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Hein S, Saleh O, Li C, Nold J, Westland S. Bridging instrumental and visual perception with improved color difference equations: A multi-center study. Dent Mater 2024; 40:1497-1506. [PMID: 39095246 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This multicenter study aimed to evaluate visual-instrumental agreement of six color measurement devices and optimize three color difference equations using a dataset of visual color differences (∆V) from expert observers. METHODS A total of 154 expert observers from 16 sites across 5 countries participated, providing visual scaling on 26 sample pairs of artificial teeth using magnitude estimation. Three color difference equations (ΔE*ab, ∆E00, and CAM16-UCS) were tested. Optimization of all three equations was performed using device-specific weights, and the standardized residual sum of squares (STRESS) index was used to evaluate visual-instrumental agreement. RESULTS The ΔE*ab formula exhibited STRESS values from 18 to 40, with visual-instrumental agreement between 60 % and 82 %. The ∆E00 formula showed STRESS values from 26 to 32, representing visual-instrumental agreement of 68 % to 74 %. CAM16-UCS demonstrated STRESS values from 32 - 39, with visual-instrumental agreement between 61-68 %. Following optimization, STRESS values decreased for all three formulas, with ΔE' demonstrating average visual-instrumental agreement of 79 % and ∆E00 of 78 %. CAM16-UCS showed average visual-instrumental agreement of 76 % post optimization. SIGNIFICANCE Optimization of color difference equations notably improved visual-instrumental agreement, overshadowing device performance. The optimzed ΔE' formula demonstrated the best overall performance combining computational simplicty with outstanding visual-instrumental agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Hein
- School of Design, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Omnia Saleh
- Prosthodontic Division, Department for Restorative Science and Biomaterials, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA; Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Changjun Li
- School of Computer and Software Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, China
| | - Julian Nold
- Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Tabatabaian F, Namdari M, Mahshid M, Vora SR, Mirabbasi S. Accuracy and precision of intraoral scanners for shade matching: A systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 132:714-725. [PMID: 36347647 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The use of intraoral scanners is rising in prosthetic dentistry; however, systematic analysis of their accuracy and precision for shade matching is scarce. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the accuracy and precision of intraoral scanners for shade matching. MATERIAL AND METHODS In addition to a manual search, an electronic systematic search was conducted on MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus databases. English-language original studies published between January 1, 2010 and March 1, 2022 with intraoral or digital scanners were chosen based on the keywords of tooth color or shade selection or determination, color or shade matching, accuracy, validity, or trueness, and precision, repeatability, or reproducibility as inclusive criteria. Two reviewers independently performed the literature search, selected the studies, collected the data from the studies included, and evaluated the quality of the studies included using a quality assessment method and the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Quasi-Experimental Studies. A third reviewer resolved disagreements. RESULTS A total of 17 articles concerning the shade matching accuracy and precision of intraoral scanners were selected and reviewed. Among them, 4 articles evaluated only accuracy, 4 articles assessed only precision, and 9 articles investigated both accuracy and precision. Ten articles reported low levels of shade matching accuracy for intraoral scanners, while 11 articles reported high levels of shade matching precision for intraoral scanners. CONCLUSIONS Based on the current literature, intraoral scanners show acceptable precision but unacceptable accuracy for shade matching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Tabatabaian
- PhD student, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Mahshid Namdari
- Assistant Professor of Biostatistics, Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Mahshid
- Emeritus Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siddhart R Vora
- Assistant Professor, Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shahriar Mirabbasi
- Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Tejada-Casado M, Duveiller V, Ghinea R, Gautheron A, Clerc R, Salomon JP, Pérez MDM, Hébert M, Herrera LJ. Comparative analysis of optical and numerical models for reflectance and color prediction of monolithic dental resin composites with varying thicknesses. Dent Mater 2024; 40:1677-1684. [PMID: 39097503 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prediction accuracy of recent optical and numerical models for the spectral reflectance and color of monolithic samples of dental materials with different thicknesses. METHODS Samples of dental resin composites of Aura Easy Flow (Ae1, Ae3 and Ae4 shades) and Estelite Universal Flow Super Low (A1, A2, A3, A3.5, A4 and A5 shades) with thicknesses between 0.3 and 1.8 mm, as well as Estelite Universal Flow Medium (A2, A3, OA2 and OA3 shades) with thicknesses between 0.4 and 2.0 mm, were used. Spectral reflectance and