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Mezhzherin SV, Morozov-Leonov SY, Rostovska OV. Nuclear gene introgressions in hybrid populations of water frog Pelophylax esculentus complex: geographical analysis of the phenomenon and its interpretation. Genetica 2024; 152:31-42. [PMID: 38361120 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-024-00203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Reproduction of water frog hybrids Pelophylax esculentus (Pelophylax ridibundus x Pelophylax lessonae) is associated with hemiclonal reproduction and backcrossing. The hemiclonal mode of reproduction occurs within P. esculentus allodiploids. In this case, the unrecombined genome of one parental species is transmitted to the offspring after premeiotic elimination of the chromosome set of the second parental species. Usually, the chromosome set of P. lessonae is eliminated, and the altered genome of P. ridibundus is passed on to the progeny. The hemiclonal inheritance within diploid Pelophylax esculentus hybrids may be accompanied by certain aberrations of premeiotic elimination. As a result, the formation of P. ridibundus specimens with introgressions of the P. lessonae genetic material, or the formation of recombinant hybrids occurs, depending on which of the parental species backcrossing takes place. The aim of our study is to describe the aberration of premeiotic elimination within the water frog P. esculentus complex detected by the nuclear gene Ldh-B inheritance, with an attempt to find out the causes of this phenomenon. It has been established that aberrations of premeiotic elimination are widespread, but only within populations of water frog from the river system of Upper Dnieper within Ukraine. The highest level of introgression takes place in the water frog populations within Kiev metropolis under conditions of expressed anthropogenization, while the maximum frequency of recombinants was detected within populations from the basin of Desna River, that has preserved native ecosystems. It was demonstrated that the frequency of premeiotic aberrations does not correlate with the intensity of interspecific water frog hybridization. Populations with introgressions are more common than populations with recombinants, however, within the latter, the frequency of recombination events is higher. The primary factor of gametogenesis aberrations, most likely, is the genetic characteristics of the local populations of parental species, since unambiguous explanations of this phenomenon based on the action of environmental stress (pollution of water systems) are not obvious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Mezhzherin
- Department of Evolutionary Genetic and Fundamentals of Systematics, I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, B. Khmel'nitskogo Str., Kiev-30, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Svyatoslav Yu Morozov-Leonov
- Department of Evolutionary Genetic and Fundamentals of Systematics, I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, B. Khmel'nitskogo Str., Kiev-30, 01601, Ukraine.
| | - Olga V Rostovska
- Department of Evolutionary Genetic and Fundamentals of Systematics, I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, B. Khmel'nitskogo Str., Kiev-30, 01601, Ukraine
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2
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Dedukh D, Maslova A, Al-Rikabi A, Padutsch N, Liehr T, Krasikova A. Karyotypes of water frogs from the Pelophylax esculentus complex: results of cross-species chromosomal painting. Chromosoma 2023; 132:329-342. [PMID: 38001396 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-023-00812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Amphibian species have the largest genome size enriched with repetitive sequences and relatively similar karyotypes. Moreover, many amphibian species frequently hybridize causing nuclear and mitochondrial genome introgressions. In addition, hybridization in some amphibian species may lead to clonality and polyploidization. All such events were found in water frogs from the genus Pelophylax. Among the species within the genus Pelophylax, P. esculentus complex is the most widely distributed and well-studied. This complex includes two parental species, P. ridibundus and P. lessonae, and their hybrids, P. esculentus, reproducing hemiclonally. Parental species and their hybrids have similar but slightly polymorphic karyotypes, so their precise identification is still required. Here, we have developed a complete set of 13 chromosome painting probes for two parental species allowing the precise identification of all chromosomes. Applying chromosomal painting, we identified homologous chromosomes in both parental species and orthologous chromosomes in their diploid hemiclonal hybrids. Comparative painting did not reveal interchromosomal exchanges between the studied water frog species and their hybrids. Using cross-specific chromosome painting, we detected unequal distribution of the signals along chromosomes suggesting the presence of species-specific tandem repeats. Application of chromosomal paints to the karyotypes of hybrids revealed differences in the intensity of staining for P. ridibundus and P. lessonae chromosomes. Thus, both parental genomes have a divergence in unique sequences. Obtained chromosome probes may serve as a powerful tool to unravel chromosomal evolution in phylogenetically related species, identify individual chromosomes in different cell types, and investigate the elimination of chromosomes in hybrid water frogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrij Dedukh
