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Judson BJ, Kristjánsson BK, Leblanc CA, Ferguson MM. The role of neutral and adaptive evolutionary processes on patterns of genetic diversity across small cave-dwelling populations of Icelandic Arctic charr ( Salvelinus alpinus). Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11363. [PMID: 38770124 PMCID: PMC11103641 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the adaptability of small populations in the face of environmental change is a central problem in evolutionary biology. Solving this problem is challenging because neutral evolutionary processes that operate on historical and contemporary timescales can override the effects of selection in small populations. We assessed the effects of isolation by colonization (IBC), isolation by dispersal limitation (IBDL) as reflected by a pattern of isolation by distance (IBD), and isolation by adaptation (IBA) and the roles of genetic drift and gene flow on patterns of genetic differentiation among 19 cave-dwelling populations of Icelandic Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). We detected evidence of IBC based on the genetic affinity of nearby cave populations and the genetic relationships between the cave populations and the presumed ancestral population in the lake. A pattern of IBD was evident regardless of whether high-level genetic structuring (IBC) was taken into account. Genetic signatures of bottlenecks and lower genetic diversity in smaller populations indicate the effect of drift. Estimates of gene flow and fish movement suggest that gene flow is limited to nearby populations. In contrast, we found little evidence of IBA as patterns of local ecological and phenotypic variation showed little association with genetic differentiation among populations. Thus, patterns of genetic variation in these small populations likely reflect localized gene flow and genetic drift superimposed onto a larger-scale structure that is largely a result of colonization history. Our simultaneous assessment of the effects of neutral and adaptive processes in a tractable and replicated system has yielded novel insights into the evolution of small populations on both historical and contemporary timescales and over a smaller spatial scale than is typically studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braden J. Judson
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - Moira M. Ferguson
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
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2
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Fleischer SR, Bolnick DI, Schreiber SJ. Sick of eating: Eco-evo-immuno dynamics of predators and their trophically acquired parasites. Evolution 2021; 75:2842-2856. [PMID: 34562317 PMCID: PMC8985590 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
When predators consume prey, they risk becoming infected with their prey's parasites, which can then establish the predator as a secondary host. A predator population's diet therefore influences what parasites it is exposed to, as has been repeatedly shown in many species such as threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) (more benthic‐feeding individuals obtain nematodes from oligocheate prey, whereas limnetic‐feeding individuals catch cestodes from copepod prey). These differing parasite encounters, in turn, determine how natural selection acts on the predator's immune system. We might therefore expect that ecoevolutionary dynamics of a predator's diet (as determined by its ecomorphology) should drive correlated evolution of its immune traits. Conversely, the predator's immunity to certain parasites might alter the relative costs and benefits of different prey, driving evolution of its ecomorphology. To evaluate the potential for ecological morphology to drive evolution of immunity, and vice versa, we use a quantitative genetics framework coupled with an ecological model of a predator and two prey species (the diet options). Our analysis reveals fundamental asymmetries in the evolution of ecomorphology and immunity. When ecomorphology rapidly evolves, it determines how immunity evolves, but not vice versa. Weak trade‐offs in ecological morphology select for diet generalists despite strong immunological trade‐offs, but not vice versa. Only weak immunological trade‐offs can explain negative diet‐infection correlations across populations. The analysis also reveals that eco‐evo‐immuno feedbacks destabilize population dynamics when trade‐offs are sufficiently weak and heritability is sufficiently high. Collectively, these results highlight the delicate interplay between multivariate trait evolution and the dynamics of ecological communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Fleischer
- Graduate Group in Applied Mathematics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Daniel I Bolnick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Sebastian J Schreiber
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
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3
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Bolnick DI, Resetarits EJ, Ballare K, Stuart YE, Stutz WE. Scale-dependent effects of host patch traits on species composition in a stickleback parasite metacommunity. Ecology 2020; 101:e03181. [PMID: 32880940 PMCID: PMC7757261 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A core goal of ecology is to understand the abiotic and biotic variables that regulate species distributions and community composition. A major obstacle is that the rules governing species distributions can change with spatial scale. Here, we illustrate this point using data from a spatially nested metacommunity of parasites infecting a metapopulation of threespine stickleback fish from 34 lakes on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Like most parasite metacommunities, the composition of stickleback parasites differs among host individuals within each host population, and differs between host populations. The distribution of each parasite taxon depends, to varying degrees, on individual host traits (e.g., mass, diet) and on host-population characteristics (e.g., lake size, mean host mass, mean diet). However, in most cases in this data set, a given parasite was regulated by different factors at the host-individual and host-population scales, leading to scale-dependent patterns of parasite-species co-occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I. Bolnick