transmittance factors of all samples were measured using a X-Rite Color i7 spectrophotometer. Four analytical optical models (2 two-flux models and 2 four-flux models) and two numerical models (PCA-based and L*a*b*-based) were implemented to predict spectral reflectance of all samples and then convert them into CIE-L*a*b* color coordinates (D65 illuminant, 2°Observer). The CIEDE2000 total color difference formula (ΔE00) between predicted and measured colors, and the corresponding 50:50% acceptability and perceptibility thresholds (AT00 and PT00) were used for performance assessment. RESULTS The best performing optical model was the four-flux model RTE-4F-RT, with an average ΔE00 = 0.72 over all samples, 94.87% of the differences below AT00 and 65.38% below PT00. The best performing numerical model was L*a*b*-PCHIP (interpolation mode), with an average ΔE00 = 0.48, and 100% and 79.69% of the differences below AT00 and PT00, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE Both optical and numerical models offer comparable color prediction accuracy, offering flexibility in model choice. These results help guide decision-making on prediction methods by clarifying their strengths and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tejada-Casado
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva, s/n 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Vincent Duveiller
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, CNRS, Institut d Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, Saint-Étienne, France.
| | - Razvan Ghinea
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva, s/n 18071 Granada, Spain; Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Craiova, 13 AI Cuza Street, Craiova, 200585, Romania.
| | - Arthur Gautheron
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, CNRS, Institut d Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, Saint-Étienne, France; Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1294, Lyon, France.
| | - Raphaël Clerc
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, CNRS, Institut d Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, Saint-Étienne, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Salomon
- Faculté d'Odontologie de Nancy (CHRU), France; Dental Materials and Prosthodontics Department, Araraquara's Dental School (UNESP, Brazil), Brazil; OHSU, Dental Biomaterials Department, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - María Del Mar Pérez
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva, s/n 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Mathieu Hébert
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, CNRS, Institut d Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, Saint-Étienne, France.
| | - Luis Javier Herrera
- Department of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology, E.T.S.I.I.T. University of Granada, s/n 18071, Granada, Spain.
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Ying S, Huang F, Liu W, He F. Deep learning in the overall process of implant prosthodontics: A state-of-the-art review. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2024; 26:835-846. [PMID: 38286659 DOI: 10.1111/cid.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence represented by deep learning has attracted attention in the field of dental implant restoration. It is widely used in surgical image analysis, implant plan design, prosthesis shape design, and prognosis judgment. This article mainly describes the research progress of deep learning in the whole process of dental implant prosthodontics. It analyzes the limitations of current research, and looks forward to the future development direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunv Ying
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Huang
- School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fuming He
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Dang AD, Belles DM, Gonzalez MD, Aponte-Wesson RA, Paravina RD. Repeatability of different mobile phone applications for color measurement in dentistry. J Prosthodont 2024. [PMID: 39322974 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the repeatability of various color-measuring mobile phone applications (MPAs) on dental materials in clinically relevant shades in 1-mm thickness. MATERIALS AND METHODS A benchtop spectrophotometer was used as a reference instrument. Seven MPAs were used: Color Analysis, Color Analyzer-Iro Shirabe, Color Grab, and Colorimeter from Android, and Color Analyzer-Iro Shirabe, ColorMeter RGB, and Optishade from iOS. Color measurements were performed on 1-mm thickness slices of CAD-CAM materials, Vita Enamic shades 1M2, 2M2, 3M2, 4M2, and Vitablocs Mark II shades A1C, A2C, A3C, A4C (n = 10, for a total 80 specimens). The specimens were measured at three time periods, Day 0, Day 1, and Day 7, and three measurements were made on each day, to mimic short-, medium-, and long-term repeatability. The color differences were analyzed using the CIEDE2000 formula, with the corresponding color difference (ΔE00), and mean color difference from the mean (MCDM00). One-way ANOVA, Repeated measures ANOVA, and Paired sample t-tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Optishade from iOS showed the lowest mean color difference among the MPAs (ΔE00 = 0.2 (SD 0.1), 0.3 (SD 0.2), and 0.2 (SD 0.1) at Day 0, 1, and 7, respectively, and ΔE00 = 0.5 (SD 0.3) for all three periods Days 0-1, 0-7, and 1-7). Material-dependent variations in the repeatability of color measurements were observed. CONCLUSION There was a statistically significant difference among color measurements using MPAs and a spectrophotometer, among the MPAs, and materials. The spectrophotometer exhibited the highest repeatability across the tested time periods. The iOS Optishade showed the highest repeatability among the MPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Duong Dang
