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Galvez JR, St John ME, McLean K, Touokong CD, Gonwouo LN, Martin CH. Trophic specialization on unique resources despite limited niche divergence in a celebrated example of sympatric speciation. ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH 2022; 31:675-692. [PMID: 36211622 PMCID: PMC9542214 DOI: 10.1111/eff.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Trophic niche partitioning is observed in many adaptive radiations and is hypothesized to be a central process underlying species divergence. However, patterns of dietary niche partitioning are inconsistent across radiations and there are few studies of niche partitioning in putative examples of sympatric speciation. Here, we conducted the first quantitative study of dietary niche partitioning using stomach contents and stable isotope analyses in one of the most celebrated examples of sympatric speciation: the cichlid radiation from crater lake Barombi Mbo, Cameroon. We found little evidence for trophic niche partitioning among cichlids, including the nine species coexisting in the narrow littoral zone. Stable isotope analyses supported these conclusions of substantial dietary overlap. Our data, however, did reveal that five of eleven species consume rare dietary items, including freshwater sponge, terrestrial ants, and nocturnal foraging on shrimp. Stomach contents of the spongivore (Pungu maclareni) were 20% freshwater sponge, notable considering that only 0.04% of all fishes consume sponges. Overall, we conclude that cichlid species in lake Barombi Mbo overlap considerably in broad dietary niches-in part due to the large proportion of detritus in the stomach contents of all species-but there is evidence for divergence among species in their diet specializations on unique resources. We speculate that these species may utilize these additional specialized resources during periods of low resource abundance in support of Liem's paradox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn R Galvez
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michelle E St John
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Keara McLean
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Legrand Nono Gonwouo
- Laboratory of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Christopher H Martin
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Meira FA, Moura RR, Gonzaga MO. Araneophagy as an alternative foraging tactic to kleptoparasitism in two Argyrodinae (Araneae: Theridiidae) species. Behav Processes 2021; 189:104445. [PMID: 34144189 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2021.104445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Kleptoparasitism is assumed to be the main foraging strategy in some animal groups, such as the spiders of the subfamily Argyrodinae (Theridiidae). However, some species may also feed on silk threads, egg sacs, or even their hosts. The conditions determining these alternative foraging tactics remain unknown for most species. We performed field observations, stable isotope analysis and laboratory experiments to investigate kleptoparasitism and araneophagy of Argyrodes elevatus and Faiditus caudatus in webs of Manogea porracea (Araneidae). We evaluated the following hypotheses: (1) both species exhibit higher trophic positions than their hosts and closest to an araneophagic sympatric species; (2) host web selection is influenced by the presence of alternative resources (adult male and female, and egg sacs); and (3) they preferentially consume egg sacs instead of stored prey items. Both argyrodines showed higher trophic positions than their female hosts and closest to an araneophagic spider species. The invaders were found mainly on host webs with one adult and egg sacs and with egg sacs only. Finally, A. elevatus preferred to feed on prey captured by the host spider instead of egg sacs. We discussed the factors that can potentially determine the choices between foraging exclusively as kleptoparasites and consuming the hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe André Meira
- Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rios Moura
- Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Núcleo de Extensão e Pesquisa em Ecologia e Evolução (NEPEE), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Evaluating management options for two fisheries that conflict through predator–prey interactions of target species. Ecol Modell 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.108740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Winter ER, Nyqvist M, Britton JR. Non-lethal sampling for stable isotope analysis of pike Esox lucius: how mucus, scale and fin tissue compare to muscle. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 95:956-958. [PMID: 31125118 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotope analysis (SIA) was used to examine the isotopic relationships between dorsal muscle and fin, scale and epidermal mucus in pike Esox lucius. δ13 C and δ15 N varied predictably within each tissue pairing, with conversion factors calculated for the surrogate tissues, enabling their application to the non-lethal sampling of E. lucius for SIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Winter
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - Marina Nyqvist
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - J Robert Britton
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
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Trophic plasticity and the invasion of a renowned piscivore: a diet synthesis of northern pike (Esox lucius) from the native and introduced ranges in Alaska, U.S.A. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1909-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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McLoone P, Shephard S, Delanty K, Rocks K, Feeney R, Kelly F. Coexistence of pike Esox lucius and brown trout Salmo trutta in Irish lakes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 93:1005-1011. [PMID: 30251249 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An environmental study of pike Esox lucius recorded their presence in 522 Irish lakes and that they coexisted with brown trout Salmo trutta in 97 of these. Statistical models, accounting for spatial non-independence among lakes, suggested that lakes with greater area, maximum depth and stream connectivity show a higher probability of coexistence. Introductions of E. lucius are likely to have negative effects on S. trutta stocks in small isolated lakes, but coexistence may be possible in larger systems.
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Sánchez-Hernández J, Cobo F. Examining the link between dietary specialization and foraging modes of stream-dwelling brown trout Salmo trutta. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 93:143-146. [PMID: 29882215 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore differences in dietary specialization across two foraging modes (benthic v. surface-drift foraging) of stream-dwelling brown trout Salmo trutta. The degree of inter-individual niche variation within each foraging mode was high, but the dietary specialization was maintained between foraging modes. This study supports the view that if aquatic invertebrates are more abundant and accessible than surface prey, the individuals will not specialize on surface prey (surface-drift foraging).
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sánchez-Hernández
- Departamento de Zooloxía, Xenética e Antropoloxía Física, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernando Cobo
- Departamento de Zooloxía, Xenética e Antropoloxía Física, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Estación de Hidrobioloxía 'Encoro do Con', Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Vilagarcía de Arousa, Spain
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Taylor GC, Hill JM, Jackson MC, Peel RA, Weyl OLF. Estimating δ15N fractionation and adjusting the lipid correction equation using Southern African freshwater fishes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178047. [PMID: 28542647 PMCID: PMC5443568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable isotope analysis is an important tool for characterising food web structure; however, interpretation of isotope data can often be flawed. For instance, lipid normalisation and trophic fractionation values are often assumed to be constant, but can vary considerably between ecosystems, species and tissues. Here, previously determined lipid normalisation equations and trophic fractionation values were re-evaluated using freshwater fish species from three rivers in the Upper Zambezian floodplain ecoregion in southern Africa. The parameters commonly used in lipid normalisation equations were not correct for the 18 model species (new D and I parameters were estimated as D = 4.46‰ [95% CI: 2.62, 4.85] and constant I = 0 [95% CI: 0, 0.17]). We suggest that future isotopic analyses on freshwater fishes use our new values if the species under consideration do not have a high lipid content in their white muscle tissue. Nitrogen fractionation values varied between species and river basin; however, the average value closely matched that calculated in previous studies on other species (δ15N fractionation factor of 3.37 ± 1.30 ‰). Here we have highlighted the need to treat stable isotope data correctly in food web studies to avoid misinterpretation of the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine C. Taylor
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Grahamstown, South Africa
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Jaclyn M. Hill
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Grahamstown, South Africa
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Michelle C. Jackson
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Grahamstown, South Africa
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A. Peel
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Grahamstown, South Africa
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
- NNF/EU Community Conservation Fisheries in KAZA Project, Katima Mulilo, Namibia
| | - Olaf L. F. Weyl
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Grahamstown, South Africa
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
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