderly men with early onset AGA. In addition, prostate cancer, benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatitis have been described. These findings support the existence of the male PCOS equivalent, which may represent an endocrine syndrome with a metabolic background, and might predispose to the development of DM II, CVDs, prostate cancer, BPH and prostatitis later in life. Its acknowledgment would be helpful for the prevention of these long-term complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico "G. Rodolico", via S. Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - R A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico "G. Rodolico", via S. Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - L M Mongioì
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico "G. Rodolico", via S. Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - S La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico "G. Rodolico", via S. Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - A E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico "G. Rodolico", via S. Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy.
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13
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Bilgic Ö, Altınyazar HC, Eryılmaz D, Tuğrul ZA. Are 2D:4D finger-length ratios an indicator of androgenetic alopecia in males? An Bras Dermatol 2017; 91:156-9. [PMID: 27192513 PMCID: PMC4861561 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20164622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the pathogenesis of androgenetic alopecia is not completely
understood, the roles of genetic susceptibility and androgens are
well-known. A lower ratio of the second digit (index finger = 2D) to the
fourth digit (ring finger = 4D) length has been hypothesized to reflect
prenatal androgen exposure and/or higher sensitivity to androgens. OBJECTIVES To determine the relationship between the second to fourth digit length ratio
and androgenetic alopecia. METHODS Finger length measurements were made by a digital vernier calliper.
Androgenetic alopecia severity was assessed using the Hamilton-Norwood
scale. Subjects with an androgenetic alopecia score of grade III or more
were included in the study. RESULTS A total of 189 males with androgenetic alopecia and 171 healthy controls were
enrolled in the study. The age range of participants was 19-65 years. The
2D:4D ratios in patients with androgenetic alopecia were significantly lower
than those of healthy controls for the right hand; however, no significant
difference was found for the left hand. Average 2D:4D ratios in androgenetic
alopecia patients were also lower than in controls. No significant
relationship was observed between androgenetic alopecia severity and 2D:4D
ratios. CONCLUSION Our data support the anatomical evidence of in utero androgen exposure and/or
an individual’s sensitivity to androgens in patients with androgenetic
alopecia. Furthermore, the right hand 2D:4D ratio might be an indicator of
androgenetic alopecia development.
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Chakrabarty S, Hariharan R, Gowda D, Suresh H. Association of premature androgenetic alopecia and metabolic syndrome in a young Indian population. Int J Trichology 2014; 6:50-3. [PMID: 25191037 PMCID: PMC4154150 DOI: 10.4103/0974-7753.138586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Although evidences for association of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) are accruing, inconclusiveness with respect to the gender specificity and differential association of MetS with increasing severity of AGA continues to persist. Furthermore, data specific to Indian settings are relatively sparse. Aims: The present study aimed at assessing the frequency of MetS in individuals with early AGA in Indian settings. Settings and Design: A case-control study was conducted at a trichology clinic in Bengaluru between April 2012 and September 2012 with a total of 85 cases of AGA and 85 age-matched controls. Materials and Methods: The Norwood-Hamilton classification was used to assess the grade of AGA. MetS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Blood pressure, blood glucose, lipid parameters, and body mass index along with anthropometric measurements were assessed in all study participants. Statistical Analysis Used: Chi-square test was used to compare proportions between groups. Means were compared between groups using Student's t-test. Results: MetS was seen in a higher proportion of patients with AGA (43.5%) as compared to the control group (2.4%) and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001). As compared to controls, patients with AGA had higher triglycerides (P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (P < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.001) along with significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P < 0.001). Severity of AGA was not associated with MetS. Conclusions: AGA is associated with MetS in male Indian patients aged <30 years. Studies with large sample sizes may be required to conclusively define any putative associations between AGA grades and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chakrabarty
- Hairline International Hair Clinic, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - R Hariharan
- Department of Observational, Research Clinibyte Health Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Dg Gowda
- Hairline International Hair Clinic, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Hemalini Suresh
- Hairline International Hair Clinic, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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