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, UTHealth Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, USA
| | - Donald M Belles
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, UTHealth Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, USA
| | - Maria D Gonzalez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, UTHealth Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, USA
| | - Ruth A Aponte-Wesson
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Rade D Paravina
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, UTHealth Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, USA
- John M. Powers, Ph.D, Center for Biomaterials & Biomimetics (PCBB), Houston, USA
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Awdaljan MW, Roque JC, Choi J, Rondón LF. Introducing a novel approach to dental color reproduction using AI technology. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024. [PMID: 39154348 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article aims to describe a systematic method for tooth color reproduction with ceramics restorations employing artificial intelligence (AI) software named Matisse. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the entire process, beginning with shade-taking and extending to ceramic application in a complex clinical case in the anterior region-specifically, a single central restoration supported by an implant. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS The clinical case presented highlights the potential of Matisse software for generating ceramic (inSync-Jensen Dental, USA) and staining (Miyo-Jensen Dental, USA) recipes over a zirconia abutment (Katana-Noritake Dental, Japan). This approach achieves an optimal single central restoration utilizing CAD-CAM and layering techniques. CONCLUSIONS The systematic method employing the Matisse software achieved accurate color reproduction for a single central restoration supported by an implant. This result was achieved by the dental ceramist within the first attempt and without seeing the patient in the entire process. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The Matisse AI-assisted protocol offers a systematic and scientifically grounded method for color reproduction in dentistry for indirect restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Carlos Roque
- Biomaterials Group (BIOMAT), Biomedical and Oral Sciences Research Unit (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - James Choi
- Maven Dental Studio, Private Dental Laboratory, Oakbrook Terrace, Illinois, USA
| | - Luis Felipe Rondón
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kabeel DG, Nour KA, Sedky RA. The Effect of Resin Infiltration Technique on the Calculated Color Change of Demineralized Lesions of Different Severities. Oper Dent 2024; 49:443-454. [PMID: 38978312 DOI: 10.2341/23-126-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the color change of demineralized enamel lesions of different severities after resin infiltration using both clinical spectrophotometry and digital photography. METHODS AND MATERIALS Sixty sound human premolars were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the demineralization level. All the teeth were immersed in a demineralizing solution of a pH adjusted to 4.4 at 37°C. Three levels of demineralization were obtained (D1 shallow, D2 moderate, D3 deep) according to the demineralization time. The demineralized area was then infiltrated by low-viscosity resin (ICON, DMG, Germany). Two instrumental methods were utilized to assess the color difference, a clinical spectrophotometer and digital photography at three time points (sound, demineralized, and infiltrated enamel) to calculate the color difference between sound and demineralized enamel (ΔE1) and between sound and infiltrated enamel (ΔE2). Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post hoc test. The correlation was analyzed using linear regression. RESULTS Two-way ANOVA showed statistically significant differences for both levels of the study (p≤0.05). The color change (ΔE1) and (ΔE2) for different demineralization levels showed statistically significant differences between all groups. For both clinical spectrophotometry and digital photography, D3 showed the highest difference followed by D2 and then D1. As for (ΔE1) calculations, digital photography had a significantly higher difference than spectrophotometry for the D1 group (5.47±0.93 vs 2.78±0.58). As for (ΔE2) digital photography had a statistically significantly lower difference than spectrophotometry (5.55±1.05 vs 6.48±0.76) for the D3 group. CONCLUSIONS Color correction after resin infiltration is affected by the demineralization level of enamel. Clinical spectrophotometry and digital photography can detect similarly the color change of demineralized enamel after resin infiltration in shallow and moderate demineralization. However, in deep demineralization clinical spectrophotometry tends to exaggerate the color change compared to digital photography.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Kabeel
- *Dina Gamal Kabeel, BDS, MDSc, assistant lecturer, Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain-Shams University, Abbasyia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - K A Nour