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexas78712USA
- Present address:
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology & Institute of System GenomicsUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut06269USA
| | - Emlyn J. Resetarits
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexas78712USA
- Present address:
Center for the Ecology of Infectious DiseaseOdum School of EcologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Kimberly Ballare
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexas78712USA
- Present address:
Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCalifornia95064USA
| | - Yoel E. Stuart
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexas78712USA
- Present address:
Department of BiologyLoyola UniversityChicagoIllinois60660USA
| | - William E. Stutz
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexas78712USA
- Office of Institutional ResearchWestern Michigan UniversityKalamazooMichigan49008‐5253USA
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4
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Gobbin TP, Vanhove MPM, Seehausen O, Maan ME. Microhabitat distributions and species interactions of ectoparasites on the gills of cichlid fish in Lake Victoria, Tanzania. Int J Parasitol 2020; 51:201-214. [PMID: 33161003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous exposure to parasites may contribute to host species differentiation. Hosts often harbour multiple parasite species which may interact and thus modify each other's effects on host fitness. Antagonistic or synergistic interactions between parasites may be detectable as niche segregation within hosts. Consequently, the within-host distribution of different parasite taxa may constitute an important axis of infection variation among host populations and species. We investigated the microhabitat distributions and species interactions of gill parasites (four genera) infecting 14 sympatric cichlid species in Lake Victoria, Tanzania. We found that the two most abundant ectoparasite genera (the monogenean Cichlidogyrus spp. and the copepod Lamproglena monodi) were non-randomly distributed across the host gills and their spatial distribution differed between host species. This may indicate microhabitat selection by the parasites and cryptic differences in the host-parasite interaction among host species. Relationships among ectoparasite genera were synergistic: the abundances of Cichlidogyrus spp. and the copepods L. monodi and Ergasilus lamellifer tended to be positively correlated. In contrast, relationships among morphospecies of Cichlidogyrus were antagonistic: the abundances of morphospecies were negatively correlated. Together with niche overlap, this suggests competition among morphospecies of Cichlidogyrus. We also assessed the reproductive activity of the copepod species (the proportion of individuals carrying egg clutches), as it may be affected by the presence of other parasites and provide another indicator of the species specificity of the host-parasite relationship. Copepod reproductive activity did not differ between host species and was not associated with the presence or abundance of other parasites, suggesting that these are generalist parasites, thriving in all cichlid species examined from Lake Victoria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana P Gobbin
- Division of Aquatic Ecology & Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland; Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Maarten P M Vanhove
- Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity & Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Division of Aquatic Ecology & Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Martine E Maan
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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5
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Gobbin TP, Tiemersma R, Leone G, Seehausen O, Maan ME. Patterns of ectoparasite infection in wild-caught and laboratory-bred cichlid fish, and their hybrids, implicate extrinsic rather than intrinsic causes of species differences in infection. HYDROBIOLOGIA 2020; 848:3817-3831. [PMID: 34720171 PMCID: PMC8550742 DOI: 10.1007/s10750-020-04423-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Parasite-mediated selection may initiate or enhance differentiation between host populations that are exposed to different parasite infections. Variation in infection among populations may result from differences in host ecology (thereby exposure to certain parasites) and/or intrinsic immunological traits. Species of cichlid fish, even when recently diverged, often differ in parasite infection, but the contributions of intrinsic and extrinsic causes are unknown. Here, we compare infection patterns between two closely related host species from Lake Victoria (genus Pundamilia), using wild-caught and first-generation laboratory-reared fish, as well as laboratory-reared hybrids. Three of the commonest ectoparasite species observed in the wild were also present in the laboratory populations. However, the infection differences between the host species as observed in the wild were not maintained in laboratory conditions. In addition, hybrids did not differ in infection from either parental species. These findings suggest that the observed species differences in infection in the wild might be mainly driven by ecology-related effects (i.e. differential exposure), rather than by intrinsic species differences in immunological traits. Thus, while there is scope for parasite-mediated selection in Pundamilia in the wild, it has apparently not yet generated divergent evolutionary responses and may not enhance assortative mating among closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana P. Gobbin
- Division of Aquatic Ecology & Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Universitat Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Ron Tiemersma
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giulia Leone
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Division of Aquatic Ecology & Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Universitat Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Martine E. Maan
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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6