- Laboratory of Cell Nucleus Structure and Dynamics, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Non-Mendelian Evolution, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Antonina Maslova
- Laboratory of Cell Nucleus Structure and Dynamics, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ahmed Al-Rikabi
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Niklas Padutsch
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Alla Krasikova
- Laboratory of Cell Nucleus Structure and Dynamics, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
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3
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Janko K, Mikulíček P, Hobza R, Schlupp I. Sperm-dependent asexual species and their role in ecology and evolution. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10522. [PMID: 37780083 PMCID: PMC10534198 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual reproduction is the primary mode of reproduction in eukaryotes, but some organisms have evolved deviations from classical sex and switched to asexuality. These asexual lineages have sometimes been viewed as evolutionary dead ends, but recent research has revealed their importance in many areas of general biology. Our review explores the understudied, yet important mechanisms by which sperm-dependent asexuals that produce non-recombined gametes but rely on their fertilization, can have a significant impact on the evolution of coexisting sexual species and ecosystems. These impacts are concentrated around three major fields. Firstly, sperm-dependent asexuals can potentially impact the gene pool of coexisting sexual species by either restricting their population sizes or by providing bridges for interspecific gene flow whose type and consequences substantially differ from gene flow mechanisms expected under sexual reproduction. Secondly, they may impact on sexuals' diversification rates either directly, by serving as stepping-stones in speciation, or indirectly, by promoting the formation of pre- and postzygotic reproduction barriers among nascent species. Thirdly, they can potentially impact on spatial distribution of species, via direct or indirect (apparent) types of competition and Allee effects. For each such mechanism, we provide empirical examples of how natural sperm-dependent asexuals impact the evolution of their sexual counterparts. In particular, we highlight that these broad effects may last beyond the tenure of the individual asexual lineages causing them, which challenges the traditional perception that asexual lineages are short-lived evolutionary dead ends and minor sideshows. Our review also proposes new research directions to incorporate the aforementioned impacts of sperm-dependent asexuals. These research directions will ultimately enhance our understanding of the evolution of genomes and biological interactions in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Janko
- Laboratory of Non‐Mendelian Evolution, Institute of Animal Physiology and GeneticsAcademy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicLiběchovCzech Republic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of OstravaOstravaCzech Republic
| | - Peter Mikulíček
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural SciencesComenius University in BratislavaBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Roman Hobza
- Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of BiophysicsAcademy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Ingo Schlupp
- Department of BiologyUniversity of OklahomaOklahomaNormanUSA
- Department of BiologyInternational Stock Center for Livebearing FishesOklahomaNormanUSA
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Morozov-Leonov SY. Evolutionary Potential of the Hybrid Form Pelophylax esculentus-ridibundus (Amphibia, Ranidae) within Dnieper and Desna Drainages: Its Loss Caused by the Hemiclonal Inheritance and the Compensatory Role of Parental Genomes’ Recombination. CYTOL GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452721030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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5
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Svinin A, Dedukh DV, Borkin LJ, Ermakov O, Ivanov A, Litvinchuk J, Zamaletdinov R, Mikhaylova R, Trubyanov AB, Skorinov D, Rosanov Y, Litvinchuk S. Genetic structure, morphological variation, and gametogenic peculiarities in water frogs (
Pelophylax
) from northeastern European Russia. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Svinin
- Mari State University Yoshkar‐Ola Russia
- National Research Tomsk State University Tomsk Russia
| | | | - Leo J. Borkin
- Zoological Institute Russian Academy of Sciences Saint‐Petersburg Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dmitriy Skorinov
- Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Sciences Saint‐Petersburg Russia
| | - Yurij Rosanov
- Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Sciences Saint‐Petersburg Russia
| | - Spartak Litvinchuk
- Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Sciences Saint‐Petersburg Russia
- Dagestan State University Makhachkala Russia
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Dubey S, Maddalena T, Bonny L, Jeffries DL, Dufresnes C. Population genomics of an exceptional hybridogenetic system of Pelophylax water frogs. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:164. [PMID: 31382876 PMCID: PMC6683362 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1482-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hybridogenesis can represent the first stage towards hybrid speciation where the hybrid taxon eventually weans off its parental species. In hybridogenetic water frogs, the hybrid Pelophylax kl. esculentus (genomes RL) usually eliminates one genome from its germline and relies on its parental species P. lessonae (genomes LL) or P. ridibundus (genomes RR) to perpetuate in so-called L-E and R-E systems. But not exclusively: some all-hybrid populations (E-E system) bypass the need for their parental species and fulfill their sexual cycle via triploid hybrid frogs. Genetic surveys are essential to understand the great diversity of these hybridogenetic dynamics and their evolution. Here we conducted such study using RAD-sequencing on Pelophylax from southern Switzerland (Ticino), a geographically-isolated region featuring different assemblages of parental P. lessonae and hybrid P. kl. esculentus. Results We found two types of hybridogenetic systems in Ticino: an L-E system in northern populations and a presumably all-hybrid E-E system in the closely-related southern populations, where P. lessonae was not detected. In the latter, we did not find evidence for triploid individuals from the population genomic data, but identified a few P. ridibundus (RR) as offspring from interhybrid crosses (LR × LR). Conclusions Assuming P. lessonae is truly absent from southern Ticino, the putative maintenance of all-hybrid populations without triploid individuals would require an unusual lability of genome elimination, namely that P. kl. esculentus from both sexes are capable of producing gametes with either L or R genomes. This could be achieved by the co-existence of L- and R- eliminating lineages or by “hybrid amphigamy”, i. e. males and females producing sperm and eggs among which both genomes are represented. These hypotheses imply that polyploidy is not the exclusive evolutionary pathway for hybrids to become reproductively independent, and challenge the classical view that hybridogenetic taxa are necessarily sexual parasites. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-019-1482-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Dubey
- Hintermann & Weber SA, Avenue des Alpes 25, 1820, Montreux, Switzerland.,Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Agrosustain SA, c/o Agroscope, Route de Duillier 60, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland
| | | | - Laura Bonny
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel L Jeffries
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Kwan Y, Ko M, Jeon Y, Kim H, Won Y. Bidirectional mitochondrial introgression between Korean cobitid fish mediated by hybridogenetic hybrids. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:1244-1254. [PMID: 30805156 PMCID: PMC6374646 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic introgression through interspecific hybridization has been observed in some species of the freshwater fish family Cobitidae. Within this family, a Cobitis hankugensis-Iksookimia longicorpa diploid-triploid hybrid species complex on the Korean peninsula is unique in displaying hybridogenesis, a unisexual reproduction mode that allows hybrids to mediate the transfer of mitochondrial DNA (but not nuclear DNA) between the two parent species. However, populations of the parental species in the wild have never been examined for the potential effect of introgression on their genomes. To address the genetic consequences of unisexual hybridization on the parental species, we examined genetic structure of the two parental species, C. hankugensis and I. longicorpa, in three independent natural habitats where they coexist with their hybrid complex using DNA sequence data of one mitochondrial gene and three nuclear genes. We found that mitochondrial introgression between the two species was extensive in all the examined localities, while there was no evidence of nuclear introgression across the species boundary. This result indicates that the hybridogenetic individuals mediate mitochondrial introgression from one species to the other, producing mito-nuclear mosaic genomes such as C. hankugensis nuclear genomes associated with I. longicorpa mitochondrial DNA and the reverse. The direction and degree of introgression varied among the three localities, but the underlying mechanisms for this observation proved elusive. Introgression might depend on which species serves as the predominant sperm or ovum donor or the environmental conditions of the localities. The present study suggests that introgressive hybridization between pure C. hankugensis and I. longicorpa species is highly likely where the two species co-occur with hybridogenetic individuals, but the consequence of introgression could be variable due to the history and environmental characteristics of particular populations across the parental species' ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye‐Seul Kwan