- Khaled Aly Nour, BDS, MSc, PhD, associate professor, Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain-Shams University, Abbasyia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - R A Sedky
- Rana A Sedky, BDS, MDSc, DDSc, lecturer, Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain-Shams University, Abbasyia, Cairo, Egypt
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Rashid F, Farook TH, Dudley J. Digital Shade Matching in Dentistry: A Systematic Review. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:250. [PMID: 37999014 PMCID: PMC10670912 DOI: 10.3390/dj11110250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The pursuit of aesthetic excellence in dentistry, shaped by societal trends and digital advancements, highlights the critical role of precise shade matching in restorative procedures. Although conventional methods are prevalent, challenges such as shade guide variability and subjective interpretation necessitate a re-evaluation in the face of emerging non-proximity digital instruments. This systematic review employs PRISMA protocols and keyword-based search strategies spanning the Scopus®, PubMed.gov, and Web of ScienceTM databases, with the last updated search carried out in October 2023. The study aimed to synthesise literature that identified digital non-proximity recording instruments and associated colour spaces in dentistry and compare the clinical outcomes of digital systems with spectrophotometers and conventional visual methods. Utilising predefined criteria and resolving disagreements between two reviewers through Cohen's kappa calculator, the review assessed 85 articles, with 33 included in a PICO model for clinical comparisons. The results reveal that 42% of studies employed the CIELAB colour space. Despite the challenges in study quality, non-proximity digital instruments demonstrated more consistent clinical outcomes than visual methods, akin to spectrophotometers, emphasising their efficacy in controlled conditions. The review underscores the evolving landscape of dental shade matching, recognising technological advancements and advocating for methodological rigor in dental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Rashid
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (T.H.F.); (J.D.)
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Philippi AG, Sabatini GP, Freitas MS, Oshima SN, Tango RN, Gonçalves T. Clinical Tooth Color Matching: In Vivo Comparisons of Digital Photocolorimetric and Spectrophotometric Analyses. Oper Dent 2023; 48:490-499. [PMID: 37721111 DOI: 10.2341/22-079-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the tooth color matching of two dental colorimetric methods: the spectrophotometric analysis (SPM) and the standardized digital photocolorimetric analysis (DPC). METHODS The color of 60 maxillary central incisors of 30 volunteers (22.5 ± 7.6 years) was analyzed. In the DPC method, tooth photographs were standardized with the eLABor_aid protocol, processed with Adobe Photoshop Lightroom software, and the values of L*, a*, and b* were obtained with a Digital Color Meter software. For the SPM, L*, a*, and b* were measured directly with a handheld spectrophotometer. Data were submitted to paired t-test and Pearson correlation test (α=0.05). Mean color difference between the two methods was calculated with CIELAB formula. RESULTS All color coordinates revealed different values when comparing DPC to SPM in the same tooth (p<0.0001). Mean color difference (ΔEab) between SPM and DPC was 11.5 ±3.1. A positive correlation was observed for L* (R2=0.73,p<0.0001), a* (R2=0.31, p=0.017), and b* (R2=0.83, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Even though the color coordinate values were different in both methods, they were correlated, revealing that the DPC is a viable alternative to determine the tooth color matching.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Philippi
- *Analucia Gebler Philippi, DDS, PhD, professor, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - G P Sabatini
- Gabriela Panca Sabatini, DDS, PhD student, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M S Freitas
- Maynara Schlickmann Freitas, DDS, PhD, research assistant, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - S N Oshima
- Sara Naomi Oshima, DDS, research assistant, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - R N Tango
- Rubens Nisie Tango, DDS, PhD, associate professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, State Sao Paulo State University School of Dentistry at Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Tmsv Gonçalves
- Thais Marques Simek Vega Gonçalves, DDS, PhD, professor, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Dias S, Dias J, Pereira R, Silveira J, Mata A, Marques D. Different Methods for Assessing Tooth Colour-In Vitro Study. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:384. [PMID: 37754135 PMCID: PMC10526998 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8050384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Colour assessment using digital methods can yield varying results, and it is important for clinicians to recognize the potential variability intra and inter-device. This study aimed to compare the L*a*b* values of VITA Classical (VC) and VITA Toothguide 3D-MASTER (VM) guides using two methods, SpectroShade (SS) and eLAB. Thirty-four measurements per tab were performed by a single operator across three batches of each guide. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) between batches were calculated. Values <0.5, 0.5-0.75, 0.75-0.9, and >0.90 were classified as poor, moderate, good, and excellent reliability, respectively. Results were reported as mean and standard deviation of the L*a*b* values and respective colour differences (ΔE00) for each tab and method. Statistical analyses were performed with an independent t-test, α = 0.05. ICC values between batches were excellent for all L*a*b*, except for a* component in eLAB. There were statistically significant differences between methods in most L*a*b* values. The intra-device mean ΔE00 was 0.5 ± 0.6 for VC, 0.5 ± 0.8 for VM in SS, 1.1 ± 0.8 for VC, 1.1 ± 0.9 for VM in eLAB. The mean ΔE00 inter-device was 4.9 ± 1.7 for VC, 5.0 ± 1.7 for VM. Both methods demonstrated good internal consistency, with high ICC values and low intra-device colour differences, but exhibited high variability between methods, higher for a* the component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Dias