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Kuchta R, Řehulková E, Francová K, Scholz T, Morand S, Šimková A. Diversity of monogeneans and tapeworms in cypriniform fishes across two continents. Int J Parasitol 2020; 50:771-786. [PMID: 32687912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cypriniformes, which exhibit a wide geographical distribution, are the most species-rich group of freshwater fishes. Despite considerable research on their parasites, no reliable estimates of their parasite diversity on a large geographical scale are available. In the present review, we analyse species richness of two parasitic flatworm groups (monogeneans and tapeworms) reported from cypriniform fishes in the two most intensively studied parts of the Holarctic region, Europe and North America. We also review knowledge on parasite speciation and host-parasite coevolution, and emphasise the risk of parasite co-introduction resulting from transfers of cypriniforms among different continents. As parasite diversity in European cypriniforms has been more intensively explored, we predicted a lower level of knowledge on parasite diversity in North American fishes, despite North America having a higher diversity of cypriniforms than Europe. Our data revealed a higher mean species richness of monogeneans and tapeworms per cypriniform species in Europe compared with North America. We showed that species richness of both parasite taxa in both continents is strongly affected by sample size, but that fish traits also play an important role in determining monogenean and tapeworm species richness in European cyprinoids. We recorded higher host specificity for cypriniform parasites in North America, even within parasite genera shared by cypriniforms on both continents. The host range of monogeneans parasitising cyprinoids on both continents was affected by phylogeny, indicating an effect of parasite life history on host specificity. The difference in parasite host range between the two continents could potentially be explained by either the low overall level of sampling activity in North America or an underestimation of parasite diversity in Europe. We suggest that future research efforts be focussed on cypriniforms in order to obtain reliable data for robust assessments of parasite species richness and phylogenies, to assess host-parasite coevolution and to reveal fish biogeography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kuchta
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Řehulková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Francová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Serge Morand
- CNRS ISEM - CIRAD ASTRE, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France; Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Andrea Šimková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
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7
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Gobbin TP, Vanhove MPM, Pariselle A, Groothuis TGG, Maan ME, Seehausen O. Temporally consistent species differences in parasite infection but no evidence for rapid parasite-mediated speciation in Lake Victoria cichlid fish. J Evol Biol 2020; 33:556-575. [PMID: 32163649 PMCID: PMC7318199 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Parasites may have strong eco‐evolutionary interactions with their hosts. Consequently, they may contribute to host diversification. The radiation of cichlid fish in Lake Victoria provides a good model to study the role of parasites in the early stages of speciation. We investigated patterns of macroparasite infection in a community of 17 sympatric cichlids from a recent radiation and 2 older species from 2 nonradiating lineages, to explore the opportunity for parasite‐mediated speciation. Host species had different parasite infection profiles, which were only partially explained by ecological factors (diet, water depth). This may indicate that differences in infection are not simply the result of differences in exposure, but that hosts evolved species‐specific resistance, consistent with parasite‐mediated divergent selection. Infection was similar between sampling years, indicating that the direction of parasite‐mediated selection is stable through time. We morphologically identified 6 Cichlidogyrus species, a gill parasite that is considered a good candidate for driving parasite‐mediated speciation, because it is host species‐specific and has radiated elsewhere in Africa. Species composition of Cichlidogyrus infection was similar among the most closely related host species (members of the Lake Victoria radiation), but two more distantly related species (belonging to nonradiating sister lineages) showed distinct infection profiles. This is inconsistent with a role for Cichlidogyrus in the early stages of divergence. To conclude, we find significant interspecific variation in parasite infection profiles, which is temporally consistent. We found no evidence that Cichlidogyrus‐mediated selection contributes to the early stages of speciation. Instead, our findings indicate that species differences in infection accumulate after speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana P Gobbin
- Division of Aquatic Ecology & Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Maarten P M Vanhove
- Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity & Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Zoology Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antoine Pariselle
- ISEM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, IRD, Montpellier, France.,Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ton G G Groothuis
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Martine E Maan
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Division of Aquatic Ecology & Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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8