- Division of EcoScienceEwha Womans UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
- Freshwater Biodiversity Research BureauNakdonggang National Institute of Biological ResourcesSangju‐siSouth Korea
| | - Myeong‐Hun Ko
- Division of EcoScienceEwha Womans UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Yeon‐Seon Jeon
- Division of EcoScienceEwha Womans UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hyo‐Jin Kim
- Division of EcoScienceEwha Womans UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Yong‐Jin Won
- Division of EcoScienceEwha Womans UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
- Department of Life ScienceEwha Womans UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
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8
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Doležálková-Kaštánková M, Pruvost NBM, Plötner J, Reyer HU, Janko K, Choleva L. All-male hybrids of a tetrapod Pelophylax esculentus share its origin and genetics of maintenance. Biol Sex Differ 2018; 9:13. [PMID: 29609661 PMCID: PMC5880063 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-018-0172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sexual parasites offer unique insights into the reproduction of unisexual and sexual populations. Because unisexuality is almost exclusively linked to the female sex, most studies addressed host-parasite dynamics in populations where sperm-dependent females dominate. Pelophylax water frogs from Central Europe include hybrids of both sexes, collectively named P. esculentus. They live syntopically with their parental species P. lessonae and/or P. ridibundus. Some hybrid lineages consist of all males providing a chance to understand the origin and perpetuation of a host-parasite (egg-dependent) system compared to sperm-dependent parthenogenesis. Methods We focused on P. ridibundus-P. esculentus populations where P. ridibundus of both sexes lives together with only diploid P. esculentus males. Based on 17 microsatellite markers and six allozyme loci, we analyzed (i) the variability of individual genomes, (ii) the reproductive mode(s) of all-male hybrids, and (iii) the genealogical relationships between the hybrid and parental genomes. Results Our microsatellite data revealed that P. esculentus males bear Mendelian-inherited ridibundus genomes while the lessonae genome represents a single clone. Our data indicate that this clone did not recently originate from adjacent P. lessonae populations, suggesting an older in situ or ex situ origin. Conclusions Our results confirm that also males can perpetuate over many generations as the unisexual lineage and successfully compete with P. ridibundus males for eggs provided by P. ridibundus females. Natural persistence of such sex-specific hybrid populations allows to studying the similarities and differences between male and female reproductive parasitism in many biological settings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13293-018-0172-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Doležálková-Kaštánková
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 277 21, Liběchov, Czech Republic. .,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 128 43, Praha 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Nicolas B M Pruvost
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Plötner
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinz-Ulrich Reyer
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karel Janko
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 277 21, Liběchov, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Choleva
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 277 21, Liběchov, Czech Republic. .,Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
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9
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Burns M, Hedin M, Tsurusaki N. Population genomics and geographical parthenogenesis in Japanese harvestmen (Opiliones, Sclerosomatidae, Leiobunum). Ecol Evol 2018; 8:36-52. [PMID: 29321849 PMCID: PMC5756897 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring population variation in reproductive mode presents an opportunity for researchers to test hypotheses regarding the evolution of sex. Asexual reproduction frequently assumes a geographical pattern, in which parthenogenesis-dominated populations are more broadly dispersed than their sexual conspecifics. We evaluate the geographical distribution of genomic signatures associated with parthenogenesis using nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data from two Japanese harvestman sister taxa, Leiobunum manubriatum and Leiobunum globosum. Asexual reproduction is putatively facultative in these species, and female-biased localities are common in habitat margins. Past karyotypic and current cytometric work indicates L. globosum is entirely tetraploid, while L. manubriatum may be either diploid or tetraploid. We estimated species phylogeny, genetic differentiation, diversity, and mitonuclear discordance in females collected across the species range in order to identify range expansion toward marginal habitat, potential for hybrid origin, and persistence of asexual lineages. Our results point to northward expansion of a tetraploid ancestor of L. manubriatum and L. globosum, coupled with support for greater male gene flow in southern L. manubriatum localities. Specimens from localities in the Tohoku and Hokkaido regions were indistinct, particularly those of L. globosum, potentially due to little mitochondrial differentiation or haplotypic variation. Although L. manubriatum overlaps with L. globosum across its entire range, L. globosum was reconstructed as monophyletic with strong support using mtDNA, and marginal support with nuclear loci. Ultimately, we find evidence for continued sexual reproduction in both species and describe opportunities to clarify the rate and mechanism of parthenogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Burns