- Oral Biology and Biochemistry Research Group, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1950-044 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.D.); (J.D.); (R.P.); (J.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Joana Dias
- Oral Biology and Biochemistry Research Group, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1950-044 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.D.); (J.D.); (R.P.); (J.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Ruben Pereira
- Oral Biology and Biochemistry Research Group, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1950-044 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.D.); (J.D.); (R.P.); (J.S.); (A.M.)
| | - João Silveira
- Oral Biology and Biochemistry Research Group, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1950-044 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.D.); (J.D.); (R.P.); (J.S.); (A.M.)
- LIBPhys-FCT UID/FIS/04559/2013, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1950-044 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António Mata
- Oral Biology and Biochemistry Research Group, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1950-044 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.D.); (J.D.); (R.P.); (J.S.); (A.M.)
- LIBPhys-FCT UID/FIS/04559/2013, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1950-044 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Duarte Marques
- Oral Biology and Biochemistry Research Group, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1950-044 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.D.); (J.D.); (R.P.); (J.S.); (A.M.)
- LIBPhys-FCT UID/FIS/04559/2013, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1950-044 Lisboa, Portugal
- Postgraduate Programme in Prosthodontics, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1950-044 Lisboa, Portugal
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Liu CT, Lai PL, Fu PS, Wu HY, Lan TH, Huang TK, Hsiang-Hua Lai E, Hung CC. Total solution of a smart shade matching. J Dent Sci 2023; 18:1323-1329. [PMID: 37404640 PMCID: PMC10316475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose The simulated color of restorations plays an important role in improving patient satisfaction. The aim of this study was to test a new intelligent colorimetric solution using the Advanced Reflectionless Technology (ART) monitor and compare them using commercially available shade systems. Materials and methods Six participants' right maxillary central incisors were tested with three devices, including the AUO Display Plus (Group A), a Canon single-lens reflex camera with eLAB's polar eyes filter (Group E), and the VITA Easyshade V (Group V). Each porcelain tooth was divided into three areas, and was assigned a CIELAB L∗a∗b∗ value by using the VITA Easyshade V. The original data were compared with the CIELAB L∗a∗b∗ obtained using the VITA Easyshade V. A prosthodontist compared the color of the porcelain veneers by eyes and gave the scores from 1 to 3. Results For the ΔE, the three areas of Group A had the smallest differences between the color of the fabricated teeth and that of the original teeth. Colorimetric analysis indicated that Groups A and V did not differ much in the color of the three areas of the tooth. Groups E and A exhibited significant differences between the cervical third and middle third of the tooth, and Groups E and V exhibited significant differences between the middle third and incisal third of the tooth. Conclusion Compared with traditional monitors, ART is closer to real images in terms of color, contrast, and detail grayscale. Technicians are able to produce realistic and pleasing colors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Te Liu
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Lai
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Sung Fu
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Wu
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsun Lan
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Ko Huang
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Eddie Hsiang-Hua Lai
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Oral Health, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Hung