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Meyer BS, Hablützel PI, Roose AK, Hofmann MJ, Salzburger W, Raeymaekers JAM. An exploration of the links between parasites, trophic ecology, morphology, and immunogenetics in the Lake Tanganyika cichlid radiation. HYDROBIOLOGIA 2018; 832:215-233. [PMID: 30880832 PMCID: PMC6394741 DOI: 10.1007/s10750-018-3798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Differences in habitat and diet between species are often associated with morphological differences. Habitat and trophic adaptation have therefore been proposed as important drivers of speciation and adaptive radiation. Importantly, habitat and diet shifts likely impose changes in exposure to different parasites and infection risk. As strong selective agents influencing survival and mate choice, parasites might play an important role in host diversification. We explore this possibility for the adaptive radiation of Lake Tanganyika (LT) cichlids. We first compare metazoan macroparasites infection levels between cichlid tribes. We then describe the cichlids' genetic diversity at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which plays a key role in vertebrate immunity. Finally, we evaluate to what extent trophic ecology and morphology explain variation in infection levels and MHC, accounting for phylogenetic relationships. We show that different cichlid tribes in LT feature partially non-overlapping parasite communities and partially non-overlapping MHC diversity. While morphology explained 15% of the variation in mean parasite abundance, trophic ecology accounted for 16% and 22% of the MHC variation at the nucleotide and at the amino acid level, respectively. Parasitism and immunogenetic adaptation may thus add additional dimensions to the LT cichlid radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta S. Meyer
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, GEOMAR, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Present Address: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Research Group Behavioural Genomics, August-Thienemann-Str. 2, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Pascal I. Hablützel
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Louvain, Belgium
- Present Address: Flanders Marine Institute, Wandelaarkaai 7, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Anna K. Roose
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Louvain, Belgium
| | - Melinda J. Hofmann
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Present Address: Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Walter Salzburger
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joost A. M. Raeymaekers
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Louvain, Belgium
- Present Address: Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway
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9
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Lynggaard C, Woolsey ID, Al-Sabi MNS, Bertram N, Jensen PM. Parasites in Myodes glareolus and their association with diet assessed by stable isotope analysis. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2018; 7:180-186. [PMID: 29988840 PMCID: PMC6032500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrates are hosts to numerous parasites, belonging to many different taxa. These parasites differ in transmission, being through either direct contact, a faecal-oral route, ingestion of particular food items, vertical or sexual transmission, or by a vector. Assessing the impact of diet on parasitism can be difficult because analysis of faecal and stomach content are uncertain and labourious; and as with molecular methods, do not provide diet information over a longer period of time. We here explored whether the analysis of stable isotopes in hair provides insight into the impact of diet and the presence of parasites in the rodent Myodes glareolus. Twenty-one animals were examined for parasites and their hair analysed for stable isotopes (C and N). A positive correlation between δ15N and one species of intestinal parasite was observed in females. Furthermore, several ectoparasites were negatively correlated with δ15N, indicating that infections are further associated with foraging habits (size and layout of the home range, length and timing of foraging, interaction with other rodents, etc.) that set the rodents in direct contact with infected hosts. Although a limited number of animals were included, it seemed that the isotope values allowed for identification of the association between diet and parasite occurrence in this rodent. We therefore propose that this method is useful in providing further insight into host biology, feeding preferences and potential exposure to parasites species, contributing to the understanding of the complex relationship between hosts and parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lynggaard
- Section for Organismal Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Ian David Woolsey
- Section for Organismal Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mohammad Nafi Solaiman Al-Sabi
- Section of Diagnostics and Scientific Advice, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Bertram
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Moestrup Jensen
- Section for Organismal Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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10
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Hablützel PI, Vanhove MPM, Deschepper P, Grégoir AF, Roose AK, Volckaert FAM, Raeymaekers JAM. Parasite escape through trophic specialization in a species flock. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:1437-1445. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. I. Hablützel
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics; University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - M. P. M. Vanhove
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics; University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- Capacities for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development; Operational Directorate Natural Environment; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences; Brussels Belgium
- Department of Botany and Zoology; Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
- Hasselt University; Centre for Environmental Sciences; Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity & Toxicology; Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - P. Deschepper
- Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Population Biology; University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - A. F. Grégoir
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution; University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - A. K. Roose
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics; University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - F. A. M. Volckaert
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics; University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - J. A. M. Raeymaekers
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics; University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- Department of Biology; Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture; Nord University; Bodø Norway
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