- Department of BiologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of MarylandBaltimore County, BaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Marshal Hedin
- Department of BiologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA
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10
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Majtánová Z, Choleva L, Symonová R, Ráb P, Kotusz J, Pekárik L, Janko K. Asexual Reproduction Does Not Apparently Increase the Rate of Chromosomal Evolution: Karyotype Stability in Diploid and Triploid Clonal Hybrid Fish (Cobitis, Cypriniformes, Teleostei). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146872. [PMID: 26808475 PMCID: PMC4726494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interspecific hybridization, polyploidization and transitions from sexuality to asexuality considerably affect organismal genomes. Especially the last mentioned process has been assumed to play a significant role in the initiation of chromosomal rearrangements, causing increased rates of karyotype evolution. We used cytogenetic analysis and molecular dating of cladogenetic events to compare the rate of changes of chromosome morphology and karyotype in asexually and sexually reproducing counterparts in European spined loach fish (Cobitis). We studied metaphases of three sexually reproducing species and their diploid and polyploid hybrid clones of different age of origin. The material includes artificial F1 hybrid strains, representatives of lineage originated in Holocene epoch, and also individuals of an oldest known age to date (roughly 0.37 MYA). Thereafter we applied GISH technique as a marker to differentiate parental chromosomal sets in hybrids. Although the sexual species accumulated remarkable chromosomal rearrangements after their speciation, we observed no differences in chromosome numbers and/or morphology among karyotypes of asexual hybrids. These hybrids possess chromosome sets originating from respective parental species with no cytogenetically detectable recombinations, suggesting their integrity even in a long term. The switch to asexual reproduction thus did not provoke any significant acceleration of the rate of chromosomal evolution in Cobitis. Asexual animals described in other case studies reproduce ameiotically, while Cobitis hybrids described here produce eggs likely through modified meiosis. Therefore, our findings indicate that the effect of asexuality on the rate of chromosomal change may be context-dependent rather than universal and related to particular type of asexual reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Majtánová
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, CAS, v.v.i, Liběchov, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Lukáš Choleva
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, CAS, v.v.i, Liběchov, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Symonová
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, CAS, v.v.i, Liběchov, Czech Republic
- Research Institute for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
| | - Petr Ráb
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, CAS, v.v.i, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kotusz
- Museum of Natural History, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ladislav Pekárik
- Institute of Botany, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Karel Janko
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, CAS, v.v.i, Liběchov, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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11
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Hoffmann A, Plötner J, Pruvost NBM, Christiansen DG, Röthlisberger S, Choleva L, Mikulíček P, Cogălniceanu D, Sas-Kovács I, Shabanov D, Morozov-Leonov S, Reyer HU. Genetic diversity and distribution patterns of diploid and polyploid hybrid water frog populations (Pelophylax esculentus complex) across Europe. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:4371-91. [PMID: 26308154 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polyploidization is a rare yet sometimes successful way for animals to rapidly create geno- and phenotypes that may colonize new habitats and quickly adapt to environmental changes. In this study, we use water frogs of the Pelophylax esculentus complex, comprising two species (Pelophylax lessonae, genotype LL; Pelophylax ridibundus, RR) and various diploid (LR) and triploid (LLR, LRR) hybrid forms, summarized as P. esculentus, as a model for studying recent hybridization and polyploidization in the context of speciation. Specifically, we compared the geographic distribution and genetic diversity of diploid and triploid hybrids across Europe to understand their origin, maintenance and potential role in hybrid speciation. We found that different hybrid and parental genotypes are not evenly distributed across Europe. Rather, their genetic diversity is structured by latitude and longitude and the presence/absence of parental species but not of triploids. Highest genetic diversity was observed in central and eastern Europe, the lowest in the northwestern parts of Europe. This gradient can be explained by the decrease in genetic diversity during postglacial expansion from southeastern glacial refuge areas. Genealogical relationships calculated on the basis of microsatellite data clearly indicate that hybrids are of multiple origin and include a huge variety of parental genomes. Water frogs in mixed-ploidy populations without any parental species (i.e. all-hybrid populations) can be viewed as evolutionary units that may be on their way towards hybrid speciation. Maintenance of such all-hybrid populations requires a continuous exchange of genomes between diploids and triploids, but scenarios for alternative evolutionary trajectories are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hoffmann
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Plötner
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstraße 43, Berlin, 10115, Germany
| | - Nicolas B M Pruvost
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Ditte G Christiansen
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Röthlisberger
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Lukáš Choleva
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, AS CR, v.v.i., Rumburská 89, Liběchov, 277 21, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, Ostrava, 710 00, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Mikulíček
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina B-1, Bratislava, SK-84215, Slovak Republic
| | - Dan Cogălniceanu
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Agricultural Sciences, University Ovidius Constanţa, Al. Universităţii 1, corp B, Constanţa, Romania
| | - István Sas-Kovács
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Oradea, Universitatii str. 1, Oradea, 410087, Romania
| | - Dmitry Shabanov
- Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody sq 4, Kharkiv, 62077, Ukraine
| | - Svyatoslav Morozov-Leonov
- Department of Evolutionary Genetic Basics of Systematics, Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, B. Khmelnitskogo st., 15 Kyiv-30, Kyiv, MSP UA-01601, Ukraine
| | - Heinz-Ulrich Reyer
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
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Pruvost NBM, Mikulíček P, Choleva L, Reyer HU. Contrasting reproductive strategies of triploid hybrid males in vertebrate mating systems. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:189-204. [PMID: 25411907 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The scarcity of parthenogenetic vertebrates is often attributed to their 'inferior' mode of clonal reproduction, which restricts them to self-reproduce their own genotype lineage and leaves little evolutionary potential with regard to speciation and evolution of sexual reproduction. Here, we show that for some taxa, such uniformity does not hold. Using hybridogenetic water frogs (Pelophylax esculentus) as a model system, we demonstrate that triploid hybrid males from two geographic regions exhibit very different reproductive modes. With an integrative data set combining field studies, crossing experiments, flow cytometry and microsatellite analyses, we found that triploid hybrids from Central Europe are rare, occur in male sex only and form diploid gametes of a single clonal lineage. In contrast, triploid hybrids from north-western Europe are widespread, occur in both sexes and produce recombined haploid gametes. These differences translate into contrasting reproductive roles between regions. In Central Europe, triploid hybrid males sexually parasitize diploid hybrids and just perpetuate their own genotype--which is the usual pattern in parthenogens. In north-western Europe, on the other hand, the triploid males are gamete donors for diploid hybrids, thereby stabilizing the mixed 2n-3n hybrid populations. By demonstrating these contrasting roles in male reproduction, we draw attention to a new significant evolutionary potential for animals with nonsexual reproduction, namely reproductive plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B M Pruvost
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Mikulíček P, Kautman M, Kautman J, Pruvost NBM. Mode of hybridogenesis and habitat preferences influence population composition of water frogs (Pelophylax esculentus
complex, Anura: Ranidae) in a region of sympatric occurrence (western Slovakia). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mikulíček
- Department of Zoology; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Matej Kautman
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases; Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Ján Kautman
- Slovak National Museum; Museum of Natural History; Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Nicolas B. M. Pruvost
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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