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Where Is the Artificial Intelligence Applied in Dentistry? Systematic Review and Literature Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10071269. [PMID: 35885796 PMCID: PMC9320442 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This literature research had two main objectives. The first objective was to quantify how frequently artificial intelligence (AI) was utilized in dental literature from 2011 until 2021. The second objective was to distinguish the focus of such publications; in particular, dental field and topic. The main inclusion criterium was an original article or review in English focused on dental utilization of AI. All other types of publications or non-dental or non-AI-focused were excluded. The information sources were Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, queried on 19 April 2022. The search string was “artificial intelligence” AND (dental OR dentistry OR tooth OR teeth OR dentofacial OR maxillofacial OR orofacial OR orthodontics OR endodontics OR periodontics OR prosthodontics). Following the removal of duplicates, all remaining publications were returned by searches and were screened by three independent operators to minimize the risk of bias. The analysis of 2011–2021 publications identified 4413 records, from which 1497 were finally selected and calculated according to the year of publication. The results confirmed a historically unprecedented boom in AI dental publications, with an average increase of 21.6% per year over the last decade and a 34.9% increase per year over the last 5 years. In the achievement of the second objective, qualitative assessment of dental AI publications since 2021 identified 1717 records, with 497 papers finally selected. The results of this assessment indicated the relative proportions of focal topics, as follows: radiology 26.36%, orthodontics 18.31%, general scope 17.10%, restorative 12.09%, surgery 11.87% and education 5.63%. The review confirms that the current use of artificial intelligence in dentistry is concentrated mainly around the evaluation of digital diagnostic methods, especially radiology; however, its implementation is expected to gradually penetrate all parts of the profession.
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Rondón LF, Ramírez R, Pecho OE. Comparison of visual shade matching and photographic shade analysis. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2022; 34:374-382. [PMID: 35128799 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the performance of a standardized photographic shade analysis (PSA) and visual shade matching (VSM) using two color difference formulas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty observers (35 undergraduate and 15 graduate students) evaluated the color of two upper left central incisors (LT-light tooth, and DT-dark tooth). VSM was performed using the VITA 3D Master (3D) shade guide in a controlled clinical environment. For PSA, a cross-polarized filter and a gray card (Whibal) were used to standardize the photographs taken (target teeth and shade tabs from 3D). From the pictures obtained, the CIELAB coordinates, and color differences ( Δ E ab * and ΔE00 ) were obtained. The shade tabs selected by two experienced researchers were conducted as part of the pilot study, and finally used as a standard for the analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS Shade tabs selections of VSM and PSA agreed only for LT. The best "Match" selected by the researchers agreed with data from PSA using ΔE00 . PSA using ΔE00 showed higher total percentages of "Match" and higher percentage of agreement among observers. A relationship was found for LT performing the PSA (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The performance of the PSA was better than the VSM, but only when the CIEDE2000 color difference formula was used. Therefore, the color difference formulas influenced on the performance of PSA. Finally, the PSA improved the precision of the VSM. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE To use a standardized PSA to improve the VSM and shade communication in clinical esthetic dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Felipe Rondón
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Robert Ramírez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Oscar E Pecho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Regional Integrated University of Upper Uruguay and Missions (URI), Erechim, Brazil
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Mazur M, Westland S, Ndokaj A, Nardi GM, Guerra F, Ottolenghi L. In-vivo colour stability of enamel after ICON® treatment at 6 years of follow-up: a prospective single center study. J Dent 2022; 122:103943. [PMID: 35033596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This in-vivo clinical study provides subjective and objective documentation on colour stability of enamel after resin infiltration at a mean observation time of six years after treatment. METHODS 76 teeth previously treated with ICON® due to hypomineralized lesions of enamel were recalled for a follow-up at ………(………..). Colour stability was assessed: i) subjectively by patients using FDI-colour matching criteria; ii) objectively by calculating CIEDE2000 colour differences between the affected/treated and sound enamel in each tooth at T0 (baseline), T1 (one year) and T2 (six years) based on spectrophotometric data. Analysis of correlation between FDI and CIEDE2000 data was performed. RESULTS Two teeth were lost to follow-up prior to 72 months. No unwanted effects were reported by patients. Number of FDI scores 1 and 2 were 13.5%, 90.6% and 93.2% at T0, T1 and T2, respectively. ΔE00 was evaluated at 6.8 (SD3.8) at T0. ΔE00 was 5.8 (SD3.1) between T0 and T1 and 1.3 (SD0.6) between T1 and T2. ΔE00 reduction (T1-T0) was significantly but only fairly correlated with FDI scores at any follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that caries infiltration satisfactorily masks aesthetically relevant lesions after longer follow-up. Subjective and objective outcomes showed a fair correlation mainly for the initial masking effect. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This prospective clinical trial demonstrates the excellent subjective and objective colorimetric stability of enamel treated with ICON® 6 years after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mazur
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Caserta 6, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Stephen Westland
- School of Design, University of Leeds, Woodhouse, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Artnora Ndokaj
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Caserta 6, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianna Maria Nardi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Caserta 6, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Guerra
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Caserta 6, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Ottolenghi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Caserta 6, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Tabatabaian F, Beyabanaki E, Alirezaei P, Epakchi S. Visual and digital tooth shade selection methods, related effective factors and conditions, and their accuracy and precision: A literature review. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2021; 33:1084-1104. [PMID: 34498789 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite developments of dental shade selection methods, shade selection is still a challenge affecting esthetic outcomes. The purpose of this review was to discuss visual and digital shade taking methods, related effective factors and conditions, and their accuracy and precision to find out the most accurate, precise shade selection method available in dentistry. OVERVIEW The key terms of accuracy, background, ceramic, color, colorimeter, color analysis, color science, color measurement, color measuring instrument, color matching, composite resin, dental/tooth shade guide, digital camera, esthetics, imaging, imaging application/program/ software, intraoral scanner, light source, photography, precision, shade, shade matching/ determination/prediction/reproduction/selection, shade taking device, spectrophotometer, spectrophotometry, tooth color measurement, tooth color/shade, and visual perception were used separately and jointly to detect related English-language articles published between January 1, 1985, and January 1, 2021. Electronic/non-electronic searches of Google Scholar/PubMed/Scopus/Web of Science were accomplished. Consequently, 249 articles were considered. Accordingly, the digital methods show higher accuracy and precision compared to the visual methods while requiring to be enhanced regarding accuracy to achieve ideal shade taking results. CONCLUSIONS Dental spectrophotometers provide the highest overall accuracy and precision among different shade selection methods while needing clinical setting to control related effective factors/conditions and technological improvement to perform optimally. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Different factors can affect the accuracy and precision of tooth shade selection methods and devices. The understanding of these effective factors may lead to a standard shade taking protocol using accurate, precise methods and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Tabatabaian
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Beyabanaki
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Alirezaei
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saied Epakchi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rahbani Nobar B, Tabatabaian F, Namdari M. Can identical dental shade guides be used interchangeably? J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2021; 33:1150-1159. [PMID: 34319653 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if identical dental shade guides can be used interchangeably considering their precision. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty Vita classical (VC) and Vita 3D-Master (VM) shade guides were subjected to spectrophotometric measurements and their CIELab values were measured in three shade tab regions: incisal, middle, and cervical and also in total. The mean L*, a*, and b* values for analogous shade tabs were calculated to identify CIELab values for typical shades. ∆E00 color differences between a typical shade and its analogous shade tabs were measured. ∆E00 values were compared with perceptibility (∆E00 = 0.8) and acceptability (∆E00 = 1.8) thresholds using one-sample t test (α = 0.05). An error was considered when the ∆E00 value was greater than the threshold. Subsequently, the shade guides' precision scores were calculated. RESULTS Mean ∆E00 values ranged between 0.3 and 0.5 for VC tabs and between 0.3 and 0.6 for VM tabs. Precision scores for both shade guides ranged from 83.3% to 100%, considering the perceptibility threshold. Regarding the acceptability threshold, precision scores for VC ranged from 93.3% to 100%, while the precision scores for VM were 100%. CONCLUSIONS Owing to high precision of VC and VM, identical dental shade guides can be used interchangeably. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Using identical dental shade guides interchangeably may affect the color results of restorative treatments. This study identified high levels of precision for identical shade tabs of Vita classical and Vita 3D-Master across different batches. Thus, similar dental shade guides can be used interchangeably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrad Rahbani Nobar
- School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Tabatabaian
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Namdari
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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